Article(id=1320090132074573929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320090116236882876, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240742, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732118400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-21, revisedDate=1734019200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792663613574, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792663613574, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792663613574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792663613574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320090116236882876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2025', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='733', pageEnd='1030', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745078400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792663609799, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792663788359, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320090865276670951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320090116236882876, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320090865276670952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320090116236882876, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=895, endPage=909, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320090132720496746, articleId=1320090132074573929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Ionic Transport and Interface Regulation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Sodium Batteries, columnId=1321897782982591319, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on the 14th Inorganic and Non-metallic Materials Conference—Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively utilized in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and various other advantages. However, the limited natural abundance of lithium resources and their uneven geographical distribution imped the further development of the lithium-ion battery industry. Sodium-ion batteries have an application potential in large-scale energy storage due to their advantages such as abundant sodium resources, low cost, and compatibility with existing lithium-ion battery production lines. Replacing the conventional electrolyte with a solid electrolyte possessing flame retardant properties can effectively address the issues of thermal runaway and explosion associated with sodium-ion batteries. All solid-state sodium batteries (ASSB) offer benefits, including high energy density, enhanced safety, and low cost, aligning with the development goals of energy storage. As a critical component of ASSBs, the electrochemical properties of solid electrolytes play a pivotal role in determining their performance. Composite solid electrolytes (CSE), characterized by a good flexibility, high interfacial compatibility, and ease of processing, are considered as the most promising solid electrolytes for future large-scale commercial applications.

This review summarizes recent research progress on organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (CSE) for ASSB and further analyzes the ion transport mechanisms within CSE. CSE are primarily composed of an organic polymer matrix, inorganic fillers, and sodium salts in specific ratios. The polar groups (i.e., -S-, C≡N, -O-, C=O) present in the polymer form group-ion complexes with the dissolved sodium salt. Within the amorphous regions, individual segments of the polymer chains exhibit relative freedom to rotate and bend, facilitating the movement of group-ion complexes within a limited spatial domain. As the chain segments reposition themselves appropriately, the group-ion complexes on these segments begin to segregate, allowing ions to interact with the functional groups of adjacent chain segments, thereby forming new group-ion complexes. This process is reiterated to facilitate ion transport. It is widely accepted that Na+ conduction predominantly occurs in the amorphous phase regions of the polymers above the glass transition temperature. In addition to these amorphous regions, certain crystalline domains exist within the polymers. In inorganic solid electrolytes, ionic hopping migration serves as the primary ion transport mechanism, which are largely affected by defects within the crystal lattice. The complexity of the interfacial region is further compounded in the presence of inorganic fillers that possess highly reactive surface defects, which readily interact with the polymer matrix. Two main explanations for ion transport in the interfacial region are proposed, i.e., 1) the interaction between the functional groups on the surfaces of the inorganic fillers and the polymer matrix, as well as the sodium salt, which weakens the interaction between the polymer matrix and Na+, resulting in a higher concentration of free Na+ on the filler surfaces and the formation of ion-transport channels, and 2) the space charge layer effect arises from the disparity in Na+ concentration between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix, as well as the electrochemical potential difference. This results in the spontaneous formation of a Na+-rich space charge region, which serves as an efficient channel for Na+ transport. Solid electrolytes, including oxides and sulfides, are commonly utilized as active fillers, wherein the Na+ transport mechanisms encompass both vacancy and interstitial mechanisms.

Based on their ionic conductivity, fillers are classified into inert fillers and active fillers. Inert fillers include Al2O3, ZnO, TiO2, SiO2, Y2O3, ZrO2, MgO, and BaTiO3, while active fillers encompass NASICON-type, calcite-type, and sulfide solid electrolytes. Fillers are further categorized by their shape and dimension into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) structures. Modifying the chemical properties of the filler surface enhances compatibility and interfacial bonding between the filler and the polymer matrix and allows for the modulation of ionic transport pathways within the electrolyte, significantly impacting overall electrochemical performance. Graft copolymers serve as interfacial modifiers, interacting with both the polymer and the filler to markedly improve interfacial bonding and enhance ionic conductivity. This strategy also mitigates the aggregation of fillers, which arises from the disparity in surface energy between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the quantity of inorganic filler added plays a crucial role in ionic transport within CSE, making it essential to clarify the relationship between the amount of inorganic filler and ionic conductivity to effectively regulate ionic transport.

