Article(id=1279793085018248042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13206/j.gjgS25102901, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761667200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783056048873, onlineDateStr=2026-07-03, pubDate=1779379200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783056048873, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783056048873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783056048873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279793083097269247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, year='2026', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='88', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779379200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-22', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783056048416, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783056895775, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279796637363048955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279796637367243260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, issueId=1279793083097269247, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1279793085202797419, articleId=1279793085018248042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, language=EN, title=Research Progress on the Bonding Performance of Protective Coatings for Steel Structures, columnId=1279793084791763029, journalTitle=Steel Construction, columnName=Fire Performance and Fire Protection of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For coatings that serve as protective barriers for steel structures, their adhesion strength is a core indicator determining protective efficiency and service life. This paper reviews the research progress on the bonding performance of organic protective coatings for steel structures, analyzes the factors influencing the evolution of bonding performance and their respective mechanisms, summarizes the testing methods for coating bonding performance, and elaborates on the construction and application of interface cohesive models. The analysis shows that the variation mechanisms induced by single factors have currently been revealed, and the existing interface constitutive models focus on the interface damage and fracture behavior under the action of force fields.In the future, it is necessary to further study the coupled action mechanisms and influence patterns of multiple factors, and to construct an interface behavior prediction model that considers the coupling of multiple factors (environmental conditions, fire high temperatures, and stress), so as to provide references for the design, damage detection, and performance repair of protective coatings for steel structures.

, authors=Lingling Wang1, Guochao Zheng1, Guoqiang Li2, Yong Du3, authorsList=Lingling Wang, Guochao Zheng, Guoqiang Li, Yong Du, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1279793087555801969, articleId=1279793085018248042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, language=CN, title=钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能研究进展, columnId=1279793085286683500, journalTitle=钢结构(中英文), columnName=钢-混凝土组合结构耐火性能与钢防火保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

有机涂层作为钢结构防护屏障,其与基材界面的结合性能是决定其防护效能与服役寿命的核心指标之一。该综述阐述了钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的研究进展,分析了钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的演化机理和规律;梳理了涂层结合性能的检测方法;阐述了界面内聚力模型的构建与应用。分析表明:目前已揭示了单一因素致变机理,现有界面本构模型聚焦力场作用下界面的损伤断裂行为。未来还需进一步研究多因素耦合作用机制和影响规律,构建考虑多因素耦合(环境条件、火灾高温、应力)作用的界面行为预测模型,为钢结构防护涂层的设计、损伤检测和性能修复提供参考。

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王玲玲,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事钢结构与结构抗火方向的研究工作。 Email:

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王玲玲,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事钢结构与结构抗火方向的研究工作。 Email:

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φnφt为临界的断裂能。

, figureFileSmall=ke03aDk/N8oAna0PvuvF1w==, figureFileBig=06HHgrm9nJzmTSnWvXNSOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279793091892712351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085018248042, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Conventional mechanical methods for the evaluation of coating adhesion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法测试原理特点参考标准
三/四点弯曲涂层基材制成梁状,施加弯曲荷载使界面产生应力,以脱黏临界荷载评估附着力贴近实际弯曲工况;试样尺寸要求严格

ISO 14679:1997

GB/T 232—2024

ASTM E290-22

ASTM D6272-17

单剪切法沿平行涂层/基材界面施加剪切荷载,以临界剪切应力(荷载/黏结面积)表征附着力测定表观剪切强度;试样需平整,防止荷载偏心

GB/T 7124—2023

ASTMD1002-23

ISO 4587:2003

双悬臂梁法预制界面裂纹,施加荷载使裂纹扩展,用临界应变能释放率表征附着力基于断裂力学,可预测失效;预制裂纹精度要求高

ISO 25217:2009

ASTM D5528-23

拉开法拉头粘涂层,垂直施加荷载,以“拉开强度=临界荷载/面积”表征附着力操作简便、定量;受胶黏剂性能影响大

GB/T 5210—2006

ISO 4624:2023

ASTM D4541-2023

划格法划网格(穿透涂层至基材)+胶带剥离,观察脱落等级进行定性评估简单快速,适合批量抽检;仅定性,受涂层厚度/刀刃影响

GB/T 9286—2021

ISO 2409-2020

ASTM D3359-2023

), ArticleFig(id=1279793091984987040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651655809875976, articleId=1279793085018248042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

