古地理学报

圈层相互作用下中国东部盆地始新世富有机质页岩形成与有机碳埋藏^*

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梁新平 ¹^,³ , 刘全有 ¹ , 彭晓洋 ³ , Bychkov Andrew ² , 谢庆宾 ³ , 季汉成 ³

古地理学报 | 油气地质 2026,28(2): 557-567

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古地理学报 |油气地质 2026 , 28 (2) : 557 -567

圈层相互作用下中国东部盆地始新世富有机质页岩形成与有机碳埋藏^*

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梁新平¹^,³, 刘全有¹, 彭晓洋³, Bychkov Andrew², 谢庆宾³, 季汉成³

作者信息

1 北京大学能源研究院/页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 100871

2 莫斯科大学地质系地球化学教研室,俄罗斯莫斯科 119899

3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院/油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249

作者简介:

梁新平,女,1987年生,助理研究员,主要从事页岩油气地质研究。E-mail: Xinping.liang@pku.edu.cn。

Organic shale formation and organic carbon burial under interaction of multiple spheres of the Earth in basins in eastern China during the Eocene

Xinping LIANG¹^,³, Quanyou LIU¹, Xiaoyang PENG³, Andrew Bychkov², Qingbin XIE³, Hancheng JI³

Affiliations

1 Institute of Energy,Peking University/State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanism and Efficient Development,Beijing 100871,China

2 Department of Geochemistry,Geological Faculty,Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow 119899,Russian Federation

3 School of Earth Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China

LIANG Xinping,born in 1987,is an assistant professor researcher at Peking University. She is engaged in research on shale oil and gas geology. E-mail: Xinping.liang@pku.edu.cn.

出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.062

文章导航

摘要

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富有机质的形成是全球性地质事件和区域性关键地质事件在岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈物理—化学—生物综合作用的结果。中国东部陆相湖盆古近系始新世富有机质页岩分布广、有机质丰度高、厚度大,是研究圈层相互作用下富有机质页岩形成的良好对象。本研究以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷中始新统沙河街组为例,利用总有机碳/硫含量、有机碳同位素、铁组分和黄铁矿硫同位素等数据,结合中国东部盆地同时期其他层系特征,揭示了关键地质事件驱动的圈层相互作用下富有机质页岩形成与有机碳埋藏之间的关系。结果表明,沙河街组TOC在1%~10%之间,大多数TOC与总硫的比值超过2,活性铁与总铁的比值大于0.38且黄铁矿铁与活性铁的比值小于0.6,指示富有机质页岩是在温暖潮湿的中始新世时期高初级生产力的结果,同时受到火山、热液以及海侵等地质事件的影响。综合中国东部其他盆地研究表明,中始新世广泛的有机碳埋藏是深部地质过程引起的关键地质事件作用下跨圈层物质和能量交换的结果,尽管火山、热液或海侵可能带来额外的硫,但细菌硫酸盐还原反应会有效地耗尽硫酸盐池,利于形成缺氧含铁的沉积水体,为有机质的有效保存提供了基础。

关键词

始新世 / 富有机质页岩 / 圈层相互作用 / 有机碳埋藏 / 中国东部盆地

Abstract

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The formation of organic matter reflects the integrated physical,chemical,and biological responses to key global and regional geological events occurring across the lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,and biosphere. Organic-rich shales of Paleogene-Eocene age in terrestrial lake basins of eastern China are characterized by extensive lateral distribution,high total organic carbon(TOC)content,and considerable stratigraphic thickness—making them ideal archives for investigating the controls on organic-rich shale deposition under multi-sphere interactions. This study focuses on the Middle Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression(Bohai Bay Basin)and integrates geochemical proxies—including TOC and total sulfur(TS)concentrations,organic carbon isotopic composition( $δ 13 C o r g$ ),iron speciation,and pyrite sulfur isotopes( $δ 34 S p y r$ )—with regional stratigraphic data from eastern China basins. Our findings indicate that TOC values in the Shahejie Formation range from 1 wt% to 10 wt%,with most samples exhibiting a TOC/TS ratio>2,a highly reactive iron to total iron ratio>0.38,and a pyrite iron(Fe_Py)to Fe_HR ratio<0.6. These geochemical signatures suggest that organic shale accumulation was primarily driven by elevated primary productivity under warm-humid paleoclimatic conditions,further modulated by co-occurring tectono-volcanic processes—including volcanic input,hydrothermal fluid influx,and episodic marine incursions. Comparative analysis across eastern China basins reveals that widespread Middle Eocene organic carbon burial was ultimately governed by deep-Earth-driven geological events that facilitated cross-sphere exchange of mass and energy. Although volcanic,hydrothermal,and marine inputs may have introduced additional sulfate,bacterial sulfate reduction efficiently depleted the sulfate reservoir,establishing ferruginous(anoxic,non-sulfidic)bottom-water conditions conducive to the preservation of organic matter.

