硅酸盐学报

基于南海岛礁暴露试验的混凝土服役寿命

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高宇宁 ¹ , 朱海威 ¹ , 余红发 ¹ , 麻海燕 ¹ , 达波 ² , 梅其泉 ³ , 韩向辉 ¹ , 李增壮 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(5): 1177-1192

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (5) : 1177 -1192

基于南海岛礁暴露试验的混凝土服役寿命

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高宇宁¹, 朱海威¹, 余红发¹, 麻海燕¹, 达波², 梅其泉³, 韩向辉¹, 李增壮¹

作者信息

^1．南京航空航天大学民航学院，南京 211106

^2．河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院，南京 210098

^3．三江学院土木工程学院，南京 210012

通讯作者:

朱海威（1990—），男，博士，工程师；

余红发（1964—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

高宇宁（1997—），女，博士研究生。

Service Life of High-Performance Concretes Based on Durability Exposure Test of Islands and Reefs in the South China Sea

Yuning GAO¹, Haiwei ZHU¹, Hongfa YU¹, Haiyan MA¹, Bo DA², Qiquan MEI³, Xianghui HAN¹, Zengzhuang LI¹

Affiliations

^1.Department of Civil and Airport Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

^2.School of Port, Coast and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

^3.School of Civil Engineering, San Jiang University, Nanjing 210012, China

Corresponding Author:

ZHU Haiwei (1990-), male, Ph.D., Engineer. E-mail: zhuhaiwei@nuaa.edu.cn;

YU Hongfa (1964-), male, Ph.D., Professor. yuhongfa@nuaa.edu.cn

GAO Yuning (1997-), female, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: Gaoyuning@nuaa.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240664

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摘要

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南海岛礁相比于普通沿海地区，其环境更加恶劣。随着中国对南海岛礁的开发，南海岛礁严酷环境下钢筋混凝土的耐久性研究至关重要。通过在南海岛礁地区建立长期暴露试验站，结合实验室测试和现场暴露试验，研究了不同钢筋阻锈剂和混凝土强度等级对钢筋锈蚀及钢筋混凝土结构力学性能的影响。通过长期暴露试验和实验室测试，评估了混凝土的耐久性，并运用寿命预测模型（ChaDuraLife Model）进行了结构寿命预测。结果表明：内掺SBT-KLJ（Ⅳ）疏水化合孔栓物（HPA）阻锈剂的混凝土试件在侵蚀1227 d后，钢筋自然腐蚀电位（E_corr）出现正移，钢筋表面钝化膜稳定性增强。掺加HPA的混凝土试件在侵蚀365 d至730 d期间极化阻抗（R_p）持续增大，呈现较好的防腐效果。在岛礁氯离子侵蚀环境下，通过添加HPA，混凝土表面的氯离子含量（C_s）相比不掺阻锈剂的混凝土能够降低近59.9%。基于实验室实验及暴露站现场测试条件，使用ChaDuraLife寿命预测模型进行计算，结果显示，在南海岛礁极端环境下，内掺阻锈剂或提高混凝土强度等级均能有效提高钢筋混凝土结构的服役寿命。其中，内掺阻锈剂效果较为明显，保护层厚度50 mm，混凝土强度等级为C40时，计算结果显示，失效概率为5%时，内掺阻锈剂可以使混凝土服役寿命提升至20 a以上，其中HPA阻锈剂在南海岛礁恶劣环境下有效延长混凝土寿命达50 a。为南海岛礁工程混凝土结构的设计和寿命预测提供了科学依据。

关键词

南海岛礁暴露站 / 钢筋混凝土 / 电化学 / 阻锈剂 / 寿命预测

Abstract

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Introduction

The South China Sea islands and reefs have emerged as key regions with far-reaching implications in multiple domains, including national defense, maritime trade, resource exploration, and ecological conservation. The rapid expansion of infrastructure in this area has made concrete structures the predominant choice due to their versatility and strength. However, the local environment presents an array of formidable challenges. The durability of these structures is thus under constant threat, with potential consequences for the integrity and functionality of the entire infrastructure network. Understanding and enhancing the durability of concrete structures in such a harsh environment is not only essential for the immediate success of ongoing projects but also for the long-term sustainable development and strategic positioning of the South China Sea islands and reefs.

