硅酸盐学报

高强度硅化石墨复合材料的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

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薛蓉 ¹ , 黄睿 ² , 罗龙飞 ¹ , 严钰轩 ¹ , 王继平 ³

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(9): 2687-2695

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (9) : 2687 -2695

高强度硅化石墨复合材料的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

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薛蓉¹, 黄睿², 罗龙飞¹, 严钰轩¹, 王继平³

作者信息

^1．西安航天复合材料研究所，陕西省航天复合材料重点实验室，西安 710025

^2．航天军代局驻西安某部，西安

^3．西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院，金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安 710049

通讯作者:

王继平（1978—），男，副教授

作者简介:

薛蓉（1995—），女，博士。

Fabrication and Tribological Properties of High Strength Silicified Graphite Composites

Rong XUE¹, Rui HUANG², Longfei LUO¹, Yuxuan YAN¹, Jiping WANG³

Affiliations

^1.Xi'an Aerospace Composite Research Institute, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Aerospace Composites, Xi'an 710025, China

^2.A Certain Unit of The Military Space Force Stationed Xi'an, Xian

^3.State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China

Corresponding Author:

WANG Jiping (1978-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: jpwang@xjtu.edu.cn.

XUE Rong (1995-), female, Ph.D. E-mail: 2595605748@qq.com.

出版时间: 2025-09-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240733

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摘要

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以复合石墨球、纳米炭黑为碳源，PVA溶液为黏结剂，通过模压成型和反应熔渗制备出力学和自润滑性能优异的硅化石墨复合材料。研究了复合石墨球的粒径对硅化石墨复合材料的碳含量、力学性能和摩擦磨损的影响，讨论了高碳含量的硅化石墨复合材料在往复摩擦状况下的成膜机理和润滑机理。结果表明：纳米炭黑由于其更高的反应活性，在复合石墨球表面形成连续且致密的碳化硅层，有效抑制了复合石墨球与硅反应生成β-SiC。随着复合石墨球粒径增加，硅化石墨复合材料的碳含量从20.08%增加至43.03%，力学性能从151 MPa逐渐降低至96 MPa，摩擦系数和磨损率均明显降低（最低为0.11，5×10^-7 mm³·N^-1·m^-1，15 N），展现出优异的自润滑性能。硅化石墨复合材料润滑性能的提高是由表面润滑膜的形成实现的，致密且连续的润滑膜能够避免对磨材料之间的直接接触，有效降低摩擦系数和磨损率。

关键词

硅化石墨复合材料 / 反应熔渗 / 复合石墨球 / 粒径 / 摩擦磨损性能

Abstract

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Introduction

Silicified graphite composites, as a type of ceramic-based solid lubrication material, possess the superior properties of silicon carbide ceramics, such as high strength and high hardness, along with high-temperature strength, and self-lubricating performance of graphite materials. It has extensive application prospects in aerospace, chemical engineering, and nuclear energy. The reactive melting infiltration (RMI) method features near-net shape forming, a short processing cycle, and low cost, as an efficient approach for fabricating silicified graphite composites. Nevertheless, the infiltration reaction of liquid silicon into the porous carbon preform is extremely rapid after driven by reactive wetting and capillary forces, resulting in a sharp consumption of carbon. Hence, controlling the graphite content emerges as a crucial issue for the development of silicified graphite composites with superior lubrication properties. In this paper, a carbon source was fabricated through carbon source modification to prepare composite graphite spheres and coat on the surface of the composite graphite spheres with nano-carbon black. Subsequently, silicified graphite composites were prepared via compression molding and reaction melt infiltration. The carbon content of the composites was regulated via altering the particle size of the composite graphite spheres. The influence of the carbon content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the silicified graphite composites was discussed, and the film formation and lubrication mechanisms of the silicified graphite composites with a high carbon content under reciprocating friction conditions were analyzed.