Key words

Eocene / organic-rich shale / interaction of multiple spheres / organic carbon burial / basins in eastern China

引用本文

梁新平, 刘全有, 彭晓洋, Bychkov Andrew, 谢庆宾, 季汉成. 圈层相互作用下中国东部盆地始新世富有机质页岩形成与有机碳埋藏^*. 古地理学报, 2026 , 28 (2) : 557 -567 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.062

Xinping LIANG, Quanyou LIU, Xiaoyang PENG, Andrew Bychkov, Qingbin XIE, Hancheng JI. Organic shale formation and organic carbon burial under interaction of multiple spheres of the Earth in basins in eastern China during the Eocene[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2026 , 28 (2) : 557 -567 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.062

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有机碳作为页岩油气资源最重要的物质基础,是甜点预测和资源评价的关键指标(Liu et al., 2019;朱日祥等,2024;梁新平等,2025)。定量解析地质历史时期跨圈层生物—物理—化学协同控制下的碳迁移与交换过程,对页岩油气资源潜力评价和高效开发具有重要的理论和实践意义(朱日祥等,2024)。一般认为,缺氧条件有利于海洋沉积物中有机碳的保存,然而湖盆作为有机碳埋藏的重要场所,尽管其规模远小于海洋,但有机质富集对环境变化的敏感度却远高于海洋,因此湖盆中有机质的差异性富集规律更为复杂(Malumián and Ramos,1984;Duggen et al., 2010;Lee et al., 2018;Liu et al., 2024)。圈层相互作用下的有机质富集与有机碳埋藏机制,涉及到火山活动、深部流体类型以及富有机质烃源岩形成等问题,是多学科交叉的前沿基础科学问题(Liu et al., 2019,2024;朱日祥等,2024)。

全球气候进入新生代以来,整体表现为变冷的趋势,叠加的几次全球变暖事件,包括古新世/始新世之交的极热事件(PETM)、早始新世气候适宜期(EECO)、中始新世气候适宜期(MECO)、中中新世气候适宜期(MMCO)等(郭颖等,2024;郑凯等,2025)。其中,MECO时期中国东部陆相湖盆富有机质页岩分布广、有机质丰度高、厚度大,既是陆相页岩油开发和富集的有利层段,也是研究圈层相互作用下富有机质页岩形成的良好对象(Liang et al., 2018, 2024)。部分研究表明MECO事件的产生与火山排气的增加有关,同时也有研究认为是海侵事件的结果(Liang et al., 2018, 2024)。鉴于此,本研究结合济阳坳陷沙河街组总有机碳/硫含量、有机碳同位素、铁组分和黄铁矿硫同位素数据,重建了陆相湖盆富有机质页岩层系地质事件作用下有机碳保存与缺氧条件的关系。综合中国东部其他盆地的研究,提出了中始新世广泛的富有机质页岩形成与有机碳埋藏机制,及其对未来页岩油气勘探开发的意义。

1 地质背景

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受太平洋板块俯冲和欧亚板块东缘伸展作用影响,中国东部处于裂陷盆地发育阶段,普遍发育新生代陆相含油气沉积盆地,代表性盆地如渤海湾盆地、江汉盆地、苏北盆地、东海陆架盆地、珠江口盆地、北部湾盆地等(徐亚东等,2014),主力烃源岩层主要集中分布在古近系始新统(图 1),含渤海湾盆地沙河街组、江汉盆地潜江组、东海陆架盆地宝石组和平湖组、珠江口盆地文昌组、北部湾盆地流沙港组等。这些盆地的主力烃源岩形成时间大都在47—37 Ma,TOC含量普遍大于1%,多介于2%~5%之间,局部达10%,以Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根为主,多为深湖相黑色页岩、泥岩与粉细砂岩夹层,并伴有盐湖相钙质页岩、泥灰岩与膏盐层互层。

