Article(id=1279793085756456967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13206/j.gjgS25021501, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739548800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783056049050, onlineDateStr=2026-07-03, pubDate=1779379200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783056049050, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783056049050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783056049050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279793083097269247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, year='2026', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='88', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779379200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-22', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783056048416, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783056895775, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279796637363048955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279796637367243260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=56, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1279793087631310857, articleId=1279793085756456967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, language=EN, title=Seismic Performance of a Novel Self-Centering Energy-Dissipation Brace with Embedded U-Shaped Dampers, columnId=1279793087551619080, journalTitle=Steel Construction, columnName=Innovative Structural Systems and Structural Disaster Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To mitigate residual deformation of structures under seismic action, a novel self-centering energy-dissipation brace with embedded U-shaped dampers (U-SCEDB) is proposed. The self-centering mechanism employs combined disc springs to provide self-centering capability, while a U-shaped damper serves as the energy dissipation system. Numerical simulations were performed on the brace, and the effects of various design parameters on its hysteretic behavior were systematically evaluated through analysis of the hysteretic curves. The results indicated that the proposed U-SCEDB exhibited stable energy dissipation capacity and superior self-centering capability. Specifically, the energy dissipation capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of the brace increased with the thickness of the U-shaped damper, the length of its straight segment, and the thickness of the energy dissipation plate. Additionally, the self-centering capability was enhanced with a higher pre-tension force applied to the steel strands. Increasing the number of disc spring stacks in series significantly enhanced the ultimate deformability of the brace, but the stiffness of the disc springs decreased relatively.

, authors=Zhengxian Bai1, 2, Peng Yu1, Ziqin Jiang1, 2, Shuo Zhang1, Xiaonong Guo3, authorsList=Zhengxian Bai, Peng Yu, Ziqin Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Xiaonong Guo, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1279793092286988333, articleId=1279793085756456967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, language=CN, title=新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑抗震性能研究, columnId=1279793087702614026, journalTitle=钢结构(中英文), columnName=新型结构体系及结构防灾, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为控制地震作用下结构的残余变形,提出了一种新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑,采用组合碟簧作为自复位系统提供复位能力,将U型耗能件作为耗能系统提供耗能能力。对支撑进行数值模拟,通过其滞回曲线分析不同设计参数对支撑滞回性能的影响。结果表明:新型自复位耗能支撑具有稳定的耗能能力和良好的自复位能力,且耗能能力、支撑极限承载力随着U型件厚度、U型件平直段长度、耗能板厚度的增加而增加,自复位能力随着钢绞线预应力的增大而增强,碟簧对合组数的增加可使支撑的极限变形能力显著提高,但碟簧刚度相对下降。

, authors=白正仙1, 2, 于鹏1, 姜子钦1, 2, 张硕1, 郭小农3, authorsList=白正仙, 于鹏, 姜子钦, 张硕, 郭小农, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

白正仙,博士,副教授,主要从事新型预应力钢结构优化及防火研究。Email:

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白正仙,博士,副教授,主要从事新型预应力钢结构优化及防火研究。Email:

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Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics201746(7):1065-1080., articleTitle=Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism of self‐centering energy dissipation braces with pre‐pressed combination disc springs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279793105696178336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085756456967, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家标准化管理委员会. 碟形弹簧: GB/T 1972.1—2023[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279793105767481505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085756456967, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, 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Parametric analysis model for self-centering energy-dissipation braces

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算例名称tu/mmlu/mmts/mmF0/kNids
U-SCEDB_010200425014
U-SCEDB_15200425014
U-SCEDB_215200425014
U-SCEDB_310170425014
U-SCEDB_410230425014
U-SCEDB_510200225014
U-SCEDB_610200625014
U-SCEDB_710200420014
U-SCEDB_810200430014
U-SCEDB_910200425010
U-SCEDB_1010200425018
), ArticleFig(id=1279793100960809085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085756456967, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

自复位耗能支撑参数分析模型

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算例名称tu/mmlu/mmts/mmF0/kNids
U-SCEDB_010200425014
U-SCEDB_15200425014
U-SCEDB_215200425014
U-SCEDB_310170425014
U-SCEDB_410230425014
U-SCEDB_510200225014
U-SCEDB_610200625014
U-SCEDB_710200420014
U-SCEDB_810200430014
U-SCEDB_910200425010
U-SCEDB_1010200425018
), ArticleFig(id=1279793101057278078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085756456967, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main component dimensions for the basic FEM example