Summary and prospects

Composite solid electrolytes (CSE), which consist of a polymer matrix combined with inorganic fillers, leverage the advantages of both solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) and inorganic solid electrolytes, offering promising prospects for practical applications. However, the development and implementation of CSE are still in their early stages, revealing a significant gap between their existing performance and application requirements, necessitating further enhancements. To address this, CSE with specific morphologies and microstructures must be designed to improve the connectivity of ion migration channels, facilitating efficient ion transport. An effective interfacial conductive network can be established via carefully controlling the ratio, size, dispersion, and other characteristics of the inorganic fillers, significantly enhancing ionic conductivity. The strategic application of simulation and characterization techniques to elucidate the ion transport mechanisms within CSE is crucial for advancing the performance of these materials. Lastly, to lower the costs associated with ASSB, the fabrication process of CSE should be streamlined to be simple, time-efficient, and material-saving, while also being compatible with the existing battery production lines to enhance the practicality.

, authors=Shoumeng YANG, Yi TANG, Xin CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yang YANG, Xianhong RUI, authorsList=Shoumeng YANG, Yi TANG, Xin CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yang YANG, Xianhong RUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang YANG, Xianhong RUI, authorNote=

YANG Shoumeng (1997-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
YANG Yang (1991-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer; E-mail: ;
RUI Xianhong (1985-), male, Ph.D., Professor.
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固态钠电池具有高能量密度、高安全性和低成本等优势,是未来储能的发展目标。作为全固态钠电池的关键组成部分,固态电解质的电化学性质决定了固态钠电池的性能。复合固态电解质(CSE)兼具固态聚合物电解质的柔韧性和无机固态电解质的高离子电导率,展现出强大的应用潜力。本文总结了复合固态电解质中聚合物、聚合物与无机填料之间的界面、以及无机填料区域的离子传输性能,阐述了无机填料的种类、特征参数和表面改性策略对CSE性能的影响。同时,本文总结了CSE与正负极之间的界面问题及相应的改性策略。最后,对固态钠电池中复合固态电解质的未来发展进行了展望。

, authors=杨守猛, 唐仪, 陈馨, 张旭, 杨洋, 芮先宏, authorsList=杨守猛, 唐仪, 陈馨, 张旭, 杨洋, 芮先宏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨洋, 芮先宏, authorNote=

杨守猛(1997—),男,博士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨洋(1991—),女,博士,讲师;
芮先宏(1985—),男,博士,教授。
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固态钠电池有机-无机复合固态电解质的离子输运与界面调控
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杨守猛 , 唐仪 , 陈馨 , 张旭 , 杨洋 , 芮先宏
硅酸盐学报 | 第14届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题—综合评述 2025,53(4): 895-909
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硅酸盐学报 |第14届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题—综合评述 2025 , 53 (4) : 895 -909
固态钠电池有机-无机复合固态电解质的离子输运与界面调控
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杨守猛 , 唐仪, 陈馨, 张旭, 杨洋 , 芮先宏
作者信息
  • 广东工业大学材料与能源学院,广州 510006
通讯作者:
杨洋(1991—),女,博士,讲师;
芮先宏(1985—),男,博士,教授。
作者简介:

杨守猛(1997—),男,博士研究生。

Ionic Transport and Interface Regulation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Sodium Batteries
Shoumeng YANG , Yi TANG, Xin CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yang YANG , Xianhong RUI
Affiliations
  • School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    YANG Yang (1991-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer; E-mail: ;
    RUI Xianhong (1985-), male, Ph.D., Professor.

    YANG Shoumeng (1997-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240742
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固态钠电池具有高能量密度、高安全性和低成本等优势,是未来储能的发展目标。作为全固态钠电池的关键组成部分,固态电解质的电化学性质决定了固态钠电池的性能。复合固态电解质(CSE)兼具固态聚合物电解质的柔韧性和无机固态电解质的高离子电导率,展现出强大的应用潜力。本文总结了复合固态电解质中聚合物、聚合物与无机填料之间的界面、以及无机填料区域的离子传输性能,阐述了无机填料的种类、特征参数和表面改性策略对CSE性能的影响。同时,本文总结了CSE与正负极之间的界面问题及相应的改性策略。最后,对固态钠电池中复合固态电解质的未来发展进行了展望。

固态钠电池  /  复合固态电解质  /  无机填料  /  界面改性

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively utilized in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and various other advantages. However, the limited natural abundance of lithium resources and their uneven geographical distribution imped the further development of the lithium-ion battery industry. Sodium-ion batteries have an application potential in large-scale energy storage due to their advantages such as abundant sodium resources, low cost, and compatibility with existing lithium-ion battery production lines. Replacing the conventional electrolyte with a solid electrolyte possessing flame retardant properties can effectively address the issues of thermal runaway and explosion associated with sodium-ion batteries. All solid-state sodium batteries (ASSB) offer benefits, including high energy density, enhanced safety, and low cost, aligning with the development goals of energy storage. As a critical component of ASSBs, the electrochemical properties of solid electrolytes play a pivotal role in determining their performance. Composite solid electrolytes (CSE), characterized by a good flexibility, high interfacial compatibility, and ease of processing, are considered as the most promising solid electrolytes for future large-scale commercial applications.

