硅酸盐学报

水泥基材料毛细吸水过程及其速率研究进展

PDF下载

郭鑫志 ¹ , 张昀 ¹ , 曾强 ² , 王振地 ³ , 洪舒贤 ⁴ , 王祖琦 ⁵ , 周春圣 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2025,53(5): 1369-1388

收起

硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2025 , 53 (5) : 1369 -1388

水泥基材料毛细吸水过程及其速率研究进展

全屏

郭鑫志¹, 张昀¹, 曾强², 王振地³, 洪舒贤⁴, 王祖琦⁵, 周春圣¹

作者信息

^1．哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院，哈尔滨 150090

^2．浙江大学土木工程学院，杭州 310058

^3．中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司，绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室，北京 100024

^4．深圳大学土木与交通工程学院，广东省滨海土木工程耐久性重点实验室，广东深圳 518000

^5．中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013

通讯作者:

周春圣（1983—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

郭鑫志（1998—），男，硕士研究生。

A Review on the Physics of Capillary Absorption and on the Significance of Capillary Sorptivity for Cement-Based Materials

Xinzhi GUO¹, Yun ZHANG¹, Qiang ZENG², Zhendi WANG³, Shuxian HONG⁴, Zuqi WANG⁵, Chunsheng ZHOU¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

^2.School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

^3.State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China

^4.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangzhou, China

^5.China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China

Corresponding Author:

ZHOU Chunsheng (1983-), Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: c_s_zhou@hit.edu.cn

GUO Xinzhi (1998-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: 22s033019@stu.hit.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240750

文章导航

摘要

收起

水分传输是决定水泥基材料耐久性能与结构服役寿命的关键基础要素。由于实际服役混凝土结构绝大多处于非饱和状态，毛细吸水是最常见且高效的水分传输方式。深入分析毛细吸水过程及其速率，对量化研究并提升水泥基材料的耐久性能具有重要意义。针对水泥基材料毛细吸水过程及其速率，本文系统阐述了毛细吸水理论背景及其关键异常；归纳了国内外现行毛细吸水速率测试标准，总结评价各标准对混凝土试件的形状、尺寸、预处理与测试方法的异同；系统整理并分析相关试验研究所得毛细吸水速率实测数据，探究混凝土原材料、配合比、养护制度、预处理方式与测试细节等因素对毛细吸水速率的影响；重点梳理毛细吸水速率与其他宏观性能及耐久性能表征指标的关联，并对毛细吸水理论研究、毛细吸水速率指标的标准化测试与定量表征耐久性的工程应用等进行展望。

关键词

耐久性 / 介质传输 / 毛细吸水 / 非饱和流动理论 / 水分敏感性

Abstract

收起

From the initiation of hydration when water is added to cement until the end of service life of cement-based materials, the influence of water permeates almost the entire lifecycle, comprehensively affecting both the development and degradation of their properties. Water transport is a critical fundamental factor determining the durability of cement-based materials (CBMs) and service life of structures. Since most concrete structures under service are unsaturated, capillary water absorption is the primary and efficient mechanism for water transport in concrete. An in-depth analysis of capillary water absorption process and sorptivity is of great significance for quantitatively studying and improving the durability of CBMs.

This study systematically investigates the capillary water absorption process and its anomalies in CBMs. While existing theories attribute sorptivity anomalies to factors such as gravitational effects, material heterogeneity, and secondary hydration of unhydrated cement particles, certain experimental phenomena remain inadequately explained. Through macro- and micro-scale testing combined with theoretical modeling, it is hypothesized that the unique physicochemical interactions between water and C-S-H gel may underpin these critical anomalies.

Although sorptivity testing is operationally simple, its results are highly sensitive to experimental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, and initial saturation). The moisture state of specimens plays a decisive role in sorptivity measurements, while inconsistencies in testing protocols can lead to disparate outcomes. Consequently, adopting a scientifically rigorous and practical testing methodology is imperative. This paper reviews international standards for sorptivity testing, including the widely recognized and scientifically reliable ASTM C1585—20 and ISO 15148:2002. However, these standards exhibit limitations, such as short testing durations that overlook the significance of secondary sorptivity. Given the anomalous long-term absorption behavior of CBMs, a systematic consideration of the two-stage sorptivity process is essential. Furthermore, China urgently requires the development of a national testing standard tailored to its specific material and environmental conditions.