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部件名称规格/mm长度/mm数量
内管90×60×2029001
外管330×330×1529001
U型耗能件平直段200×60×104
U型耗能件弯曲段50×60×10
耗能板150×100×48
钢绞线17.8(直径)9188
碟簧200×112×12×16.256
), ArticleFig(id=1279793101132775551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085756456967, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基础算例有限元模型主要部件尺寸

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部件名称规格/mm长度/mm数量
内管90×60×2029001
外管330×330×1529001
U型耗能件平直段200×60×104
U型耗能件弯曲段50×60×10
耗能板150×100×48
钢绞线17.8(直径)9188
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新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑抗震性能研究
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白正仙 1, 2 , 于鹏 1 , 姜子钦 1, 2 , 张硕 1 , 郭小农 3
钢结构(中英文) | 新型结构体系及结构防灾 2026,41(5): 56-68
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钢结构(中英文) |新型结构体系及结构防灾 2026 , 41 (5) : 56 -68
新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑抗震性能研究
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白正仙1, 2 , 于鹏1, 姜子钦1, 2, 张硕1, 郭小农3
作者信息
  • 1北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京 100124
  • 2北京工业大学,北京市高层和大跨度预应力钢结构工程技术研究中心,北京 100124
  • 3同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海 200092
作者简介:

白正仙,博士,副教授,主要从事新型预应力钢结构优化及防火研究。Email:

Seismic Performance of a Novel Self-Centering Energy-Dissipation Brace with Embedded U-Shaped Dampers
Zhengxian Bai1, 2 , Peng Yu1, Ziqin Jiang1, 2, Shuo Zhang1, Xiaonong Guo3
Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 2Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-Rise and Large-Span Prestressed Steel Structure, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
出版时间: 2026-05-22 doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS25021501
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为控制地震作用下结构的残余变形,提出了一种新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑,采用组合碟簧作为自复位系统提供复位能力,将U型耗能件作为耗能系统提供耗能能力。对支撑进行数值模拟,通过其滞回曲线分析不同设计参数对支撑滞回性能的影响。结果表明:新型自复位耗能支撑具有稳定的耗能能力和良好的自复位能力,且耗能能力、支撑极限承载力随着U型件厚度、U型件平直段长度、耗能板厚度的增加而增加,自复位能力随着钢绞线预应力的增大而增强,碟簧对合组数的增加可使支撑的极限变形能力显著提高,但碟簧刚度相对下降。

自复位耗能支撑  /  碟簧  /  U型耗能件  /  抗震性能

To mitigate residual deformation of structures under seismic action, a novel self-centering energy-dissipation brace with embedded U-shaped dampers (U-SCEDB) is proposed. The self-centering mechanism employs combined disc springs to provide self-centering capability, while a U-shaped damper serves as the energy dissipation system. Numerical simulations were performed on the brace, and the effects of various design parameters on its hysteretic behavior were systematically evaluated through analysis of the hysteretic curves. The results indicated that the proposed U-SCEDB exhibited stable energy dissipation capacity and superior self-centering capability. Specifically, the energy dissipation capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of the brace increased with the thickness of the U-shaped damper, the length of its straight segment, and the thickness of the energy dissipation plate. Additionally, the self-centering capability was enhanced with a higher pre-tension force applied to the steel strands. Increasing the number of disc spring stacks in series significantly enhanced the ultimate deformability of the brace, but the stiffness of the disc springs decreased relatively.