This review summarizes recent research progress on organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (CSE) for ASSB and further analyzes the ion transport mechanisms within CSE. CSE are primarily composed of an organic polymer matrix, inorganic fillers, and sodium salts in specific ratios. The polar groups (i.e., -S-, C≡N, -O-, C=O) present in the polymer form group-ion complexes with the dissolved sodium salt. Within the amorphous regions, individual segments of the polymer chains exhibit relative freedom to rotate and bend, facilitating the movement of group-ion complexes within a limited spatial domain. As the chain segments reposition themselves appropriately, the group-ion complexes on these segments begin to segregate, allowing ions to interact with the functional groups of adjacent chain segments, thereby forming new group-ion complexes. This process is reiterated to facilitate ion transport. It is widely accepted that Na+ conduction predominantly occurs in the amorphous phase regions of the polymers above the glass transition temperature. In addition to these amorphous regions, certain crystalline domains exist within the polymers. In inorganic solid electrolytes, ionic hopping migration serves as the primary ion transport mechanism, which are largely affected by defects within the crystal lattice. The complexity of the interfacial region is further compounded in the presence of inorganic fillers that possess highly reactive surface defects, which readily interact with the polymer matrix. Two main explanations for ion transport in the interfacial region are proposed, i.e., 1) the interaction between the functional groups on the surfaces of the inorganic fillers and the polymer matrix, as well as the sodium salt, which weakens the interaction between the polymer matrix and Na+, resulting in a higher concentration of free Na+ on the filler surfaces and the formation of ion-transport channels, and 2) the space charge layer effect arises from the disparity in Na+ concentration between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix, as well as the electrochemical potential difference. This results in the spontaneous formation of a Na+-rich space charge region, which serves as an efficient channel for Na+ transport. Solid electrolytes, including oxides and sulfides, are commonly utilized as active fillers, wherein the Na+ transport mechanisms encompass both vacancy and interstitial mechanisms.

Based on their ionic conductivity, fillers are classified into inert fillers and active fillers. Inert fillers include Al2O3, ZnO, TiO2, SiO2, Y2O3, ZrO2, MgO, and BaTiO3, while active fillers encompass NASICON-type, calcite-type, and sulfide solid electrolytes. Fillers are further categorized by their shape and dimension into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) structures. Modifying the chemical properties of the filler surface enhances compatibility and interfacial bonding between the filler and the polymer matrix and allows for the modulation of ionic transport pathways within the electrolyte, significantly impacting overall electrochemical performance. Graft copolymers serve as interfacial modifiers, interacting with both the polymer and the filler to markedly improve interfacial bonding and enhance ionic conductivity. This strategy also mitigates the aggregation of fillers, which arises from the disparity in surface energy between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the quantity of inorganic filler added plays a crucial role in ionic transport within CSE, making it essential to clarify the relationship between the amount of inorganic filler and ionic conductivity to effectively regulate ionic transport.

Summary and prospects

Composite solid electrolytes (CSE), which consist of a polymer matrix combined with inorganic fillers, leverage the advantages of both solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) and inorganic solid electrolytes, offering promising prospects for practical applications. However, the development and implementation of CSE are still in their early stages, revealing a significant gap between their existing performance and application requirements, necessitating further enhancements. To address this, CSE with specific morphologies and microstructures must be designed to improve the connectivity of ion migration channels, facilitating efficient ion transport. An effective interfacial conductive network can be established via carefully controlling the ratio, size, dispersion, and other characteristics of the inorganic fillers, significantly enhancing ionic conductivity. The strategic application of simulation and characterization techniques to elucidate the ion transport mechanisms within CSE is crucial for advancing the performance of these materials. Lastly, to lower the costs associated with ASSB, the fabrication process of CSE should be streamlined to be simple, time-efficient, and material-saving, while also being compatible with the existing battery production lines to enhance the practicality.

all solid-state sodium batteries  /  composite solid electrolyte  /  inorganic fillers  /  interfacial modification
杨守猛, 唐仪, 陈馨, 张旭, 杨洋, 芮先宏. 固态钠电池有机-无机复合固态电解质的离子输运与界面调控. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (4) : 895 -909 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240742
Shoumeng YANG, Yi TANG, Xin CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yang YANG, Xianhong RUI. Ionic Transport and Interface Regulation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Sodium Batteries[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (4) : 895 -909 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240742
  • 国家自然科学基金(52222210)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240742
  • 接收时间:2024-11-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-21
  • 修回日期:2024-12-13
基金
国家自然科学基金(52222210)
作者信息
    广东工业大学材料与能源学院,广州 510006

通讯作者:

杨洋(1991—),女,博士,讲师;
芮先宏(1985—),男,博士,教授。
参考文献
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