Article(id=1309822109350719508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7605/gdlxb.2026.047, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749139200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-06, revisedDate=1753632000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790215526187, onlineDateStr=2026-09-24, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790215526187, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790215526187, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790215526187, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309822074055655955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, year='2026', volume='28', issue='3', pageStart='843', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790215517772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790215820848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309823345311445794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309823345311445795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309822074055655955, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1071, endPage=1086, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309822109577211925, articleId=1309822109350719508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=EN, title=Stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin, columnId=1309196717719908635, journalTitle=Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), columnName=LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Mianyang-Guang'an Trough in Sichuan Basin is an intra-platform depression developed within the Upper Yangtze Platform during the Late Permian to Early Triassic. This trough,with a water depth between fair-weather wave base and maximum storm wave base,transitions northward into slope facies. In Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,the Changxing Formation,deposited during the Late Permian,is characterized by numerous patch reefs/shoals with minimal dolomitization. By integrating petrographic analysis with Integrated Nonstationary Process Empirical Function Analysis(INPEFA),the Changxing Formation can be subdivided,in an ascending order,into the 1st Member(SQ1-HST and SQ2-TST),lower part in the 2nd Member(SQ2-HST),middle part in the 2nd Member(SQ3),and upper part in the 2nd Member(SQ4). The 1st Member is mainly composed of micritic limestones intercalated with shales and mudstones,which constructed a ramp. The 2nd Member,in contrast,is characterized by grainstones and framestones,which formed a rimmed platform. Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,which developed during the deposition of the 2nd Member,comprises four subfacies,including shoals,reefs,inter-shoal zones and off-reef seafloor deposits. The shoals,which are commonly associated with HST in SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4,are mainly formed by skeletal grainstones,and characterized by low GR(29.3~34.6 API)and relatively low CNL values(13.3%~18.0%). The reefs,developed in the SQ4-TST,are formed of framestones and/or dolomitic framestones,and characterized by relatively low GR(34.0~37.3 API),and relatively high CNL values(19.0%~22.0%). The inter-shoal zones,developed in both HST and TST,consist of wackestones and packstones that are characterized by low CNL(9.9%~11.3%),low RT(33.1~37.3 Ω·m), low DEN(2.55~2.57 g/cm3),and low GR values(26.0~29.5 API). The off-reef seafloor deposits,which consist of intercalated micritic limestones,siltstones and mudstones,are commonly associated with the SQ2-HST,and characterized by serrated log curves. In terms of petrographic and stratigraphic characteristics,reefs and shoals developed in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough are comparable to those in the platform-interior facies,but distinct from those in the platform margins. The stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough can provide a novel geological model for deciphering trough facies on the carbonate platforms,but also offer theoretical support for exploration in this region.

, authors=Haofei SUN1, Xinliang MA2, 3, 4, Long WEN1, Ting LIANG2, 3, 4, Wenjie ZHANG1, Pingping LI2, 3, 4, Ying MING1, Fujie JIANG2, 3, Liang XU1, authorsList=Haofei SUN, Xinliang MA, Long WEN, Ting LIANG, Wenjie ZHANG, Pingping LI, Ying MING, Fujie JIANG, Liang XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting LIANG, authorNote=

SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

, correspAuthorsNote=
LIANG Ting,born in 1983,Ph.D.,associate professor,is engaged in carbonate sedimentology and sedimentary geochemistry. E-mail: .
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309822113352085544, articleId=1309822109350719508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=CN, title=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼二叠系长兴组含礁地层对比与沉积相特征*, columnId=1309812567028105967, journalTitle=古地理学报, columnName=岩相古地理学与沉积学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼是发育在晚二叠世—早三叠世上扬子碳酸盐岩台地内的洼地。其水深介于正常浪基面与最大风暴浪基面之间,北侧与深水区的斜坡相过渡。台洼内上二叠统长兴组为一套云化程度极低的含礁地层。利用岩性特征结合频谱趋势属性分析技术(INPEFA),长兴组自下而上分为长一段(SQ1-HST和SQ2-TST)、长二下亚段(SQ2-HST)、长二中亚段(SQ3)和长二上亚段(SQ4)。长一段由泥晶灰岩和泥页岩组成,形成缓坡型台地。长二段以生屑颗粒灰岩和骨架灰岩的大量出现为特征,形成镶边型台地。绵阳—广安台洼发育在长二段沉积期,可分为台洼滩、台洼礁、台洼滩间及台洼海4个亚相。台洼滩发育在SQ2-SQ4的HST,为生屑颗粒灰岩,呈低GR(29.3~34.6 API)和较低CNL(13.3%~18.0%)。台洼礁发育在SQ4-TST,为(云质)海绵骨架灰岩,呈较低GR(34.0~37.3 API)和较高CNL(19.0%~22.0%)。台洼滩间在长二段各体系域均可发育,以生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩为主,具低CNL(9.9%~11.3%)-低RT(33.1~37.3 Ω·m)-低DEN(2.55~2.57 g/cm3)-低GR(26.0~29.5 API)。台洼海发育于SQ2-HST,为泥晶灰岩、粉砂岩和泥岩的互层,测井曲线齿化严重。在岩石学特征和发育层位上,台洼与台内的礁/滩亚相具有可对比性,但与台缘带显著不同。研究结果不仅可以弥补台洼相的研究空白,也可以为绵阳—广安台洼地区勘探部署提供理论支撑。