self-centering energy-dissipation brace  /  disc springs  /  U-shaped damper  /  seismic performance
白正仙, 于鹏, 姜子钦, 张硕, 郭小农. 新型内嵌U型耗能件自复位耗能支撑抗震性能研究. 钢结构(中英文), 2026 , 41 (5) : 56 -68 . DOI: 10.13206/j.gjgS25021501
Zhengxian Bai, Peng Yu, Ziqin Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Xiaonong Guo. Seismic Performance of a Novel Self-Centering Energy-Dissipation Brace with Embedded U-Shaped Dampers[J]. Steel Construction, 2026 , 41 (5) : 56 -68 . DOI: 10.13206/j.gjgS25021501
近年来,我国地震活动频繁,给社会带来了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。震后建筑因残余变形过大而难以修复,这种现状促使自复位结构成为地震工程领域的研究热点1-2。自复位结构利用预应力技术或形状记忆合金(SMA),使结构在震后能够恢复至初始状态,有效降低残余变形,提升结构的可修复性3-4
自复位支撑作为自复位结构中的重要部分,也得到了广泛关注。研究者通过试验、理论模型和数值模拟等手段,探讨了该类支撑系统的滞回性能、能量耗散能力及自复位特性。Erochko等5提出了一种串联两组预应力筋的自复位摩擦耗能支撑,验证其在4%层间位移角下仍可实现完全复位。Chou等6提出一种交锚型双核自复位耗能支撑,在保持相同变形能力的同时,有效降低预应力筋张拉工作量。胡淑军等7提出了一种新型自复位SMA支撑,该支撑基于形状记忆合金的自复位性能和滑移螺杆的摩擦耗能特性,具有良好的抗震性能和自复位性能。
上述自复位耗能支撑均采用摩擦耗能机制,但摩擦面的老化可能导致耗能稳定性下降。为改善这一问题,Miller等8提出了一种基于预拉SMA杆的自复位屈曲约束支撑,以屈曲约束支撑(BRB)作为耗能系统提供更加稳定的滞回性能,并采用大直径SMA杆作为自复位系统提供自复位能力和一定的耗能能力。刘璐等9提出了一种新型自复位防屈曲支撑,该支撑结合了防屈曲支撑和自复位体系的优点,通过预应力钢绞线提供恢复力,有效控制了结构在地震作用下的残余变形,在实现良好复位效果的同时保持了较高的耗能能力。Chou等10则进一步改进交锚型支撑,将摩擦耗能装置替换为BRB,并通过大尺度支撑的拟静力试验验证其变形能力和复位能力。Wang等11也提出一种类似的支撑构造,并进一步优化支撑系统,在复位系统内外传力钢管之间放置耗能内芯,减少了额外约束部件。张艳霞等12提出了一种可更换软钢的自复位耗能支撑,其内芯与约束管之间采用螺栓连接,有效提高了维护便利性。此外,有研究表明带有U形钢板的耗能支撑具有高耗能能力以及良好的低周疲劳性能的优势13-16,能够显著提高结构的抗震性能。Qu等17提出一种由可更换U型钢板组成的新型阻尼器,试验研究表明该阻尼器具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力。Zheng等18提出了一种环型弯曲钢板阻尼器并对其进行了理论分析、循环加载试验研究,结果表明该阻尼器无明显损伤,具有良好的耗能能力。Anila等19提出一种将U型钢板作为耗能系统的自复位支撑,数值模拟表明该支撑耗能能力良好,并且在地震作用下能够有效减少残余变形,展现出良好的自复位性能。Jia等20提出了一种采用U形钢板提供耗能能力,预压碟簧提供自复位性能的新型自复位耗能支撑,该支撑具有典型的旗帜形滞回特征、优异的残余位移控制能力及可调节的耗能性能,试验与数值模拟验证了其在高烈度地震下对结构残余位移的有效控制。Jiang等21提出了一种带波纹板的U形阻尼器,研究表明该阻尼器初始刚度显著提高,能量耗散能力增强。
