硅酸盐学报

聚乙烯纤维对3D打印高强度高延性水泥基复合材料性能的影响

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赵宇 ¹ , 沈光海 ¹ , 朱伶俐 ² , 丁亚红 ¹ , 管学茂 ² , 古立新 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(8): 2308-2319

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (8) : 2308 -2319

聚乙烯纤维对3D打印高强度高延性水泥基复合材料性能的影响

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赵宇¹, 沈光海¹, 朱伶俐², 丁亚红¹, 管学茂², 古立新¹

作者信息

^1．河南理工大学土木工程学院，河南焦作 454000

^2．河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，河南焦作 454000

通讯作者:

朱伶俐（1979—），女，博士，副教授。

作者简介:

赵宇（1981—），男，博士，副教授。

Effect of Polyethylene Fiber on Properties of 3D Printing High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites

Yu ZHAO¹, Guanghai SHEN¹, Lingli ZHU², Yahong DING¹, Xuemao GUAN², Lixin GU¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China

Corresponding Author:

ZHU Lingli (1979-), female, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: zhull@hpu.edu.cn

ZHAO Yu (1981-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: zhaoyu@hpu.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240826

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摘要

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基于智能建造领域和复杂载荷条件对高性能混凝土材料的迫切需求，将高强度高延性水泥基复合材料（HS-ECC）与3D打印智能建造技术相结合，通过系统研究聚乙烯（Polyethylene, PE）纤维的掺量（1.0%、1.5%、2.0%，体积分数）和长度（6、9、12 mm）对3D打印HS-ECC的硬化前、后宏观力学性能及微观结构的影响，揭示了纤维参数与打印工艺、材料性能之间的多尺度关联机制。结果表明：在纤维掺量为1.0%~2.0%、长度为6~12 mm的范围内，随着PE纤维掺量和长度的增加，3D打印HS-ECC的动、静态屈服应力和塑性黏度显著提高，同时其早期力学强度也呈现上升趋势。通过实际打印测试，发现材料的可打印性与流变性能具有一定的相关性，表明纤维的加入能够有效改善打印过程中的结构稳定性；随着纤维掺量和长度的增加，材料的抗压强度呈现下降趋势，而拉伸延性显著增强，主要归因于纤维的桥接效应及其对裂纹扩展的抑制作用；纤维掺量和长度的增加扩大了纤维-基体界面过渡区并诱发微裂纹，与宏观力学性能的演变规律一致；与纤维掺量为1%、纤维长度为6 mm的试验组相比，当纤维掺量增加至2.0%、纤维长度增加至12 mm时，3D打印HS-ECC的总孔隙率分别提高了21.75%和11.75%，进一步解释了3D打印HS-ECC试件力学性能降低的原因。为优化3D打印HS-ECC的材料设计和性能调控提供了理论依据和技术支持，推动了3D打印技术在建筑结构领域的创新应用。

关键词

3D打印混凝土 / 高强度高延性水泥基复合材料 / 聚乙烯纤维 / 流变性能 / 力学性能

Abstract

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Introduction

Research and development of alternative technologies to conventional reinforcement and exploration of printable building materials with excellent properties ECC prepared from polymer fibers has high ductility, excellent toughness, and superior strain-hardening energy dissipation properties. The effects of polyethylene (PE) fiber dosage (1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, in volume) and length (6, 9 mm, and 12 mm) on the pre-strain-hardening early properties, post-strain-hardening mechanical properties, and microstructure of 3D-printed HS-ECC were investigated. This study provides new ideas for the design and performance optimization of 3D-printed HS-ECC, which further promotes the application of 3D-printed technology in construction.

Methods

In this study, we experimentally investigated the effect patterns of polyethylene (PE) fiber doping (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) and length (6, 9, 12 mm) on the pre-hardening early properties, post-hardening mechanical properties, and microstructure of 3D-printed HS-ECC. The rheological properties and early mechanical properties were correlated by actual printing tests. The influence mechanism of mechanical virtual was explored by utilizing microscopic testing means SEM, NMR methods combined with experimental results.

