硅酸盐学报

面向工程应用的先进结构陶瓷材料强度可靠性研究进展

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曹娟 ¹^,² , 吴西士 ² , 刘泽华 ² , 裴兵兵 ² , 韩建燊 ² , 刘欢 ² , 杨亦天 ² , 吴海波 ² , 黄政仁 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(3): 1117-1132

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (3) : 1117 -1132

面向工程应用的先进结构陶瓷材料强度可靠性研究进展

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曹娟¹^,², 吴西士², 刘泽华², 裴兵兵², 韩建燊², 刘欢², 杨亦天², 吴海波², 黄政仁²

作者信息

^1．宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院，浙江宁波 315211

^2．中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，海洋关键材料全国重点实验室，浙江宁波 315201

通讯作者:

吴西士（1991—），男，博士，副研究员

吴海波（1987—），男，博士，研究员

黄政仁（1965—），男，博士，研究员。

作者简介:

曹娟（2000—），女，硕士研究生。

Research Progress on Strength and Reliability of Advanced Structural Ceramic Materials for Engineering Applications

Juan CAO¹^,², Xishi WU², Zehua LIU², Bingbing PEI², Jianshen HAN², Huan LIU², Yitian YANG², Haibo WU², Zhengren HUANG²

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

^2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China

Corresponding Author:

WU Xishi (1991-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: wuxishi@nimte.ac.cn

WU Haibo (1987-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: wuhaibo@nimte.ac.cn

HUANG Zhengren (1965-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: zhrhuang@nimte.ac.cn

CAO Juan (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: caojuan@nimte.ac.cn

出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250311

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摘要

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先进结构陶瓷材料具有良好的耐磨耐腐蚀性能，高比强度，高温蠕变小，高导热和低密度等优点，是高新技术或重大工程中的关键材料。先进结构陶瓷材料实现工程化应用最大的挑战就是保持其高的可靠性以实现更稳定的机械性能。然而先进结构陶瓷材料因自身脆性以及由材料组成、晶粒尺寸及缺陷分布不均匀所导致的强度离散等可靠性问题，限制了其作为工程结构材料的更广泛应用。基于工程应用的迫切需求及潜在的实际应用价值，文章梳理归纳了先进结构陶瓷材料断裂强度可靠性理论基础、评价方法和提升方法，并对先进结构陶瓷断裂强度可靠性改善途径进行了讨论，最后对未来高可靠性先进结构陶瓷的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词

先进结构陶瓷 / 碳化硅 / 可靠性 / 缺陷控制 / Weibull模数

Abstract

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Advanced structural ceramics such as oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics, carbide ceramics, and boride ceramics have extensive application in strategic fields, such as semiconductor technology, nuclear energy, aerospace engineering, and marine engineering. This is attributed to their remarkable properties, which encompass superior mechanical properties, low high-temperature creep, resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, and high thermal conductivity. However, the fracture strength of brittle ceramic materials typically exhibits significant discreteness, leading to a reduced reliability. The main reason is that ceramic materials have strong covalent and ionic bonds, poor plasticity at the crack tip, and a low resistance of the lattice to crack propagation, resulting in a large amount of stress concentration at the crack tip and propagation with minimal energy consumption, thus having inherent brittleness. This can result in a catastrophic failure of ceramic material components as undetectable structural defects may initiate and propagate under stress. The reliability issues arising from strength dispersion due to inherent brittleness as well as microcracks and other defects restrict the application of ceramics as engineering structural materials. Based on the urgent needs of engineering applications, the reliability issue of ceramic materials has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, this review summarizes the theoretical basis, evaluation methods, and influencing factors of fracture strength reliability of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, and discusses the methods for improving the fracture strength reliability of advanced structural ceramics, providing a theoretical guidance for promoting the wider engineering application of ceramic materials. The statistical theory of fracture strength is the theoretical basis for analyzing reliability. There are considerable researches on the statistical properties of fracture strength of ceramic materials, and various fracture strength statistical theories are established. The Weibull statistical theory is a statistical theory based on the principle of "weakest link connection" and a large amount of experimental data that can describe the distribution law of ceramic fracture strength. It is widely used in the field of strength dispersion statistics of brittle materials such as ceramics. With the development of computer technology, numerical simulation methods such as finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), and discontinuous deformation method (DDA) are used to analyze the damage mechanism and failure process of brittle materials in order to predict material properties and strength distribution. The failure of advanced structural ceramic materials is usually related to the pre-existing defects. The key to improving the reliability of fracture strength lies in enhancing crack propagation resistance and achieving precise control over material defects. This review proposes to enhance the reliability of fracture strength from four aspects, i.e., intrinsic microstructure, toughening microstructure construction, optimization of forming methods, and surface strengthening treatment. The reliability of ceramic materials is strongly correlated with their microstructural characteristics. Tailoring grain size and enhancing microstructural uniformity can substantially improve material reliability. The enhancement of reliability in ceramic materials is inherently linked to the optimization of fracture toughness. Through the rational design of toughening mechanisms that increase crack propagation resistance and significantly reduce strength distribution dispersion, mechanical properties and reliability can be synergistically optimized. Forming technology affects both the uniformity of the green body and the capability to fabricate complex components, thereby directly impacting the reliability of the material. Enhancing surface quality and reducing surface defects through techniques such as polishing, oxidation healing, laser modification, and coating integration serve as an effective approach to improving the reliability of fracture strength.

Summary and Prospects

This review systematically analyzes the theoretical basis, evaluation methods, and improvement methods of fracture strength reliability of advanced structural ceramic materials, which has a certain guiding significance for the study of fracture strength reliability of ceramic material systems exhibiting brittle characteristics. The Weibull theory is widely applied in the statistical field of strength discreteness of brittle materials such as ceramics, and has an irreplaceable engineering value in characterizing the reliability of fracture strength of ceramic materials. The core of improving the reliability of fracture strength of advanced structural ceramic materials lies in enhancing their ability to resist crack propagation and precise control of defects. The reliability of fracture strength can be improved via controlling the uniformity of grain size and microstructure distribution, adding second phases to construct toughening microstructures, optimizing molding processes to reduce the occurrence of defects in the preparation process, and repairing surface defects through secondary treatment. Future reliability research will develop intelligent design and preparation, high purity and uniformity control, biomimetic composite toughening, as well as fine processing and in-situ self-healing.

Key words

advanced structural ceramics / silicon carbide / reliability / defect control / Weibull modulus

引用本文

曹娟, 吴西士, 刘泽华, 裴兵兵, 韩建燊, 刘欢, 杨亦天, 吴海波, 黄政仁. 面向工程应用的先进结构陶瓷材料强度可靠性研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (3) : 1117 -1132 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250311

Juan CAO, Xishi WU, Zehua LIU, Bingbing PEI, Jianshen HAN, Huan LIU, Yitian YANG, Haibo WU, Zhengren HUANG. Research Progress on Strength and Reliability of Advanced Structural Ceramic Materials for Engineering Applications[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (3) : 1117 -1132 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250311

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706200)
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U23A20563)

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2026年第54卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250311

接收时间：2025-04-16
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-03-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-04-16
修回日期：2025-05-16

基金

国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706200)

国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U23A20563)

作者信息

^1．宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院，浙江宁波 315211

^2．中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，海洋关键材料全国重点实验室，浙江宁波 315201

通讯作者:

吴西士（1991—），男，博士，副研究员

吴海波（1987—），男，博士，研究员

黄政仁（1965—），男，博士，研究员。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250311

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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