此外,采用预压碟簧提供复位能力的自复位耗能支撑近年来也引起了研究人员的广泛关注。Dong等22提出了一种预压碟簧自复位屈曲约束支撑,以BRB为支撑提供耗能能力,具有良好的变形及复位能力。韩强等23提出了一种内嵌碟簧型自复位防屈曲支撑,该支撑在保持传统防屈曲支撑耗能性能的同时兼具自复位性能,有效控制了残余变形,是一种性能稳定的结构减震元件。徐龙河等24研发了一种装配式自复位耗能支撑,具有良好的自复位性能和稳定的耗能能力,能够有效减少残余变形。贾俊峰等25提出了一种由组合碟簧提供恢复力、U形钢板实现耗能的自复位支撑,揭示了U形钢板宽度与弹簧预压力对耗能能力和自复位性能的影响,为可更换自复位支撑的工程优化提供了理论依据。Yan等26采用黏滞阻尼器作为耗能部件,提出了一种全装配的自复位黏滞阻尼耗能支撑。Chou等27则在其研发的双核自复位摩擦耗能支撑28基础上引入碟形弹簧,进一步提出了一种可调初始刚度的自复位摩擦耗能支撑。由于高强钢环簧可同时提供恢复力和耗能能力,简化支撑构造,为此,Wang等29提出了一种高强钢环簧自复位耗能支撑,利用环簧组间的接触摩擦实现其耗能能力。Fang等30提出了一种将以SMA材料制作的环簧外环与高强钢环簧内环相结合的支撑,有效提升了其变形能力。
本文在上述研究基础上,基于震后可恢复理念和结构抗震性能的需要,提出了一种新型自复位耗能支撑,采用施加预压力的组合碟簧作为自复位系统,通过U型耗能件的塑性变形实现耗能。首先,本文阐述了支撑的构造及工作机理。然后,运用有限元软件建立了支撑的有限元模型,并对11个算例进行滞回性能分析。最后,通过参数分析研究了支撑关键构造参数对其极限承载能力和复位性能的影响。
新型自复位耗能支撑的构造见图1,由1个耗能系统和2个自复位系统三部分组成。耗能系统主要由U型钢板及耗能板组成。U型钢板与耗能板之间采用焊接连接,U型钢板与内管、外管之间采用螺栓连接。内管左端与连接板相连,外管右端焊接有连接板,连接板可与结构框架通过螺栓连接。
自复位系统主要由1组钢绞线、2组碟簧组合、内外管、固定件、定位板、挡板、加载块和加载板组成。每组钢绞线包括4根钢绞线,每组钢绞线与2组碟簧组合且三者为串联关系,每组钢绞线的两端分别锚固于碟簧装置两侧的挡板,2组碟簧中间为加载板、定位板、加载板,加载块位于定位板内孔中,与内管采用焊接连接。定位板与外管采用焊接连接,左、右挡板通过钢绞线的预应力压紧碟簧,挡板与碟簧、碟簧与加载板、加载板与定位板之间仅存在接触压力,而无其他连接。
通过新型构造设计实现了自复位系统与耗能系统的协同工作机制。相对传统U型件与单组碟簧的并联布置,本文创新性地采用两组碟簧与钢绞线串联+U型耗能件并联的复合传力机制。通过串联两组碟簧,在相同承载力下将碟簧压缩量降低50%,显著提升了支撑的变形能力;通过开洞耗能板+U型件组合形成耗能系统进一步提高支撑的耗能能力。
新型自复位耗能支撑的工作原理见图2。图中F为支撑所受轴向荷载,δ为支撑轴向位移。当支撑处于未受力状态时[图2(a)],在自复位装置预应力筋的预接力作用下,左右挡板挤压碟簧组并将部分力通过定位板传至外侧约束套管,部分力通过加载块传至内管,使内外管存在一定的压缩变形;由于内外管轴向刚度比较大,该初始压缩变形较小。新型自复位耗能支撑在此阶段处于自平衡状态。
假设新型自复位耗能支撑右端固定,当支撑受到向左的拉力F时[图2(b)],随着外力增大,内管将力传至加载块和U型耗能件,加载块和U型耗能件有随内管向左运动的趋势,直到外力F增加至可以克服预应力筋的预应力,内外管开始出现相对运动。此阶段内外管、耗能装置和自复位装置变形协调,U型耗能件屈服提供耗能能力,加载块通过加载板进一步对左侧碟簧组施加压力,左侧碟簧组将力传至左侧挡板,挡板通过预应力筋拉动右侧挡板向左运动,进一步对右侧碟簧组施加压力,碟簧组合压缩,自复位装置弹性恢复力进一步增大,最终右侧碟簧组通过定位板将力传递至外侧约束套管。支撑卸载后,自复位装置的弹性恢复力克服耗能系统的屈服力,使得支撑恢复自平衡状态,具有较小的残余变形。
若支撑受到向右的压力F图2(c)],当F增加至可克服预应力筋的预应力和U型耗能件所需弹性恢复力时,内外管开始出现相对运动。随着外力增大,支撑工作机理与左侧受拉时相似,加载板在加载块的推动下对右侧碟簧组施加压力,右侧挡板在右侧碟簧组的推动下不断向右运动,并通过预应力筋将力传递至左侧碟簧组,U型耗能件逐渐受拉屈服,自复位装置弹性恢复力增大。支撑卸载后,自复位装置为其提供复位所需的恢复力。
通过上述分析可知,不论支撑受压还是受拉,自复位装置两侧连接板距离均增大,导致碟簧受压,使其自复位性能进一步提高。由于钢绞线与碟簧组合串联,因此支撑变形为钢绞线伸长量与碟簧组合压缩量之和,并且两组碟簧通过钢绞线串联在一起,在提供相同承载力下有效减少了碟簧压缩量,相对仅有钢绞线作为自复位系统的支撑,其变形能力显著提高。
支撑简化屈服荷载及峰值荷载如图3所示。当内外管开始发生相对滑动至耗能系统屈服前,由于外力大于激活力,支撑内外管开始发生相对运动,支撑屈服荷载主要由组合碟簧和屈服前的U型耗能件提供。此阶段支撑屈服荷载为:
