Article(id=1309816720722846081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7605/gdlxb.2026.136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1764864000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-05, revisedDate=1781798400000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790214241437, onlineDateStr=2026-09-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790214241437, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790214241437, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790214241437, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309816719896568193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, year='2026', volume='28', issue='4', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1630', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790214241241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790214365545, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309817241349223276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309817241349223277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309816719896568193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1217, endPage=1229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309816720932561282, articleId=1309816720722846081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=EN, title=Geomorphological types and characteristics of burnt rocks in China and their exploitation analysis, columnId=1309196841393152138, journalTitle=Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), columnName=SPECIAL TOPIC ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR FENG ZENGZHAO, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In the margins of the major sedimentary basins in northern and western China,burnt rocks formed from the spontaneous combustion of coal seams are commonly found,resulting in special burnt rock landform. This landform is widely distributed in China,commonly with bright colore. However,its scientific and tourist values have been hardly focused on in literature. Few studies have involved the tourism development of such burnt rock landforms in China. Based on field investigations of outcrop sections,this study classifies these landforms into: burnt hilly landforms(including burnt red hilly landform,burnt colorful hilly landform and peak-covered landform of burnt rocks), erosional landform of burnt rocks(including gully landform,steep cliff landforms), collapse landform and loess-covering burnt rock landform according to the process of coal spontaneous combustion,landform genesis,spatial distribution and color of the burnt rocks. Among them,hilly and erosional landforms are commonly seen,while collapse landform mainly exists in areas where underground coal seams are burning. Loess-covering burnt rock landform formed with the Quaternary loess covering the burnt rocks. The formation of various burnt rock landforms is mainly controlled by such factors as coal seam thickness,stratum occurrence,tectonic movement,river erosion and paleoclimate. Burnt rock landforms should be given more attention due to its scientific value and tourism exploitation value. These burnt rock landforms have significant scientific and tourism development values and deserve appropriate attention.
, authors=Zhiqiang SHI
1, Junjie HUANG
1, Yan DONG
1, Changjuan FENG
2, Bin CHEN
2, authorsList=Zhiqiang SHI, Junjie HUANG, Yan DONG, Changjuan FENG, Bin CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=
SHI Zhiqiang,born in 1972,a professor at Chengdu University of Technology,is mainly engaged in research on sedimentology. E-mail: szqcdut@163.com.
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在中国北方、西部主要沉积盆地的边缘地区常见煤层自燃形成的烧变岩,从而形成特殊的烧变岩地貌,其分布广泛,常色彩艳丽,具矿产价值和科研价值,但前人研究涉及较少,对其旅游价值的开发也极为忽视。在多个露头剖面实地调查的基础上,本次研究依据煤层自燃过程、烧变岩空间分布及颜色、地貌成因,将烧变岩地貌划分为烧变丘陵地貌(包括红色烧变丘陵、彩色烧变丘陵地貌和烧变岩披覆山顶地貌)、烧变侵蚀地貌(包括烧变岩沟谷地貌、烧变岩陡崖地貌)、塌陷地貌和黄土覆盖(烧变岩)地貌。其中烧变丘陵地貌和烧变侵蚀地貌是常见的烧变岩地貌,而塌陷地貌主要存在于地腹煤层正在燃烧的地域,黄土覆盖烧变岩地貌是第四纪黄土覆盖烧变岩(烧变岩零星出露或被完全覆盖)形成的特殊地貌。各类烧变岩地貌的形成主要受控于煤层厚度、产状、构造变动、河流溯源侵蚀、古气候等多种条件。烧变岩地貌具有明显的科学价值和旅游开发价值,应予关注。
, authors=时志强
1, 黄俊杰
1, 董燕
1, 冯常娟
2, 陈彬
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时志强,男,1972年生,成都理工大学教授,主要从事沉积学研究工作。E-mail: szqcdut@163.com。
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2005. 乌达煤田煤层自燃内因分析与自燃类型划分.
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30(3): 288-292., articleTitle=乌达煤田煤层自燃内因分析与自燃类型划分, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816727580533199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=288, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Cao D Y, Fan X J, Shi X L, Wu C C, Wei Y C, journalName=Journal of China Coal Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[
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2005. Analysis of spontaneous combustion internal factors and division of spontaneous combustion types of coal seam in Wuda coalfield,Inner Mongolia.
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2021. 中国西北地区侏罗系中烧变岩的特征、形成时代及地质意义. 成都理工大学博士学位论文., articleTitle=中国西北地区侏罗系中烧变岩的特征、形成时代及地质意义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309816727714750929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Chen B, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[
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2024. 中国北方侏罗系烧变岩露头区白色砂岩特征与成因分析.
古地理学报,
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2024. Characteristic and formation cause of white sandstones in the Jurassic outcrop area of burnt rocks in northern China.
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2006. 内蒙古西部乌达矿区煤层自燃的控制因素.
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2006. Controlling factors of spontaneous combustion of coal seams in the Wuda coalfield,western Inner Mongolia,China.