, authors=孙豪飞1, 马昕亮2, 3, 4, 文龙1, 梁婷2, 3, 4, 张文杰1, 李平平2, 3, 4, 明盈1, 姜福杰2, 3, 徐亮1, authorsList=孙豪飞, 马昕亮, 文龙, 梁婷, 张文杰, 李平平, 明盈, 姜福杰, 徐亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梁婷, authorNote=

孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

, correspAuthorsNote=
梁婷,女,1983年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为碳酸盐岩沉积学与沉积地球化学。E-mail: 。
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SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

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SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

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孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

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孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

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Depositional model of reef and shoal in the newly drilled block in the eastern Sichuan area and favorable facies belt: taking the Upper Permian Changhsing Formation in the southeastern edge of the Ban area as an example. 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Characteristics of fluid inclusions and oil and gas charging stages in the Permian Maokou Formation in southern Sichuan. 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Characteristics of deep microbial carbonate reservoirs and oil and gas exploration prospects in the Sichuan Basin. 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Sedimentary pattern and hydrocarbon accumulation control significance of the Changxing-Feixianguan formations in northeastern Sichuan. 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Vertical heterogeneity characteristics and formation mechanisms of shoal reservoirs in the Changhsing Formation in eastern Sichuan: A case study of the Changhsing Formation section in Xuanhan Panlongdong. 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Differential tectonic-thermal evolution and shale gas preservation in the Dingshan area of southeastern Sichuan during the Yanshanian-Himalayan periods. 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Sedimentary structures and differential evolution characteristics of bioreefs under different slope conditions: a case study of the Changhsing Formation on the west side of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough. 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Characteristics and differences of platform edge reservoirs in the middle and eastern sections of the west side of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough. 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Depositional configuration and distribution laws of intraplatform shoals within the sequence framework of the Changhsing Formation in the central Sichuan. 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Study on reef and shoal sedimentation and reservoir-source characteristics of the Changhsing Formation in the Deyang-Wusheng Trough. 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Geological characteristics of the Sinian-Early Cambrian intracratonic rift in the Sichuan Basin. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四川盆地绵阳-广安台洼位置及晚二叠世长兴期沉积相

a—四川盆地在扬子板块的位置(改自邱楠生等,2020;何治亮等,2021;李跃杰等,2023);b—二叠系长兴组沉积相图(引自西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院资料,2023);c—绵阳—广安台洼沉积相图

, figureFileSmall=gt6aM0KidA4R4HPPj96gaQ==, figureFileBig=7n5B66kFNgYkcem+svyHZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123120619637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comprehensive stratigraphic columns of the Changxing Formation in Well Pengshen 10 from Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=brHE18M0a26pVMcMzMcJ8A==, figureFileBig=1Z6Dyrhy0RJLdUM//PuKlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123418415222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图2, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼内蓬深10井长兴组综合柱状图

a—蓬深10井长兴组全井段综合柱状图; b—蓬深10井长兴组取心段综合柱状图

, figureFileSmall=brHE18M0a26pVMcMzMcJ8A==, figureFileBig=1Z6Dyrhy0RJLdUM//PuKlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123523272823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Stratigraphic correlation among various wells throughout the Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=3lokegoyToPzVYP8uNIp1Q==, figureFileBig=kGwJ4H2g09rQuEp9HLAAyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123594575992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图3, caption=四川盆地不同井位地层对比图

从左至右数据来源: 磨溪16井改自王东等(2023);蓬深10井来自本研究; 蓬深2井来自本研究; 元坝2井数据来自中石化勘探分公司资料; 七里北2井改自姚鑫阳等(2024); 井位见图1-b