Methods

To comprehensively study the durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures in the South China Sea islands and reefs environment, a long-term exposure test station was established in this area. This test station was designed to closely simulate the actual environmental conditions of the South China Sea islands and reefs, providing reliable test conditions for studying the durability of concrete structures.

In the experiment, different types of concrete specimens and components were prepared. These included specimens with different corrosion inhibitors and different concrete strength grades. Electrochemical tests were carried out to monitor the corrosion status of reinforcing bars. The natural corrosion potential and polarization resistance of the reinforcing bars were measured using advanced electrochemical testing equipment. Mechanical property tests were also performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of the concrete structures. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength tests were conducted on the concrete specimens and components. Chloride ion content analysis was carried out to understand the penetration and distribution of chloride ions in the concrete. The ChaDuraLife model was used for service life prediction. This model takes into account various factors such as chloride ion diffusion, concrete strength, and environmental conditions to predict the service life of the concrete structures.

Results and discussion

The experimental results showed that different corrosion inhibitors had different effects on the corrosion of reinforcing bars in concrete. The SBT-KLJ(Ⅳ) hydrophobic pore-filling agent (HPA) exhibited excellent anti-corrosion performance. After 1227 d of corrosion, the natural corrosion potential of the steel bars in the concrete specimens with HPA shifted positively, and the polarization resistance continuously increased during the erosion period from 365 d to 730 d. In the chloride ion erosion environment of the islands and reefs, adding HPA reduced the chloride ion content on the concrete surface by approximately 59.9% compared to concrete without the corrosion inhibitor.

The mechanical property tests of the concrete components after on-site exposure experiments indicated that the durability of concrete structures with different strength grades varied significantly. C80 concrete showed better resistance to seawater erosion and mechanical properties than C50 concrete. The service life prediction results based on the ChaDuraLife model demonstrated that adding a rust inhibitor or increasing the concrete strength grade could effectively extend the service life of the reinforced concrete structure in the splash zone environment of the South China Sea islands and reefs. The HPA rust inhibitor was particularly effective, and under certain conditions, it could extend the service life of the concrete structure to over 50 years.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the research findings have several important implications. The HPA corrosion inhibitor has demonstrated excellent long-term stability and anti-corrosion performance in the South China Sea islands and reefs environment. Its ability to enhance the electrochemical stability of reinforcing bars and reduce chloride ion permeability makes it a preferred choice for marine engineering applications. The significant improvement in the durability of concrete structures with HPA inhibitor has been clearly established through experimental and modeling results. The differences in durability among different strength grades of concrete highlight the importance of appropriate material selection for the specific demands of the South China Sea islands and reefs infrastructure. C80 concrete's superior performance in terms of chloride ion resistance and mechanical properties indicates its suitability for critical structures where enhanced durability is required. The comparison with the national standard emphasizes the need for further research and innovation to develop more effective strategies for improving the durability of reinforced concrete in this harsh environment. This could involve exploring new admixtures, optimizing concrete mix designs, or enhancing construction and maintenance practices. The data and insights obtained from this study provide a solid foundation for future research and engineering applications, guiding the design and construction of more durable concrete structures in the South China Sea islands and reefs. Ultimately, these efforts will contribute to the long-term safety and functionality of the infrastructure in this strategically important region.

Key words

South China Sea reef exposure station / reinforced concrete / electrochemistry / rust inhibitor / life prediction

引用本文

高宇宁, 朱海威, 余红发, 麻海燕, 达波, 梅其泉, 韩向辉, 李增壮. 基于南海岛礁暴露试验的混凝土服役寿命. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1177 -1192 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240664

Yuning GAO, Haiwei ZHU, Hongfa YU, Haiyan MA, Bo DA, Qiquan MEI, Xianghui HAN, Zengzhuang LI. Service Life of High-Performance Concretes Based on Durability Exposure Test of Islands and Reefs in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1177 -1192 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240664

基金

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国家自然科学基金(51878350; 51678304和11832013)

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2025年第53卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240664

接收时间：2024-10-19
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-05-20

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收稿日期：2024-10-19
修回日期：2024-12-23

基金

国家自然科学基金(51878350; 51678304和11832013)

作者信息

^1．南京航空航天大学民航学院，南京 211106

^2．河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院，南京 210098

^3．三江学院土木工程学院，南京 210012

通讯作者:

朱海威（1990—），男，博士，工程师；

余红发（1964—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240664

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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