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2023. Spatiotemporal patterns and geodynamic mechanism of late Quaternary deformation in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland.
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2008. Characters and Forming conditions of Burnt Rocks in Yan’an Formation of Northern Ordos Basin.
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2001. 新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆起及其对周边环境的影响.
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2001. 青藏高原隆升与欧亚内陆及北非的干旱化.
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2021. 中国北方烧变岩的分布、特征及研究意义.
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2001. 新疆乌鲁木齐煤田自燃烧变岩岩石特征.
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2002. 中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块.
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1 Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309816723574972821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, companyId=1309816723549806995, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院, 四川成都 610059)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309816723646275990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309816723654664599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, companyId=1309816723646275990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Shandong Liaocheng 252000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309816723663053208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, companyId=1309816723646275990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 聊城大学地理与环境学院, 山东聊城 252000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1309816725714067898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Distribution of burnt rock sections in China in this study, figureFileSmall=16t9XKAjdyeFZ5QuwnZi4g==, figureFileBig=LTsE7UTVSKxaacnbSTzHhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816725781176763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
本研究涉及的中国烧变岩研究剖面, figureFileSmall=16t9XKAjdyeFZ5QuwnZi4g==, figureFileBig=LTsE7UTVSKxaacnbSTzHhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816725978309052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Macrofeatures of constituent rocks causing burnt rock landforms, figureFileSmall=2kpYNnU2vxnLeS01pK41xQ==, figureFileBig=ooK8tvyiy4giNP7aV8RFYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726104138173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
组成烧变岩地貌岩石的宏观特征 a—烧熔岩,准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河西剖面; b—烧结岩,塔里木盆地北缘库车河剖面; c—烧结岩,伊犁盆地北缘伊宁干沟剖面; d—被黄土覆盖的烧烤岩,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木大柳塔剖面; e—烧烤岩,伊犁盆地南缘察布查尔乌库尔奇剖面; f—烘烤岩,准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河东剖面; g—烧烤角砾岩中较普遍的方解石脉,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木孙家塔剖面; h—烧结角砾岩中较普遍的方解石脉,准噶尔盆地南缘浅水河剖面; i—薄煤层自燃引起小范围烧变作用,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木贺家石畔剖面
, figureFileSmall=2kpYNnU2vxnLeS01pK41xQ==, figureFileBig=ooK8tvyiy4giNP7aV8RFYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726188024254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Characteristics of burnt red hilly landform, figureFileSmall=NdoSBhUMdaerHZWpPtjF8A==, figureFileBig=S4D6aY7zP64cXG1Nn+0I+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726255133119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
红色烧变丘陵地貌特征 a—典型的红色丘陵地貌,准噶尔盆地东缘火烧山地区; b—红色丘陵的断面特征,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔沙蒿塔剖面; c—为b的局部放大,可见鲜艳红色烧烤岩中的钙质结核(箭头所指);d—红色丘陵地貌,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘伊金霍洛布都阿麻剖面; e—红色丘陵地貌,准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河西剖面; f—红色丘陵地貌,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木下石拉沟剖面; g—为f的局部放大,见红色烧烤泥岩中的微柱状节理
, figureFileSmall=NdoSBhUMdaerHZWpPtjF8A==, figureFileBig=S4D6aY7zP64cXG1Nn+0I+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726326436288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Characteristics of burnt colorful hilly landform, figureFileSmall=7cVK+SzDV1bb0U8w+XFLCg==, figureFileBig=VJdsGzg3E9IpouBM1xHLZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726410322369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
烧变彩色丘陵地貌特征 a—(山西宁武盆地西缘)宁武硫磺沟剖面; b—准格尔紫家梁剖面; c—神木大柳塔剖面; d—乌鲁木齐浅水河剖面; e—乌鲁木齐头屯河东剖面; f—轮台阳霞河剖面; g—库车库车河剖面; h—(伊犁盆地南缘)察布查尔乌库尔奇剖面; i—(伊犁盆地北缘)伊宁干沟剖面
, figureFileSmall=7cVK+SzDV1bb0U8w+XFLCg==, figureFileBig=VJdsGzg3E9IpouBM1xHLZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726494208450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Characteristics of peak-covered landform of burnt rocks,collapse landform and loess-covering burnt rock landform, figureFileSmall=CL+FW84LLCnZZwv0EsNi8w==, figureFileBig=VCLImYNggU2k6viYG9K/7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726565511619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
烧变岩披覆山顶、塌陷及黄土覆盖地貌特征 a—烧变岩披覆山顶地貌,昌吉头屯河西剖面; b,c—烧变岩披覆山顶地貌,特克斯苏阿苏沟剖面; d—塌陷地貌,东胜神山沟剖面; e,f—黄土覆盖地貌,e为河曲旺山村剖面,f 为神木燕家塔剖面
, figureFileSmall=CL+FW84LLCnZZwv0EsNi8w==, figureFileBig=VCLImYNggU2k6viYG9K/7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726666174916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Characteristics of cliff and valley landforms related to burnt rocks, figureFileSmall=PaCJ+5al1BdE4NBtBe+bcA==, figureFileBig=UfNNGUt8MJ7szda84KB3+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726758449605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
烧变岩陡崖和沟谷地貌特征 a—黄河岸边的陡崖地貌,府谷寨峁剖面; b,c—石炭系—二叠系煤层自燃形成的烧变岩陡崖剖面,b为河曲火烧山剖面,c为河曲旧县剖面; d—侏罗系煤层自燃后的陡崖地貌,乌鲁木齐西郊剖面; e—河谷地貌,达拉特高头窑剖面; f—河谷地貌, (伊犁盆地南缘)特克斯苏阿苏村剖面
, figureFileSmall=PaCJ+5al1BdE4NBtBe+bcA==, figureFileBig=UfNNGUt8MJ7szda84KB3+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726825558470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Developmental pattern of landforms related to burnt rocks, figureFileSmall=w3KMbFTlLnA3LCJH+3F6Kg==, figureFileBig=2hrXiA9Q4ReuR1yRDf/SUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726896861639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
烧变岩地貌发育模式, figureFileSmall=w3KMbFTlLnA3LCJH+3F6Kg==, figureFileBig=2hrXiA9Q4ReuR1yRDf/SUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309816726972359112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Classification criteria and origins of burnt rock landforms
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| 地貌分类 | 分类依据 | 形成原因 |
| 地貌特点 | 烧变岩特征 |
烧变 丘陵 地貌 | 红色烧变 丘陵地貌 | 红、紫色为主的丘陵 | 大厚度的红色烧结岩、烧烤岩 | 含煤地层倾角一般较缓,整体构造抬升导致煤层大面积出露,而后发生自燃,后烧变岩被风化、剥蚀后形成此种丘陵地貌 |
彩色烧变 丘陵地貌 | 红、褐、棕、白、钢灰、黑、绿、黄等多种色调混杂的丘陵 | 各类烧变岩均有,且厚度不一、混杂分布 |
烧变岩披覆 山顶地貌 | 前期已经形成的烧变岩披覆在陡峻的山顶之上 | 烧变岩形成于构造隆升之前,风化剥蚀显著,保留厚度变化大 |
烧变 侵蚀 地貌 | 烧变岩沟 谷地貌 | 在下切侵蚀较浅的河谷两侧发育烧变岩 | 烧变岩一般规模小、总厚度不大 | 构造抬升活动显著,河流侵蚀影响显著。煤层自燃、河流侵蚀、河岸烧变岩垮塌相辅相成,共同造就了此种侵蚀地貌。 |
烧变岩 陡崖地貌 | 显著的陡崖地貌 | 大厚度烧变岩垮塌明显,颜色多样 |
| 塌陷地貌 | 地腹煤层自燃造就的地表岩石破裂、沉降地貌 | 烧变岩正在形成 | 煤层自燃导致体积损失,不足以支撑上覆地层 |
| 黄土覆盖地貌 | 烧变岩被黄土覆盖地貌 | 烧变岩规模不一,仅局部出露 | 较早形成的烧变岩被第四纪黄土覆盖 |
), ArticleFig(id=1309816727039467977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309816720722846081, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
烧变岩地貌分类依据及其成因
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 地貌分类 | 分类依据 | 形成原因 |
| 地貌特点 | 烧变岩特征 |
烧变 丘陵 地貌 | 红色烧变 丘陵地貌 | 红、紫色为主的丘陵 | 大厚度的红色烧结岩、烧烤岩 | 含煤地层倾角一般较缓,整体构造抬升导致煤层大面积出露,而后发生自燃,后烧变岩被风化、剥蚀后形成此种丘陵地貌 |
彩色烧变 丘陵地貌 | 红、褐、棕、白、钢灰、黑、绿、黄等多种色调混杂的丘陵 | 各类烧变岩均有,且厚度不一、混杂分布 |
烧变岩披覆 山顶地貌 | 前期已经形成的烧变岩披覆在陡峻的山顶之上 | 烧变岩形成于构造隆升之前,风化剥蚀显著,保留厚度变化大 |
烧变 侵蚀 地貌 | 烧变岩沟 谷地貌 | 在下切侵蚀较浅的河谷两侧发育烧变岩 | 烧变岩一般规模小、总厚度不大 | 构造抬升活动显著,河流侵蚀影响显著。煤层自燃、河流侵蚀、河岸烧变岩垮塌相辅相成,共同造就了此种侵蚀地貌。 |
烧变岩 陡崖地貌 | 显著的陡崖地貌 | 大厚度烧变岩垮塌明显,颜色多样 |
| 塌陷地貌 | 地腹煤层自燃造就的地表岩石破裂、沉降地貌 | 烧变岩正在形成 | 煤层自燃导致体积损失,不足以支撑上覆地层 |
| 黄土覆盖地貌 | 烧变岩被黄土覆盖地貌 | 烧变岩规模不一,仅局部出露 | 较早形成的烧变岩被第四纪黄土覆盖 |
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