, figureFileSmall=3lokegoyToPzVYP8uNIp1Q==, figureFileBig=kGwJ4H2g09rQuEp9HLAAyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123854622841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comprehensive identification plate of lithology of the Changxing Formation,Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=YJ2Ji+8owiUqg1/OCpTOZQ==, figureFileBig=y0LM/eyR32LlRxQ69XjxuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822123921731706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四川盆地长兴组岩性综合识别图版, figureFileSmall=YJ2Ji+8owiUqg1/OCpTOZQ==, figureFileBig=y0LM/eyR32LlRxQ69XjxuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822124014006395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cores of the Chanxing Formation reefs in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough(Well Pengshen 10)and in the Zitong-Guang'an Open Shelf(Well Pengshen 2),Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=lGWAAqNqD9SYDLdtHWw9qg==, figureFileBig=zqo717VjHCxqu9oVpAnTig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822124248887420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图5, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼内长兴组点礁(蓬深10 井)以及梓潼—广安台内长兴组礁滩带(蓬深2井)岩心

a—海绵骨架灰岩,蓬深10井,井深5450.1 m,长二上亚段; b—云质海绵骨架灰岩,残余骨架为海绵(红色箭头),蓬深10井,井深5455.0 m,长二上亚段; c—生屑泥粒灰岩,蓬深10井,井深5468.7 m,长二中亚段; d—生屑颗粒灰岩,蓬深10井,井深5439.1 m,长二上亚段; e—生屑颗粒灰岩,蓬深10井,井深5466.3 m,长二中亚段; f—生屑泥粒灰岩,蓬深2井,井深6044.9 m,长二中亚段

, figureFileSmall=lGWAAqNqD9SYDLdtHWw9qg==, figureFileBig=zqo717VjHCxqu9oVpAnTig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822124332773501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Petrographic analysis of the Changxing Formation reefs in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough(Well Pengshen 10) and in Zitong-Guang'an Open Shelf(Well Pengshen 2),Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=Gkt1MxY5kbCMKAWvJar+wA==, figureFileBig=v5WkotIdxRcvVBd7w8BWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822124420853886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图6, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼内长兴组点礁(蓬深10井)以及梓潼—广安台内长兴组礁滩带(蓬深2井)样品镜下特征

a—海绵骨架灰岩,蓬深10井,井深5450.1 m,长二上亚段,未经茜素红染色; b—云质海绵骨架灰岩,残余骨架为海绵,蓬深10井,井深5455.0 m,长二上亚段,经部分茜素红染色; c—生屑泥粒灰岩,生屑为棘皮类(绿色箭头)和有孔虫(黄色箭头),蓬深10井,井深5468.7 m,长二中亚段,经茜素红染色; d—生屑颗粒灰岩,生屑为Parafusulina schucherti类有孔虫(黄色箭头)和棘皮类(绿色箭头),蓬深10井,井深5439.1 m,长二上亚段,未经茜素红染色; e—生屑颗粒灰岩,生屑为有孔虫和棘皮类,蓬深10井,井深5466.3 m,长二中亚段,经茜素红染色; f—生屑泥粒灰岩,蓬深2井,井深6044.9 m,长二中亚段,经茜素红染色

, figureFileSmall=Gkt1MxY5kbCMKAWvJar+wA==, figureFileBig=v5WkotIdxRcvVBd7w8BWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822124685095039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Sedimentary correlation of the Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin(location is shown in Fig.1-c), figureFileSmall=xTDM8MXZUHhgcC2RlV8n3Q==, figureFileBig=brhMsvkA3BxplgFDTZckMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822125087748224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图7, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼及其周缘长兴组南西—北东向沉积对比(剖面位置见图1-c), figureFileSmall=xTDM8MXZUHhgcC2RlV8n3Q==, figureFileBig=brhMsvkA3BxplgFDTZckMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822125200994433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Sedimentary facies distribution of the Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=ycStSgbnU/owJqMWVX2PQA==, figureFileBig=x5YldgUqxA1OOEyuD1+hqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822125272297602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图8, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼及其周缘长兴组沉积相平面分布

a—长二下亚段沉积期; b—长二中亚段沉积期; c—长二上亚段沉积期。相带边界修改自文龙等(2023)、王嘉先等(2025)和Wen等(2025)