Fb,y=αmfybutu2tu+4ru+Ccy2mnbs2tsfy3hs+F0
其中 α=0.01bu/tu+0.90
Ccy=2.047-3bshsn
式中:α为U形钢板屈服强度修正系数;bu为U型件宽度;tu为U型件厚度;Ccy为耗能板屈服强度修正系数;bs为耗能板开洞间距离;hs为耗能板开洞平直段和圆弧段总长度;n为耗能板屈服单元数量;Fb,y为支撑屈服荷载;m为U型耗能件个数;fy为钢材屈服强度;ru为U型件半圆段中心线半径;ts为耗能板厚度;F0为支撑预压力。
当外力超过支撑屈服荷载,支撑的耗能系统由屈服荷载逐渐达到其峰值荷载,该阶段支撑峰值荷载主要由自复位系统和屈服后的耗能体系提供。此阶段支撑峰值荷载为:
Fb,u=F0+Ks(ub,u-ub,y)+(0.23e-20.50tu/ru-0.02·0.24bu/ru+0.06)Ke,uum-6fyru3Etutu+4ru+αmfybutu2tu+4ru+Ccp·nbstsfu2hs
其中 Ke,u=αmEbutu36πru3
Ccp=1.784-2bshs-0.078bsnhs
Kin=EAinlin
Kout=EAoutlout
ub,y=F0KinKoutKin+Kout+Ks+mpApEpLp
式中:linlout分别为内、外管长度;AinAout分别为内、外管截面面积;KinKoutKs分别为内、外管和组合碟簧的刚度;Ap为单根钢绞线横截面面积;Ep为钢绞线弹性模量;Lp为钢绞线长度;mp为钢绞线数量;Ke,u为U形钢板屈服前刚度;Ccp为耗能板极限强度修正系数;um为U型耗能件极限位移;ub,y为支撑屈服位移;ub,u为支撑极限位移;fu为钢材极限强度;E为钢材弹性模量。
组合碟形弹簧是支撑中提供自复位性能的关键部件,为精确模拟其力学特性,需对碟形弹簧的有限元模拟方法进行验证。
根据文献[31]提供的碟形弹簧参数,外径Dds为200 mm,内径dds为112 mm,厚度tds为12 mm,hds为4.2 mm,叠合片数nds为2,碟簧对合组数ids为8。通过规范32-33相关公式可计算得出组合碟簧等效刚度Ks=15.75 kN/mm
建立的有限元模型如图4所示,选用实体单元C3D8R模拟上下两个连接板,并在两个连接板的上下两面均建立参考点,参考点RP-1与上连接板下表面耦合,参考点RP-2与下连接板上表面耦合,参考点RP-3与上连接板上表面耦合,参考点RP-4与下连接板下表面耦合。参考点RP-4六个自由度完全被约束,参考点RP-3施加与试验相同的位移量,上下连接板间距为施加预应力后的组合碟簧高度,采用connector连接器模拟组合碟簧,并通过参考点RP-1、RP-2连接,connector连接器的线性刚度为计算得到的组合碟簧等效刚度Ks,并根据试验施加的预应力设置connector连接器的参考长度。提取荷载-位移曲线,并与文献[31]试验结果进行对比,如图5所示。
图5所示,f=0.75h0为碟簧被压缩到75%极限位移时的状态,试验与模拟对比分析表明:碟形弹簧接触面摩擦效应导致试验曲线呈现非线性响应特征,而有限元模型采用理想无摩擦假设,故呈现线性响应,两者误差在5%以内,证实采用connector单元可有效模拟碟簧刚度特性。
本节共设计了11个新型自复位耗能支撑算例,具体构造参数见表1,U型耗能件示意见图6。通过改变U型件厚度、平直段长度、耗能板厚度、钢绞线预应力、碟簧对合组数5个关键参数研究其对新型支撑承载能力及复位能力的影响。支撑U-SCEDB_0为基础算例,其主要部件尺寸如表2所示。
通过有限元软件建立新型自复位耗能支撑的精细化模型,以研究支撑的滞回性能。支撑整体有限元模型见图7。支撑U型耗能件、耗能板、内管、外管、挡板、定位板等部件均采用C3D8R实体单元模拟;同时,为了保证模拟的精确度,各构件沿厚度方向均至少划分为两层单元;钢绞线采用T3D2桁架单元模拟。
除U型耗能件及耗能板采用Q235钢材外,其余实体部件均采用Q355钢材。钢材本构关系采用双线性强化弹塑性模型,材料屈服后强化段斜率与弹性段斜率的比值为0.02。预应力钢绞线规格为1×7,公称直径17.8 mm,抗拉强度为1860 MPa,单根钢绞线最大荷载为355 kN;材料本构采用线弹性模型,弹性模量设为E=195 GPa。碟簧组合为2片叠合、14组对合,根据规范32-33可求得碟簧组合刚度为9 kN/mm,施加250 kN的预压力时需对碟簧组合预压28 mm。
