硅酸盐学报

管式固体氧化物燃料电池技术进展

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陈汝妍 ¹ , 高九涛 ¹ , 高圆 ¹ , 张惠宇 ¹ , 李成新 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 氢能储能专题—综合评述 2024,52(6): 1900-1916

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硅酸盐学报 |氢能储能专题—综合评述 2024 , 52 (6) : 1900 -1916

管式固体氧化物燃料电池技术进展

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陈汝妍¹, 高九涛¹, 高圆¹, 张惠宇¹, 李成新¹^,²

作者信息

^1．西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安 710049

^2．山东冰轮海卓氢能技术研究院有限公司，山东烟台 264002

通讯作者:

李成新（1974—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

陈汝妍（1998—），女，博士研究生。

Development of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Technology

Ruyan CHEN¹, Jiutao GAO¹, Yuan GAO¹, Huiyu ZHANG¹, Chengxin LI¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China

^2.Shandong Moon Hydrogen Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yantai 264002, Shandong, China

Corresponding Author:

LI Chengxin (1974-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: licx@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

CHEN Ruyan (1998-), female, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 1074421277@qq.com

出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240102

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摘要

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管式固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的结构特征决定了其高温密封难度低于板式结构，特殊的管式SOFC结构设计可以完全解决高温密封难题，尤其是在一个管上进行多个单电池串联集成设计的管式SOFC结构，其一个电池管相当于一个小型电堆，具有独特的高电压小电流的输出特征，可显著降低管式电池的欧姆极化损失。管式SOFC的密封难度降低使得管式电池组堆相对容易，且电堆运行中的热应力约束较小，有助于电堆长期稳定运行。与板式电池相比，其体积功率密度和输出电流密度在同等条件下相对较低。本文综述了国内外管式SOFC的典型结构设计，通过管式SOFC的几何结构与电池支撑体的材料类型进行了分类，包括按电池支撑材料分类的阳极支撑型、阴极支撑型、陶瓷管支撑型、金属/金属陶瓷支撑型，按照管式SOFC的几何形状分类的圆管多节、扁管多节，单节圆管及单节扁管结构。同时综述了管式SOFC的常用材料及常用制备方法，最后对管式SOFC的发展进行了展望。

关键词

管式固体氧化物燃料电池 / 支撑材料 / 几何结构 / 制备方法 / 电堆

Abstract

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a power generation device that can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, which has a high power generation efficiency. Compared with the conventional power generation mode, the use of the SOFC to generate electricity can greatly reduce the environmental pollution. Solid oxide fuel cells can be divided into tubular and flat plate types according to their structure. The structural characteristics of SOFC determine that its high temperature sealing difficulty is lower than that of plate structure, and the special tubular SOFC structure design can completely solve the high-temperature sealing problem, especially in the tubular SOFC structure with multiple single cells in series integrated design on one battery tube. One battery tube is equivalent to a small stack with unique output characteristics of a high voltage and a low current, which can significantly reduce the ohmic polarization loss of tubular cells. The reduced sealing difficulty of tubular SOFC makes the tubular battery stack relatively easy, and the thermal stress constraint in the operation of the stack is small, which is conducive to the long-term stable operation of the stack. Compared with plate batteries, their volumetric power density and output current density are relatively low under the same conditions. In addition, tubular SOFC can be also operated under pressure due to its good sealing characteristics, further improving the power generation efficiency. After continuous development, significant breakthroughs in the technology of tubular SOFC are mode, especially for establishing kilowatt level SOFC power generation systems and achieving commercialization. Most of the single tube batteries used are multi-cell structures. The development of SOFC technology starts relatively late in China, so although it is commercialized, it is mostly a single tube single cell structure, and there is little research on multiple cells. This review represented the typical structural design of tubular SOFC, and classified the geometry of tubular SOFC and the material types of battery supports, including anode supported type, cathode supported type, ceramic tube supported type, and metal/cermet supported type according to the battery support materials. The bamboo round tube, bamboo flat tube, single-section round tube and single-section flat tube structure were classified according to the geometry of the tubular SOFC. Also, a small-sized microtubule SOFC was introduced, having a higher power density, compared to large-sized tubular batteries due to their smaller size. Also, the common materials and preparation methods of tubular SOFC were reviewed, for instance, high-temperature sintering method and spraying method. Finally, the further development on tubular SOFC was prospected.

Summary and Prospects

The main feature of tubular SOFC is its relatively easy high-temperature sealing performance and low thermal stress during stack integration and operation. Each type of tubular battery structures has its own unique characteristics. In general, multi-section tubular structures are more suitable for the construction of high-power power plants, while single section tubular batteries are more suitable for small systems. At present, regardless of the structure of a single cell, there is already a relatively mature material system that can achieve a stable battery performance. The existing work mainly focus on the development and preparation of new materials, process optimization, and the development of different hydrocarbon fuel cells. Among the tubular battery supports, round tube multi-section and flat tube multi-section batteries are more suitable for single tube high-power output. The mainstream of this multi-section design battery is a single tube output of over 100 W, which is more suitable for large distributed functional systems. In addition, tubular batteries with metal or metal ceramic support structures can significantly improve the startup speed of SOFC. Tubular batteries can also be used as electrolytic cells due to the reversible structure of SOFC and SOEC. This type of battery with a fast start-up speed is more suitable for coupling with photovoltaic and wind power, achieving an efficient energy utilization. For cylindrical multi-cell batteries, one battery tube is equivalent to a stack, so the manufacturing process of tubular batteries is relatively complex, and their commercialization process lags behind that of flat panel batteries. For battery stacks, there are some issues such as battery array arrangement, heat exchange, and airflow distribution. At present, there are not many publicly reported experimental data, a further experimental research is thus needed. Although there are still some challenges for tubular SOFC, the performance, stability, and reliability of SOFC can be improved through the development of novel materials and technological innovations, thereby enhancing their application prospects in the field of sustainable energy and enabling commercial SOFC technology to be implemented.

Key words

tubular solid oxide fuel cell / support materials / geometry / preparation method / stacks

引用本文

陈汝妍, 高九涛, 高圆, 张惠宇, 李成新. 管式固体氧化物燃料电池技术进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2024 , 52 (6) : 1900 -1916 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240102

Ruyan CHEN, Jiutao GAO, Yuan GAO, Huiyu ZHANG, Chengxin LI. Development of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Technology[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024 , 52 (6) : 1900 -1916 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240102

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001400)

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2024年第52卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240102

接收时间：2024-02-01
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2024-06-20

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收稿日期：2024-02-01
修回日期：2024-03-06

基金

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001400)

作者信息

^1．西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安 710049

^2．山东冰轮海卓氢能技术研究院有限公司，山东烟台 264002

通讯作者:

李成新（1974—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240102

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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