Article(id=1319973065522528846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230858, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699372800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-08, revisedDate=1702137600000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792635702734, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792635702734, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792635702734, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792635702734, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319973019079000285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2024', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='1171', pageEnd='1476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713542400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792635691661, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792641833008, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319998777822396474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319998777822396475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1392, endPage=1402, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319973065723855439, articleId=1319973065522528846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Phase Boundary Modulation and Energy Storage Properties of NaNbO3-Based Ceramics, columnId=1321894869182828764, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Dielectric Energy Storage Materials—Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction

Lead-free sodium niobate (NaNbO3) based ceramics with a superior energy storage density have attracted recent attention in high power dielectric energy storage applications. However, a pure NaNbO3 (NN) ceramic exhibits a square-like square hysteresis loop associating with a large hysteresis and a high remnant polarization at room temperature, leading to a high energy dissipation. In general, stabilizing the antiferroelectricity in NN ceramic is one of the effective measures to solve the problems above. However, despite efforts are made on this measure, the large hysteresis is still kept due to the existence of antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. The compositions in the phase boundary region usually exhibit abnormally enhanced electrical properties and relaxation characteristics, thus constructing a phase boundary region in NN through composition modulation is another promising method. Moreover, sodium element volatilizes inevitably during the high-temperature and long-time sintering process, giving rise to a poor sintering quality in NN system, which is not beneficial to achieving superior energy storage performance. In this paper, (1-x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3 (NN-CT100x, 0.08≤x≤0.18) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state method with CuO as a sintering aid. The phase structure and polymorphic phase boundary in NN-CT100x system were investigated, and the energy storage performance of compositions in the phase boundary region was analyzed.

Materials and method

For the synthesis of NN-CT100x powder, Na2CO3 (≥99.8%, in mass fraction, the same below), Nb2O5 (≥99.9%), CaCO3 (≥99.0%), TiO2 (≥98.0%) and CuO (≥99.0%) were used as raw materials (Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China). The raw materials were weighed/mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio and ground with anhydrous ethanol in a ball mill with zirconia balls for 12 h. After dried and sieved, the powder was calcined at 900 ℃ for 6 h. The calcined powders were mixed with 1.5% (in mole fraction) of CuO as a sintering aid and further ground for 12 h. The ground powder was hand-pressed into discs with the diameter of 7 mm and the thickness of 1.2 mm and then further densified by cold isostatic pressing at 300 MPa for 30 min. The NN-CT100x discs were sintered at 1 050-1 250 ℃ for 2 h.

Results and discussion

Based on the results by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and dielectric behavior, an 'antiferroelectric P phase (orthorhombic, Pbma)-ferroelectric INC phase-paraelectric CT phase (orthorhombic, Pbnm)' polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) region exists as 0.09≤x≤0.16 when CaTiO3 content increases. The polarization exhibits an enhancement in compositions within this PPB region. The optimum comprehensive energy storage performance is obtained as x=0.16, having the energy storage density (Wrec) of 3.04 J/cm3 and efficiency (η) of 84.4% at 300 kV/cm, respectively. The difference between the maximum polarization (Pm) and the remnant polarization (Pr) of the NN-CT16 ceramic increases as the electric field increases, thus obtaining an admirable energy storage performance. This composition is in the PPB region and contains a few antiferroelectric phases. These antiferroelectric phases are easily transformed into ferroelectric phases at high electric fields, which η reduces from 92.4% to 77.0%. The NN-CT16 composition has a high Pm of 42.2 μC/cm2, a high Wrec of 6.1 J/cm3 and η of 77% at 590 kV/cm. For the NN-CT16 ceramic, Wrec and η both exhibit a frequency stability at 1-300 Hz, with minimal variations of <10% and <8%, respectively. Furthermore, the Wrec and η also demonstrate temperature-insensitive characteristics at 25-160 ℃, with small variations of <10% and <5%, respectively. The discharge energy density (Wdis) of the NN-CT16 ceramic increases and reaches a plateau in a short time. The t0.9 (time at which 90% of the stored energy is released) is less than 8 μs. Moreover, the t0.9 decreases with the increasing electric field or temperature, indicating the discharge rate accelerates, which is probably ascribed to domains respond quickly and switch more easily at high electric fields or high temperatures.