模型中连接板与内外管、连接板与固定件、内管与加载块、外管与定位板、U型耗能件与耗能板的焊接连接均采用绑定约束,U型件与内外管采用螺栓连接,并对螺栓施加相应预紧力,挡板与内外管、加载板与内管、加载板与加载块、加载板与定位板、加载块与定位板之间的接触定义为“硬接触”。
在支撑两侧连接板中心设置参考点,参考点RP-1与左侧连接板右表面耦合,参考点RP-2与右侧连接板左表面耦合。对支撑右侧连接板上参考点RP-2的六个自由度进行完全约束,左侧连接板上参考点RP-1约束xy方向位移,放开z方向位移并施加轴向位移。加载制度采用位移控制,由GB/T 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计标准》规定的层间最大位移角0.02 rad换算得到最大位移为L/10034L为支撑长度)。位移幅值分别为L/300、L/200、L/100,其中L为支撑长度。每个位移幅值循环加载1圈。设支撑与梁的夹角为45°,则支撑加载的最大位移对应结构的层间位移角为2%。
U型件厚度分别为5, 10, 15 mm时,支撑云图及其滞回曲线和耗能曲线如图89所示。加载到最大位移时,U-SCEDB_1相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载减少7.81%、累计耗能减少16.63%,U-SCEDB_1相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载增加11.96%、累计耗能增加31.63%。除U型耗能件外,支撑整体处于弹性状态,随着U型件厚度的增加,其破坏位置逐渐从平直段向弯曲段移动,屈服荷载提高,滞回曲线上移,支撑的极限承载力显著提高,滞回曲线面积逐步增大,累计耗能量逐渐增大,能量耗散能力随之增强。
U型件平直段长度分别为170, 200, 230 mm时,支撑云图及其滞回曲线和耗能曲线如图1011所示。可知,U型耗能件破坏位置集中在平直段与弯曲段交界处,而支撑其余部分均保持弹性状态。加载到最大位移时,U-SCEDB_3相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载减少5.82%、累计耗能减少30.12%,U-SCEDB_4相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载增加11.92%、累计耗能增加37.38%。随着U型件平直段长度的增加,耗能板耗能单元宽度bs随之增大,滞回曲线面积增大,能量耗散能力增强。
耗能板厚度分别为2, 4, 6 mm时,支撑云图及其滞回曲线和耗能曲线如图1213所示。整体来看,支撑除耗能系统外均处于弹性状态,三种厚度的滞回曲线均表现出良好的对称性,表明拉压性能均衡。加载到最大位移时,U-SCEDB_5相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载减少13.83%、累计耗能减少60.87%,U-SCEDB_6相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载增加11.92%、累计耗能增加38.73%。随着耗能板厚度的增加,耗能板破坏位置由整体逐渐向上下连接处移动,滞回曲线面积增大,能量耗散能力显著提高。
耗能板的厚度直接影响其屈服强度和塑性变形能力。较薄的耗能板容易在较小的荷载下进入塑性区,导致卸载刚度退化较快,从而降低滞回曲线的整体能量耗散能力。而较厚的耗能板在屈服后仍保持较高的刚度,使其在大变形状态下仍能提供较好的承载能力。
钢绞线预拉力分别为200, 250, 300 kN时,支撑云图及其滞回曲线和耗能曲线如图1415所示。加载到最大位移时,U-SCEDB_7相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载减少6.92%,U-SCEDB_8相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载增加8.73%。随着钢绞线预应力的增加,支撑除耗能系统外的其他部分均处于弹性状态,支撑的极限承载力显著提高。预应力较高时,支撑的屈服荷载提高,支撑的轴向刚度增强,使其在屈服前的线性段更加陡峭。
钢绞线预应力主要影响支撑的自复位能力和初始刚度。当预应力较小时,支撑在卸载后难以完全恢复到原始位置,而当预应力较大时,恢复力显著增强,使支撑能够更快复位。为保证支撑在受力过程中除U型耗能件外其余部分均为弹性,而支撑内管承受的承载力与支撑的承载力相同,因此可按内管的屈服承载力确定支撑的峰值承载力,进而通过式(2)求得钢绞线预拉力最大值。
