硅酸盐学报

反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷研究进展

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张巍 ¹ , 张金 ² , 段春雷 ³ , 耿浩 ⁴ , 韩阳 ⁵

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2025,53(3): 675-687

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2025 , 53 (3) : 675 -687

反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷研究进展

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张巍¹, 张金², 段春雷³, 耿浩⁴, 韩阳⁵

作者信息

^1．中国科学院金属研究所，沈阳材料科学国家研究中心，沈阳 110016

^2．中国机械总院集团沈阳铸造研究所有限公司，高端装备铸造技术全国重点实验室，沈阳 110022

^3．宁夏机械研究院股份有限公司新材料分公司，银川 750001

^4．北京京华知联专利代理事务所（普通合伙），北京 100083

^5．大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁大连 116024

作者简介:

张巍（1982—），男，博士，副研究员。

Progress on B₄C-SiC Ceramics Prepared by Reaction Sintering

Wei ZHANG¹, Jin ZHANG², Chunlei DUAN³, Hao GENG⁴, Yang HAN⁵

Affiliations

^1.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

^2.China Academy of Machinery Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies, Shenyang 110022

^3.Advanced Material Branch Company, Ningxia Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750001, China

^4.Beijing Jinghua Zhilian Patent Office (general partnership), Beijing 100083, China

^5.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China

ZHANG Wei (1982-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: cnzhangwei2008@126.com

出版时间: 2025-03-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240430

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摘要

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反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷具有烧结温度低、烧结时间短、制品无收缩、硬度高、断裂韧性高等优点，在机械、航天、航空、军工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷的烧结机理及特点，并对反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷的微观结构特征以及影响反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷力学性能的因素进行了全面的综述。最后，对反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷的发展趋势进行了总结和展望，期望为未来反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷的研制与应用提供参考。

关键词

碳化硼-碳化硅 / 反应烧结 / 微观结构 / 力学性能

Abstract

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Boron carbide-silicon carbide (B₄C-SiC) ceramics have the performance of B₄C and SiC, which have low density, high melting point, high hardness, high elastic modulus, good wear resistance, high thermal tolerance, excellent chemical stability, etc.. Compared with B₄C ceramics, B₄C-SiC ceramics possess a higher fracture toughness and a lower cost. Compared with SiC ceramics, B₄C-SiC ceramics have a higher hardness and a lower density. B₄C-SiC ceramics can be widely used in modern high-technology industries, such as aerospace, military, mechanical and automotive engineering, chemical industry, nuclear energy, high-temperature thermoelectric conversion, tribology, aviation, etc. due to their outstanding properties. In particular, the materials with the combination of high hardness and low density are more desirable than the materials without this characteristic. B₄C-SiC ceramics are suitable for use as lightweight structural materials and rotating tribo-components.

Despite numerous advantages, B₄C-SiC ceramics are difficult to sinter to obtain high densification because of the high covalent bond ratios of both B₄C and SiC. The existing preparation methods of B₄C-SiC ceramics mainly include pressureless sintering, hot-press sintering, and spark plasma sintering. Although these methods can produce dense B₄C-SiC ceramics with a good performance, the sintering temperature is relatively high. In order to reduce the sintering temperature of B₄C-SiC ceramics, the reaction sintering method is developed to produce B₄C-SiC ceramics. The preparation method of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics is similar to that of SiC ceramics produced by reaction sintering, in which the molten Si with an appropriate fluidity infiltrates into a porous green/partially sintered body composed of only B₄C, the mixture of B₄C and free C, B₄C-SiC-C, or B₄C-SiC powders at high temperatures. The molten Si infiltrated reacts with C either from free C or B₄C to form SiC, the reaction leads to a volume expansion occupying partial pores in the preform. The remaining excess pores in the preform are filled with molten Si after the reaction, making the reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics dense. The preparation of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics is actually an in-situ chemical reaction. For the characteristics of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics, B₄C, SiC formed, and residual Si particles can interconnect into a uniform and intense three-dimensional network at low sintering temperatures without any applied pressure, and near-net shaped products with zero shrinkage can be produced. Also, fine reactive starting powders capable of being densified are not required, thus reducing the cost of raw materials.