渤海湾盆地是一个大型的新生代沉积盆地,形成于古亚洲、古特提斯和古太平洋三大构造区的交汇处。西太平洋板块向华北克拉通的俯冲是渤海湾盆地构造演化速度和走向的控制因素。在晚古新世至始新世之间,太平洋板块的俯冲速度在43 Ma降至最低,约为40 mm/yr,方向由西北偏北转变为西北偏西。从43 Ma 至32 Ma逐渐增加到60 mm/yr,使整个亚洲大陆成为一个扩展的构造域。这种扩张在渐新世23 Ma左右达到断裂极限,形成了晚中生代—古近纪渤海湾盆地,盆地分为7个坳陷和3个隆起(Song et al., 2020)。济阳坳陷是渤海湾盆地最大的沉积中心,横跨纬度35°~40°N。坳陷东西长约200 km,南北宽约120 km,总面积26 000 km²。盆地沙四上亚段与沙三下亚段新生代沉积与强烈断陷相吻合,形成了水深达190~290 m的古湖泊,最深可能达到600 m(Song et al., 2020)。该湖在盆地中存在约400万年,并多次与西太平洋古海洋相连,每次持续数千年,期间湖盆主要处于封闭状态(Song et al., 2020;Liang et al., 2024)。岩性主要为泥质,具有广泛的块状和层状结构层,并发育亮晶灰岩、灰质泥岩和白云岩脉(Liang et al., 2018, 2024)。在沙四上亚段沉积时期,随着盆地的沉降,受不同地质作用的影响,湖泊经历了高盐度环境; 在沙三下亚段湿润气候时期,湖盆深度增加,间歇湖泊与海洋相连,从而增加了容纳空间,丰富的半深至深水条件下的缺氧水体为黑色页岩等细粒沉积物的沉积和埋藏提供了有利的保存条件。

2 样品与方法

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研究主要取心井为渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷樊页1井,同时参考对比中国东部其他盆地,包括东海盆地、珠江口盆地、江汉盆地、北部湾盆地、茂名盆地、依兰盆地、抚顺盆地和桦甸盆地等。樊页1井取心长度为403.6 m,TOC、TS、

δ 13 C o r g

、部分主微量元素取样间隔为1.0~1.5 m,铁组分与

δ 34 S p y

取样间隔为5~6 m。总碳(或硫)分析使用Eltra红外(IR)C/S仪,从燃烧与酸化确定的总无机碳(或硫)之间的差异确定浓度,精度优于国际标准IAEA-600的±0.1‰(caffeine,

δ 13 C o r g

=-27.77‰)。元素浓度使用Agilent7700电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)进行酸化的溶液分析,使用USGS标准(BHVO-2和BCR-2),建立的分析精度优于±5%(1σ)。铁组分采用铬还原法提取黄铁矿铁(Fe_py),并对Ag₂S进行定量,用Thermo Fisher Scientific Delta V加同位素质谱仪和闪光EA测定黄铁矿硫同位素; 采用顺序提取法确定铁形态(Poulton and Canfield,2005);铁形态分析精度优于5%,

δ 34 S p y

分析不确定性为0.2‰。

3 结果与讨论

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3.1 圈层相互作用下的富有机质页岩沉积记录

作为重要的页岩油气勘探层系,中国东部盆地(如渤海湾盆地、苏北盆地、江汉盆地、南襄盆地等)在始新世(Eocene,约56—34 Ma)发育了多套富有机质页岩,包括渤海湾盆地沙河街组、东海陆架盆地平湖组、珠江口盆地文昌组、江汉盆地潜江组、北部湾盆地流沙港组、茂名盆地上垌组和油柑窝组、依兰盆地达连河组、抚顺盆地古城子组和计军屯组、桦甸盆地桦甸组等(图 2)。济阳坳陷沙河街组TOC值为1.10%~9.99%,集中分布在3%~5%之间,

δ 13 C o r g

介于-29.3‰~-20.1‰之间,集中分布在-28‰~-25‰之间,多为腐泥型、混合型干酪根(Ⅰ型为主、少量Ⅱ型干酪根)(郭颖等,2024;Liang et al., 2024);流沙港组TOC值为1.72%~8.52%,集中分布在2%~5%之间,

δ 13 C o r g

介于-30.93‰~-23.37‰之间,集中分布在-30‰~-27‰之间,多为腐泥型干酪根(Ⅰ型干酪根)(黄第藩等,1984;刘紫璇,2024);依兰盆地达连河组TOC介于2.59%~12.48%之间,