Results and discussion

The static and dynamic yield stresses of HS-ECC increased with increasing fiber doping and length, and the effect of fiber doping was more pronounced. With the increase in vertical strain, the stress of the specimens increased approximately linearly before yielding, and the increase in stress slowed down after yielding. Specifically, increasing fiber doping and fiber length increased the early strength of 33D-printed HS-ECC, and the bridging effect of fibers increased with increasing doping and length. The pattern of printable properties was consistent with the rheological properties and early mechanical strength by actual printing tests.

The post-hardening mechanical properties of the 3D-printed HS-ECC with 2.0% 12 mm PE fibers yielded a tensile strain capacity of more than 4%, an average crack width of 89.72 μm, and a compressive strength of more than 80 MPa. The degree of destruction of the PE fibers after detachment from the substrate increased with fiber doping and length. The 6 mm PE fibers were easier to pull out than 12 mm, and thus the ductility of the material increased with the increase in fiber doping and length. to pull out and thus the ductility of the material decreases. In addition, nozzle extrusion-based 3D-printed HS-ECC allows for effective directional fiber orientation, resulting in increased ductility of the 3D-printed HS-ECC.

The pore size distributions peaked in the range of 0.001 µm to 0.010 µm. Cast samples contained and the proportion of small pores in the casting samples is less than 90%, while the 3D-printed samples are 60% to 70%, which indicates that the 3D printed samples contain a higher number of large pores. The primary and secondary peaks of samples V1, V2, L1, and L2 are lower compared to those of samples V3 and L3, and the trend suggests that the increase of fibers raises the number of pores, which results in the decrease of compressive strength. Although the variation of the primary peaks of the 3D printed samples is consistent with the pouring trend, the pattern of the secondary peaks is complex, which may be related to the time between the printed layers and the pressure on the upper layer of the material, resulting in an irregular distribution of pores. The total porosity increases by about 21.75% and 11.75% with increasing fiber doping and fiber length, while the mechanical properties of 3D-printed HS-ECC specimens decrease at the same time. The comparative results show that the porosity of cast HS-ECC is 1.24 to 1.67 times higher than that of 3D-printed HS-ECC, but the harmful porosity of 3D-printed HS-ECC accounts for about 30%, which may lead to the decrease in the mechanical properties of large-scale components.

Conclusions

With the increase of fiber doping and fiber length, its dynamic and static yield stress increases. In addition, the early mechanical strength of 3D-printed HS-ECC increases. Through the actual printing test, the pattern of its printable properties is consistent with the rheological properties and early mechanical strength. The post-hardening mechanical property test results yielded that the 3D-printed HS-ECC containing 2.0% 12 mm PE fibers possessed a tensile strain capacity of more than 4%, an average crack width of 89.72 μm, and a compressive strength of more than 80 MPa. The degree of damage of PE fibers after separation from the matrix increased with fiber doping and length. 6 mm PE fibers were easier to pull out compared to 12 mm, resulting in a decrease in the ductility of the material. In addition, nozzle extrusion-based 3D-printed HS-ECC allows for effective directional fiber orientation, resulting in an increase in the ductility of 3D-printed HS-ECC. The increase in fiber doping and length increased the total porosity by 21.75% and 11.75%, respectively, which led to a decrease in the mechanical properties of 3D-printed HS-ECC specimens. 3D-printed HS-ECC showed a decrease in the intra-strip porosity compared to casting, and an increase in the interlayer and inter-strip porosity resulted in a decrease in strength.

Key words

3D-printed concrete / high strength engineered cementitious composites / polyethylene fiber / rheological properties / mechanical properties

引用本文

赵宇, 沈光海, 朱伶俐, 丁亚红, 管学茂, 古立新. 聚乙烯纤维对3D打印高强度高延性水泥基复合材料性能的影响. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2308 -2319 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240826

Yu ZHAO, Guanghai SHEN, Lingli ZHU, Yahong DING, Xuemao GUAN, Lixin GU. Effect of Polyethylene Fiber on Properties of 3D Printing High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2308 -2319 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240826

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(52478251)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(25B560007)
河南省科技攻关项目(232102320191)

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2025年第53卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240826

接收时间：2024-12-24
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-08-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-12-24
修回日期：2025-02-18

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(52478251)

河南省高等学校重点科研项目(25B560007)

河南省科技攻关项目(232102320191)

作者信息

^1．河南理工大学土木工程学院，河南焦作 454000

^2．河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，河南焦作 454000

通讯作者:

朱伶俐（1979—），女，博士，副教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240826

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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