涂层附着力常用力学测试方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法测试原理特点参考标准
三/四点弯曲涂层基材制成梁状,施加弯曲荷载使界面产生应力,以脱黏临界荷载评估附着力贴近实际弯曲工况;试样尺寸要求严格

ISO 14679:1997

GB/T 232—2024

ASTM E290-22

ASTM D6272-17

单剪切法沿平行涂层/基材界面施加剪切荷载,以临界剪切应力(荷载/黏结面积)表征附着力测定表观剪切强度;试样需平整,防止荷载偏心

GB/T 7124—2023

ASTMD1002-23

ISO 4587:2003

双悬臂梁法预制界面裂纹,施加荷载使裂纹扩展,用临界应变能释放率表征附着力基于断裂力学,可预测失效;预制裂纹精度要求高

ISO 25217:2009

ASTM D5528-23

拉开法拉头粘涂层,垂直施加荷载,以“拉开强度=临界荷载/面积”表征附着力操作简便、定量;受胶黏剂性能影响大

GB/T 5210—2006

ISO 4624:2023

ASTM D4541-2023

划格法划网格(穿透涂层至基材)+胶带剥离,观察脱落等级进行定性评估简单快速,适合批量抽检;仅定性,受涂层厚度/刀刃影响

GB/T 9286—2021

ISO 2409-2020

ASTM D3359-2023

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钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能研究进展
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王玲玲 1 , 郑国超 1 , 李国强 2 , 杜咏 3
钢结构(中英文) | 钢-混凝土组合结构耐火性能与钢防火保护 2026,41(5): 1-7
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钢结构(中英文) |钢-混凝土组合结构耐火性能与钢防火保护 2026 , 41 (5) : 1 -7
钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能研究进展
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王玲玲,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事钢结构与结构抗火方向的研究工作。 Email:

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王玲玲1 , 郑国超1, 李国强2, 杜咏3
作者信息
  • 1华侨大学土木工程学院,福建 厦门 361021
  • 2同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
  • 3中国钢结构协会防火与防腐分会,上海 200092
作者简介:

王玲玲,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事钢结构与结构抗火方向的研究工作。 Email:

Research Progress on the Bonding Performance of Protective Coatings for Steel Structures
Lingling Wang1 , Guochao Zheng1, Guoqiang Li2, Yong Du3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University,Shanghai 200092, China
  • 3Fire Protection and Anti-Corrosion Branch, China Steel Structure Association, Shanghai 200092, China
出版时间: 2026-05-22 doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS25102901
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有机涂层作为钢结构防护屏障,其与基材界面的结合性能是决定其防护效能与服役寿命的核心指标之一。该综述阐述了钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的研究进展,分析了钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的演化机理和规律;梳理了涂层结合性能的检测方法;阐述了界面内聚力模型的构建与应用。分析表明:目前已揭示了单一因素致变机理,现有界面本构模型聚焦力场作用下界面的损伤断裂行为。未来还需进一步研究多因素耦合作用机制和影响规律,构建考虑多因素耦合(环境条件、火灾高温、应力)作用的界面行为预测模型,为钢结构防护涂层的设计、损伤检测和性能修复提供参考。

钢结构防护涂层  /  结合性能  /  多因素耦合作用  /  内聚力模型  /  损伤演化  /  界面行为

For coatings that serve as protective barriers for steel structures, their adhesion strength is a core indicator determining protective efficiency and service life. This paper reviews the research progress on the bonding performance of organic protective coatings for steel structures, analyzes the factors influencing the evolution of bonding performance and their respective mechanisms, summarizes the testing methods for coating bonding performance, and elaborates on the construction and application of interface cohesive models. The analysis shows that the variation mechanisms induced by single factors have currently been revealed, and the existing interface constitutive models focus on the interface damage and fracture behavior under the action of force fields.In the future, it is necessary to further study the coupled action mechanisms and influence patterns of multiple factors, and to construct an interface behavior prediction model that considers the coupling of multiple factors (environmental conditions, fire high temperatures, and stress), so as to provide references for the design, damage detection, and performance repair of protective coatings for steel structures.

