Article(id=1309822145623056425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1771603200000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-21, revisedDate=1777305600000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790215534835, onlineDateStr=2026-09-24, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790215534835, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790215534835, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790215534835, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309822074055655955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, year='2026', volume='28', issue='3', pageStart='843', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790215517772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790215820848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309823345311445794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309823345311445795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=934, endPage=948, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309822145874714666, articleId=1309822145623056425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=EN, title=Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, columnId=1309196841393152138, journalTitle=Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), columnName=SPECIAL TOPIC ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR FENG ZENGZHAO, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Early Cambrian sedimentary successions in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin record critical information on the differential evolution of multiple provenance systems along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. This study focuses on Lower Cambrian outcrop sections in the Guangyuan-Beichuan area(northwestern Sichuan)and the Nanjiang-Wangcang area(northern Sichuan). Through integrated sedimentological analyses including heavy mineral identification,lithic fragment composition statistics,cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of detrital zircons,and palaeocurrent measurements,a systematic provenance tracing and palaeogeographic reconstruction were conducted. The results indicate that: (1)Three major source areas existed during the Early Cambrian in the study area—the Motianling,Pengguan,and Hannan provenances—which differ significantly in formation age,tectonic affinity,and parent rock lithology.(2)In northwestern Sichuan Basin,controlled by Palaeo-Tethyan subduction,the Motianling provenance continuously supplied felsic igneous and siliceous rock detritus,whereas the Pengguan provenance first emerged as a submarine high during the second member of the Qiongzhusi Formation and evolved into an exposed volcanic island arc by the Canglangpu stage,predominantly supplying mafic igneous(basaltic)detritus.(3)In northern Sichuan Basin,influenced by the Proto-Qinling Ocean,the Hannan provenance exhibited episodic evolution: during deposition of the Qiongzhusi Formation through the first member of the Canglangpu Formation(Xianfengdong Formation),it remained submerged and oolitic limestones developed in the northern Sichuan area;during the second member of the Canglangpu Formation(Yanwangbian Formation),it became subaerially exposed,forming alluvial fan-fan delta coarse clastic deposits.(4)By the late Canglangpu stage,all three source areas were exposed simultaneously,resulting in a palaeogeographic differentiation pattern characterized by sustained clastic infilling in northwestern Sichuan and a tripartite sedimentary response in northern Sichuan. This study provides new sedimentological evidence for multi-plate interactions along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during the Early Cambrian.

, authors=Xuewen SHI1, 3, Mingyang WEI1, 2, Xingzhi WANG1, 2, Yiqing ZHU3, Yong LI3, Chi ZHANG3, Yixing LIU1, 2, Yongyi ZHANG1, 2, Haili HOU1, 2, authorsList=Xuewen SHI, Mingyang WEI, Xingzhi WANG, Yiqing ZHU, Yong LI, Chi ZHANG, Yixing LIU, Yongyi ZHANG, Haili HOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mingyang WEI, Xingzhi WANG, authorNote=

SHI Xuewen,born in 1982,is a master and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in the research of shale oil and gas exploration and development. E-mail: .

, correspAuthorsNote=
WEI Mingyang,born in 1991,is a Ph.D. and assistant researcher. He is mainly engaged in the research of sedimentology and palaeogeography. E-mail: .
WANG Xingzhi,born in 1964,is a Ph.D. and professor. He is mainly engaged in teaching and research in reservoir sedimentology. E-mail: .
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309822149062385725, articleId=1309822145623056425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=CN, title=川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应*, columnId=1309816721050001795, journalTitle=古地理学报, columnName=纪念冯增昭先生百年诞辰专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

川北及川西北地区早寒武世沉积记录了扬子板块北西缘多物源体系差异演化的关键信息。以川西北广元—北川和川北南江—旺苍地区下寒武统露头剖面为研究对象,综合运用重矿物鉴定、岩屑成分统计、锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及古水流测量等沉积学分析,系统开展了该时期物源示踪与古地理重建。结果表明: (1)研究区早寒武世存在摩天岭、彭灌、汉南3大物源区,三者在形成时间、构造属性及母岩性质上显著不同; (2)川西北地区受古特提斯洋俯冲控制,摩天岭物源区主要持续提供酸性岩浆岩及硅质岩碎屑,彭灌物源区于筇二段沉积期始现水下隆起,至沧浪铺期演化为暴露的火山岛弧,主要提供基性岩浆岩(玄武岩)碎屑; (3)川北地区受古秦岭洋活动影响,汉南物源区呈阶段性演化,筇竹寺组—沧一段(仙女洞组)沉积期被淹没,川北发育鲕粒灰岩,沧二段(阎王碥组)暴露供源,形成冲积扇—扇三角洲粗碎屑沉积; (4)沧浪铺晚期3大物源区全部暴露,同时供源,形成川西北持续碎屑充填与川北三段式沉积响应的古地理分异格局。本研究为扬子北西缘早寒武世多板块相互作用提供了新的沉积学证据。

, authors=石学文1, 3, 韦明洋1, 2, 王兴志1, 2, 朱逸青3, 李勇3, 张驰3, 刘一星1, 2, 张咏仪1, 2, 侯海莉1, 2, authorsList=石学文, 韦明洋, 王兴志, 朱逸青, 李勇, 张驰, 刘一星, 张咏仪, 侯海莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韦明洋, 王兴志, authorNote=

谨以此文纪念冯增昭先生诞辰100周年。

石学文,男,1982年生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事页岩油气勘探开发方面的研究工作。E-mail: 。

, correspAuthorsNote=
韦明洋,男,1991年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事沉积及古地理学方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
王兴志,男,1964年生,博士,教授,主要从事储层沉积学等方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
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SHI Xuewen,born in 1982,is a master and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in the research of shale oil and gas exploration and development. E-mail: .

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SHI Xuewen,born in 1982,is a master and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in the research of shale oil and gas exploration and development. E-mail: .

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3 中国石油西南油气田分公司, 四川成都 610051, bio={"content":"

石学文,男,1982年生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事页岩油气勘探开发方面的研究工作。E-mail: 。

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石学文,男,1982年生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事页岩油气勘探开发方面的研究工作。E-mail: 。

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Carbonate reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the Cambrian Xianfengdong Formation in the Micangshan area,northern Sichuan. 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Paleogeomorphology,sedimentary pattern and exploration orientation of Qiongzhusi Formation in Deyang-Anyue Rift Trough,Sichuan Basin. 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Characteristics of lithofacies paleogeography of Cambrian in Sichuan Basin. 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New understanding and geological significance of Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphic framework in northwestern Sichuan Basin. 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New insights into provenance of Early Cambrian Xiannüdong Formation in the Micangshan area: evidence from sedimentology,heavy mineral and detrital zirconchronology. 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a—地质简图修改自区域地质报告; b—构造分区位置图修改自谷志东等(2016)

, figureFileSmall=S6Pw5iA44wYvt0umfBuvJQ==, figureFileBig=7wExL9tGDaf4P1ox2yZ8hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822152711430276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Heavy mineral statistical of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=7PbjWSnS1rOEuPMH5kjm/g==, figureFileBig=m8tvOwDP665hio/ufrHcWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822152812093573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图2, caption=川北及川西北地区寒武系沧浪铺组重矿物统计, figureFileSmall=7PbjWSnS1rOEuPMH5kjm/g==, figureFileBig=m8tvOwDP665hio/ufrHcWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822152875008134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Microscopic characteristics of typical lithic fragment types of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=CSL1fQTX/fTAVGsFSlHoEg==, figureFileBig=3NxMChdYoEV/kY7CgbVrpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822152942116999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图3, caption=川北及川西北地区寒武系沧浪铺组典型岩屑类型显微特征

a—葛底坝剖面,沧浪铺组上部粉—细砂岩,含海绿石; b—磨刀垭剖面,沧浪铺组下部粉—细砂岩,见硅质岩岩屑及粉砂岩岩屑; c—三堆剖面,沧浪铺组下部粉—细砂岩,见粉砂岩岩屑; d—陈家坝剖面,筇竹寺组上部粉砂岩,见玄武岩岩屑; e—双汇剖面,沧浪铺组上部粉—细砂岩,见硅质岩岩屑及粉砂岩岩屑; f—杨坝剖面,筇竹寺组上部粉砂岩,见硅质岩岩屑及粉砂岩岩屑

, figureFileSmall=CSL1fQTX/fTAVGsFSlHoEg==, figureFileBig=3NxMChdYoEV/kY7CgbVrpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153009225864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=pryyvNM42Qx5CJ4Y48a3Uw==, figureFileBig=t3+GkRfWF0ue+jqQJEG6AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153084723337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图4, caption=川北及川西北地区寒武系沧浪铺组锆石阴极发光图像

a—葛底坝剖面沧浪铺组样品锆石阴极发光图像; b—磨刀垭剖面沧浪铺组样品锆石阴极发光图像; c—三堆剖面沧浪铺组样品锆石阴极发光图像; d—陈家坝剖面沧浪铺组样品锆石阴极发光图像; e-f—双汇剖面沧浪铺组样品锆石阴极发光图像

, figureFileSmall=pryyvNM42Qx5CJ4Y48a3Uw==, figureFileBig=t3+GkRfWF0ue+jqQJEG6AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153156026506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Typical sedimentary structures of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=9G7kgsg7uNeB6PLLLZRfhQ==, figureFileBig=O8CBNaN3nY9+ssCNfNYoOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153214746763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图5, caption=川北及川西北地区寒武系沧浪铺组典型沉积构造

a—葛底坝剖面,沧浪铺组顶部潮汐沟道,发育槽状交错层理; b—葛底坝剖面,沧浪铺组上部板状—槽状交错层理,见逆粒序递变; c—磨刀垭剖面,沧浪铺组波痕; d—磨刀垭剖面,沧浪铺组下部粉砂岩,发育槽状交错层理; e—三堆剖面,沧浪铺组细砂岩,见多种交错层理; f—三堆剖面,沧浪铺组砾石,示最大扁平面; g—陈家坝剖面,筇竹寺组顶部波痕; h—双汇剖面,沧浪铺组上部粉—细砂岩,发育槽状交错层理; i—杨坝剖面,沧浪铺组上部波痕; j—杨坝剖面,沧浪铺组上部粉—细砂岩,发育槽状交错层理

, figureFileSmall=9G7kgsg7uNeB6PLLLZRfhQ==, figureFileBig=O8CBNaN3nY9+ssCNfNYoOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153294438540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Rose diagram of palaeocurrent directions of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=z+o4syPGGbNnefx1N43o4Q==, figureFileBig=d2ObEewk3419wl37+NKGnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153357353101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图6, caption=川北及川西北地区寒武系沧浪铺组古水流方向玫瑰图, figureFileSmall=z+o4syPGGbNnefx1N43o4Q==, figureFileBig=d2ObEewk3419wl37+NKGnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153441239182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Sedimentary facies correlation cross-section of the Lower Cambrian at typical field outcrops in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=IIqpLgoLZEL4n2mrVElb7w==, figureFileBig=YAhSdqwFXN7kL8V8m7ACMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153516736655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图7, caption=川北及川西北地区典型野外露头下寒武统沉积相对比剖面, figureFileSmall=IIqpLgoLZEL4n2mrVElb7w==, figureFileBig=YAhSdqwFXN7kL8V8m7ACMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153592234128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Sedimentary palaeogeography and provenance distribution of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=BcXLBuiZYetQxd6mQOIrfg==, figureFileBig=dWt608JEFUtnGX+IfWvKvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153650954385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=图8, caption=川北及川西北地区早寒武世沉积古地理及物源分布

a—筇一段沉积期; b—筇二段沉积期; c—沧一段沉积期; d—沧二段沉积期; 图中黑色虚线为四川盆地边界线

, figureFileSmall=BcXLBuiZYetQxd6mQOIrfg==, figureFileBig=dWt608JEFUtnGX+IfWvKvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822153713868946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Cambrian stratigraphic division scheme for various tectonic zones in Sichuan Basin(modified from Zhang et al., 2023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1309822153772589203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川盆地各构造区寒武系地层划分方案(据张亚等,2023;有修改)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1309822153835503764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sedimentary facies division scheme for northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积相 主要岩石类型 识别标志 典型剖面、钻井,及其层位
冲积扇 砾岩、砂质砾岩 砾石杂乱堆积,磨圆分选差,局部叠瓦状构造 三堆剖面(沧浪铺组)
滨岸 粉砂岩、细砂岩 板状及槽状交错层理、浪成波痕、生物扰动 陈家坝剖面(沧浪铺组)
扇三角洲 含砾砂岩、岩屑砂岩、砾岩 粒序层理、冲刷面、槽状交错层理、叠瓦状砾石 磨刀垭剖面(沧浪铺组),双汇剖面(沧二段)
陆棚 浅水陆棚 粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩 水平层理、波状层理、小型交错层理,砂泥互层 葛底坝、陈家坝、杨坝剖面(筇竹寺组)
深水陆棚 泥页岩、硅质泥岩 水平层理,黄铁矿发育,碳质含量高 陈家坝剖面(筇竹寺组下部)
碳酸盐岩台地 鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩 块状层理、交错层理,鲕粒发育 杨坝、双汇剖面(沧一段/仙女洞组)
), ArticleFig(id=1309822153923584149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822145623056425, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

川北及川西北地区沉积相划分方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积相 主要岩石类型 识别标志 典型剖面、钻井,及其层位
冲积扇 砾岩、砂质砾岩 砾石杂乱堆积,磨圆分选差,局部叠瓦状构造 三堆剖面(沧浪铺组)
滨岸 粉砂岩、细砂岩 板状及槽状交错层理、浪成波痕、生物扰动 陈家坝剖面(沧浪铺组)
扇三角洲 含砾砂岩、岩屑砂岩、砾岩 粒序层理、冲刷面、槽状交错层理、叠瓦状砾石 磨刀垭剖面(沧浪铺组),双汇剖面(沧二段)
陆棚 浅水陆棚 粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩 水平层理、波状层理、小型交错层理,砂泥互层 葛底坝、陈家坝、杨坝剖面(筇竹寺组)
深水陆棚 泥页岩、硅质泥岩 水平层理,黄铁矿发育,碳质含量高 陈家坝剖面(筇竹寺组下部)
碳酸盐岩台地 鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩 块状层理、交错层理,鲕粒发育 杨坝、双汇剖面(沧一段/仙女洞组)
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川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应*
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石学文 1, 3 , 韦明洋 1, 2 , 王兴志 1, 2 , 朱逸青 3 , 李勇 3 , 张驰 3 , 刘一星 1, 2 , 张咏仪 1, 2 , 侯海莉 1, 2
古地理学报 | 纪念冯增昭先生百年诞辰专题 2026,28(3): 934-948
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古地理学报 |纪念冯增昭先生百年诞辰专题 2026 , 28 (3) : 934 -948
川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应*
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石学文1, 3 , 韦明洋1, 2 , 王兴志1, 2 , 朱逸青3, 李勇3, 张驰3, 刘一星1, 2, 张咏仪1, 2, 侯海莉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 四川成都 610500
  • 2 油气藏地质与开发全国重点实验室, 西南石油大学, 四川成都 610500
  • 3 中国石油西南油气田分公司, 四川成都 610051
通讯作者:
韦明洋,男,1991年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事沉积及古地理学方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
王兴志,男,1964年生,博士,教授,主要从事储层沉积学等方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
作者简介:

谨以此文纪念冯增昭先生诞辰100周年。

石学文,男,1982年生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事页岩油气勘探开发方面的研究工作。E-mail: 。

Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin
Xuewen SHI1, 3 , Mingyang WEI1, 2 , Xingzhi WANG1, 2 , Yiqing ZHU3, Yong LI3, Chi ZHANG3, Yixing LIU1, 2, Yongyi ZHANG1, 2, Haili HOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 3 Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WEI Mingyang,born in 1991,is a Ph.D. and assistant researcher. He is mainly engaged in the research of sedimentology and palaeogeography. E-mail: .
    WANG Xingzhi,born in 1964,is a Ph.D. and professor. He is mainly engaged in teaching and research in reservoir sedimentology. E-mail: .

    SHI Xuewen,born in 1982,is a master and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in the research of shale oil and gas exploration and development. E-mail: .

出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119
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川北及川西北地区早寒武世沉积记录了扬子板块北西缘多物源体系差异演化的关键信息。以川西北广元—北川和川北南江—旺苍地区下寒武统露头剖面为研究对象,综合运用重矿物鉴定、岩屑成分统计、锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及古水流测量等沉积学分析,系统开展了该时期物源示踪与古地理重建。结果表明: (1)研究区早寒武世存在摩天岭、彭灌、汉南3大物源区,三者在形成时间、构造属性及母岩性质上显著不同; (2)川西北地区受古特提斯洋俯冲控制,摩天岭物源区主要持续提供酸性岩浆岩及硅质岩碎屑,彭灌物源区于筇二段沉积期始现水下隆起,至沧浪铺期演化为暴露的火山岛弧,主要提供基性岩浆岩(玄武岩)碎屑; (3)川北地区受古秦岭洋活动影响,汉南物源区呈阶段性演化,筇竹寺组—沧一段(仙女洞组)沉积期被淹没,川北发育鲕粒灰岩,沧二段(阎王碥组)暴露供源,形成冲积扇—扇三角洲粗碎屑沉积; (4)沧浪铺晚期3大物源区全部暴露,同时供源,形成川西北持续碎屑充填与川北三段式沉积响应的古地理分异格局。本研究为扬子北西缘早寒武世多板块相互作用提供了新的沉积学证据。

物源分析  /  古地理响应  /  早寒武世  /  川北及川西北地区

The Early Cambrian sedimentary successions in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin record critical information on the differential evolution of multiple provenance systems along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. This study focuses on Lower Cambrian outcrop sections in the Guangyuan-Beichuan area(northwestern Sichuan)and the Nanjiang-Wangcang area(northern Sichuan). Through integrated sedimentological analyses including heavy mineral identification,lithic fragment composition statistics,cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of detrital zircons,and palaeocurrent measurements,a systematic provenance tracing and palaeogeographic reconstruction were conducted. The results indicate that: (1)Three major source areas existed during the Early Cambrian in the study area—the Motianling,Pengguan,and Hannan provenances—which differ significantly in formation age,tectonic affinity,and parent rock lithology.(2)In northwestern Sichuan Basin,controlled by Palaeo-Tethyan subduction,the Motianling provenance continuously supplied felsic igneous and siliceous rock detritus,whereas the Pengguan provenance first emerged as a submarine high during the second member of the Qiongzhusi Formation and evolved into an exposed volcanic island arc by the Canglangpu stage,predominantly supplying mafic igneous(basaltic)detritus.(3)In northern Sichuan Basin,influenced by the Proto-Qinling Ocean,the Hannan provenance exhibited episodic evolution: during deposition of the Qiongzhusi Formation through the first member of the Canglangpu Formation(Xianfengdong Formation),it remained submerged and oolitic limestones developed in the northern Sichuan area;during the second member of the Canglangpu Formation(Yanwangbian Formation),it became subaerially exposed,forming alluvial fan-fan delta coarse clastic deposits.(4)By the late Canglangpu stage,all three source areas were exposed simultaneously,resulting in a palaeogeographic differentiation pattern characterized by sustained clastic infilling in northwestern Sichuan and a tripartite sedimentary response in northern Sichuan. This study provides new sedimentological evidence for multi-plate interactions along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during the Early Cambrian.

provenance analysis  /  palaeogeographic response  /  Early Cambrian  /  northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin
石学文, 韦明洋, 王兴志, 朱逸青, 李勇, 张驰, 刘一星, 张咏仪, 侯海莉. 川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应*. 古地理学报, 2026 , 28 (3) : 934 -948 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119
Xuewen SHI, Mingyang WEI, Xingzhi WANG, Yiqing ZHU, Yong LI, Chi ZHANG, Yixing LIU, Yongyi ZHANG, Haili HOU. Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2026 , 28 (3) : 934 -948 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119
源汇系统研究将沉积物从源区剥蚀、搬运输导到汇区堆积的全过程作为统一系统进行统筹分析(赵红格和刘池洋,2003;朱红涛等,2017;朱淑玥等,2023),为重建古老盆地物源体系与古地理格局提供了重要方法论支撑。扬子板块北西缘下寒武统沧浪铺组是四川盆地重要沉积层系,其物源体系与沉积格局研究长期存在分歧。物源方面: 李皎和何登发(2014)认为受汉南古陆和摩天岭古陆双重影响; 张英利等(2019)提出汉南古陆不发育,主要物源为碧口地块和康滇古陆; 李红等(2021)则强调汉南古陆持续供源; 邓豪爽等(2024)进一步提出沧一段沉积受汉南古陆、绵阳—长宁拉张槽及剑阁—旺苍凹陷三重控制。李永成等(2025)对彭灌地区黄水河群碎屑锆石年代学研究表明,扬子西缘在新元古代早期已处于活动大陆边缘环境,但彭灌地区在早寒武世是否作为独立火山岛弧物源区供源,以及川北与川西北沉积响应差异的物源控制机制等问题,尚缺乏系统研究。沉积相方面,前人对下寒武统各组段开展了系统研究,但不同层位之间的沉积格局演变仍存在认识差异。麦地坪组—筇竹寺组沉积期,受裂陷槽活动控制,沉积相带分异显著(郑马嘉等,2026),筇竹寺组在不同构造位置发育了各异的沉积体系(范海经等,2021;杨雨然等,2024)。至沧浪铺组沉积期,沉积格局发生明显转变,严威等(2020)提出沧一段存在“西浊东清”格局,周刚等(2024)识别出沧一段东西分异特征; 上覆龙王庙组则整体转变为碳酸盐岩台地沉积。上述沉积格局的时空演变与物源体系演化密切相关,但不同学者对沉积相展布的控制因素解释不一,其分歧的核心在于物源区属性与供源时限缺乏系统约束。
以川西北广元—北川及川北南江—旺苍地区下寒武统露头剖面为研究对象,综合运用重矿物鉴定、岩屑成分统计、锆石CL图像及古水流测量,系统开展物源示踪与沉积体系研究,旨在明确川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源区分布,各自母岩属性、供源方向与演化阶段,落实川北与川西北沉积差异的物源控制机制,并在此基础上,建立源汇耦合模式,为区域古地理重建提供依据。
四川盆地地处中国西南部,主体位于四川省中东部及重庆市大部,并向南延伸至贵州北部、向北延伸至陕西南部。研究区位于四川盆地西北部及北部,北侧以汉中市宁强县为界,东侧以巴中市南江县为界,南侧以德阳市广汉市为界,西侧以绵阳市北川县为界,涵盖广元、旺苍、江油、北川、苍溪等县市(图1)。
构造位置上,研究区处于扬子板块西北缘,是受龙门山构造带与米仓山隆起带共同控制的复杂构造区(Xu et al., 2021),西部紧邻龙门山冲断带,北部与米仓山隆起带相接。四川盆地为扬子地台的次一级构造单元,是经历多期构造演化形成的菱形大型多旋回叠合盆地,周缘有龙门山冲断带、米仓山隆起带、大巴山断褶带3个构造区,内部可划分为川东高陡断褶带、川南低陡褶带、川中平缓褶带、川西坳陷低陡带、川北坳陷低缓带5个次一级构造单元(何登发等,2011;Liu et al., 2021)。
晚震旦世—早寒武世,上扬子板块整体处于拉张构造背景之下(段金宝等,2019)。多期次的桐湾运动对盆地内部沉积格局产生深刻影响: 晚震旦世灯影期—早寒武世麦地坪期,区域性构造抬升导致上扬子地区发生差异升降运动,南北向展布的裂陷槽基本成型,形成“隆—坳相间”的古构造格局(汪泽成等,2014;魏国齐等,2015)。
筇竹寺期,扬子地台遭受大规模海侵,裂陷槽进入“填平补齐”阶段,接受来自周缘古陆的碎屑供给,发育以硅质泥岩、泥页岩和粉砂岩为主的较深水沉积,超覆于下伏灯影组或麦地坪组之上(黄博宇,2018)。至沧浪铺期,裂陷槽填平补齐基本完成,槽内外水体趋于统一,构造沉降差异减弱,隆—坳格局逐渐消失,区域古地理面貌转变为“西高东低、北陡南缓”的冲积扇—三角洲—滨岸—陆棚沉积体系(张宇航等,2012;邢凤存等,2015)。
从板块动力学背景看,早寒武世扬子板块西北缘为多板块相互作用格局。川西北地区受古特提斯洋洋壳向扬子板块俯冲的控制,处于活动大陆边缘环境,俯冲作用引发弧后岩浆活动与陆缘隆升,为摩天岭物源区和彭灌火山岛弧的形成提供了构造驱动力(Gu et al., 2025;Han et al., 2025)。川北地区则受古秦岭洋与扬子板块相互作用的影响,汉南地块及邻区发生阶段性构造隆升,形成汉南物源区(张英利等,2018;Sun and Dong, 2020)。上述2大构造域的差异演化,直接控制了研究区早寒武世的物源供给与沉积充填过程。
四川盆地寒武系发育较完整,自下而上依次划分为麦地坪组、筇竹寺组、沧浪铺组、龙王庙组、高台组及洗象池组,川西北及川北地区上部剥蚀严重(张满郎等,2010;李伟等,2012)。受盆地内部构造—古地理分异影响,不同构造单元的地层序列与岩石地层名称存在差异。川中隆起核部麦地坪组厚度减薄甚至局部缺失(刘树根等,2013);川中隆起北斜坡绵阳—广元一带地层序列变化明显,上统整体缺失; 米仓山前缘及川东北地区下统麦地坪组厚度较薄或基本缺失(黄博宇,2018)(表1)。
文中研究层位主要涉及下寒武统麦地坪组、筇竹寺组和沧浪铺组。麦地坪组在川西北地区为近百米厚的黑色硅质岩,富含磷质,属于深水盆地相沉积,与下伏灯影组和上覆筇竹寺组均为不整合接触。筇竹寺组岩性以粉砂岩、泥岩为主,属较深水陆棚相沉积(张满郎等,2010;李皎和何登发,2014)。沧浪铺组岩性组成区域变化显著: 沧一段与下伏筇竹寺组呈整合接触,川西地区以碎屑岩为主,川北地区发育鲕粒灰岩,称仙女洞组; 沧二段整合于沧一段之上,与上覆龙王庙组连续沉积,岩性以碎屑岩为主,川北地区称阎王碥组。上述“西碎东清”的岩相分异特征,是研究区物源体系差异演化的直接沉积响应。鉴于不同地层分区命名各异,采用统一的沧浪铺组二分方案(沧一段、沧二段)(严威等,2020),为物源分析与沉积响应研究提供统一地层格架(表1)。
选取川西北及川北地区6条(图1)下寒武统露头剖面开展系统研究。川西北地区包括广元葛底坝剖面、磨刀垭剖面、三堆剖面及北川陈家坝剖面,川北地区包括南江杨坝剖面和旺苍双汇剖面。在层位选择上,由于研究区麦地坪组和筇竹寺组以硅质岩、粉砂岩、泥岩等细粒沉积为主,川北沧一段(仙女洞组)及龙王庙组主要发育碳酸盐岩,均不适合开展物源分析,因此物源研究工作主要针对沧浪铺组碎屑岩段展开,具体包括川西北地区沧浪铺组碎屑岩及川北地区沧二段(阎王碥组)岩屑砂岩与砾岩层段。分析方法包括:
1)野外实测剖面,详细记录岩性组合与沉积构造,划分沉积相类型;
2)系统采集砂岩和砾岩样品,经重液分离与磁选富集重矿物,统计重矿物组合特征(于中石油勘探开发研究院杭州分院完成);
3)磨制薄片进行岩屑成分统计,判别母岩类型;
4)利用扫描电镜采集锆石阴极发光图像(于中石油勘探开发研究院杭州分院完成),根据环带结构与发光特征判别锆石成因; 野外测量波痕、斜层理及砾石叠瓦状排列等古水流标志,经产状校正后恢复古流向(杜远生,2018)。
通过重矿物组合、岩屑成分、锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及古水流测量等多元物源示踪方法的综合分析,在研究区早寒武世沉积中识别出3个不同属性的物源区,分别为摩天岭物源区、彭灌物源区及汉南物源区。三者在形成时间、构造属性、母岩性质、供源方向及演化阶段上存在显著差异。
代表剖面为广元地区的葛底坝剖面、磨刀垭剖面及三堆剖面。
重矿物特征: 3个剖面的重矿物组合各具特色,综合反映了摩天岭物源区的母岩属性与沉积环境。葛底坝剖面重矿物以黄铁矿(25.55%)和电气石(23.21%)占优势,角闪石含量为14.03%,锆石亦有一定含量,ZTR平均值约0.19(图2)。高电气石和锆石的存在明确指向酸性岩浆岩物源,而高角闪石则指示基性岩物源的贡献,反映源区岩性较为复杂(Hubert, 1962;Haughton et al., 1991;符芳亮等,2025)。磨刀垭剖面ZTR指数为0.3,表明碎屑经历了中等程度的风化但搬运距离不远; 不稳定矿物(磷灰石、角闪石)与稳定矿物(电气石)共存,是典型近源搬运的标志(图2)(Morton and Hallsworth, 1994)。三堆剖面重矿物以极高的赤褐铁矿(32.18%)和磷灰石(21.76%)为特征(图2)。极高的磷灰石反映酸性岩浆岩(花岗岩)物源的快速剥蚀,极高的赤褐铁矿则是“近源快速氧化沉积”的典型组合,指示碎屑曾暴露于富氧环境,构造活动强烈、山体快速隆升、基岩被快速剥蚀并短距离搬运至山前堆积(Blatt and Tuten, 1981)。
岩屑特征: 砂岩薄片鉴定表明,葛底坝剖面沧浪铺组岩屑以粉砂岩岩屑、硅质岩岩屑为主,见海绿石,颗粒分选中等至差,形态为次棱角—次圆状(图3-a)。磨刀垭剖面沧浪铺组岩屑砂岩中可见硅质岩岩屑和粉砂岩岩屑,海绿石大量存在(图3-b)。三堆剖面岩屑以粉砂岩、硅质岩为主。3条剖面均未见典型的基性火山岩岩屑,碎屑颗粒分选中等至差,形态以次棱角状—次圆状为主,反映近源搬运的沉积特征。
锆石CL图像特征: 锆石阴极发光图像显示(图4-a,4-b,4-c),绝大多数锆石颗粒具有清晰的振荡环带结构,颗粒形态棱角分明,长宽比较大。这些特征是典型岩浆成因锆石的鉴别标志,且棱角状形态指示搬运距离较短,物源区为就近的岩浆岩体。
砾石特征: 沧浪铺组砾岩层中砾石成分以黑色硅质岩为主,含少量白色石英岩及红色花岗岩砾石(图5-f),其黑色硅质岩源自早期麦地坪组。砾石磨圆度中等,多为次圆状—次棱角状,分选中等,反映搬运距离有限但经历了一定程度的磨蚀改造。三堆剖面砾岩极发育,磨圆较好的砾石指示高能的冲积扇或辫状河环境。砾石扁平面优势方位倾向NW,指示物源供给方向为自NW向SE(图5;图6)。
古水流方向: 野外古水流标志测量结果综合表明(图5-a到5-f;图6),波痕走向主体为NE-SW向,斜层理优势倾向为SE向,砾石扁平面倾向以NW向为主。综合判断古水流方向为自NW向SE流动,物源区位于研究区西北方向。
综上,摩天岭物源区母岩以酸性岩浆岩(基底)和沉积硅质岩(麦地坪组)为主,伴有基性岩及变质岩的贡献,沉积环境为浅海还原条件,搬运距离较短,供源方向为NW→SE。
代表剖面为绵阳北川陈家坝剖面。
重矿物特征: 陈家坝剖面沧浪铺组砂岩重矿物分析显示(图2),重矿物组合以白钛石(28.41%)和赤褐铁矿(22.05%)占绝对优势,黄铁矿、锆石等含量次之。白钛石是基性火山岩中钛铁矿的蚀变产物,赤褐铁矿是含铁矿物氧化的结果,这一组合明确反映基性物源区的属性,与摩天岭物源区的黄铁矿—电气石组合形成鲜明对比。
岩屑特征: 砂岩薄片鉴定结果显示(图3-d),岩屑颗粒中玄武岩岩屑占比极高,是彭灌物源区最具鉴别意义的特征组分。此外可见粉砂岩岩屑、玉髓及少量变质岩岩屑。玄武岩岩屑的大量出现直接证明近源存在基性火山岩体,为火山岛弧的识别提供了关键岩石学证据。碎屑颗粒分选中等至差,形态以次棱角状为主,指示搬运距离较近。砾石在剖面中较少出现,反映该剖面距离物源区较近且沉积时期水动力条件中等,不足以形成大规模的粗碎屑堆积。
锆石CL图像特征: 锆石阴极发光图像显示(图4-d),颗粒具有清晰的振荡环带,形态棱角分明,多呈相对大的长宽比形态。这些特征指示岩浆成因锆石且搬运距离较短,与基性火山岩的物源属性相吻合。
古水流方向: 野外古水流标志测量表明(图5-g;图6),波痕走向主体为NE-SW向,斜层理优势倾向为SE向,综合指示古水流方向为自NW向SE,与摩天岭物源区的供源方向基本一致,反映二者在空间上相邻、在供源方向上具有一定的协同性。
综上,彭灌物源区母岩以基性火山岩(玄武岩)为主,重矿物组合以白钛石+赤褐铁矿为标志,玄武岩岩屑的大量出现是其关键鉴别特征,供源方向为NW→SE。
代表剖面为南江的杨坝剖面和旺苍的双汇剖面。
重矿物特征: 以双汇剖面为例,沧二段砂岩重矿物分析结果显示(图2),重矿物组合以重晶石(21.42%)和白钛石(16.77%)为主,电气石(14.59%)、锆石(11.39%)、黄铁矿等矿物占比相近。ZTR指数均值为0.28,但数值波动较大,反映远物源背景上有事件性的近物源注入。白钛石、电气石、锆石的高含量表明稳定矿物高度富集,经历了较强的化学风化,指示近源沉积特征。重晶石含量高(硬度低,稳定性差)反映近源快速堆积或热液活动的影响。该组合整体体现酸性物源特征,与彭灌物源区的基性物源组合差异显著。
岩屑特征: 砂岩薄片鉴定显示,岩屑类型以粉砂岩岩屑、硅质岩岩屑及变质岩岩屑为主,未见基性火山岩岩屑。碎屑颗粒分选中等至差,形态为次棱角状—次圆状,反映搬运距离较短、水动力条件变化较大的沉积环境。
锆石CL图像特征: 锆石阴极发光图像呈现显著的混合型特征(图4-e,4-f),部分锆石具有清晰的振荡环带,指示岩浆成因; 另有部分锆石内部结构浑浊、环带模糊或消失,反映经历了变质作用的改造(吴元保和郑永飞,2004)。这种岩浆锆石与变质锆石共存的现象,明确指示物源区母岩为岩浆岩与变质岩的混合组合。
古水流方向: 野外古水流标志测量显示(图5-h,5-i,5-j;图6),波痕走向主体为E→W向至NE→SW向,斜层理优势倾向近S方向。综合判断古水流方向为自N向S流动,物源区位于研究区北部,与汉南地块的空间位置吻合。
综上,汉南物源区母岩为酸性岩浆岩与变质岩的混合组合及沉积硅质岩,重矿物组合以重晶石+白钛石+电气石+锆石为特征,锆石CL图像兼具岩浆与变质成因类型,供源方向为N→S。
综合川西北及川北地区6条露头剖面及区域钻井资料,在研究区下寒武统筇竹寺组—沧浪铺组识别出冲积扇、扇三角洲、滨岸、潮坪、陆棚、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘、斜坡、盆地等9种沉积相及若干亚相(李皎和何登发,2014;李亚丁等,2021;马石玉等,2021;邢倩等,2025)。各沉积相的岩石类型、识别标志及典型分布层位见表2。
选取川西北陈家坝、葛底坝、磨刀垭、三堆剖面及川北双汇、杨坝剖面,编制了自西向东横跨绵阳—长宁裂陷槽的下寒武统筇竹寺组—沧浪铺组剖面沉积相对比图(图7;剖面位置见图1)。
陈家坝剖面筇竹寺组中下部为深水陆棚与浅水陆棚相交替沉积,岩性以暗色泥页岩、粉砂质泥岩为主,反映该时期物源区尚未形成、陆源碎屑供给有限。筇竹寺组沉积晚期(筇二段)发育厚层粉砂岩,基本上已由浅水陆棚过渡为滨岸相,反映该时期彭灌物源区已初具雏形,但仍处于水下古隆起阶段。沧浪铺组下部为滨岸相细砂岩,上部过渡为扇三角洲相含砾岩屑粗砂岩,岩屑中玄武岩岩屑含量显著增加。该沉积序列表明,陈家坝剖面在沧浪铺组沉积期碎屑供给明显增强,且碎屑组分中出现大量基性火山岩岩屑,指示近源存在基性火山岩物源的输入。
葛底坝剖面筇竹寺组主要发育深水—浅水陆棚相粉砂岩、泥岩。沧浪铺组为扇三角洲相含砾砂岩,碎屑粒度明显增粗,反映摩天岭物源区持续供源背景下供给增强。
磨刀垭剖面沉积序列对物源演化响应最为敏锐。筇竹寺组下部(筇一1亚段)为浅水陆棚相,中部(筇一2亚段)过渡为滨岸相,上部(筇二段)即出现扇三角洲相沉积,与彭灌物源区筇二段水下隆起形成时间吻合。沧浪铺组整体为扇三角洲相,向上粒度增粗。
三堆剖面仅出露筇竹寺组上部浅水陆棚—滨岸相粉砂岩,至沧浪铺组迅速过渡为细砂岩、粗砂岩及厚层砾岩,砾石叠瓦状构造指示NW→SE古水流方向,反映沧浪铺期物源区强烈隆升、粗碎屑快速进积。
双汇剖面与杨坝剖面沉积序列相似,呈典型三段式结构。与裂陷槽西侧各剖面相比,川北地区筇竹寺组厚度明显减薄,下部筇一1亚段普遍缺失,仅发育筇一2亚段深水陆棚相及筇二段浅水陆棚相沉积,反映汉南物源区此时为水下隆起、供源较弱。沧一段(仙女洞组)突变为鲕粒灰岩,属碳酸盐岩开阔台地相,指示陆源供给中断,与汉南物源区淹没事件吻合。沧二段(阎王碥组)发育扇三角洲相岩屑砂岩及厚层砾岩,砾石分选差、呈次棱角状,反映汉南古陆暴露后近源快速堆积。
连井剖面对比揭示,川西北地区筇竹寺组呈现深水陆棚→浅水陆棚→滨岸→扇三角洲的进积序列,沧浪铺组以扇三角洲相为主,反映摩天岭与彭灌双物源持续供源、强度不断增大。其中磨刀垭剖面筇二段扇三角洲出现、陈家坝剖面玄武岩岩屑富集,分别对应彭灌物源区水下隆起形成与火山岛弧暴露2个关键节点。
川北地区呈现筇竹寺组细碎屑岩→沧一段鲕粒灰岩→沧二段粗碎屑岩的三段式序列,与汉南物源区“水下隆起→淹没沉寂→暴露供源”的阶段性演化高度耦合。沧一段鲕粒灰岩是淹没事件的直接响应,沧二段厚层砾岩标志着汉南古陆暴露与大规模供源。
上述差异表明,川西北持续进积与川北阶段性突变2种沉积模式,是不同物源体系供源方式差异在盆地沉积记录中的具体体现。
彭灌物源区火山岛弧属性的识别,建立在多重物源证据的相互印证之上。从岩屑组分看,北川陈家坝剖面沧浪铺组砂岩中玄武岩岩屑占比较高,颗粒呈次棱角状、分选中等至差(图3-d),指示近源基性火山岩的快速剥蚀与堆积,这是判别火山岛弧物源最直接、最具鉴别意义的标志。从重矿物组合看,白钛石(28.41%)和赤褐铁矿(22.05%)的富集(图2),与基性火山岩中钛铁矿蚀变及含铁矿物氧化的产物特征一致,与摩天岭物源区黄铁矿—电气石组合和汉南物源区重晶石—白钛石组合形成显著差异,为3大物源区的划分提供了定量依据。从锆石CL图像看,清晰的岩浆振荡环带和棱角状形态,指示岩浆成因且搬运距离有限,与近源火山岩物源属性吻合。从古水流方向看,波痕走向NE→SW、斜层理倾向SE(图5-g;图6),指示物源来自NW方向,与彭灌物源区的空间位置一致。
上述多方法物源示踪结果相互印证,共同指示彭灌物源区为近源基性火山岩物源。该物源区的演化具有明显阶段性: 筇竹寺期为水下隆起,供源能力有限; 沧浪铺期演化为暴露的火山岛弧,开始大量提供基性火山岩碎屑。这一由水下隆起向暴露岛弧的转变过程,是该物源区区别于摩天岭和汉南物源区的最重要特征。
彭灌物源区与摩天岭物源区在空间上均位于研究区西北部,供源方向均为NW→SE,但母岩性质截然不同,摩天岭以酸性岩浆岩为主,彭灌以基性火山岩为主。二者在沧浪铺期同时供源,构成双物源叠加的供给格局。这一物源组合特征决定了川西北地区沧浪铺组碎屑成分的复杂性,岩屑砂岩中既可见变质岩屑(摩天岭来源),也富含玄武岩屑(彭灌来源),碎屑组分的双重性是川西北区别于川北的重要物源特征。
汉南物源区最显著的特征是其“水下隆起→淹没沉寂→暴露供源”的阶段性演化,这一演化历程在川北地区留下了完整的3阶段式沉积记录(图7),是物源控制沉积的最典型例证。
筇竹寺组沉积期,杨坝剖面、双汇剖面以陆棚相粉砂岩、泥岩为主,碎屑粒度细,砂岩夹层少而薄。重矿物含量低,岩屑类型单一,反映汉南地区处于水下隆起状态,供源能力有限,仅能提供少量细粒碎屑。此阶段沉积面貌与川西北同期沉积差异不大,均以细粒陆源碎屑为主。
沧一段沉积期,川北地区岩性突变为鲕粒灰岩,指示高能清水沉积环境,表明陆源碎屑供给中断。这一物源沉寂事件标志着汉南物源区由水下隆起转变为碳酸盐岩台地,不再受碎屑物质影响。这与同时期的川西北存在显著差异。
沧二段沉积期,川北地区岩性突变为岩屑砂岩与砾岩,构成向上变粗的沉积序列。碎屑粒度粗、分选差,粒序层理和冲刷面发育,反映近源快速堆积。重矿物组合以重晶石和白钛石为主,电气石和锆石含量较高(图2),反映远物源背景上有事件性的近物源注入; 锆石CL图像兼具岩浆环带与变质浑浊特征(图4-e,4-f),指示酸性岩浆岩与变质岩混合母岩; 古水流方向为N→S(图5-h,5-i,5-j),与汉南物源区供源方向一致。上述物源证据共同证实,沧二段粗碎屑岩的物源来自汉南地区。这一粗碎屑事件标志着汉南物源区由淹没状态转变为暴露剥蚀状态,并开始大规模供源。
综上,川北地区筇竹寺组细碎屑岩→沧一段鲕粒灰岩→沧二段粗碎屑岩的3阶段式沉积序列,与汉南物源区水下隆起(弱供源)→淹没沉寂(供源中断)→暴露剥蚀(强供源)的阶段性演化呈一一对应关系。这种沉积序列与物源演化的高度耦合,为物源分析结论提供了来自盆地沉积记录的独立验证。
川西北与川北沧浪铺期沉积特征差异显著,其根源在于二者分属不同的物源体系控制。
川西北地区受摩天岭与彭灌双物源共同控制。摩天岭物源区自筇竹寺期开始供源,母岩以酸性岩浆岩和沉积硅质岩为主; 彭灌物源区于沧浪铺期加入供源,母岩以基性火山岩为主。二者供源方向均为NW→SE,双物源叠加使川西北地区陆源碎屑供给从未中断。因此,川西北沧浪铺组以碎屑岩为主,无明显二分性,不发育碳酸盐沉积。沉积序列表现为由筇竹寺组陆棚相细碎屑岩向沧浪铺组滨岸—扇三角洲相碎屑岩过渡,碎屑粒度逐渐增粗,反映物源供给逐渐增强的趋势。
川北地区受汉南单物源控制,且该物源区的供源具有明显的阶段性。筇竹寺期汉南为水下隆起,供源微弱; 沧一段期被淹没,供源中断; 沧二段期暴露剥蚀,供源骤增。这一阶段性供源特征导致川北沧浪铺组二分性显著: 沧一段因供源中断发育碳酸盐岩台地,沧二段因供源恢复发育扇三角洲粗碎屑沉积。川北地区沉积序列表现为细碎屑岩→碳酸盐岩→粗碎屑岩的3阶段式结构,与物源区演化阶段一一对应。
上述对比表明,物源区的数量、母岩性质及供源持续性,直接决定了盆地内部的沉积面貌。持续供源形成连续碎屑充填,阶段性供源形成碎屑—碳酸盐—碎屑的旋回式沉积,多物源叠加则造成碎屑组分的复杂化。川西北与川北的沉积分异,本质上是不同物源体系供源方式差异在沉积记录中的体现。
综合物源分析与沉积响应,研究区早寒武世物源-沉积耦合可概括为3阶段演化模式。
筇竹寺期,物源供给呈现递进演化特征。筇一段沉积期,摩天岭物源区为唯一供源区,供源方向NW→SE,供源强度较弱,裂陷槽内为深水陆棚相沉积,两侧为浅水陆棚相沉积(图8-a)。至筇二段沉积期,彭灌地区开始出现水下隆起,与摩天岭物源区共同供源,川西北地区碎屑供给增强,开始出现扇三角洲沉积(图8-b)。该时期川中地区为碳酸盐岩剥蚀区,未提供物源供给。
沧一段沉积期,摩天岭持续供源,彭灌火山岛弧开始暴露供源,汉南淹没、供源中断。川西北受双物源控制,持续发育碎屑滨岸—扇三角洲沉积; 川北因供源中断,转变为碳酸盐岩台地沉积。古地理呈现“西碎东清”的分异格局,物源供给区域差异直接控制了沉积相的东西分异(图8-c)。
沧二段沉积期,三大物源区全部暴露并同时供源,盆地碎屑供给达到鼎盛。川西北受摩天岭(酸性岩浆岩)与彭灌(基性火山岩)双物源控制,川北受汉南(酸性岩浆岩+变质岩)物源控制,扇三角洲粗碎屑自NW和N 2个方向向盆地进积,构成多物源汇聚的沉积格局(图8-d)。
上述物源-沉积耦合模式表明,物源区的形成时间、演化阶段与供源强度的时空变化,是控制盆地沉积充填的核心因素。本研究建立的“3大物源区—2套沉积域—3阶段演化”的源汇框架,可为四川盆地早寒武世岩相古地理重建提供物源约束。沧一段鲕粒灰岩作为汉南物源区淹没事件的标志层,沧二段粗碎屑岩作为汉南物源区暴露供源的产物,可作为区域地层对比和物源体系识别的关键沉积标志。
1)川西北及川北地区早寒武世存在摩天岭、彭灌、汉南3大物源区。摩天岭物源区形成最早,母岩为酸性岩浆岩及沉积硅质岩,自筇竹寺组沉积早期至沧浪铺期持续供源;彭灌物源区于筇二段始现水下隆起,提供NW至SE的物源供给,沧浪铺期演化为火山岛弧,母岩为基性火山岩,提供NW至SE的物源供给;汉南物源区母岩为酸性岩浆岩与变质岩混合,呈阶段性演化,提供由N向S的物源供给。
2)川西北地区在筇竹寺组沉积期主要受摩天岭物源区影响,沉积了浅水陆棚相细碎屑岩; 进入沧浪铺组沉积期,随着彭灌火山岛弧暴露,转为受摩天岭与彭灌双物源共同控制,陆源碎屑供给增强,沧浪铺组以碎屑岩为主,无明显二分性,缺乏碳酸盐沉积。玄武岩岩屑的富集是彭灌物源区沧浪铺期供源的直接证据。
3)汉南物源区“水下隆起→淹没沉寂→暴露供源”的阶段性演化,导致川北地区呈现筇竹寺组细碎屑岩→沧一段鲕粒灰岩→沧二段粗碎屑岩的三段式沉积序列,沧一段鲕粒灰岩和沧二段粗碎屑岩分别为淹没与暴露事件的标志性沉积响应。
4)沧浪铺组沉积晚期3大物源区全部暴露并同时供源,川西北持续碎屑充填与川北3阶段式沉积响应的差异,根源在于物源体系供源方式的不同。本研究建立的“3大物源区—2套沉积域—3阶段演化”源汇框架,为区域古地理重建提供了物源约束。
  • *四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFSC0093)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42502154)
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doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119
  • 接收时间:2026-02-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-24
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-21
  • 修回日期:2026-04-28
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(24NSFSC0093)
*四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFSC0093)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42502154)
国家自然科学基金项目(42502154)
作者信息
    1 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 四川成都 610500
    2 油气藏地质与开发全国重点实验室, 西南石油大学, 四川成都 610500
    3 中国石油西南油气田分公司, 四川成都 610051

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韦明洋,男,1991年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事沉积及古地理学方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
王兴志,男,1964年生,博士,教授,主要从事储层沉积学等方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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