δ 13 C o r g

介于-21.33‰~23.78‰之间,集中分布在-23‰~-22‰之间,多为腐泥型、混合型干酪根(Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根)(黄第藩等,1984;刘志逊等,2014;Meng et al., 2023);抚顺盆地古城子组TOC值介于1.92%~13.99%之间,集中分布在2%~3%之间,

δ 13 C o r g

介于-28.29‰~-21.05‰之间,集中分布在-25‰~-23‰,多为腐殖型干酪根(Ⅱ-Ⅲ型干酪根)(黄第藩等,1984;王学婷等,2025);抚顺盆地计军屯组TOC值介于8.53%~16.40%之间,平均值为11.79%,计军屯组及西露天组的油页岩样品

δ 13 C o r g

介于-27.17‰~-20.63‰之间,平均-22.84‰,有机质主要来源于水生低等植物(李元吉,2022);桦甸盆地桦甸组TOC值为1.6%~39.6%(为方便作图,图3中未展示TOC大于15%的12个样品,数据参考王勤等,2018),

δ 13 C o r g

介于-28.42‰~-24.56‰之间,集中分布在-26‰~-25‰之间,多为主要为腐泥型干酪根(Ⅰ型为主,少量Ⅱ型)(黄第藩等,1984;孟庆涛,2010;王勤等,2018)。这种大规模的陆相湖盆有机碳埋藏在整个西太平洋的大部分盆地,不仅反映了中始新世大气—陆地—海洋系统地球化学循环的全球性,而且对中国东部页岩油气勘探和古环境恢复具有重要意义。

中国东部盆地中始新世富有机质页岩的形成是大气圈—水圈—岩石圈各种物理化学生物综合作用的结果。与现代大型湖泊及海洋沉积物中的非矿化组分相比(Boscolo Galazzo et al., 2013;Liu et al., 2019,2021),中国东部盆地中始新世富有机质页岩的相对较高TOC值(图 3-a,一般大于1%)可能表明,在整个中始新世沉积时期(MECO,中始新世气候最适宜期)湖盆的初级生产力确实高于其他时段。一般认为,全球范围内,富含藻类的沉积物通常被认为是高初级生产力的产物(Meyers,1997)。例如在济阳坳陷中,由颗石藻和沟鞭藻交替繁盛形成的富藻沉积层是渤海湾盆地古近系优质烃源岩的主要特征,持续时间超过1 Ma(Xie et al., 2016;Shi et al., 2019;Song et al., 2020)。这些藻类繁盛现象在新生代中始新世增温期(41.4—39.2 Ma;Shi et al., 2019)被广泛记录(Bijl et al., 2010;Zachos et al., 2008;Pearson,2010)。在此期间,温暖气候及其伴随的高生产力有利于透光带以下的耗氧过程,导致水体缺氧,从而促进有机质的保存与埋藏。

同时,高初级生产力还可通过有机碳同位素值进一步证实。多数样品的

δ 13 C o r g

值介于-29‰~-25‰之间(图 3-b,3-c),表明有机质来源包括陆生高等植物、湖泊自生浮游植物光合作用及可能的异地输入(Meyers,1997)。中始新世济阳坳陷罕见C4植物(通常分布于干旱环境,

δ 13 C o r g

值高于-20‰,图 4),但可能存在少量C3植物,因高等植物碎片(如叶片)可能通过风力或漂浮碎屑沉降进入湖盆,尽管部分陆源化合物可能在成岩过程中降解。高生产力可通过TOC和钡(Ba)含量的系统性升高得到佐证(Zeng et al., 2018)。一般情况下,暖期的湖泊水体古生产力高于冰期湖泊。例如,中始新世暖期沙河街组在3343.47~3102.67 m记录了11段TOC值超过6%的层段,其中2段TOC值分别高达8.4%(3176.51 m)和10.4%(3192.90 m)(Liang et al., 2024);同时,沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段的TOC多大于2%,Ba含量一般高于200 μg/g(图 5), 与东非马拉维湖(类似高古生产力湖泊)深水缺氧区沉积物类似(TOC含量约为6%,Li et al., 2018),明显高于晚古生代大冰期风城组(TOC一般小于2%,Ba含量一般低于200 μg/g)。

由于MECO(中始新世气候最适宜期)大气中温室气体含量的全球性显著增加(Bijl et al., 2010),光合作用的碳固定可能导致碳同位素比值低至-29‰(Hodell and Schelske,1998)。因此,我们认为

δ 13 C o r g

的负偏移对应于温暖湿润气候下的高初级生产力,这种气候是由大气pCO₂升高引起的。在这些升高的pCO₂条件下,CO₂主要通过光合作用进入湖泊系统,并通过生物过程还原为富含轻同位素(¹²C)的有机质,从而导致δ¹³C_org值的负偏移。

通常,生物标志物在极低浓度下仍可检出,因此其浓度与有机质来源无直接关系。在济阳坳陷沙河街组,尽管可能检测到惹烯、奥利烯或β-胡萝卜素等化合物(Xu et al., 2020),但高等植物对保存有机质的贡献预期较小。此外,生物标志物的相对含量可能随成岩作用进一步变化。例如,Xu等(2020)提出湖盆中心的富有机质页岩形成过程中存在藻类来源的惹烯、奥利烯或β-胡萝卜素。综上,陆源高等植物对有机质的贡献取决于湖泊规模与沉积过程。在大型近海湖泊中,陆源输入仅在强风暴、洪水等事件时显著。济阳坳陷面积达26 000 km²,湖盆中心未发生大规模陆源输入事件,故检测到的高等植物化合物并不意味该离岸湖泊存在显著的陆源有机质输入。结合现代湖泊的沉积特征,中国东部盆地近海湖盆沉积,有机质可能主要来源于湖泊自生作用,而陆源有机质(如植物)的输入可能仅发生在短暂时期内。例如在沙河街组样品中,仅有少数样品(沙三下段25个,沙四上段27个)的

δ 13 C o r g

值高于-25‰,且这些样品的平均TOC为4%~5%(图 4),表明在这一时期有机质可能偶尔来源于非常有限的陆生植物。因此,陆相湖盆烃源岩中的有机质富集很可能主要源于本地藻类和细菌的生产,并且具备有利的保存条件。

3.2 圈层相互作用下有机质形成与保存

富有机质页岩的形成需要特定的地质条件,包括高生产力、缺氧保存环境和适宜的沉积速率等,这些条件受控于构造—气候—生物协同作用,是地球系统多圈层耦合的结果。在始新世中期全球性增温背景下,降水与大气成分直接控制风化类型与速率,而风化作用又通过碳循环、反照率、生物地球化学过程反馈调节气候,两者构成地球系统的核心耦合关系。化学蚀变指数(Chemical Alteration Index,CIA)被广泛用作古气候指标,反映了气候对化学风化的控制程度。一般情况下,炎热潮湿的气候促进了岩石的化学风化,而寒冷干燥的环境则削弱了岩石的化学风化,也有学者认为在计算泥质岩CIA指数时,应首先针对常量元素的摩尔数计算出成分变异指数(Index of Compositional Variability,ICV),然后对ICV>1的样品进行CIA的校正与计算(徐小涛和邵龙义,2018)。一般CIA值低(50~65)代表寒冷干旱气候,CIA值中等(65~85)代表温暖湿润气候,CIA值高(85~100)代表湿热气候。计算公式如下:

公式(1)

C I A = [A l 2 O 3 / (A l 2 O 3 + C a O * + N a 2 O + K 2 O)] × 100

CaO^*仅表示与硅酸盐矿物相关的钙,修正公式: CaO^*=摩尔CaO-P₂O₅×10/3。当CaO^*含量小于Na₂O含量时,以CaO^*含量为准; 否则,将原来计算的CaO^*含量替换为Na₂O含量。可根据烃源岩钾交代进一步校正K₂O: K₂O_corr=摩尔[m×Al₂O₃+m×(CaO+Na₂O)]/(1-m),其中m为烃源岩参数,由风化趋势线与CN-K线相交确定(Panahi et al., 2000)。

中国东部盆地富有机质页岩整体形成于温暖潮湿的气候环境,校正后的文昌组CIA值在54.85~84.11之间,平均69.63(高阳东等,2022),平湖组CIA值在59.54~81.39之间,平均72.12(沈文超等,2022),抚顺盆地始新统CIA在40.62~94.32之间,平均74.81(李元吉,2022),桦甸组CIA在30.38~85.79,平均61.71(胡晓峰,2009)(图 6)。沙河街组沙四上段由于发育频繁的火山喷发,CIA值在3~64.33之间(平均41.31),具有弱风化强度的寒冷干燥气候特征(Wu et al., 2021;Gao et al., 2024)(图 6)。

基于Berner和Raiswell(1984)提出的硫酸盐还原反应计量学,硫酸盐还原指数(sulfate reduction index,SRI)可以用有机碳降解损失量(Closs)表达,用于指示硫酸盐还原作用(bacterial sulfate reduction,BSR)的强弱:

公式(2)

S R I = (T O C + C l o s s) / T O C (1)

其中:

公式(3)

C l o s s = T S / 1.33 (2)

将公式(3)代入(2)可得:

公式(4)

S R I = (T O C + T S / 1.33) / T O C = 1 + 0.75 × T S / T O C

其中,SRI反映有机碳最低降解消耗强度,BSR活性越强,SRI值越高,有机质消耗量越大。当SRI<1.375时,BSR受硫酸盐总量限制,未降解TOC可能显著富集; 当SRI>1.375时,BSR强度提升,整体TOC值相对较低(Liu et al., 2021)。

济阳坳陷沙河街组TOC在1%到10%之间,大多数样品TOC与总硫(TS)的比值超过2(图 7)。多数样品SRI值<1.375,表明水体中硫酸盐还原作用较弱,有利于有机质保存与埋藏。同时,岩心分析表明,火山活动、热液作用及海侵事件共同影响了沙河街组富有机质页岩的形成。火山活动可能会增加营养输入(Liu et al., 2019,2024),造成水体表层藻类勃发并大量消耗氧气,形成短暂、快速间歇的硫化环境,表现为

δ 13 C o r g

和

δ 34 S p y

同时负偏(降幅2‰~6‰,图 7)。中始新世增温期,海侵作用会导致湖水加深并使黄铁矿

δ 34 S p y

值趋近海水特征。沙河街组

δ 34 S p y

值在9‰~36‰间波动,既低于也高于MECO期海洋硫酸盐基准值(20.9‰±0.5‰;Longinelli,1989;Kampschulte et al., 2001),同时岩心中海相介形虫也指示了海侵事件的影响,并与天文旋回方法的地层解释结果一致(Ma et al., 2023)。海侵时期气候暖湿,海平面上升,输入大量Ca²⁺利于湖相碳酸盐的形成,并与有机质协同沉积,形成交互纹层。由于沙河街组整体上Fe_HR/Fe_T>0.38和 Fe_HR/Fe_T<0.6,说明尽管火山、热液或海侵可能带来额外的硫进入水体,但短暂且快速的细菌硫酸盐还原反应会耗尽硫酸盐池,为有效保存湖盆水体中沉积的有机碳创造了缺氧含铁的底水条件。

4 结论

收起

地球系统中岩石圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈等各圈层之间的物质交换与能量流动形成的复杂耦合关系对理解全球气候变化、资源分布和生态环境演变具有重要意义。中国东部盆地受海陆相互作用、地下水循环、火山、热液等影响,产生CO₂通量与潜热输送、蒸发—降水等大气圈—水圈与岩石圈的耦合,在中始新世气候最适宜时期构造-沉积控制裂谷盆地发育,形成了多个封闭—半封闭湖盆。MECO温室气候大气CO₂浓度达800~1200 μL/L,全球年均温较现代高4~6 ℃,水文循环强度增强(降水增加30%~50%),湖泊古生产力增加,藻类勃发(颗石藻/沟鞭藻占有机质70%以上),氧气消耗,形成缺氧的水体环境,促进了有机碳的保存和埋藏。因此,气候—生物圈—水圈耦合驱动了该时期全球多个富有机质页岩层系的形成。

中国东部盆地中始新世有机碳埋藏是深部地质过程引起的关键地质事件作用下跨圈层物质和能量交换的结果。尽管火山、热液或海侵可能带来额外的硫,但细菌硫酸盐还原反应会有效地耗尽硫酸盐池,为有效保存湖盆水体中沉积的有机碳创造缺氧含铁的底水条件。中始新世广泛的全球变暖事件,极有可能在中国东部海陆相各大沉积盆地均有响应,且沉积厚度不等,可作为未来页岩油气勘探的有利层段。

基金

收起

* 国家自然科学基金项目(42488101)
油气资源与工程全国重点实验室开放课题(PRE/open-2402)

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2026年第28卷第2期

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doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.062

接收时间：2025-07-17
首发时间：2026-09-24
出版时间：2026-04-01

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-07-17
修回日期：2025-10-18

基金

National Natural Science Foundation of China(42488101)

* 国家自然科学基金项目(42488101)

project of the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering(PRE/open-2402)

油气资源与工程全国重点实验室开放课题(PRE/open-2402)

作者信息

1 北京大学能源研究院/页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 100871

2 莫斯科大学地质系地球化学教研室,俄罗斯莫斯科 119899

3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院/油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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