protective coatings for steel structures  /  bonding performance  /  coupled action of multiple factors  /  cohesive model  /  damage evolution  /  interface behavior
王玲玲, 郑国超, 李国强, 杜咏. 钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能研究进展. 钢结构(中英文), 2026 , 41 (5) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.13206/j.gjgS25102901
Lingling Wang, Guochao Zheng, Guoqiang Li, Yong Du. Research Progress on the Bonding Performance of Protective Coatings for Steel Structures[J]. Steel Construction, 2026 , 41 (5) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.13206/j.gjgS25102901
钢结构已广泛应用于民用与工业建筑、桥梁、近海及特种结构等领域。2024年,我国钢铁产量达10.05亿t,占比全球53.3%的份额,钢结构产量突破1亿t1。同时,钢结构也伴随锈蚀致坍塌、火灾下连续性倒塌等重大灾害事故2-3。钢结构防护涂层在服役过程中性能退化,无法隔离环境中腐蚀性介质对钢材的锈蚀和保证火灾下预定时间内钢结构发挥预期功能,是导致非偶然荷载作用下钢结构坍塌事故频发、火灾下钢结构倒塌风险高的主要原因4-5
涂层对基材的牢固附着是其防护性能发挥的前提和基础6。新建钢结构建筑中防护涂层与钢材界面结合性能良好,投入使用后界面性能将出现退化7。针对该问题,学界已开展了演化机理、界面结合性能测试方法、界面内聚力模型等相关研究。但多因素耦合作用下界面损伤演化的机理和规律仍不清晰,服役涂层界面损伤识别技术尚未成熟,考虑多因素耦合作用的界面行为预测理论有待深入研究。
为此,基于有机防护涂层-钢结构界面结合性能研究的关键问题,系统分析和梳理了钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的演化机理和规律,界面结合性能测试方法,界面内聚力模型的构建与应用等方面的研究现状,展望未来需进一步深入研究的方向,为钢结构防护涂层的设计、损伤检测和性能修复提供参考。
涂层与基材界面的结合性能是涂层作用的基础。对于结合性能的本质至今尚有不同认识,绝大多数人认为界面结合性能包括化学吸附、分子吸附和机械锚固作用6
化学吸附是有机涂料与钢材表面生成共价键而产生的吸附力。化学共价键力比分子吸附力大得多,但至今为止已证实经化学键结合的底漆类型很少6。分子吸附由范德华力引起。研究表明,范德华力对有机涂层-钢材界面结合性能的贡献最大8。机械锚固作用大小与基材表面粗糙度有关。Mariappan等9指出,基材表面处理工艺与粗糙度对界面结合性能产生显著影响。基材表面处理工艺通过改变表面活性和润湿性影响界面分子吸附;基材表面粗糙度变化影响润湿性和机械锚固作用。
有机涂层广泛应用于钢结构防腐蚀领域。Bardal10和Knudsen等11认为,有机涂层结合性能退化与腐蚀过程相互关联。当腐蚀介质(水分子、溶解氧、电解质)通过涂层表面及内部的宏、微观缺陷渗透至涂层与基材界面时,氧化反应(阳极反应)随即启动,金属表面同时发生氧化还原反应(阴极反应),有机涂层与钢基材间黏附力渐进丧失,这种现象称为阴极剥离。阴极剥离数十年来持续受到学界关注。Leidheiser等12最早对阴极剥离机制开展研究。Leng等13-15采用开尔文探针技术研究阴极剥离机制,并建立了聚合物涂层阴极剥离模型。目前学界普遍认为阴极剥离的本质是由电化学阴极反应引发的涂层附着力丧失16
碱性环境引发树脂皂化反应或水解反应,导致涂层交联密度降低,还会破坏界面键合,并在界面处产生高渗透压17。酸性环境则会腐蚀钢材表面氧化层,破坏涂层与氧化层的结合位点,使涂层失去机械锚固和化学结合的基础18-19。高环境温度和紫外线辐射会与上述反应产生协同强化效应20。应力作用与环境因素也存在耦合效应。Jang等21的研究表明,环氧涂层在超声空化[(20±5)kHz,振幅15~85 μm]与3.5%NaCl 溶液耦合作用下,碳钢腐蚀速率从静态的0.02 mm/a升至动态的5.72 mm/a。
有机涂层广泛应用于钢结构防火保护工程。此时,有机涂层与钢材界面的结合性能须经受火灾高温的考验。涂层剥离的本质是界面应力达到了界面结合强度。在火灾高温下,界面应力来自由热膨胀系数差异引起的热失配应力、由物理/化学过程引起的体积膨胀应力、气体压力、相变应力等;界面结合强度退化原因包括热降解、氧化、缺陷演化等。目前,学界对火灾高温下钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的研究十分有限。Puspitasari等22对高温作用前后膨胀型防火涂层体系与钢材界面的力学、物理和化学特性进行研究,指出环氧官能团在高温后仍保持稳定,底漆与钢基体间存在显著的机械互锁机制,钢材表面处理对提升界面结合性能至关重要。Mariappan等9和刘晓圣等23研究了室温及火灾升温条件下膨胀型防火涂层体系各层之间的相容性与附着性。研究表明,环氧底漆与丙烯酸面漆的组合适用于水性防火涂层。无机硅锌底漆虽具有较高热稳定性,但其与防火涂层的结合强度不足。
Zhao等24利用自组织映射神经网络(SOM)辅助的电化学阻抗谱研究干湿循环条件下碳钢表面有机涂层的劣化过程,总体分为介质穿透涂层、腐蚀开始和腐蚀扩散三个阶段。Sørensena等17认为在近海环境中钠离子从涂层缺陷处传输至阴极区是阴极剥离速率的关键,提出了钠离子沿涂层-钢界面表观扩散系数的估算方法。Bi等16的研究表明钢材表面的阴极反应遵循塔菲尔定律,且存在显著的活化极化现象。Glover等25采用石墨烯纳米片降低铁和锌(热浸镀锌钢)表面有机涂层阴极剥离的速率,研究结果表明:铁表面石墨烯纳米片主要起到延缓氧气传输的作用;锌和石墨烯纳米片形成了电偶对,使氧化还原反应发生转移。Song等26通过浸泡实验和电化学阻抗测试研究了缺陷尺寸、氯离子浓度和树脂类型对阴极剥离的影响。结果表明:随缺陷尺寸减小,涂层电阻特性从界面腐蚀反应主导转变为扩散阻抗主导;提高氯离子浓度可加速金属腐蚀,但未必会加速涂层剥离;树脂类型对涂层剥离过程起关键作用。Khayatan等27认为“剥离界面阳离子迁移或氧化还原反应是速率控制步骤”这一观点存在局限性,通过试验研究和理论分析提出“完整界面处阳离子嵌入是阴极剥离过程速率控制关键”的假说。
钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的退化是多因素耦合作用的结果。环境中的腐蚀性介质、紫外线辐射和温湿度循环通过电化学反应、化学降解和物理渗透破坏涂层-钢材界面的结合性能。已有研究聚焦于阴极剥离现象,对其他形式界面损伤的研究尚不够全面和深入。
内聚力实质上是物质原子或分子间的相互作用力。内聚力模型最早由Dugdale28提出,因其解决了裂纹尖端应力奇异性的问题,现已被广泛应用于复合材料29-30、聚合物材料31-32和双相材料界面的断裂分析中33-36。内聚力模型方法的基本原理是28:假定裂纹尖端前方存在一个内聚力区域(图1),该区域上下表面通过内聚力牵引,内聚力与内聚表面的分离位移通过内聚力模型建立本构关系(图2)。当应力作用于含裂纹物体时,内聚表面逐渐分离,分离位移达到临界值时便引发裂纹扩展。其核心思想在于通过牵引-分离关系描述非线性断裂过程。
起初学界认为两个独立参数(内聚能和内聚强度或分离位移)足以描述内聚力模型,Chandra等37和Volokh38的研究表明内聚力模型的形状(牵引-分离方程的形式)显著影响断裂分析结果。Freed等39指出界面裂纹的黏聚能密度不是常数,而是模式相位角的函数。考虑到界面结合性能的环境依赖性,Mubashar等40提出了一种与湿度、浓度及湿度历史相关的双线性内聚力本构定律,用以模拟经历老化的单搭接接头的渐进损伤与失效行为。许多情况下界面还会承受剧烈的温度变化,Özdemir等41建立了一种基于物理机理的完整热力学内聚力模型,该模型可用于异质材料和多层结构界面的细观尺度建模。Ibrahim等42通过将热应力加到Helmholtz自由能密度中建立了热力耦合的内聚力模型。Yang等43提出了一种自下而上的多尺度建模方法,用于模拟速率依赖的界面断裂过程。这种多尺度界面模型最终实现了宏观界面断裂行为与微观分子机制的关联。
准确有效识别内聚力模型参数是一个重要的研究课题,对界面的可靠分析和设计具有重要意义。内聚力模型参数多采用反演分析的方法确定。Huo等44结合数字图像相关(DIC)技术和双悬臂梁试验推导内聚力模型参数。周清春等45采用标准试验与直接搜索算法相结合的反演分析方法获取界面内聚力模型参数,结果表明该方法能够准确识别挠性黏接界面的断裂参数,且计算效率显著优于传统的全局优化算法。反演分析以实验值为初始值,采用Hooke-Jeeves优化算法实施,整个反演分析过程通过自动执行程序完成。
现有界面内聚力模型参数通过数值模拟或理论分析结果与宏观试验结果拟合确定,缺乏与界面微观结构、缺陷分布、化学键合的关联,不同尺度间的信息传递存在断层。此外,现有界面内聚力模型对多因素耦合作用(环境条件、火灾高温、应力作用)影响的描述不足,对长期服役和火灾高温下界面性能退化的预测能力有限。
涂层在成型与使用过程中积累多种形式的应力,这些应力必须得到释放,释放方式将决定涂层是否失效以及失效模式6。比如,当涂层对基材的附着力小于内、外应力时,涂层发生剥离。附着力是涂层与基材之间的结合强度,可表现为力、应力、能量等形式46。涂层附着力测试方法多达上百种47,总体上分为现场定性检验法和实验室定量检测法两种。
现场检验常用的方法包括划痕法、胶带剥离法和拉拔法。Mariappan等9通过X切割胶带法和拉拔法测试了不同防腐底漆与钢材的附着力和底漆与涂层及面漆的层间附着力。Cao等48采用拉拔法和划痕法评估了保温层下涂层的附着力。虽然涂料技术已发展了一个世纪,但涂层附着力检验方法仍不完善。不同检验方法得到的结果有时会相互矛盾6
对涂层附着力进行定量评估至今仍是学界面临的挑战。起初研究人员通过压痕试验数据定量表征界面结合性能,但这种方法测得的数据实为界面结合强度与基体及涂层材料塑性性能的综合体现49。双悬臂梁(DCB)试验、单搭接(SLS)和三/四点弯曲(T/FPB)试验逐渐得到广泛应用。DCB和SLS试件采用三明治结构,包含两个相同界面。T/FPB试件通过单一界面的预制裂纹确定界面性能。Potnis等50通过建立双材料解析断裂模型对三点弯曲试验获得的荷载-位移关系曲线进行反卷积计算,确定界面断裂韧性。Zebar等51将四点弯曲测试方法扩展应用于测定稳态和非稳态下界面断裂韧性随断裂模式混合度的变化规律。Kim等52通过DCB和FPB试验研究I型和混合模式下的界面行为,指出界面黏附功显著依赖于载荷模式和裂纹扩展行为。Liang等53指出界面损伤与断裂特性具有尺寸依赖性,原因是界面存在残余应力,而残余应力受界面几何形状的影响。因此,DCB、SLS和T/FPB试验结果适用范围有限。
表1列出了涂层附着力常用测试方法。
界面缺陷是涂层静、动态破坏的主要原因,准确识别和定量检测界面缺陷是涂层寿命评估和失效分析的基础。界面缺陷大小及位置的不确定性是涂层材料强度特性呈现大离散性的主要原因,如何定量表征涂层界面缺陷的形状和大小具有十分重要的意义。
Rosa等54采用激光超声技术检测大气等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层-不锈钢界面的缺陷。由于激光超声技术获得的信号信噪比低,为解决该问题,Li等55采用深度学习增强的激光超声方法,检测出直径0.5 mm的人工缺陷。Wang等56采用激光锁相热成像技术,揭示了热障涂层脱黏缺陷的相位与幅值表征特征。张中浩等57采用太赫兹技术检测复合绝缘子的界面缺陷,提出了气隙缺陷尺寸的定量计算方法与蚀损缺陷的二维成像方法,成功实现了两类缺陷的分类诊断。丁俊才等58对黏接结构中超声波的能量反射与透射特性进行研究,揭示了入射角与频厚积对超声能量分配的显著影响,明确了纵波垂直入射时的周期性谐振特征以及倾斜入射时的波型转换规律。Sma等59采用激光冲击技术测量环氧涂层对铝制基材的附着力,该技术对基材无损伤,但需提前建立激光冲击参数与涂层性能的关联模型。
现有检测技术能够检测到毫米级缺陷,对于更小尺寸的缺陷,检测精度和信噪比仍有待提高。另外,现有检测技术和对应的算法难以准确表征复合涂层或非平面界面的损伤特性。且激光锁相热成像技术对激发频率、加热均匀性和环境温度等条件敏感,不适于现场实时检测。由于激光锁相热成相和激光超声检测结果依赖人工经验,目前多数技术可定性判断缺陷是否存在,难以准确量化缺陷尺寸,更无法提供界面结合强度、断裂韧性等性能指标。
1)钢结构有机防护涂层结合性能的退化是多因素耦合作用的结果。应力、环境条件和火灾高温通过化学降解、物理渗透和高温氧化破坏涂层-基材界面的结合性能。现有研究聚焦于腐蚀性介质作用下的阴极剥离现象,多因素耦合下界面结合性能的退化机制尚有待进一步研究。
2)涂层附着力测试包含现场定性检验和实验室定量检测两种。不同定性检验方法得到的结果有时会互相矛盾;实验室定量检测数据表征的界面损伤与断裂特性具有尺寸依赖性。
3)现有界面损伤识别技术可定性判断缺陷是否存在,难以准确量化缺陷尺寸,更无法提供界面结合强度和断裂韧性等性能指标。未来应结合人工智能算法实现对缺陷尺寸、形貌及界面结合强度的定量评估。
4)现有界面内聚力模型对多因素耦合作用影响的描述不足,对长期服役和火灾高温下界面性能退化的预测能力有限。应进一步发展可融合微观界面结构和宏观力学行为,考虑多场耦合效应的内聚力模型。
5)基于界面结合性能的退化机理,未来应探索新型底漆、纳米改性剂或界面耦合剂,提升钢结构防护涂层在多场耦合作用下的附着力。
  • 福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2022J01289)
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doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS25102901
  • 接收时间:2025-10-29
  • 首发时间:2026-07-03
  • 出版时间:2026-05-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29
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福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2022J01289)
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    1华侨大学土木工程学院,福建 厦门 361021
    2同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
    3中国钢结构协会防火与防腐分会,上海 200092
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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