碟簧对合组数分别为10、14和18时,支撑云图及其滞回曲线和耗能曲线如图1617所示。加载到最大位移时,U-SCEDB_9相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载增大8.51%,U-SCEDB_10相较U-SCEDB_0峰值荷载减小2.70%。随着碟簧对合组数的增加,支撑自复位系统及内外管均处于弹性状态,支撑的极限位移显著提高,但滞回曲线的塑性段刚度及极限承载力有所降低,能量耗散能力保持良好。碟簧对合组数越多,支撑提供的整体恢复力越小,且支撑的滞回曲线仍保持较好的形态。
碟簧是自复位装置的主要组成部分,其对合组数影响支撑的恢复刚度和变形能力。当对合组数为10组时,碟簧预压量为19.6 mm,碟簧刚度为12.6 kN/mm,碟簧的极限位移仅为22.4 mm,支撑的极限位移为44.8 mm(对应层间位移角3%),碟簧刚度较大,相应提供的恢复力较大,在大变形下更易达到完全复位;当对合组数为14组时,碟簧预压量为21.44 mm,碟簧刚度为9.0 kN/mm,碟簧的极限位移仅为31.36 mm,支撑的极限位移为62.72 mm(对应层间位移角4.2%);当对合组数为18时,碟簧预压量为35.28 mm,碟簧刚度为7.0 kN/mm,碟簧的极限位移仅为40.32 mm,支撑的极限位移为80.64 mm(对应层间位移角5.4%),极限变形能力提高,但碟簧刚度变小,相应提供的恢复力变小,使得支撑的承载能力有所下降。因此在支撑设计时,可根据需要的预应力大小、支撑所需峰值承载力及支撑尺寸要求依据规范32-33对碟簧对合组数进行合理选择,使支撑具有足够变形能力的同时保持足够的承载能力。
本研究基于有限元分析方法,系统探讨了一种新型自复位耗能支撑的滞回性能,给出了支撑屈服荷载及峰值荷载计算公式,分析了关键设计参数对其能量耗散能力、自复位能力及承载性能的影响。研究结论如下:
1)新型自复位耗能支撑在低周往复荷载作用下表现出典型的旗帜形滞回曲线,拉压性能对称,且屈服后无明显刚度和强度退化,表明其具备稳定的耗能能力和良好的自复位特性。数值模拟结果表明,该支撑在卸载后能够有效恢复至原始位置,残余变形较小。
2)U型耗能件是主要的耗能部件,其厚度和平直段长度对滞回曲线的形态、屈服荷载及刚度有直接影响。随着U型件厚度、耗能板厚度的增大,支撑的极限承载力随之提高,滞回曲线面积逐渐增大,累计耗能量逐渐增大,可提供更好的能量耗散能力。
3)支撑的自复位能力主要由钢绞线和碟簧组提供。钢绞线预应力决定了其自复位能力,随着钢绞线预应力的提高,支撑的自复位能力增强,并保持较好的滞回稳定性;碟簧对合组数影响支撑的极限变形能力和塑性段刚度,随着碟簧对合组数的增加,支撑的极限变形能力显著提高,但碟簧刚度相对下降,进而影响支撑峰值承载力的大小。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52078013)
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doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS25021501
  • 接收时间:2025-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-07-03
  • 出版时间:2026-05-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-15
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国家自然科学基金项目(52078013)
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    1北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京 100124
    2北京工业大学,北京市高层和大跨度预应力钢结构工程技术研究中心,北京 100124
    3同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海 200092
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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