The preparation method of reaction sintering is different from other preparation methods to obtain B₄C-SiC ceramics. The microstructure of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics has its own characteristics. The core-rim structure occurs in the reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics. Firstly, B₄C cores surrounded by a thick B₁₂(B, C, Si)₃ envelope are formed, and there is an intense bonding between B₄C and B₁₂(B, C, Si)₃. Until now, there is still a heated debate on the formation mechanisms responsible for B₁₂(B, C, Si)₃ rim. The core-rim structure of B₄C is formed in B₄C-SiC ceramics produced via a conventional reaction sintering route. However, there is no core-rim structure of B₄C in the reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics prepared by microwaves assisted processing method in Ar-H₂ atmosphere. Secondly, When the preform containing α-SiC is used to prepare the reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics, the core-rim structure of primary α-SiC surrounded by secondary β-SiC rim also appears besides the core-rim structure of B₄C surrounded by B₁₂(B, C, Si)₃ rim., SiC grains with different morphologies, i.e., plate-like shape and polygonal shape, can be in-situ generated via depending on the carbon source.

The mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics are crucial for their applications, which are affected by many factors, such as phase composition and content, microstructure, raw materials, sintering temperature, etc.. The ratio of B₄C to SiC affects the mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics. Moreover, there is some residual phases in the resulting B₄C-SiC ceramics, eventually in the presence of excessive C or Si. The addition of excessive C in the green body will lead to insufficient Si to completely react with C, forming residual C. In contrast, residual Si is formed when free C added is insufficient or Si is excessive. The presence of C or Si is not conducive to the mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics. The mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics are related to their microstructure. The morphology and size of grains as well as the characteristics of grain boundaries directly determine the mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics. The kinds and purity of raw materials and the sintering temperature also have an impact on the mechanical properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics.

Summary and prospects

The preparation of B₄C-SiC ceramics via reaction sintering is a low-cost method, and this route is suitable for large-sized and complex-shaped products. Although significant progress is achieved in the preparation of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics, some challenges still remain in the scientific research and practical application. The reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics have reached the industrial production stage; however, the residual Si phase with low hardness and stiffness contained in the B₄C-SiC ceramics can lead to a decrease in the performance, restricting their applications in the high-temperature field. New methods and processes still need to be explored to produce low Si or Si free reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics. The formation mechanism of the microstructure of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics and its effect on the mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC ceramics are unclear yet, and the further in-depth exploration is needed through theoretical calculations and characterization techniques. The existing investigation for reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics mostly focuses on conventional mechanical properties evaluation, and other mechanical properties are seldom reported. The impact strength and tribological properties of reaction sintered B₄C-SiC ceramics also need to be investigated deeply.

Key words

boron carbide-silicon carbide / reaction sintering / microstructure / mechanical property

引用本文

张巍, 张金, 段春雷, 耿浩, 韩阳. 反应烧结B₄C-SiC陶瓷研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (3) : 675 -687 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240430

Wei ZHANG, Jin ZHANG, Chunlei DUAN, Hao GENG, Yang HAN. Progress on B₄C-SiC Ceramics Prepared by Reaction Sintering[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (3) : 675 -687 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240430

基金

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辽宁省自然科学基金(2022-MS-013)
中国科学院金属研究所自主部署项目(E255L401)
沈阳材料科学国家研究中心青年人才项目(E21SL412)

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2025年第53卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240430

接收时间：2024-06-28
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-03-20

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收稿日期：2024-06-28
修回日期：2024-07-19

基金

辽宁省自然科学基金(2022-MS-013)

中国科学院金属研究所自主部署项目(E255L401)

沈阳材料科学国家研究中心青年人才项目(E21SL412)

作者信息

^1．中国科学院金属研究所，沈阳材料科学国家研究中心，沈阳 110016

^2．中国机械总院集团沈阳铸造研究所有限公司，高端装备铸造技术全国重点实验室，沈阳 110022

^3．宁夏机械研究院股份有限公司新材料分公司，银川 750001

^4．北京京华知联专利代理事务所（普通合伙），北京 100083

^5．大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁大连 116024

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240430

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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