Conclusions

Based on the phase boundary modulation strategy, the NN-CT100x (0.08≤x≤0.18) ceramics were designed and prepared via introducing CaTiO3 into NN with CuO as a sintering aid. The polarization of the compositions in the phase boundary region was enhanced. The NN-CT16 ceramic exhibited a high maximum polarization of 42.2 μC/cm2, a high energy storage density of 6.1 J/cm3 and an energy efficiency of 77% at 590 kV/cm. It also exhibited a good frequency/temperature stability and an excellent discharge performance. This ceramic could be used as a promising dielectric energy storage material.

, authors=Fan CHANG, Gengguang LUO, Nengneng LUO, authorsList=Fan CHANG, Gengguang LUO, Nengneng LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Nengneng LUO, authorNote=

CHANG Fan (1998-), female, Master candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
LUO Nengneng (1988-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:
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铌酸钠(NaNbO3)基无铅陶瓷具有超高的储能密度,在高功率介电储能电容器领域引起了广泛关注。然而,纯NaNbO3陶瓷在室温表现为矩形形状的类铁电电滞回线,并伴随着大的回滞和高的剩余极化强度,往往导致大的能量损耗。为优化NaNbO3的储能性能,基于相界调控策略采用传统固相法制备了(1-x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3(0.08≤x≤0.18)陶瓷,并使用CuO作为助烧剂。结果表明,该体系在0.09≤x≤0.16范围内存在因晶体结构改变而引起的多晶型相界区域,其中相界组分0.84NaNbO3-0.16CaTiO3在590 kV/cm时的最大极化强度为42.2 μC/cm2,可逆储能密度达到6.1 J/cm3,储能效率为77%。同时该陶瓷表现出良好的频率和温度稳定性,以及优异的放电性能。为铌酸钠基高性能储能电容器材料的开发提供了新思路。

, authors=常凡, 罗庚光, 罗能能, authorsList=常凡, 罗庚光, 罗能能, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=罗能能, authorNote=

常凡(1998—),女,硕士研究生。

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罗能能(1988—),男,博士,教授。
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铌酸钠基陶瓷的相界调控及储能性能
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常凡 , 罗庚光 , 罗能能
硅酸盐学报 | 电介质储能材料专刊—研究论文 2024,52(4): 1392-1402
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硅酸盐学报 |电介质储能材料专刊—研究论文 2024 , 52 (4) : 1392 -1402
铌酸钠基陶瓷的相界调控及储能性能
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常凡 , 罗庚光, 罗能能
作者信息
  • 省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西大学资源环境与材料学院,南宁 530004
通讯作者:
罗能能(1988—),男,博士,教授。
作者简介:

常凡(1998—),女,硕士研究生。

Phase Boundary Modulation and Energy Storage Properties of NaNbO3-Based Ceramics
Fan CHANG , Gengguang LUO, Nengneng LUO
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LUO Nengneng (1988-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:

    CHANG Fan (1998-), female, Master candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230858
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铌酸钠(NaNbO3)基无铅陶瓷具有超高的储能密度,在高功率介电储能电容器领域引起了广泛关注。然而,纯NaNbO3陶瓷在室温表现为矩形形状的类铁电电滞回线,并伴随着大的回滞和高的剩余极化强度,往往导致大的能量损耗。为优化NaNbO3的储能性能,基于相界调控策略采用传统固相法制备了(1-x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3(0.08≤x≤0.18)陶瓷,并使用CuO作为助烧剂。结果表明,该体系在0.09≤x≤0.16范围内存在因晶体结构改变而引起的多晶型相界区域,其中相界组分0.84NaNbO3-0.16CaTiO3在590 kV/cm时的最大极化强度为42.2 μC/cm2,可逆储能密度达到6.1 J/cm3,储能效率为77%。同时该陶瓷表现出良好的频率和温度稳定性,以及优异的放电性能。为铌酸钠基高性能储能电容器材料的开发提供了新思路。

铌酸钠  /  多晶型相界  /  弛豫特性  /  储能性能
Introduction

Lead-free sodium niobate (NaNbO3) based ceramics with a superior energy storage density have attracted recent attention in high power dielectric energy storage applications. However, a pure NaNbO3 (NN) ceramic exhibits a square-like square hysteresis loop associating with a large hysteresis and a high remnant polarization at room temperature, leading to a high energy dissipation. In general, stabilizing the antiferroelectricity in NN ceramic is one of the effective measures to solve the problems above. However, despite efforts are made on this measure, the large hysteresis is still kept due to the existence of antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. The compositions in the phase boundary region usually exhibit abnormally enhanced electrical properties and relaxation characteristics, thus constructing a phase boundary region in NN through composition modulation is another promising method. Moreover, sodium element volatilizes inevitably during the high-temperature and long-time sintering process, giving rise to a poor sintering quality in NN system, which is not beneficial to achieving superior energy storage performance. In this paper, (1-x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3 (NN-CT100x, 0.08≤x≤0.18) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state method with CuO as a sintering aid. The phase structure and polymorphic phase boundary in NN-CT100x system were investigated, and the energy storage performance of compositions in the phase boundary region was analyzed.

Materials and method

For the synthesis of NN-CT100x powder, Na2CO3 (≥99.8%, in mass fraction, the same below), Nb2O5 (≥99.9%), CaCO3 (≥99.0%), TiO2 (≥98.0%) and CuO (≥99.0%) were used as raw materials (Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China). The raw materials were weighed/mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio and ground with anhydrous ethanol in a ball mill with zirconia balls for 12 h. After dried and sieved, the powder was calcined at 900 ℃ for 6 h. The calcined powders were mixed with 1.5% (in mole fraction) of CuO as a sintering aid and further ground for 12 h. The ground powder was hand-pressed into discs with the diameter of 7 mm and the thickness of 1.2 mm and then further densified by cold isostatic pressing at 300 MPa for 30 min. The NN-CT100x discs were sintered at 1 050-1 250 ℃ for 2 h.

Results and discussion

Based on the results by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and dielectric behavior, an 'antiferroelectric P phase (orthorhombic, Pbma)-ferroelectric INC phase-paraelectric CT phase (orthorhombic, Pbnm)' polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) region exists as 0.09≤x≤0.16 when CaTiO3 content increases. The polarization exhibits an enhancement in compositions within this PPB region. The optimum comprehensive energy storage performance is obtained as x=0.16, having the energy storage density (Wrec) of 3.04 J/cm3 and efficiency (η) of 84.4% at 300 kV/cm, respectively. The difference between the maximum polarization (Pm) and the remnant polarization (Pr) of the NN-CT16 ceramic increases as the electric field increases, thus obtaining an admirable energy storage performance. This composition is in the PPB region and contains a few antiferroelectric phases. These antiferroelectric phases are easily transformed into ferroelectric phases at high electric fields, which η reduces from 92.4% to 77.0%. The NN-CT16 composition has a high Pm of 42.2 μC/cm2, a high Wrec of 6.1 J/cm3 and η of 77% at 590 kV/cm. For the NN-CT16 ceramic, Wrec and η both exhibit a frequency stability at 1-300 Hz, with minimal variations of <10% and <8%, respectively. Furthermore, the Wrec and η also demonstrate temperature-insensitive characteristics at 25-160 ℃, with small variations of <10% and <5%, respectively. The discharge energy density (Wdis) of the NN-CT16 ceramic increases and reaches a plateau in a short time. The t0.9 (time at which 90% of the stored energy is released) is less than 8 μs. Moreover, the t0.9 decreases with the increasing electric field or temperature, indicating the discharge rate accelerates, which is probably ascribed to domains respond quickly and switch more easily at high electric fields or high temperatures.

Conclusions

Based on the phase boundary modulation strategy, the NN-CT100x (0.08≤x≤0.18) ceramics were designed and prepared via introducing CaTiO3 into NN with CuO as a sintering aid. The polarization of the compositions in the phase boundary region was enhanced. The NN-CT16 ceramic exhibited a high maximum polarization of 42.2 μC/cm2, a high energy storage density of 6.1 J/cm3 and an energy efficiency of 77% at 590 kV/cm. It also exhibited a good frequency/temperature stability and an excellent discharge performance. This ceramic could be used as a promising dielectric energy storage material.

sodium niobate  /  polymorphic phase boundary  /  relaxation characteristics  /  energy storage performance
常凡, 罗庚光, 罗能能. 铌酸钠基陶瓷的相界调控及储能性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2024 , 52 (4) : 1392 -1402 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230858
Fan CHANG, Gengguang LUO, Nengneng LUO. Phase Boundary Modulation and Energy Storage Properties of NaNbO3-Based Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024 , 52 (4) : 1392 -1402 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230858
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52072080)
  • 广西杰出青年基金项目(2022GXNSFFA035034)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230858
  • 接收时间:2023-11-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08
  • 修回日期:2023-12-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52072080)
广西杰出青年基金项目(2022GXNSFFA035034)
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    省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西大学资源环境与材料学院,南宁 530004

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罗能能(1988—),男,博士,教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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