To elucidate the influencing factors of sorptivity, this study compiles and analyzes experimental data from diverse studies. The results reveal that cement content, water-to-cement ratio, and the dosage of supplementary cementitious materials profoundly alter hydration kinetics, hydration products, and pore structure, thereby significantly affecting sorptivity. Beyond material composition, variations in pretreatment methods (e.g., drying protocols) also induce substantial discrepancies in test results due to differing moisture states. Moreover, the coupling effects of these factors further complicate the interpretation of sorptivity behavior. Therefore, during the sorptivity test, it is crucial to adopt a scientific pretreatment protocol to minimize the impact of drying, equilibration, and moisture content on the test results.

The study also explores correlations between sorptivity and other macroscopic performance indicators. Sorptivity demonstrates strong linkages with transport properties such as permeability and electrical flux, as these metrics are fundamentally governed by pore structure. Additionally, sorptivity exhibits predictive potential for mechanical properties and durability outcomes, including carbonation resistance, freeze-thaw durability, and sulfate attack resistance. Compared to other durability indicators, sorptivity not only boasts a relatively straightforward testing process, but its primary advantage lies in its high sensitivity to durability changes in long-age concrete. It also provides highly accurate assessments of the carbonation resistance of cement-based materials. Furthermore, it contributes effectively to evaluating frost resistance and sulfate erosion resistance. When used in conjunction with other durability indicators, sorptivity enables a comprehensive assessment of the durability performance of cement-based materials. As a durability indicator, sorptivity shows promise in forecasting the service life of cement-based materials.

In conclusion, this work underscores the need for refined theoretical models, standardized testing protocols, and comprehensive investigations into the coupling mechanisms governing sorptivity. Addressing these challenges will enhance the reliability of sorptivity as a critical parameter for optimizing material design and durability assessment in cement-based systems.

Summary and prospects

Cement-based materials exhibit water sensitivity due to their unique physicochemical interactions with water. Current understanding and quantitative characterization of capillary water absorption (sorptivity) require further refinement through integrated theoretical and practical studies. Notably, the two-stage sorptivity mechanism, particularly the physical significance and engineering implications of the secondary sorptivity, demands deeper exploration to enhance its practical application.

Critical anomalies observed in sorptivity evolution highlight the urgent need to develop more scientifically robust testing protocols. A standardized framework for evaluating concrete quality based on sorptivity should subsequently be established.

The measured sorptivity is significantly influenced by material composition and mix design parameters, including cement type, supplementary cementitious materials, water-to-binder ratio, curing conditions (temperature and humidity), aging, and drying pretreatment. Systematic investigations into the correlations between sorptivity and material composition are essential to optimize mix designs for improved durability.

Although sorptivity demonstrates varying degrees of correlation with mechanical properties, other transport indices (e.g., chloride diffusion), and accelerated durability test results, it exhibits unique potential as a complementary indicator for assessing concrete durability. Integrating sorptivity with conventional metrics could enhance the accuracy of service life prediction models for concrete structures. However, further theoretical, experimental, and field studies are imperative to validate its application in engineering practice.

In summary, advancing research—spanning mechanistic interpretation, standardized testing, material optimization, and durability assessment—will provide critical insights into the performance and longevity of cement-based materials in real-world environments.

Key words

durability / mass transport / capillary absorption / unsaturated flow theory / water sensitivity

引用本文

郭鑫志, 张昀, 曾强, 王振地, 洪舒贤, 王祖琦, 周春圣. 水泥基材料毛细吸水过程及其速率研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1369 -1388 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240750

Xinzhi GUO, Yun ZHANG, Qiang ZENG, Zhendi WANG, Shuxian HONG, Zuqi WANG, Chunsheng ZHOU. A Review on the Physics of Capillary Absorption and on the Significance of Capillary Sorptivity for Cement-Based Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1369 -1388 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240750

基金

收起

国家自然科学基金(52478243)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

2025年第53卷第5期

PDF下载

102

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240750

接收时间：2024-11-24
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-05-20

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2024-11-24
修回日期：2024-12-28

基金

国家自然科学基金(52478243)

作者信息

^1．哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院，哈尔滨 150090

^2．浙江大学土木工程学院，杭州 310058

^3．中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司，绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室，北京 100024

^4．深圳大学土木与交通工程学院，广东省滨海土木工程耐久性重点实验室，广东深圳 518000

^5．中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013

通讯作者:

周春圣（1983—），男，博士，教授。

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240750

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT