Article(id=1309816938105237794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7605/gdlxb.2026.077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=1761494400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790214293266, onlineDateStr=2026-09-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790214293266, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790214293266, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790214293266, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309816719896568193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, year='2026', volume='28', issue='4', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1630', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790214241241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790214365545, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309817241349223276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309817241349223277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1564, endPage=1584, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309816938306564387, articleId=1309816938105237794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=EN, title=Genesis and pore evolution of bioclastic dolomite in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, columnId=1309812598359548160, journalTitle=Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), columnName=OIL AND GAS GEOLOGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The continuous discovery of giant hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental rift basins has highlighted bioclastic dolomite reservoirs as a promising new exploration frontier. This study integrates petrography,geochemistry,and in-situ isotopic techniques to investigate the genesis and pore evolution of bioclastic dolomite reservoirs in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijiutuo uplift of Bohai Bay Basin. The results reveal the following: (1)Three sets of bioclastic dolomite reservoirs are developed,and four types of replacive dolomites are identified—micritic envelope dolomite(ME),micritic-fine crystalline matrix dolomite(MD),early fibrous dolomite cement(CD1),and late mosaic dolomite cement(CD2). (2)Two dolomitization mechanisms are proposed: reflux and burial dolomitization,elucidating the genesis of different dolomite types. ME,MD,and early CD1 formed under hypersaline reflux conditions in hot,semi-saline,lacustrine shallow shoals. (3)In the high-temperature,closed diagenetic environment of the shallow burial stage,organic acids generated from kerogen thermal decomposition promoted the dissolution-reprecipitation of MD and CD1 to form CD2. Concurrently,pore fluids rich in Mg2+ released by compaction,together with retained connate water,facilitated CD2 cementation,filling intergranular pores. (4)During the synsedimentary stage,meteoric freshwater leaching selectively dissolved aragonite and high-Mg calcite,forming early secondary pores such as moldic and intrabioclastic cavities. In the middle to late burial stage,abundant organic acid production and hydrocarbon charging led to non-selective dissolution and microfracture development. However,reservoir space remains dominated by primary intergranular pores and early secondary pores. By coupling in-situ isotopic temperature reconstruction with multi-stage dolomitization mechanisms,this study refines previous models focused solely on reflux and mixing-zone dolomitization and provides a theoretical framework and predictive approach for reservoir quality enhancement and efficient hydrocarbon development in bioclastic dolomite reservoirs.

, authors=Chunjing ZAN1, Hancheng JI1, Wanli JIA2, Liang CHEN3, Zhaowen SHI4, Yinjun HE5, Tao CAI5, Yunpeng SHAN6, authorsList=Chunjing ZAN, Hancheng JI, Wanli JIA, Liang CHEN, Zhaowen SHI, Yinjun HE, Tao CAI, Yunpeng SHAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hancheng JI, authorNote=

ZAN Chunjing,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in research on geology. E-mail: .

, correspAuthorsNote=
JI Hancheng,born in 1966,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor. He is mainly engaged in researches on reservoir geology and sedimentology. E-mail: .
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309816940990918969, articleId=1309816938105237794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=CN, title=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩成因及孔隙演化*, columnId=1309816856651858710, journalTitle=古地理学报, columnName=石油与天然气地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

陆相断陷盆地中持续发现的巨型油气藏揭示生屑云岩储集层已成为重要勘探新领域。结合岩相学、地球化学和原位微区同位素技术,聚焦渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部古近系沙河街组二段(沙二段,Es2)生屑云岩储集层,揭示了生屑云岩白云石化成因及其孔隙演化规律。研究表明: (1)沙二段发育3套生屑云岩储集层,确定了4种类型的交代白云石: 泥晶包膜(ME)、泥晶—细晶基质白云石(MD)、早期纤柱状白云石(CD1)与晚期镶嵌状白云石(CD2);(2)提出渗透回流和埋藏作用2种白云石化成因,揭示不同类型白云石的形成机理,ME、MD和早期CD1产状白云石发育于干热咸水、滨湖浅滩环境下的高盐卤水渗透回流作用; (3)浅埋藏期高温封闭成岩环境中,有机质热解产生的有机酸驱动MD和CD1溶解—再沉淀形成CD2;同时成岩压实释放的富Mg2+孔隙水与封存同生水协同参与CD2胶结,充填粒间孔隙; (4)同生期大气淡水淋滤通过选择性溶蚀作用,生成铸模孔和生物体腔孔等早期次生孔隙, 中—深埋藏后期大量有机酸生成与油气充注引发非选择性溶蚀和微裂缝发育,但储集空间仍以原生粒间孔和早期次生孔为主。本研究将微区同位素温度重建与多期白云石化机理耦合,完善了以往回流渗透与混合水白云石化作用的偏颇观点,为生屑云岩储集层改造与油气藏高效开发提供了理论依据和预测思路。

, authors=昝春景1, 季汉成1, 贾万丽2, 陈亮3, 史朝文4, 贺银军5, 蔡涛5, 单云鹏6, authorsList=昝春景, 季汉成, 贾万丽, 陈亮, 史朝文, 贺银军, 蔡涛, 单云鹏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=季汉成, authorNote=

昝春景,女,1997年生,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: 。

, correspAuthorsNote=
季汉成,男,1966年生,教授、博士生导师,主要从事储集层地质学与沉积学研究。E-mail: 。
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ZAN Chunjing,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in research on geology. E-mail: .

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昝春景,女,1997年生,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: 。

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昝春景,女,1997年生,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: 。

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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(7): 1217-1232., articleTitle=The composition of the continental crust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816960716730877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=162, issue=null, pageStart=106694, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Xiong Z H, Cao Y C, Liang C, journalName=Marine and Petroleum Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiong Z H, Cao Y C, Liang C. 2024. Characteristics and origin of crystalline dolomite: a case from Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained rocks in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 162: 106694., articleTitle=Characteristics and origin of crystalline dolomite: a case from Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained rocks in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816961081635326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=235, issue=null, pageStart=262, pageEnd=275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Xu H, Ai L, Tan L C, An Z S, journalName=Chemical Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu H, Ai L, Tan L C, An Z S. 2006. Stable isotopes in bulk carbonates and organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Qinghai and their climatic implications. Chemical Geology, 235: 262-275., articleTitle=Stable isotopes in bulk carbonates and organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Qinghai and their climatic implications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816961161327104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=287, issue=null, pageStart=104508, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=74, authorNames=Zeng W R, Wang B R, Chen X, Fu G B, Zhang Z H, Huang Z L, journalName=International Journal of Coal Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng W R, Wang B R, Chen X, Fu G B, Zhang Z H, Huang Z L. 2024. Geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of organic-rich source rocks of mixed sedimentary strata in continental saline lacustrine basin: a case study of Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Shishugou sag,Junggar Basin,Northwest China. International Journal of Coal Geology, 287: 104508., articleTitle=Geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of organic-rich source rocks of mixed sedimentary strata in continental saline lacustrine basin: a case study of Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Shishugou sag,Junggar Basin,Northwest China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816961488482817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=265, issue=null, pageStart=104167, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Zhang S Y, Shao M, Wang T, Pei Y, Chen B, journalName=International Journal of Coal Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S Y, Shao M, Wang T, Pei Y, Chen B. 2023. Geochemistry of lacustrine carbonate rocks in southwestern Qaidam: implications of silicate weathering and carbon burial triggered by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 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a—构造位置; b—地层柱状图; c—沙河街组岩性柱状图; d—沉积相分布

, figureFileSmall=PFSWseYLw3xfmZEdI/EA7w==, figureFileBig=ZG5TDUZ8kxyGcYYqGpsApQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949262086538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Petrographic and physical property data of bioclastic dolomite reservoirs in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=H/V14n32zmpKKb2FiHtquA==, figureFileBig=eew3VcNqGHMNIsY+WYTI0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949325001099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图2, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生屑云岩段储集层岩石矿物组成及物性数据图, figureFileSmall=H/V14n32zmpKKb2FiHtquA==, figureFileBig=eew3VcNqGHMNIsY+WYTI0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949400498572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Lithological characteristics of bioclastic dolostone in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=fiURx9L5zTBpSTRXPGDgHA==, figureFileBig=MQ8J5yacyYxQNeK3w9+AtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949467607437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图3, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生屑云岩岩石学特征

a—Q3632井,3777.35~3777.4 m,介形虫等生物钻孔(黄色箭头);b—Q3632井,3780 m,生屑云岩中生物骨架(OL)、早期白云石胶结物(CD1)和晚期白云石胶结物(CD2),单偏光; c—Q3632井,3780 m,正交光; d—Q3632井,3777.5 m,生屑云岩中泥晶包膜(ME)、早期白云石胶结物(CD1)和晚期白云石胶结物(CD2),单偏光; e—Q3632井,3777.5 m,正交光; f—Q3632井,3777.5 m,阴极发光,其中生物碎屑泥晶包膜(ME)暗红棕色光,早期白云石胶结物(CD1)暗橘红色光,晚期白云石胶结物(CD2)亮橘红色光; g—Q3632井,3764.13 m,介形虫碎屑壳壁(ME)和早期白云石胶结物(CD1)和晚期白云石胶结物(CD2),单偏光; h—Q3632井,3764.13 m,正交光; i—Q3632井,3764.13 m,阴极发光,基质白云石(MD)红色光,生物碎屑泥晶包膜(ME)暗橘红色光,陆源碎屑(G)不发光,早期白云石胶结物(CD1)暗橘红色光和晚期白云石胶结物(CD2)亮橘红色光,高岭石靛蓝色光,CL;j—Q3632井,3768.83 m,生物碎屑外缘泥晶包膜(ME)及纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1),单偏光; k—Q3632井,3777.38 m,生物壳体及微晶白云石包膜,SEM; l—Q3632井,3766.83 m,生物壳体(螺)被白云石微晶包膜,SEM

, figureFileSmall=fiURx9L5zTBpSTRXPGDgHA==, figureFileBig=MQ8J5yacyYxQNeK3w9+AtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949551493518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Reservoir petrophysical characteristics and micro-scale storage space features of bioclastic dolostone in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=/MU9PHCcb8fUjS7kg9Nr5w==, figureFileBig=gTpE1do9+/Gd9ixsQvoPWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949635379599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图4, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段东部生屑云岩储集层物性特征及储集空间微观特征图

a—沙二段孔渗交会图; b—白云石和方解石含量与孔隙度关系图; c—不同粒屑类型与孔隙度关系图; d—Q3632井,3763.83 m,亮晶鲕粒生屑云岩,发育大量生物体腔孔,单偏光; e—Q3632井,3777.5 m,亮晶生屑云岩,生物体腔孔,单偏光; f—Q3632井,3765.03 m,亮晶陆屑生屑云岩,生物体腔孔及铸模孔,单偏光; g—Q3632井,3763.83 m,亮晶鮞粒生屑云岩,发育大量生物体腔孔和非选择性白云石溶蚀孔(紫色箭头),单偏光;h—Q3632井,3763.83 m,亮晶鮞粒生屑云岩,铸模孔和非选择性粒间白云石胶结物溶孔(紫色箭头)和鮞粒内方解石胶结物溶孔,单偏光;i—Q3632井,3777.35 m,亮晶鲕粒生屑云岩,非选择性溶蚀微裂缝(橙色箭头)和生物体腔孔,单偏光

, figureFileSmall=/MU9PHCcb8fUjS7kg9Nr5w==, figureFileBig=gTpE1do9+/Gd9ixsQvoPWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949710877072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=UCC-nomalized trace element(a) and chondrite-nomalized REE pattern(b) of the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=UvPrmUmXqoW1Wqb0cCLfkA==, figureFileBig=0bUvxTm/2DnHMAR1PUWlqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949782180241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图5, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段微量元素UCC标准化(a)和稀土元素配分模式(b), figureFileSmall=UvPrmUmXqoW1Wqb0cCLfkA==, figureFileBig=0bUvxTm/2DnHMAR1PUWlqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949857677714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlation diagrams between major,trace,rare earth element of bioclastic dolostone in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=kx3gCi1kfgnUkKEbCJfYiA==, figureFileBig=GSNbSn93Zl1NJF2gJwuxlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949924786579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图6, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生屑云岩主微量元素相关性图解, figureFileSmall=kx3gCi1kfgnUkKEbCJfYiA==, figureFileBig=GSNbSn93Zl1NJF2gJwuxlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816949983506836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Geochemical indicators curves of the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=rKKEWi3EMvUSr8SrMjo8fQ==, figureFileBig=MABuZ2a00dwuIHowbFTSGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950067392917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图7, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生屑云岩中地球化学指标曲线, figureFileSmall=rKKEWi3EMvUSr8SrMjo8fQ==, figureFileBig=MABuZ2a00dwuIHowbFTSGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950126113175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Carbon and oxygen isotope data analysis of bioclastic dolostone from the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=dq8HWO8hgBnMCmrvZErSwA==, figureFileBig=30fzAcWexBCX+kw3r1PIXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950184833432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图8, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生屑云岩碳氧同位素数据分析

a—不同产状白云石碳氧同位素交汇图; b—氧同位素与流体氧同位素数据反映的胶结物沉淀温度

, figureFileSmall=dq8HWO8hgBnMCmrvZErSwA==, figureFileBig=30fzAcWexBCX+kw3r1PIXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950260330905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Buried history and diagenetic sequence evolution in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=kD7XHIg59GJU8i237+2yXQ==, figureFileBig=8WJlVcJ/yS4rWzIKJrj6WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950327439770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图9, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部埋藏史及成岩序列演化, figureFileSmall=kD7XHIg59GJU8i237+2yXQ==, figureFileBig=8WJlVcJ/yS4rWzIKJrj6WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950398742939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Diagenesis and pore evolution model of bioclastic dolostone in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=9WLY1aBPN1MkMSkdwz7eBw==, figureFileBig=/LwLB4Nh+j5QUezx2sKaeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950453268892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=图10, caption=渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩成岩作用与孔隙演化模式, figureFileSmall=9WLY1aBPN1MkMSkdwz7eBw==, figureFileBig=/LwLB4Nh+j5QUezx2sKaeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816950524572061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Major,trace and rare earth element concentration of the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 Q3622
-1
Q3632
-2
Q3632
-3
Q3632
-4
Q3632
-5
Q3632
-6
Q3632
-7
Q3632
-8
Q3632
-9
Q3632
-10
Q3632
-11
Q3632
-12
Q3632
-13
Q3632
-14
Q3632
-15
SiO2 44.43 36.67 31.82 30.82 34.36 37.27 35.75 34.73 36.83 42.90 48.53 39.78 40.66 46.42 42.49
Al2O3 13.20 15.63 14.68 12.82 15.18 15.62 15.22 15.08 15.24 16.13 11.22 11.13 12.57 11.86 11.65
TFe2O3 2.97 4.21 6.23 5.42 4.33 5.04 6.29 6.56 4.00 2.18 1.92 3.31 3.99 2.55 3.00
MgO 2.08 2.73 3.14 3.68 2.45 3.15 3.05 3.22 3.01 1.97 2.01 3.21 2.73 2.06 2.75
CaO 16.29 17.13 18.1 20.46 19.05 15.80 16.14 16.40 17.51 15.87 17.04 19.45 18.20 16.96 18.34
Na2O 6.40 6.75 6.64 6.58 7.07 6.63 6.58 6.63 6.57 6.89 6.54 6.43 6.49 6.52 6.58
K2O 6.02 5.13 5.45 4.61 4.73 4.63 4.65 4.26 3.40 3.78 3.73 3.49 3.50 3.79 3.37
MnO 0.033 0.041 0.069 0.107 0.072 0.018 0.027 0.041 0.056 0.030 0.027 0.061 0.058 0.032 0.051
TiO2 0.360 0.769 0.721 0.583 0.826 0.756 0.706 0.705 0.664 0.706 0.225 0.224 0.324 0.252 0.307
P2O5 0.164 0.331 0.435 0.231 0.386 0.163 0.195 0.257 0.324 0.200 0.107 0.105 0.146 0.109 0.128
MgO/CaO 0.84 0.81 0.69 0.49 0.36 2.69 1.80 1.59 0.80 1.11 0.50 0.50 0.54 0.54 0.52
Sc 7.01 10.40 9.25 10.50 11.60 14.70 14.40 13.00 12.90 9.19 2.45 4.04 4.60 3.04 4.01
V 45.8 78.5 75.1 77.7 84.4 110.0 92.5 84.2 95.3 72.0 29.9 41.4 52.7 37.0 41.8
Cr 28.2 78.7 36.2 52.9 87.5 73.3 73.1 64.6 71.6 97.2 28.9 24.8 38.5 26.9 34.0
Co 6.50 10.70 16.30 10.40 10.30 19.80 12.00 15.60 8.96 9.53 7.67 14.30 51.30 5.18 3.64
Ni 14.4 22.8 22.1 23.9 29.2 57.2 58.2 53.6 32.9 27.3 13.7 22.8 49.9 15.1 16.2
Cu 19.9 33.5 28.4 19.4 24.2 39.4 44.7 38.8 18.3 20.6 12.4 9.3 18.7 8.75 11.5
Ga 17.6 21.2 18.9 18.6 19.7 23.2 21.4 19.0 22.1 24.7 13.0 12.7 14.6 14.9 13.4
Rb 147 153 132 138 140 221 219 173 154 161 109 98 102 111 93.6
Sr 283 408 427 467 402 382 455 433 724 495 252 367 423 327 362
Mo 0.896 0.889 0.593 0.581 0.937 0.976 0.736 0.431 0.744 0.667 0.780 0.730 1.040 0.475 0.630
Ba 907 403 831 589 430 436 454 320 245 354 420 387 402 521 1237
Pb 8.93 13.70 16.30 13.10 11.20 20.60 14.90 16.80 23.10 24.00 14.90 17.00 23.60 18.50 14.10
Th 5.23 6.88 5.12 5.86 5.27 10.40 9.84 8.63 12.30 13.30 5.69 5.18 6.57 6.24 7.02
U 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.15 2.44 1.86 1.68 2.15 2.53 1.40 1.16 1.44 1.41 1.42
Sr/Cu 14.22 12.18 15.04 24.07 16.61 9.70 10.18 11.16 39.56 24.03 20.32 39.46 22.62 37.37 31.48
Rb/Sr 0.52 0.38 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.58 0.48 0.40 0.21 0.33 0.43 0.27 0.24 0.34 0.26
Sr/Ba 0.31 1.01 0.51 0.79 0.93 0.88 1.00 1.35 2.96 1.40 0.60 0.95 1.05 0.63 0.29
Th自生 5.23 6.88 5.12 5.86 5.27 10.40 9.84 8.63 12.30 13.30 5.69 5.18 6.57 6.24 7.02
U自生 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.15 2.44 1.86 1.68 2.15 2.53 1.40 1.16 1.44 1.41 1.42
U/Th 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.20
La 32.7 37.4 48.9 33.5 33.1 41.4 42.8 39.3 48.3 46.4 23.1 21.3 30.5 26.0 27.6
Ce 64.0 72.5 90.6 66.2 63.2 79.3 83.4 76.2 93.8 87.5 41.2 39.0 57.4 47.4 50.5
Pr 7.39 8.34 11.00 7.85 7.65 9.45 10.00 9.08 11.10 10.60 5.23 4.87 7.21 5.82 6.53
Nd 26.4 31.8 43.2 29.7 28.6 35.2 39.0 35.7 42.3 39.1 19.7 17.4 27.7 21.7 24.7
Sm 3.95 4.71 6.33 4.68 4.51 6.00 6.47 5.96 7.40 6.72 3.62 3.59 4.59 4.17 4.50
Eu 0.846 1.130 1.660 1.090 1.160 1.090 1.150 1.220 1.410 1.180 0.673 0.791 0.985 0.831 0.961
Gd 3.22 4.05 5.12 3.94 3.70 4.89 5.19 5.29 6.58 5.37 2.64 2.91 3.55 3.26 3.94
Tb 0.562 0.604 0.745 0.620 0.598 0.868 0.863 0.926 1.010 0.882 0.479 0.510 0.657 0.578 0.552
Dy 3.16 3.49 3.99 3.47 3.19 5.14 4.90 4.79 5.54 4.92 2.75 2.86 3.42 3.21 3.08
Ho 0.574 0.632 0.674 0.616 0.606 0.963 0.931 0.911 1.060 0.983 0.505 0.530 0.660 0.568 0.632
Er 1.54 1.91 1.85 1.84 1.71 2.87 2.79 2.60 2.92 2.94 1.48 1.58 1.78 1.62 1.63
Tm 0.304 0.317 0.305 0.317 0.312 0.473 0.485 0.423 0.488 0.478 0.259 0.245 0.274 0.266 0.278
Yb 1.80 2.14 1.98 1.98 1.87 2.86 2.96 2.52 2.91 3.10 1.51 1.58 1.79 1.71 1.71
Lu 0.283 0.348 0.324 0.304 0.317 0.491 0.449 0.435 0.467 0.491 0.217 0.251 0.259 0.270 0.291
ΣREE 146.73 169.37 216.68 156.11 150.52 191.00 201.39 185.36 225.29 210.66 103.36 97.42 140.78 117.40 126.90
ΣLREE 134.44 154.75 200.03 141.93 137.06 171.35 181.67 166.24 202.90 190.32 92.85 86.16 127.40 105.09 113.83
ΣHREE 11.44 13.49 14.99 13.09 12.30 18.56 18.57 17.90 20.98 19.16 9.84 10.47 12.39 11.48 12.11
ΣLREE/ΣHREE 11.75 11.47 13.35 10.85 11.14 9.23 9.78 9.29 9.67 9.93 9.44 8.23 10.28 9.15 9.40
LaN/YbN 2.61 2.51 3.55 2.43 2.55 2.08 2.08 2.24 2.39 2.15 2.20 1.94 2.45 2.19 2.32
δCe 0.96 0.95 0.91 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.88
δEu 0.80 0.88 0.99 0.86 0.96 0.68 0.67 0.74 0.69 0.66 0.73 0.83 0.82 0.76 0.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309816950608458142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段主量、微量和稀土元素含量分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 Q3622
-1
Q3632
-2
Q3632
-3
Q3632
-4
Q3632
-5
Q3632
-6
Q3632
-7
Q3632
-8
Q3632
-9
Q3632
-10
Q3632
-11
Q3632
-12
Q3632
-13
Q3632
-14
Q3632
-15
SiO2 44.43 36.67 31.82 30.82 34.36 37.27 35.75 34.73 36.83 42.90 48.53 39.78 40.66 46.42 42.49
Al2O3 13.20 15.63 14.68 12.82 15.18 15.62 15.22 15.08 15.24 16.13 11.22 11.13 12.57 11.86 11.65
TFe2O3 2.97 4.21 6.23 5.42 4.33 5.04 6.29 6.56 4.00 2.18 1.92 3.31 3.99 2.55 3.00
MgO 2.08 2.73 3.14 3.68 2.45 3.15 3.05 3.22 3.01 1.97 2.01 3.21 2.73 2.06 2.75
CaO 16.29 17.13 18.1 20.46 19.05 15.80 16.14 16.40 17.51 15.87 17.04 19.45 18.20 16.96 18.34
Na2O 6.40 6.75 6.64 6.58 7.07 6.63 6.58 6.63 6.57 6.89 6.54 6.43 6.49 6.52 6.58
K2O 6.02 5.13 5.45 4.61 4.73 4.63 4.65 4.26 3.40 3.78 3.73 3.49 3.50 3.79 3.37
MnO 0.033 0.041 0.069 0.107 0.072 0.018 0.027 0.041 0.056 0.030 0.027 0.061 0.058 0.032 0.051
TiO2 0.360 0.769 0.721 0.583 0.826 0.756 0.706 0.705 0.664 0.706 0.225 0.224 0.324 0.252 0.307
P2O5 0.164 0.331 0.435 0.231 0.386 0.163 0.195 0.257 0.324 0.200 0.107 0.105 0.146 0.109 0.128
MgO/CaO 0.84 0.81 0.69 0.49 0.36 2.69 1.80 1.59 0.80 1.11 0.50 0.50 0.54 0.54 0.52
Sc 7.01 10.40 9.25 10.50 11.60 14.70 14.40 13.00 12.90 9.19 2.45 4.04 4.60 3.04 4.01
V 45.8 78.5 75.1 77.7 84.4 110.0 92.5 84.2 95.3 72.0 29.9 41.4 52.7 37.0 41.8
Cr 28.2 78.7 36.2 52.9 87.5 73.3 73.1 64.6 71.6 97.2 28.9 24.8 38.5 26.9 34.0
Co 6.50 10.70 16.30 10.40 10.30 19.80 12.00 15.60 8.96 9.53 7.67 14.30 51.30 5.18 3.64
Ni 14.4 22.8 22.1 23.9 29.2 57.2 58.2 53.6 32.9 27.3 13.7 22.8 49.9 15.1 16.2
Cu 19.9 33.5 28.4 19.4 24.2 39.4 44.7 38.8 18.3 20.6 12.4 9.3 18.7 8.75 11.5
Ga 17.6 21.2 18.9 18.6 19.7 23.2 21.4 19.0 22.1 24.7 13.0 12.7 14.6 14.9 13.4
Rb 147 153 132 138 140 221 219 173 154 161 109 98 102 111 93.6
Sr 283 408 427 467 402 382 455 433 724 495 252 367 423 327 362
Mo 0.896 0.889 0.593 0.581 0.937 0.976 0.736 0.431 0.744 0.667 0.780 0.730 1.040 0.475 0.630
Ba 907 403 831 589 430 436 454 320 245 354 420 387 402 521 1237
Pb 8.93 13.70 16.30 13.10 11.20 20.60 14.90 16.80 23.10 24.00 14.90 17.00 23.60 18.50 14.10
Th 5.23 6.88 5.12 5.86 5.27 10.40 9.84 8.63 12.30 13.30 5.69 5.18 6.57 6.24 7.02
U 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.15 2.44 1.86 1.68 2.15 2.53 1.40 1.16 1.44 1.41 1.42
Sr/Cu 14.22 12.18 15.04 24.07 16.61 9.70 10.18 11.16 39.56 24.03 20.32 39.46 22.62 37.37 31.48
Rb/Sr 0.52 0.38 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.58 0.48 0.40 0.21 0.33 0.43 0.27 0.24 0.34 0.26
Sr/Ba 0.31 1.01 0.51 0.79 0.93 0.88 1.00 1.35 2.96 1.40 0.60 0.95 1.05 0.63 0.29
Th自生 5.23 6.88 5.12 5.86 5.27 10.40 9.84 8.63 12.30 13.30 5.69 5.18 6.57 6.24 7.02
U自生 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.15 2.44 1.86 1.68 2.15 2.53 1.40 1.16 1.44 1.41 1.42
U/Th 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.20
La 32.7 37.4 48.9 33.5 33.1 41.4 42.8 39.3 48.3 46.4 23.1 21.3 30.5 26.0 27.6
Ce 64.0 72.5 90.6 66.2 63.2 79.3 83.4 76.2 93.8 87.5 41.2 39.0 57.4 47.4 50.5
Pr 7.39 8.34 11.00 7.85 7.65 9.45 10.00 9.08 11.10 10.60 5.23 4.87 7.21 5.82 6.53
Nd 26.4 31.8 43.2 29.7 28.6 35.2 39.0 35.7 42.3 39.1 19.7 17.4 27.7 21.7 24.7
Sm 3.95 4.71 6.33 4.68 4.51 6.00 6.47 5.96 7.40 6.72 3.62 3.59 4.59 4.17 4.50
Eu 0.846 1.130 1.660 1.090 1.160 1.090 1.150 1.220 1.410 1.180 0.673 0.791 0.985 0.831 0.961
Gd 3.22 4.05 5.12 3.94 3.70 4.89 5.19 5.29 6.58 5.37 2.64 2.91 3.55 3.26 3.94
Tb 0.562 0.604 0.745 0.620 0.598 0.868 0.863 0.926 1.010 0.882 0.479 0.510 0.657 0.578 0.552
Dy 3.16 3.49 3.99 3.47 3.19 5.14 4.90 4.79 5.54 4.92 2.75 2.86 3.42 3.21 3.08
Ho 0.574 0.632 0.674 0.616 0.606 0.963 0.931 0.911 1.060 0.983 0.505 0.530 0.660 0.568 0.632
Er 1.54 1.91 1.85 1.84 1.71 2.87 2.79 2.60 2.92 2.94 1.48 1.58 1.78 1.62 1.63
Tm 0.304 0.317 0.305 0.317 0.312 0.473 0.485 0.423 0.488 0.478 0.259 0.245 0.274 0.266 0.278
Yb 1.80 2.14 1.98 1.98 1.87 2.86 2.96 2.52 2.91 3.10 1.51 1.58 1.79 1.71 1.71
Lu 0.283 0.348 0.324 0.304 0.317 0.491 0.449 0.435 0.467 0.491 0.217 0.251 0.259 0.270 0.291
ΣREE 146.73 169.37 216.68 156.11 150.52 191.00 201.39 185.36 225.29 210.66 103.36 97.42 140.78 117.40 126.90
ΣLREE 134.44 154.75 200.03 141.93 137.06 171.35 181.67 166.24 202.90 190.32 92.85 86.16 127.40 105.09 113.83
ΣHREE 11.44 13.49 14.99 13.09 12.30 18.56 18.57 17.90 20.98 19.16 9.84 10.47 12.39 11.48 12.11
ΣLREE/ΣHREE 11.75 11.47 13.35 10.85 11.14 9.23 9.78 9.29 9.67 9.93 9.44 8.23 10.28 9.15 9.40
LaN/YbN 2.61 2.51 3.55 2.43 2.55 2.08 2.08 2.24 2.39 2.15 2.20 1.94 2.45 2.19 2.32
δCe 0.96 0.95 0.91 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.88
δEu 0.80 0.88 0.99 0.86 0.96 0.68 0.67 0.74 0.69 0.66 0.73 0.83 0.82 0.76 0.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309816950696538528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Micro-scale carbon and oxygen isotope analysis results of different types of dolomite in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品深度
/m
分析对象 ${\delta }^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$
/‰
${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$
/‰
${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{W}}$
/‰
古盐度
S/‰
古温度
T/℃
古盐度指数
Z
3765.34 基质,泥晶—粉晶白云岩(MD) 3.29 -1.81 28.99 32.94 22.22 133.14
泥晶包膜(ME) 3.90 -0.72 30.12 34.04 17.13 134.93
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 9.53 -3.37 27.38 31.38 29.62 145.15
5.01 -2.14 28.65 32.61 23.76 136.49
3765.83 基质,泥晶—粉晶白云岩(MD) 7.42 -1.72 29.09 33.03 21.78 141.65
4.29 -1.45 29.37 33.31 20.49 135.36
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 6.55 -3.02 27.75 31.74 27.91 139.20
-0.20 -3.10 27.67 31.66 28.28 125.36
3765.93 基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 5.76 -1.94 28.86 32.81 22.81 138.12
5.37 -1.98 28.82 32.77 23.01 137.30
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 3.33 -3.46 27.29 31.29 30.04 132.40
-0.05 -3.30 27.45 31.45 29.29 125.55
3766.23 泥晶包膜(ME) 6.17 -0.67 30.17 34.09 16.91 139.61
5.14 -0.66 30.18 34.10 16.85 137.51
1.76 -0.74 30.09 34.01 17.25 130.54
早期白云石胶结物(CD1) -1.48 -2.05 28.75 32.71 23.32 123.25
泥晶包膜(ME) 7.23 -0.84 29.99 33.91 17.70 141.70
3774.00 基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 4.57 -2.31 28.48 32.45 24.55 135.52
3.17 -1.92 28.88 32.84 22.70 132.84
5.75 -1.76 29.05 33.00 21.95 138.20
1.21 -1.42 29.39 33.33 20.40 129.08
2.63 -1.67 29.13 33.08 21.56 131.85
6.08 -1.40 29.41 33.35 20.30 139.04
5.52 -1.53 29.28 33.23 20.88 137.84
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 5.80 -2.39 28.40 32.37 24.92 137.99
0.64 -2.51 28.28 32.25 25.47 127.36
1.98 -2.16 28.63 32.60 23.84 130.28
3780.00 泥晶包膜(ME) 5.38 -0.47 30.37 34.28 16.00 138.09
基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 3.96 -2.12 28.68 32.64 23.65 134.35
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 4.18 -2.66 28.12 32.10 26.19 134.54
6.76 -3.99 26.74 30.76 32.62 139.16
4.57 -3.25 27.51 31.51 29.00 135.05
3.43 -3.55 27.20 31.20 30.48 132.55
2.71 -3.84 26.90 30.91 31.89 130.94
4.44 -3.28 27.48 31.47 29.18 134.76
孔洞充填的晚期白云石胶结物(CD2) 2.70 -3.84 26.90 30.91 31.89 130.92
1.44 -6.11 24.56 28.64 43.10 127.19
-1.02 -6.65 24.01 28.11 45.79 121.90
-0.85 -4.94 25.77 29.82 37.24 123.11
1.21 -6.20 24.47 28.56 43.53 126.70
1.19 -8.53 22.07 26.23 55.46 125.48
4.35 -4.51 26.21 30.24 35.14 133.96
), ArticleFig(id=1309816950772036000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段不同类型白云石微区碳氧同位素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品深度
/m
分析对象 ${\delta }^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$
/‰
${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$
/‰
${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{W}}$
/‰
古盐度
S/‰
古温度
T/℃
古盐度指数
Z
3765.34 基质,泥晶—粉晶白云岩(MD) 3.29 -1.81 28.99 32.94 22.22 133.14
泥晶包膜(ME) 3.90 -0.72 30.12 34.04 17.13 134.93
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 9.53 -3.37 27.38 31.38 29.62 145.15
5.01 -2.14 28.65 32.61 23.76 136.49
3765.83 基质,泥晶—粉晶白云岩(MD) 7.42 -1.72 29.09 33.03 21.78 141.65
4.29 -1.45 29.37 33.31 20.49 135.36
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 6.55 -3.02 27.75 31.74 27.91 139.20
-0.20 -3.10 27.67 31.66 28.28 125.36
3765.93 基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 5.76 -1.94 28.86 32.81 22.81 138.12
5.37 -1.98 28.82 32.77 23.01 137.30
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 3.33 -3.46 27.29 31.29 30.04 132.40
-0.05 -3.30 27.45 31.45 29.29 125.55
3766.23 泥晶包膜(ME) 6.17 -0.67 30.17 34.09 16.91 139.61
5.14 -0.66 30.18 34.10 16.85 137.51
1.76 -0.74 30.09 34.01 17.25 130.54
早期白云石胶结物(CD1) -1.48 -2.05 28.75 32.71 23.32 123.25
泥晶包膜(ME) 7.23 -0.84 29.99 33.91 17.70 141.70
3774.00 基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 4.57 -2.31 28.48 32.45 24.55 135.52
3.17 -1.92 28.88 32.84 22.70 132.84
5.75 -1.76 29.05 33.00 21.95 138.20
1.21 -1.42 29.39 33.33 20.40 129.08
2.63 -1.67 29.13 33.08 21.56 131.85
6.08 -1.40 29.41 33.35 20.30 139.04
5.52 -1.53 29.28 33.23 20.88 137.84
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 5.80 -2.39 28.40 32.37 24.92 137.99
0.64 -2.51 28.28 32.25 25.47 127.36
1.98 -2.16 28.63 32.60 23.84 130.28
3780.00 泥晶包膜(ME) 5.38 -0.47 30.37 34.28 16.00 138.09
基质,粉晶—细晶白云岩(MD) 3.96 -2.12 28.68 32.64 23.65 134.35
孔洞边缘早期白云石胶结物(CD1) 4.18 -2.66 28.12 32.10 26.19 134.54
6.76 -3.99 26.74 30.76 32.62 139.16
4.57 -3.25 27.51 31.51 29.00 135.05
3.43 -3.55 27.20 31.20 30.48 132.55
2.71 -3.84 26.90 30.91 31.89 130.94
4.44 -3.28 27.48 31.47 29.18 134.76
孔洞充填的晚期白云石胶结物(CD2) 2.70 -3.84 26.90 30.91 31.89 130.92
1.44 -6.11 24.56 28.64 43.10 127.19
-1.02 -6.65 24.01 28.11 45.79 121.90
-0.85 -4.94 25.77 29.82 37.24 123.11
1.21 -6.20 24.47 28.56 43.53 126.70
1.19 -8.53 22.07 26.23 55.46 125.48
4.35 -4.51 26.21 30.24 35.14 133.96
), ArticleFig(id=1309816950864310689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Geochemical indicates of redox environment(after Jones and Manning, 1994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境 DOP U/Th 自生组分U/μg·g-1 Ni/Co V/Cr V/(V+Ni)
富氧 <0.42 <0.75 <5 <5 <2 <0.6
贫氧 0.42~0.75 0.75~1.25 5~12 5~7 2~4.25 0.6~0.77
还原 >0.75 >1.25 >12 >7 >4.25 >0.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309816950948196770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

氧化还原条件地球化学常用判定指标(据Jones and Manning, 1994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境 DOP U/Th 自生组分U/μg·g-1 Ni/Co V/Cr V/(V+Ni)
富氧 <0.42 <0.75 <5 <5 <2 <0.6
贫氧 0.42~0.75 0.75~1.25 5~12 5~7 2~4.25 0.6~0.77
还原 >0.75 >1.25 >12 >7 >4.25 >0.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309816951006917027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison table of paleoenvironmental indicators,dolomitization,and pore types in Shijiutuo uplift, Bohai Bay Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成岩阶段 古环境特征 主要成岩流体/成因 白云石类型 孔隙类型
(准)同生期 半咸水、干热、弱氧化 高 Mg2+渗透回流 ME/MD/CD1 原生粒间孔、早期选择性次生溶孔(生物体腔、铸模孔)
浅埋藏 30~55 ℃ 有机酸、 Mg2+孔隙水 CD2 局部次生溶孔
中—深埋藏 弱酸蚀、油气充注 有机酸、裂缝流体 — (非选择性)微裂缝、孤立次生溶孔
), ArticleFig(id=1309816951074025892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起古环境指标与白云石化、孔隙类型对照表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成岩阶段 古环境特征 主要成岩流体/成因 白云石类型 孔隙类型
(准)同生期 半咸水、干热、弱氧化 高 Mg2+渗透回流 ME/MD/CD1 原生粒间孔、早期选择性次生溶孔(生物体腔、铸模孔)
浅埋藏 30~55 ℃ 有机酸、 Mg2+孔隙水 CD2 局部次生溶孔
中—深埋藏 弱酸蚀、油气充注 有机酸、裂缝流体 — (非选择性)微裂缝、孤立次生溶孔
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渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩成因及孔隙演化*
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昝春景 1 , 季汉成 1 , 贾万丽 2 , 陈亮 3 , 史朝文 4 , 贺银军 5 , 蔡涛 5 , 单云鹏 6
古地理学报 | 石油与天然气地质 2026,28(4): 1564-1584
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古地理学报 |石油与天然气地质 2026 , 28 (4) : 1564 -1584
渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩成因及孔隙演化*
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[Author(id=1309816942681223502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chunjing_zan@outlook.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1309816942752526672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816938105237794, authorId=1309816942681223502, language=EN, stringName=Chunjing ZAN, firstName=Chunjing, middleName=null, lastName=ZAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio={"content":"

ZAN Chunjing,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in research on geology. E-mail: .

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ZAN Chunjing,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in research on geology. E-mail: .

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昝春景1 , 季汉成1 , 贾万丽2, 陈亮3, 史朝文4, 贺银军5, 蔡涛5, 单云鹏6
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
  • 2 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
  • 3 中国石油大学(北京)理学院, 北京 102249
  • 4 大庆油田勘探开发研究院成都分院, 四川成都 610051
  • 5 中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司中海油实验中心, 天津 300452
  • 6 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
通讯作者:
季汉成,男,1966年生,教授、博士生导师,主要从事储集层地质学与沉积学研究。E-mail: 。
作者简介:

昝春景,女,1997年生,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: 。

Genesis and pore evolution of bioclastic dolomite in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin
Chunjing ZAN1 , Hancheng JI1 , Wanli JIA2, Liang CHEN3, Zhaowen SHI4, Yinjun HE5, Tao CAI5, Yunpeng SHAN6
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2 CNOOC Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100028, China
  • 3 College of Science, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 4 Chengdu Branch of Daqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Chengdu 610051, China
  • 5 CNOOC Experimental Center, CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China
  • 6 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    JI Hancheng,born in 1966,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor. He is mainly engaged in researches on reservoir geology and sedimentology. E-mail: .

    ZAN Chunjing,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in research on geology. E-mail: .

出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.077
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陆相断陷盆地中持续发现的巨型油气藏揭示生屑云岩储集层已成为重要勘探新领域。结合岩相学、地球化学和原位微区同位素技术,聚焦渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部古近系沙河街组二段(沙二段,Es2)生屑云岩储集层,揭示了生屑云岩白云石化成因及其孔隙演化规律。研究表明: (1)沙二段发育3套生屑云岩储集层,确定了4种类型的交代白云石: 泥晶包膜(ME)、泥晶—细晶基质白云石(MD)、早期纤柱状白云石(CD1)与晚期镶嵌状白云石(CD2);(2)提出渗透回流和埋藏作用2种白云石化成因,揭示不同类型白云石的形成机理,ME、MD和早期CD1产状白云石发育于干热咸水、滨湖浅滩环境下的高盐卤水渗透回流作用; (3)浅埋藏期高温封闭成岩环境中,有机质热解产生的有机酸驱动MD和CD1溶解—再沉淀形成CD2;同时成岩压实释放的富Mg2+孔隙水与封存同生水协同参与CD2胶结,充填粒间孔隙; (4)同生期大气淡水淋滤通过选择性溶蚀作用,生成铸模孔和生物体腔孔等早期次生孔隙, 中—深埋藏后期大量有机酸生成与油气充注引发非选择性溶蚀和微裂缝发育,但储集空间仍以原生粒间孔和早期次生孔为主。本研究将微区同位素温度重建与多期白云石化机理耦合,完善了以往回流渗透与混合水白云石化作用的偏颇观点,为生屑云岩储集层改造与油气藏高效开发提供了理论依据和预测思路。

生屑云岩  /  成因分析  /  孔隙演化  /  地球化学分析  /  沙二段  /  渤海湾盆地

The continuous discovery of giant hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental rift basins has highlighted bioclastic dolomite reservoirs as a promising new exploration frontier. This study integrates petrography,geochemistry,and in-situ isotopic techniques to investigate the genesis and pore evolution of bioclastic dolomite reservoirs in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in eastern Shijiutuo uplift of Bohai Bay Basin. The results reveal the following: (1)Three sets of bioclastic dolomite reservoirs are developed,and four types of replacive dolomites are identified—micritic envelope dolomite(ME),micritic-fine crystalline matrix dolomite(MD),early fibrous dolomite cement(CD1),and late mosaic dolomite cement(CD2). (2)Two dolomitization mechanisms are proposed: reflux and burial dolomitization,elucidating the genesis of different dolomite types. ME,MD,and early CD1 formed under hypersaline reflux conditions in hot,semi-saline,lacustrine shallow shoals. (3)In the high-temperature,closed diagenetic environment of the shallow burial stage,organic acids generated from kerogen thermal decomposition promoted the dissolution-reprecipitation of MD and CD1 to form CD2. Concurrently,pore fluids rich in Mg2+ released by compaction,together with retained connate water,facilitated CD2 cementation,filling intergranular pores. (4)During the synsedimentary stage,meteoric freshwater leaching selectively dissolved aragonite and high-Mg calcite,forming early secondary pores such as moldic and intrabioclastic cavities. In the middle to late burial stage,abundant organic acid production and hydrocarbon charging led to non-selective dissolution and microfracture development. However,reservoir space remains dominated by primary intergranular pores and early secondary pores. By coupling in-situ isotopic temperature reconstruction with multi-stage dolomitization mechanisms,this study refines previous models focused solely on reflux and mixing-zone dolomitization and provides a theoretical framework and predictive approach for reservoir quality enhancement and efficient hydrocarbon development in bioclastic dolomite reservoirs.

bioclastic dolomite  /  contributing factors analysis  /  pore evolution  /  geochemical analysis  /  the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation  /  Bohai Bay Basin
昝春景, 季汉成, 贾万丽, 陈亮, 史朝文, 贺银军, 蔡涛, 单云鹏. 渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩成因及孔隙演化*. 古地理学报, 2026 , 28 (4) : 1564 -1584 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.077
Chunjing ZAN, Hancheng JI, Wanli JIA, Liang CHEN, Zhaowen SHI, Yinjun HE, Tao CAI, Yunpeng SHAN. Genesis and pore evolution of bioclastic dolomite in the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation in Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2026 , 28 (4) : 1564 -1584 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.077
湖相碳酸盐岩储集层因其独特的孔隙结构和良好的储集性能备受关注,在埋深超3000 m的条件下储集层仍能保持较高孔隙度并实现较高的油气产能,已成为油气勘探的热点研究方向(Wang et al., 2010,2018;Kong et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2023)。中国在准噶尔盆地二叠系平地泉组和凤城组、柴达木盆地古近系下干柴沟组、松辽盆地二叠系哲斯组和渤海湾盆地古近系沙河街组等重点含油气盆地中均发现了湖相碳酸盐岩储集层,并展现出良好的油气开发潜力(Gao et al., 2018;黄清华等,2021;Liu et al., 2021;Zeng et al., 2024)。基于此,对湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积特征及储集层的形成机制、主控因素和优质储集层分布规律的研究日益深入,但同时也面临成因复杂、物性分异明显等挑战(赵兰全,2022;Song et al., 2024)。大量研究表明,白云石化不仅能通过在孔隙—岩石界面降低储集层孔渗(Mueller et al., 2020),也可在同—准同生期通过泥晶包膜和纤柱状结构阻碍压实,保存原生粒间孔与生物体腔孔(Mckenzie and Vasconcelos, 2009)。中国学者亦在盆地碳酸盐岩中开展了丰富工作,如潘文静等(2017)对沙河街组生屑白云岩孔隙控制因素的探讨,赵兰全(2022)对白云石化与孔隙演化关系的研究等。然而,现有研究多聚焦于海相或陆相碳酸盐岩,对陆相湖盆生屑云岩中白云石多产状的成因分析及其对孔隙演化的系统研究仍有待完善。
近年来,对渤中凹陷湖相碳酸盐岩进行风险勘探,在盆地内的Q36、BZ13和LD25等油气田取得突破,单井日产油量达306.03 t,日产气量达21.7×104 t,显示出了良好的勘探潜力(薛永安等,2019;别旭伟等,2020;周东红等,2025)。古近系沙河街组二段(沙二段)生屑云岩是渤海石臼坨凸起及围区的重要储集层类型,不同产状的自生白云石对储集层物性的影响程度存在差异,是控制优质储集层形成的重要因素之一(卿元华,2016;杨纪磊,2017)。渤中凹陷石臼坨凸起东段南部古近系沙二段生屑云岩储集层物性好,具有“中高孔中渗”特征,其储集空间类型主要包括溶蚀孔、生物体腔孔和原生粒间孔(Du et al., 2022)。根据岩石组分,生屑白云岩可分为亮晶生屑白云岩和泥晶生屑白云岩,生屑类型以腹足类和介形类为主(潘文静等,2017)。尽管生屑云岩储集层具有原生孔隙体系发育较好、储集空间连续性优异等优势,但其孔隙演化受机械压实、压溶及流体改造等多重因素的影响,白云石化不仅直接决定了孔隙度和渗透性,还影响了储集层的整体演化路径(Tan et al., 2020;Xiong et al., 2024)。
前人研究多将渤中凹陷沙河街组生屑云岩白云石成因归结为回流渗透白云石化与混合水白云石化作用(潘文静等,2017;Du et al., 2022)。基于系统的岩石学、地球化学及原位微区碳氧同位素分析,重构了该区古环境演化过程,深入揭示了泥晶包膜、基质型、早期纤柱状胶结型与晚期嵌晶胶结型白云石的成因阶段及其孔隙演化序列。本研究不仅完善了以往的认识,还提出了覆盖多期白云化流体作用的综合成因类型,为生屑白云岩储集层改造与油气藏高效开发提供了新的理论支撑,并为类似陆相湖盆碳酸盐岩储集层的勘探与开发提供了重要的借鉴和参考。
石臼坨凸起是渤海湾盆地发育的三级构造单元,构造上介于渤中凹陷与秦南凹陷之间(潘文静等,2017)(图1-a)。石臼坨凸起东段北界以石北2号断层与秦南凹陷相接,南界以石南1号断层与渤中凹陷分界,2条断层共同构成了凸起的主体构造格架(图1-d)。石臼坨凸起东段南部古近系自下而上依次为孔店组、沙河街组和东营组,以及新近系馆陶组、明化镇组和第四系平原组(图1-b)(潘文静等,2017)。本次研究目的层古近系沙河街组可细分为沙一段、沙二段、沙三段和沙四段,整体形成了一系列三角洲—浅湖—半深湖沉积体系(于海波等,2015;朱文奇等,2025)。研究区主要经历了古近系的裂谷断陷发育期和新近系的拗陷发育期,第一裂陷幕包括沙四段和沙三段沉积期的快速沉降裂陷阶段,随后进入沙二段—沙一段沉积期的缓慢热沉降拗陷阶段(张震等,2019;张汶等,2021)。相较于下伏的沙三段沉积期,沙一段、沙二段沉积期的盆地范围明显扩大,湖盆表现出“水浅面广”的特征(钟锴等,2019)。第二裂陷幕发生于东营组沉积期,接着是更大强度的区域热沉降和新构造再活动。沙四段主要发育厚层灰色泥岩,局部夹紫红色泥岩。沙三段发育薄层粉砂岩,主要发育厚层灰色泥岩。沙二段以生屑白云岩、白云质砂砾岩及含生屑砂砾岩的混合沉积为主,其中厚层生屑云岩与含生屑砂砾岩广泛发育,顶部发育中厚层白云质砂砾岩。沙一段发育薄层泥岩夹薄层粉砂岩(图1-c)。
石臼坨凸起东段基岩由中生界火成岩与石炭系—二叠系砂岩夹薄层火山岩构成(图1-d),为研究区南部提供了火山—陆源混合型物源基础。秦皇岛36区块生屑云岩发育于石臼坨凸起南部陡坡带,其根部发育小规模扇三角洲,陆源碎屑输入有限,受陆源干扰的直接作用弱。而断层陡坡带受限的物源供给与高能水动力条件作用下,形成近岸扇体侧翼的混积滩坝优势相带,为秦皇岛36区块生物碎屑滩坝的发育提供了有利环境(徐伟等,2020)。沙一段、沙二段沉积期断层活动间歇阶段,腹足类生物繁盛,形成厚度较大的生物碎屑白云岩储集层。
样品来源于渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部Q3631井、Q3632井、Q3633井3口探井。研究综合采用岩心精细描述(累计56 m)、岩石/铸体薄片显微观察(30片)、阴极发光分析(4组)、场发射扫描电镜表征(16组)及储集层地球化学测试分析等技术分析。相关实验及数据分析依托中海油渤海实验中心和中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室联合完成。
采用偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜(CL)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行岩相观察与分析。在实验前,选取典型岩石样品,在真空与压力条件下向孔隙中注入环氧树脂,并制备厚度为0.03 mm的标准岩石薄片。首先,利用Leica DMRP偏光显微镜观察并记录薄片的典型成岩特征; 随后,采用Axio Imager A2 m阴极发光显微镜对6个样品的泥晶包膜、胶结特征及白云石化作用进行分析; 最后,结合Quanta 200扫描电子显微镜与EDAX能谱仪,对3口井的16份样品进行高分辨率电镜扫描,获得50余张微观结构图像,以揭示储集层矿物组成与孔隙结构特征。
碳酸盐矿物的沉积和成岩过程通常伴随着元素的迁移。因此,不同类型矿物的主量元素和微量元素特征可以进一步阐明成岩演化过程和流体性质(Ionov and Harmer, 2002)。稀土元素的变异和归一化模式受成岩作用和流体类型等多种因素的影响,是研究成岩流体成因的重要工具(Azmy et al., 2013;Wang et al., 2014)。本研究使用ZSX PrimusII X射线荧光光谱仪对研究区Q3632井的15个样品进行了主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的测定。
针对石臼坨凸起南部的生屑云岩样品进行了原位微区碳氧同位素测试,选取3口井沙二段的6块典型薄片样品,在显微镜下识别主要矿物组分及胶结特征后使用Flash IRMS同位素质谱仪开展原位微区碳氧同位素原位分析。通过岩相学观察定向选取45个特征微区,其中包括泥晶包膜(ME)6件,基质白云石(MD)13件,早期纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1)17件与晚期亮晶白云石胶结物(CD2)6件,每个点位进行3次重复剥蚀取均值。数据经国际标准物质IAEA-CO-1/8校准,剔除3个异常值后获得有效数据42组,为研究区生屑云岩白云石化作用及其对储集性能的影响提供重要支撑。
渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段发育3套钙质生物碎屑云岩储集层(Es21、Es22和 Es23),生物化石碎屑丰富且物性优良(图1-c)。3套生屑云岩均自下而上呈现鲕粒与内碎屑颗粒含量递减、生物碎屑与陆源碎屑含量递增的演化趋势,以生物碎屑控型为特征(图2)。其中,生物碎屑(介形虫、钙藻、有孔虫)占比约50.3%,形成主要原生粒间孔隙骨架; 陆源碎屑(石英、长石)约21.7%;鲕粒与内碎屑分别约19.9%和8.1%,共同参与孔隙连通。经白云石化改造后,云岩中白云石平均占比76.7%,方解石23.3%,反映出强烈的交代作用。
沙二段生屑云岩岩心可见生物钻孔(图3-a),Q3632井沙二段取心段基质部分以泥晶—细晶白云石(MD)为主,粒间发育亮晶白云石胶结物(CD)(图3-b,3-c)。显微岩石学分析显示亮晶白云石胶结物可划分为早期白云石胶结物(CD1)与晚期白云石胶结物(CD2)。其中,早期白云石胶结物晶粒较细,呈纤柱状晶体组成栉壳边; 晚期白云石胶结物晶粒较粗,晶面较平直,呈粒状镶嵌结构充填于孔隙中心。在阴极发光下,基质白云石与早期白云石胶结物具有弱发光呈黄—暗红色,晚期白云石胶结物呈中等强度发光呈橘红色(图3-d,3-e,3-f)。
在微观观察中生物碎屑骨架(OL)(介形虫壳体、钙藻、有孔虫)及部分陆源碎屑(G)外缘被泥晶化矿物环绕,形成环状泥晶包膜(ME),呈环状结构(图3-g,3-h)。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察,组成包膜的微晶化矿物主要由白云石微晶颗粒组成,紧密附着在岩心颗粒的表面(图3-i)。这些微晶白云石通常呈自形—半自形晶体形态,粒径均匀,且相互嵌镶。泥晶包膜的厚度在不同颗粒表面具有较大的变化范围。薄层微晶包膜通常厚度为1~2 μm,主要分布于较细粒级的生物碎屑颗粒外缘,在阴极发光显微镜(CL)下呈现黄—暗红色环状结构,具有核部暗、边缘亮的特点(图3-e,3-f)。而厚层微晶包膜则可达数10 μm,在部分区域可见多个边缘结构,表明其经历了多期成岩作用或受到了流体成分的反复影响。
渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东部沙二段生物碎屑云岩储集层表现为中—高孔渗特征,平均孔隙度为为15%~25%,部分样品孔隙度大于30%;渗透率范围为(0.1~582.6)×10-3 μm2,平均渗透率为108.7×10-3 μm2,孔隙度和渗透率整体呈正相关关系(图4-a)。生屑云岩的白云石化作用显著增加了孔隙度,白云石含量越多孔隙度越高,方解石含量越多孔隙度越低(图4-b)。其中生屑云岩的粒屑含量差异对储集层物性也有影响,生物碎屑因粒径大且易形成生物体腔孔与孔隙度呈正相关,陆源碎屑、鲕粒和内碎屑含量与孔隙度呈负相关(图4-c)。储集空间以原生孔隙和次生溶蚀孔为主,存在少量微裂缝(图4-i)。原生孔隙以同生期生物体腔孔(介形虫、钙藻壳体,孔径50~300 μm)和粒间孔(孔径10~80 μm)为主(图4-d,4-e,4-f),生物碎屑含量大于50%的高能滩相区原生孔隙度可达25%以上(图3);次生孔隙包括准同生期大气淡水淋滤形成的铸模孔和埋藏期有机酸溶蚀的不规则非选择性溶孔(图4-f,4-g,4-h),两者分别贡献孔隙增量小于15%和3%~5%。
渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩样品的主量元素测试数据如表1所示,CaO含量15.80%~20.46%,平均17.52%;MgO含量偏低1.97%~3.68%,平均2.75%;MnO含量0.02%~0.11%,平均0.05%;Al2O3含量11.13%~16.13%,Fe2O3含量1.92%~6.56%。TiO2含量0.22%~0.83%,平均0.54%;SiO2含量30.82%~48.53%呈现较大变幅,与陆源碎屑含量密切相关; Na2O含量6.40%~7.07%。
对渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段样品进行微量元素及稀土元素(REE)分析(表1)结果,其中Sr元素含量252~724 μg/g,与上地壳(UCC)氧化物和微量元素含量相比(Wedepohl,1995),研究区样品中Sr明显富集(图5-a)。稀土元素用球粒陨石含量进行标准化处理(Taylor and Mclennan, 1985;Maas and McCulloch, 1991),绘制稀土元素的配分模式图(图5-b)。Ce异常计算公式为δCe=CeN/(0.5LaN+0.5PrN),Eu异常计算公式为δEu=EuN/(0.5SmN+0.5GdN)。结果显示,稀土元素总量ΣREE为97.42~225.29 μg/g,平均为162.6 μg/g;δCe值为0.87~0.96,平均为0.92,显示了轻微的负异常; δEu值介于0.66~0.99之间,平均为0.79,显示了明显的负异常。样品的稀土元素配分模式表现了稳定的一致性,表明了样品具有相同的物源。
原位微区碳氧同位素实验可以对碳酸盐矿物的形成过程的多期、多阶段的温度、流体性质条件进行演化恢复(韩俊等,2023)。研究区沙二段生屑云岩样品的δ13C值范围为-1.48‰~9.53‰,δ18O值范围为-8.53‰~-0.47‰(均采用PDB标准)(表2)。其中泥晶包膜(ME)δ13C值范围为1.76‰~7.23‰,δ18O值范围-0.84‰~-0.47‰;基质白云石(MD)δ13C值范围为1.21‰~7.42‰,δ18O值范围-2.31‰~-1.4‰。
早期白云石胶结物(CD1)δ13C值范围-1.48‰~9.53‰,δ18O值范围-3.99‰~-2.05‰,其与基质白云石碳氧同位素值基本重叠,表明其来源于早期继承性白云石化流体。晚期白云石胶结物(CD2)δ13C值范围-1.02‰~4.35‰,δ18O值范围-8.53‰~-3.84‰,碳氧同位素总体负偏,偏轻的氧同位素特征反映了其形成的流体温度相对较高、形成时间相对较晚。
渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起含有少量陆源碎屑颗粒,所以与常见的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩相比,生屑云岩的成分更为复杂,受控因素更加多样,许多传统指标无法直接用于判断其沉积环境,需结合多种因素综合分析。例如,在推断水体盐度及氧化还原条件时,应排除陆源碎屑的干扰影响(Bennett and Canfield,2020);同时稀土元素及碳氧同位素等参数在后期成岩过程中可能发生变化。因此,在利用这些地球化学数据重建沉积环境前,有必要对其有效性和成岩改造程度进行充分验证,以确保分析结果的准确性与可靠性。
不同元素之间具有一定的相关性,其中Al2O3与TiO2、P2O5、K2O、Sc、V、Cr、 Co、Rb、Th、ΣREE等具有良好的正相关关系,表示他们主要来自陆源碎屑,而与CaO、MnO呈现负相关关系,表明CaO、MnO主要与碳酸盐沉积有关(图6)。MgO与Al2O3无相关性且与CaO呈弱正相关关系,表明MgO来自于白云石中(图6)。在图5-a中Sr异常富集,沉积物中Sr主要来自陆源碎屑组分和在水体中通过物理化学作用沉积产生,沙二段生屑云岩样品中Sr和Al2O3 、TiO2、P2O5等元素不具相关性,与CaO、MnO、MgO呈中等相关,暗示Sr主要来源于碳酸盐矿物中。通过以上相关性分析可知,陆源碎屑输入的主要元素包括Al2O3、SiO2、K2O、TiO2、V、Co、Sc、Rb、Th和Cr等,它们主要反映母岩的成分特征。而自生矿物富集的元素如Ca、Na、Mn、Sr、Ba等,则可直接指示沉积时水体的盐度和氧化还原条件。
成岩过程中化学元素和同位素组成往往发生变化,其中稀土元素Ce和Eu在成岩作用、氧化—还原条件和热液活动的影响下,容易产生异常现象(徐林刚等,2014)。研究区沙二段样品中,ΣREE 与 Al2O3 呈显著正相关,而 δCe 与 ΣREE 仅表现出 R2=0.18的弱相关,表明 Ce 异常受陆源碎屑影响有限。δCe 和 δEu 分布离散、无相关性(图6),说明稀土元素未受后期成岩作用干扰。
碳氧同位素方法在古气候重建中的适用性受成岩作用影响,若碳酸盐矿物在浅埋藏或中深埋藏过程中受到成岩过程的影响,其 δ18O 值可能更多反映的是成岩流体的温度特征,而非原始沉积时期的湖水温度。因此,在利用碳氧同位素重建古环境条件时,应首先判断其是否仍能代表沉积时的原始同位素组成,谨慎识别和排除受到成岩蚀变的样品,以提高结果的可靠性。Mn/Sr 值常用于评估碳氧同位素是否受成岩改造影响。碳酸盐岩在成岩过程中往往失去 Sr 而富集 Mn,因此改造程度较弱的样品通常具有较高的 Sr 含量和较低的 Mn 含量(Jones et al., 2020)。当 Mn/Sr值小于2~3时,可认为碳酸盐岩未受显著成岩改造,其 δ13C 与 δ18O 值可代表原始沉积流体特征。研究区沙二段样品中Mn平均含量482 μg/g,Sr平均含量413.8 μg/g,Mn/Sr值为1.16,且 δ18O 值在-10‰以上,表明样品所受后期蚀变作用的影响较小,基本保留了原始同位素信息,可对其进行氧、碳同位素分析。
元素在不同自然环境中的分解、迁移与富集差异,可通过沉积物中主量元素与微量元素的含量及比值反映古气候条件。常用指标包括 Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、FeO/MnO、Rb/Sr等值(Algeo and Li,2020)。由于样品中 CaO 主要源自碳酸盐沉积,传统的化学风化指数(CIA)在此不适用; 而 Mg/Ca 和 FeO/MnO 等值仅能揭示相对变化,难以定量判别单一时期的古气候。所以采用Sr/Cu值和Rb/Sr值来讨论古气候条件。Sr元素喜干,一般在干旱条件下容易富集,而Cu和Rb元素通常富集于湿润条件。因此,Sr/Cu值随着古气候的变热和变干而增大,Rb/Sr值则相反,在气候潮湿时Rb/Sr值呈现高值,气候干旱时呈现出低值(Algeo and Li,2020;Liu et al., 2020)。研究区沙二段Sr/Cu值范围为9.7~39.56,均值为21.87(图7),远大于干旱气候阈值(Sr/Cu>5),表明在该沉积时期处于干热的气候环境。Rb/Sr值0.31~0.37,平均为0.34,其较低的比值也反映了沙二段干热的古气候条件。干旱气候下,湖水蒸发水体碱性化,Mg2+和Ca2+等碱性离子浓度升高,促进碳酸盐矿物的沉淀。相较于Ca2+,Mg2+在高温条件下更易富集并参与白云石的形成,因此Mg/Ca值随干旱加剧而上升(裴健翔等,2025)。富Mg2+孔隙水在同生期和准同生期成岩阶段优先交代生物碎屑表面,形成泥晶包膜(ME)及泥晶—粉晶级基质白云石(MD)。
某些微量元素在蒸发作用增强的过程中会逐渐富集,其比值常被用于指示水体的古盐度变化。其中,Sr在高盐度环境中具有较高的溶解性,而Ba则易在淡水条件下以BaSO4形式沉淀(Meng et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2016)。因此,Sr/Ba值被广泛应用于湖相沉积体系中古盐度的判别,渤中凹陷石臼坨凸起沙二段Sr/Ba值为0.29~2.96,均值为0.98,明显高于淡水环境阈值(Sr/Ba<0.6),低于咸水沉积条件(Sr/Ba>1),反映当时古水体介质为半咸水—弱咸水环境。近年来研究表明,现代陆相咸水湖泊同样呈现Z值大于120(于冬冬等,2018),故本研究采用该指标判定古盐度。研究区样品的Z值为121.9~145.15(表2),表明沉积于陆相咸水湖泊环境,同时MD与ME型白云石的 δ18O 的微负漂移也一定程度上反映了湖平面下降和盐度升高。
Jones和Manning(1994)认为DOP、U/Th、自生组分 U、Ni/Co 和 V/Cr 是最可靠的氧化还原指示剂。但在生屑云岩中,Th、Ni、Co、V 和 Cr 多来源于陆源碎屑,需剔除其贡献后方可判读。
常用的方法是根据PAAS 的元素值进行校正,经验公式为: X碎屑=(X/Al)PAAS×Alsample,X自生=X总-X碎屑(Reitz et al., 2004)。渤中凹陷石臼坨凸起沙二段样品中自生组分Th含量为5.12~13.3 μg/g,自生U为1.15~2.53 μg/g,由于 Ni、Co、V 和 Cr 主要源自陆源碎屑,所以本研究以 U/Th 值及自生 U 含量评估古水体的氧化—还原条件。研究区样品的U/Th值为0.17~0.25,自生组分U均值为1.58 μg/g远小于5 μg/g(图7; 表3),表明研究区沙二段的古水体为氧化环境。另外,在地球化学研究中,Ce元素的异常特征是恢复古环境氧化还原的重要指标(German and Elderfield, 1990)。研究区沙二段δCe均值为0.92,表现出轻微负异常,表明碳酸盐岩沉积物在浅湖富氧环境中形成(Tostevin et al., 2016)。因此,可综合判断当时沉积条件为氧化环境。
由于碳酸盐岩在成岩过程中极易受到矿物相转变、溶解再沉淀和流体性质变化等多种因素的影响,其不同结构组分的碳氧同位素组成也随之发生变化(韩俊等,2023)。因此,碳、氧同位素分析能够精确揭示碳酸盐岩在沉积地球化学、古海水性质、成岩作用、孔隙演化以及古流体示踪等方面的特征(Derry et al., 1992;Oing and Mountjoy, 1992;Veizer et al., 1999;Swart,2015)。渤中凹陷石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩中白云石的成因机制体现为多阶段、多机制协同作用的成岩演化过程。由微区碳氧同位素数据分析和薄片观察提出了渗透回流和埋藏白云化作用两种白云石化成因,反映了不同类型白云石的形成机制。
ME和MD泥晶至极细晶的晶粒尺寸和亚面状—非平面结构,代表了早期的成岩作用,通常与相对低温下的同生期白云化有关。这2类产状的白云石碳氧同位素(δ13C为1.21‰~7.42‰,δ18O为-2.31‰~-0.47‰)与古近纪海水和现代咸水的碳氧值相近(Xu et al., 2006;Li et al., 2012;Rotich et al., 2020;Vignoni et al., 2024)(图8-a),表明ME和MD白云化流体主要来自同生期的高盐度浓缩卤水。古环境分析表明研究区沙二段为干热咸水环境,结合渤海湾盆地的区域古气候背景,并参考13.2~22.2 ℃的古气温范围(Bondarenko and Utescher,2022),本研究采用经验公式: T=13.85-4.54×${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$+0.04×(${\delta }^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}}$)2(Keith and Weber, 1964;Friedman and O’Neil, 1977),对 δ18O 数据进行成岩温度重建(图8-b)。结果显示,ME型和MD型白云石的成岩温度介于16~24.55 ℃之间,进一步表明同生期的低温、高饱和的咸水为白云石化作用的主控流体。CD1胶结物是第一世代白云石,呈纤柱状分布在生物体腔和陆源碎屑泥晶包膜之外的体壁上,厚度均匀。CD1胶结物的δ13C、δ18O值与MD相近但相对 δ18O 负偏,成岩温度恢复为23.32~32.62 ℃(图8),表明CD1和ME和MD的白云化过程相似,由渗透回流白云化作用形成,白云化流体为准同生期的低温高盐度回流水。
粗粉晶—细晶状CD2胶结物具有较低碳同位素(δ13C为-1.02‰~4.35‰)和低氧同位素(δ18O为-8.53‰~-3.84‰)的特点,且其成岩温度为31.89~55.46 ℃(图8),表明了CD2胶结物在埋藏作用中发育。随着埋藏成岩作用期间温度的增加,氧同位素被流体—岩石相互作用分异,这降低了氧同位素组成的 δ18O 值。在此阶段埋藏白云石化主要由两大机制驱动: 其一,随着埋藏深度增加与地层温度升高,在东营组沉积期浅埋藏阶段的高温封闭成岩体系中,夹薄层泥岩和粉砂岩层有机质热成熟作用(RO>0.5%)开始释放有机酸(图9)。
该酸性流体对早期形成的微晶白云石(MD)和纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1)以及残余方解石产生选择性溶蚀作用,形成次生溶孔网络。在此过程中,溶解的Ca2+和Mg2+离子在孔隙水过饱和条件下通过溶解—再沉淀机制重新结晶,形成晶形完整、晶径较大的第二世代镶嵌式白云石胶结物(CD2)。其二,在成岩过程中,地层经东营组二、三段沉积时期快速沉降,蒙脱石向伊利石转化过程中释放出大量 Mg2+(图9),使Mg2+ 与封存卤水共同驱动了浅埋藏白云石胶结物(CD2)的生成。根据埋藏史图(图9),东营组二、三段处于高沉降速率阶段,碱性成岩条件下储集层中碳酸盐胶结物大量发育; 而东营组一段虽经历区域性隆升,但隆升幅度不足,沙二段顶层仍埋深逾千米,无法实现大气淡水向地层孔隙水的下渗与混合,因而不具备混合水型白云石化的成岩条件。本研究据此对以往相关认识予以完善。
依据古环境和白云石成因机制分析渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩储集层可以划分为同生期、准同生期、浅埋期和中深埋期4个成岩阶段(图10)。其中,前2期为早期成岩作用,后2期为晚期成岩作用。
同生期咸性湖水中的高Mg/Ca值环境促进文石或微晶白云石的快速沉淀,覆盖在生物碎屑表面形成泥晶包膜(ME),与此同时,同生大气淡水的选择性溶蚀促成早期次生孔隙的发育(图10-b)。沉积物在干热气候下于咸水浅滩环境中沉积,生物碎屑(介形虫壳体、钙藻碎屑)构成了初始的原生孔隙结构,且其形态受生物体腔结构与碎屑堆积方式的控制,形成了少量泥晶—细粉晶白云石(MD)(图10-b)。此外,湖面变化导致沉积物间歇性地暴露,季节性大气淡水周期性注入引起低盐度酸性流体沿生物碎屑边缘选择性溶蚀不稳定碳酸盐矿物,生成生物体腔孔和铸模孔,使孔隙形态呈现出生物结构控型的非均质性(图10-c)。
在准同生期,持续的咸水渗透回流使孔隙水中Mg2+达到过饱和状态,优先交代生物碎屑中化学活性较高的文石或高镁方解石,诱发白云石化作用,形成以环边结构为特征的纤柱状亮晶低温白云石胶结物(CD1),使孔隙度下降(图10-d,10-e,10-f)。
成岩浅埋藏期分为2个亚阶段,在东营组二、三段沉积时期盆地较快埋藏,压实作用明显增强,生物碎屑颗粒被压变形和破裂,部分颗粒边缘发生压溶,碱性成岩环境形成了大量方解石胶结物(图10-g)。在东营组一段沉积时期夹薄层泥岩和粉砂岩层有机质热解(RO>0.5%)释放低分子有机酸,这些酸性流体在浅埋藏成岩作用下对白云岩基质及早期胶结物进行溶解—再沉淀。此外,上下邻近泥岩层释放出富Mg2+的压实水,与封存的同生孔隙水共同构成高Mg2+成岩流体,在高温条件下(>50 ℃)进一步诱发CD2胶结,导致原生孔隙度进一步降低。虽然有机质热解排出的有机酸但仍处于初熟阶段,但有机酸产出量较少,仅在一定程度上生成次生溶孔并改善储集层物性,储集空间仍以原生孔和早期溶蚀孔为主(图10-h)。
在中—深埋藏期,有机质热成熟产生大量有机酸和油气充注作用在酸性流体作用下对白云石胶结物、残余方解石胶结物及部分长石和岩屑进行非选择性溶蚀,形成次生溶孔与微裂缝,但因碳酸盐胶结物部分充填孔隙,次生孔隙增量较低,且多呈孤立或半充填状态(图10-i,10-j)。随后,黏土矿物脱水释放出大量碱性离子渗入储集层,发挥中和作用,使成岩环境转变为碱性。在碱性成岩流体作用下,晚期碳酸盐矿物优先在原生孔隙及生物体腔孔中沉淀,形成嵌晶状方解石胶结物,并伴随铁方解石对早期高镁方解石的选择性交代作用(图10-k)。
对渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙河街组二段古环境的分析结果可知,干热与半咸水交替主导的沉积环境对成岩流体的性质与演化路径具有重要控制作用,进而影响了不同阶段白云石化作用的类型及强度,最终主导了生屑云岩孔隙结构的形成与演化模式(图9;表4)。
古环境的干热气候、咸水盐度及氧化条件是驱动白云石化作用的关键因素。渤中凹陷石臼坨凸起沙二段Sr/Cu值(均值21.87)与低Rb/Sr值(均值0.34)表明沉积时期为强蒸发、弱化学风化的干旱环境,高蒸发速率促使湖水Mg2+浓度升高,为同生期白云石化提供了必要的流体条件。咸水湖泊的Sr/Ba值(均值0.98)及Z值(121.9~145.15)显示水体盐度介于半咸水至咸水之间,这种高盐度环境通过渗透回流机制将富Mg2+卤水渗入沉积物孔隙,优先交代生物碎屑中的文石或高镁方解石,形成泥晶包膜(ME)、基质白云石(MD)及早期纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1)。氧化环境(U/Th均值0.21,自生U含量1.58 μg/g)抑制了有机质降解对孔隙流体的酸化作用,维持了早期白云石化所需的碱性条件。埋藏阶段,地层快速沉降(东营组二、三段)促使蒙脱石向伊利石转化(图9),释放Mg2+至孔隙水中,与封存卤水共同驱动浅埋藏白云石胶结物(CD2)的形成。
古环境通过控制成岩流体性质与矿物反应路径,主导孔隙的生成、调整与保存。同生期干热气候与咸水条件协同作用,一方面通过蒸发泵效应形成泥晶包膜(ME)和基质白云石(MD),占据原生粒间孔; 另一方面,季节性湖面波动导致的大气淡水淋滤选择性溶蚀生物碎屑边缘,形成生物体腔孔和铸模孔。准同生期碱性孔隙水环境下,早期纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1)充填溶蚀孔隙,使孔隙度下降。浅埋藏阶段,高温条件下有机质热成熟释放的有机酸(东一段)对早期白云石及残余方解石进行溶蚀,促使晚期白云石胶结物的形成,但受限于有机质初熟阶段有机酸产量较低,仅形成局部溶孔。此外,生物碎屑的泥晶包膜和白云石胶结物,抑制压实作用对孔隙的破坏,保留了部分早期溶蚀孔。最终,孔隙演化呈现“原生孔隙主导—中期胶结充填—晚期有限溶蚀”的孔隙演化模式,古环境通过控制流体化学与成岩序列,塑造了储集层非均质性。
1)渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段发育3套生屑云岩储集层,在显微镜下识别出2种不同组构白云石: 基质白云石(MD)和亮晶白云石胶结物(CD),其中亮晶白云石胶结物可划分为早期纤柱状白云石胶结物(CD1)和晚期镶嵌白云石胶结物(CD2)。
2)地球化学指标Sr/Cu>21,结合Rb/Sr值和Mg/Ca值综合判定渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起沙二段生屑云岩沉积时为干热气候; Sr/Ba>0.6和 Z 值>120显示为咸水条件; U/Th值为0.17~0.25,自生U<2.53 μg/g和Ce轻微负异常等指标反映其形成于氧化沉积环境中。结合岩石学特征推断石臼坨凸起东段南部沙二段生屑云岩形成于干热、氧化的陆相咸水湖泊环境中。
3)渤海湾盆地石臼坨凸起东段南部沙二段生屑白岩白云石化主要经历准同生—同生期高盐湖水渗透回流作用与浅埋藏期埋藏白云石化的双重驱动。前者在干热滨湖环境中形成微晶包膜(ME)、基质白云石(MD)及早期纤柱状白云石(CD1);后者在浅埋藏高温条件下,有机酸促使MD与CD1局部溶解—再沉淀,并与蒙脱石向伊利石转化释放的富 Mg2+孔隙水及封存的同生水协同作用,形成镶嵌状晚期白云石(CD2)。储集层孔隙演化经历同生期孔隙形成、准同生期固孔、浅埋期溶蚀—再胶结与中深埋期的溶蚀—裂缝发育4个阶段。整体上储集层呈现以原生粒间孔和早期次生孔为主,有机酸溶蚀孔为辅的储集空间结构。
  • *中国石油天然气集团公司创新基金(2021D002-0102)
  • 中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462023BJR011)
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2026年第28卷第4期
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doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.077
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-09-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
  • 修回日期:2025-10-27
基金
Innovation Fund of China National Petroleum Corporation(2021D002-0102)
*中国石油天然气集团公司创新基金(2021D002-0102)
Scientific Research Fund of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462023BJR011)
中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462023BJR011)
作者信息
    1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
    2 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
    3 中国石油大学(北京)理学院, 北京 102249
    4 大庆油田勘探开发研究院成都分院, 四川成都 610051
    5 中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司中海油实验中心, 天津 300452
    6 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

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季汉成,男,1966年生,教授、博士生导师,主要从事储集层地质学与沉积学研究。E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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