硅酸盐学报

不同砖雕加固剂的修复效果

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曾翔超 ¹ , 余红发 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(8): 2301-2307

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (8) : 2301 -2307

不同砖雕加固剂的修复效果

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曾翔超¹, 余红发²

作者信息

^1．长江师范学院土木建筑工程学院，重庆 408100

^2．南京航空航天大学机场与土木工程系，南京 210016

通讯作者:

余红发（1964—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

曾翔超（1977—），男，博士，讲师。

Repair Effect of Different Strengthening Agent on Restoration of Brick Carving

Xiangchao ZENG¹, Hongfa YU²

Affiliations

^1.Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China

^2.Department of airport and Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautic and Astronautic, Nanjing 20016, China

Corresponding Author:

YU Hongfa (1964-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: yuhongfa@nuaa.edu.cn

ZENG Xiangchao (1977-), male, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: zxcgzz@sina.com

出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240786

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摘要

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砖雕文物具有独特的文化属性，故对其进行原位修复的技术和材料有更高要求。针对砖雕修复过程中补砖和原位保护古灰浆的需要，首先采用碱式硫酸镁水泥基（镁基）、钙基水硬性石灰、硅基硅溶胶加固剂制作仿制砖，对3种仿制砖与古材的相容性、晶相组成、抗压强度、孔隙度特性、毛细吸水性能和耐腐蚀性等进行测试，发现镁砖性能最优；然后用黏结性和渗透加固性等指标来评价3种加固剂应用于砖雕文物修复的有效性，发现碱式硫酸镁水泥基加固剂含量为30%、含水量为44%~50%的渗透溶液加固效果最佳、体积稳定性好。本文能对碱式硫酸镁水泥基修复材料在砖石文化遗产修复领域的应用提供参考。

关键词

砖雕 / 碱式硫酸镁水泥基加固剂 / 水硬性石灰 / 硅溶胶 / 仿制砖 / 黏结性

Abstract

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Introduction

The brick-carved cultural relics is a precious cultural resource. The uniqueness of brick carving causes a high requirement for the technique and materials of in-situ repair. The difficulty is to preserve the original features of brick carving while restoring its microstructure. The inorganic reinforcing agents are beneficial for maintaining the physical properties of the historical material and have been considered the optimal choice for restoring the cohesive strength of the historical material in recent years. The restoration material prepared by basic magnesium sulfate cement (BMSC) has the advantages of high tensile strength, high resistance to weather, high viscosity, early strength, and low cost. It has a good effect in reinforcing the weathered sandstone of the cultural relics. The hydraulic lime is widely used due to its waterproof and breathable properties. But it is very expensive. The Silicon-based repair material has good permeability. But it has poor stability in the environment with the changing humidity. Three types of strengthening agents are selected as the alternative options for the restoration of brick carving based on the need for the brick repair and in-situ protection of the ancient mortar during the process of the restoration of brick carving.

Methods

Three strengthening agents are Ca-based hydraulic lime, Si-based silica sol, and Mg-based BMSC. Three steps are implemented in order to select the most effective strengthening agent in the restoration of the cultural relics of brick carving. That is the preparation and research of performances of three kinds of imitation bricks, infiltration reinforcement of the ancient material, and the verification of practical engineering. The powder of green bricks is used as the main material for replica bricks. The hydraulic lime, silica sol, and BMSC-based reinforcing agent are firstly mixed with the powder of green brick to form replica bricks, which are the Ca-bricks, Si-bricks and Mg-bricks. The multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the compatibility of replica bricks. The studied properties include the composition of crystal phase, compressive strength, porosity characteristics, and the hydraulic performance of the replica bricks, and so on. WW/T 0065—2015 "Code for Investigation of Stone Cultural Relics Protection Engineering" is referenced. Secondly, the adhesive properties and infiltration reinforcement of the strengthening agents were taken into consideration to evaluate the feasibility of application of these material to the restoration of the brick-carving cultural relics. Finally, the verification of the referred BMSC-based strengthening agent used in actual engineering was conducted because the laboratory environment is different from the complex environment where the cultural relics are located.

Results and discussion

Ca-based and Si-based reinforcing agents only serve to adhere the powder of green brick. The BMSC-based reinforcement agent continues to hydrate after being added to the powder of green brick to form the replica bricks. The main hydration product is the 5·1·7 strength phase. So the BMSC-based reinforcing agent has the strongest adhesion among three types of reinforcing agents. The Mg-brick has the best performance among three kinds of replica bricks, which is similar to the green brick. But Mg-brick has the slight hydrophobicity. The properties of Ca-bricks and Si-bricks are close to the ancient bricks. The bending strength of the masonry of bonded Mg-bricks is 10 times that of the Si-bricks. Only the BMSC-based strengthening agent has no carbonization and has good aging resistance. The infiltration solution with a content of 30% BMSC-based reinforcement agent and a moisture content of 44%-50% has the best effect of reinforcement, maintaining the original physical properties of brick-carved cultural relics while restoring the original cohesion. The referred BMSC - based reinforcing agent can penetrate and bond the slag of brick carving of 9.5 times the mass of agent.

Conclusions

The BMSC-based reinforcing agent demonstrates higher penetration enhancement ability than reinforcing agents based on hydraulic lime or silica sol. The volume stability of the referred BMSC-based strengthening agent meets the requirements. It also can be found that the repair effect of the referred BMSC-based strengthening agent is good after two years. In summary, the optimal ratio of BMSC - based reinforcing agent shows good repair effect at low cost. The Mg-brick and BMSC - based reinforcing agent can be used for the restoration of brick carving.

Key words

brick carving / basic magnesium sulfate cement strengthening agent / hydraulic lime / silica sol / solreplica brick / adhesive property

引用本文

曾翔超, 余红发. 不同砖雕加固剂的修复效果. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2301 -2307 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240786

Xiangchao ZENG, Hongfa YU. Repair Effect of Different Strengthening Agent on Restoration of Brick Carving[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2301 -2307 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240786

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(51678304)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划重点项目资助项目(KJZD-K202201406)

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2025年第53卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240786

接收时间：2024-12-09
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-08-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-12-09
修回日期：2025-01-14

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(51678304)

重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划重点项目资助项目(KJZD-K202201406)

作者信息

^1．长江师范学院土木建筑工程学院，重庆 408100

^2．南京航空航天大学机场与土木工程系，南京 210016

通讯作者:

余红发（1964—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240786

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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