Methods

Composite graphite spheres were prepared by mixing spherical graphite with liquid phenolic resin. First, the liquid phenolic resin and spherical graphite were weighed and mixed according to a mass ratio of 8∶10, and mechanically stirred at 45 ℃ for 20-30 min. It was cured at 80 ℃ for 2 h and 150 ℃ for 10 h to obtain the cured product in a drying oven. The cured product was carbonized in a tubular furnace with nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature increased to 1000 ℃ at 1 ℃·min^-1, and the heat kept for 2 h. Finally, the bulk materials were crushed and screened, and five kinds of composite graphite particles with different particle sizes were obtained. The average particle sizes of the selected composite graphite spheres were 203 µm, 153 µm, 135 µm, 105 µm and 75µm, respectively.

The composite graphite particles and nano carbon black were evenly dispersed in alcohol, and the mixed particles were obtained under magnetic stirring in a water bath at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ until dry. Subsequently, prefabricated 5% PVA solution was added to the dry mixed particles as a binder, and after being mixed evenly, the porous carbon preform was formed at 10 MPa for 30 s. The porous carbon preforms reacted with liquid silicon at 1550 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the silicified graphite composites. According to the size of the composite graphite spheres from large to small, the silicified graphite composites were labeled as samples GS-NCB-1, GS-NCB-2, GS-NCB-3, GS-NCB-4 and GS-NCB-5, respectively.

Results and discussion

The introduction of nano-sized carbon black facilitates to the protection of carbon phase. The carbon content of the composites fabricated with the composite graphite particles coated by nano-sized carbon black obviously increases, compared with the composites without nano-sized carbon black. This is because that nano-sized carbon black with a higher reactivity forms a continuous and dense silicon carbide layer on the surface of the composite graphite powders, which effectively inhibits the reaction between the composite graphite powders and silicon to form β-SiC. In addition, the increase of particle size of the composite graphite particles has a positive effect on the carbon content of the silicified graphite composites. The carbon content of silicified graphite composites increases from 20.08% to 43.03%, the mechanical properties gradually decreases from 151 MPa to 96 MPa and the friction coefficient and wear rate reduce (the minimum: 0.11, 5×10^-7 mm^3·N^-1·m^-1, 15 N) as the particle size of composite graphite powders increases, indicating superior self-lubricating properties. The results show that the improvement in the lubricating properties of silicified graphite composites is achieved due to the formation of lubricating films. The dense and continuous lubrication film avoids a direct contact with the abrasive material and reduces the coefficient of friction and wear rate. The decrease of the mechanical properties of the silicified graphite composites is due to the increase of the soft carbon content.

Conclusions

Nano-sized carbon black layer on the surface of the composite graphite particle first contacted with liquid silicon to form a silicon carbide layer during the reactive melting process, preventing the further infiltration and reaction of liquid silicon to the composite graphite particle, playing a protective role in the composite graphite particle, and leading to the high carbon content of the silicified graphite composites.

The increase in the particle size of the composite graphite particle could improve the carbon content of the silicified graphite composites because the thickness of the silicon carbide layer after the reaction of the composite graphite particle of different particle sizes was the same, and the increase in the particle size could reduce the specific surface area of the porous carbon preform, thereby reducing the reaction contact area with liquid silicon. The silicon carbide content reduced and the carbon content increased.

The improvement of lubrication performance of silicified graphite composites was achieved due to the formation of surface lubrication film. The dense and continuous lubrication film could avoid a direct contact between grinding materials, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction and wear rate.

Key words

silicified graphite composites / reactive melting infiltration / composite graphite powder / particle size / tribological properties

引用本文

薛蓉, 黄睿, 罗龙飞, 严钰轩, 王继平. 高强度硅化石墨复合材料的制备及其摩擦磨损性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (9) : 2687 -2695 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240733

Rong XUE, Rui HUANG, Longfei LUO, Yuxuan YAN, Jiping WANG. Fabrication and Tribological Properties of High Strength Silicified Graphite Composites[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (9) : 2687 -2695 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240733

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2025年第53卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240733

接收时间：2024-11-14
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-09-20

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收稿日期：2024-11-14
修回日期：2024-12-24

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作者信息

^1．西安航天复合材料研究所，陕西省航天复合材料重点实验室，西安 710025

^2．航天军代局驻西安某部，西安

^3．西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院，金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安 710049

通讯作者:

王继平（1978—），男，副教授

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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