, figureFileSmall=ycStSgbnU/owJqMWVX2PQA==, figureFileBig=x5YldgUqxA1OOEyuD1+hqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822125570093187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Sedimentary facies model of the Member 2 of Changxing Formation of Upper Permian in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough and its peripheral areas,Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=1PRGE41m90xTNGKCtr8eJQ==, figureFileBig=whMyHkiqrWk8UZbQPD5l/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822125930803332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=图9, caption=四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼及其周缘上二叠统长兴组二段沉积模式, figureFileSmall=1PRGE41m90xTNGKCtr8eJQ==, figureFileBig=whMyHkiqrWk8UZbQPD5l/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309822126027272325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Stratigraphic divisions of the Changxing Formation in Sichuan Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观点 分段 界面识别依据 代表性地区与论文
岩石学特征 测井特征
二分法 上段 出现大量海绵骨架灰岩和生屑颗粒灰岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线由箱状低值向齿状中高值转换 普光元坝地区(郭彤楼,2011);
建南地区(胡忠贵等,2014);
川中地区(刘树根等,2016);
磨溪地区(王东等,2023);
仪陇地区(章学刚等,2022)
下段 泥晶灰岩为主 自然伽马(GR)曲线先升高后下降识别出层序界面
三分法 长三段 泥晶灰岩和泥质灰岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线表现为低—中值的特征 武胜地区(蒋裕强等,2019);
龙岗(唐雨等,2021);
开江梁平海槽(陈鑫等,2022);
黄龙地区(左洺滔等,2022);
开江梁平海槽东侧(蔡强等,2024);
普光—七里北—黄龙场地区
(姚鑫阳等,2024)
长二段 生屑颗粒灰岩与骨架灰岩/云岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线表现为低值—极低值
长一段 泥晶灰岩为主 低—中伽马(GR)及中—高电阻率(RT)为主
), ArticleFig(id=1309822126362816646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川盆地长兴组分层方案对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观点 分段 界面识别依据 代表性地区与论文
岩石学特征 测井特征
二分法 上段 出现大量海绵骨架灰岩和生屑颗粒灰岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线由箱状低值向齿状中高值转换 普光元坝地区(郭彤楼,2011);
建南地区(胡忠贵等,2014);
川中地区(刘树根等,2016);
磨溪地区(王东等,2023);
仪陇地区(章学刚等,2022)
下段 泥晶灰岩为主 自然伽马(GR)曲线先升高后下降识别出层序界面
三分法 长三段 泥晶灰岩和泥质灰岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线表现为低—中值的特征 武胜地区(蒋裕强等,2019);
龙岗(唐雨等,2021);
开江梁平海槽(陈鑫等,2022);
黄龙地区(左洺滔等,2022);
开江梁平海槽东侧(蔡强等,2024);
普光—七里北—黄龙场地区
(姚鑫阳等,2024)
长二段 生屑颗粒灰岩与骨架灰岩/云岩 自然伽马(GR)曲线表现为低值—极低值
长一段 泥晶灰岩为主 低—中伽马(GR)及中—高电阻率(RT)为主
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四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼二叠系长兴组含礁地层对比与沉积相特征*
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孙豪飞 1 , 马昕亮 2, 3, 4 , 文龙 1 , 梁婷 2, 3, 4 , 张文杰 1 , 李平平 2, 3, 4 , 明盈 1 , 姜福杰 2, 3 , 徐亮 1
古地理学报 | 岩相古地理学与沉积学 2026,28(3): 1071-1086
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古地理学报 |岩相古地理学与沉积学 2026 , 28 (3) : 1071 -1086
四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼二叠系长兴组含礁地层对比与沉积相特征*
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[Author(id=1309822114610376758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sunhaofei@petroChina.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1309822114685874232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, authorId=1309822114610376758, language=EN, stringName=Haofei SUN, firstName=Haofei, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China, bio={"content":"

SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

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孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

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孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

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3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1309822114199334956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822114207723565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822114199334956, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822114232889390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822114199334956, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309822114308386863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822114312581168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822114308386863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822114320969777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822114308386863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249)])]), Author(id=1309822118800486501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1309822119232499815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, authorId=1309822118800486501, language=EN, stringName=Liang XU, firstName=Liang, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1309822119672901736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, authorId=1309822118800486501, language=CN, stringName=徐亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1309822113897345065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822113905733674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822113897345065, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309822113918316587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309822109350719508, companyId=1309822113897345065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610051)])])]
孙豪飞1 , 马昕亮2, 3, 4, 文龙1, 梁婷2, 3, 4 , 张文杰1, 李平平2, 3, 4, 明盈1, 姜福杰2, 3, 徐亮1
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610051
  • 2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249
  • 3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
  • 4 中国石油大学(北京)碳酸盐岩研究中心, 北京 102249
通讯作者:
梁婷,女,1983年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为碳酸盐岩沉积学与沉积地球化学。E-mail: 。
作者简介:

孙豪飞,男,1989年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。E-mail: 。

Stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin
Haofei SUN1 , Xinliang MA2, 3, 4, Long WEN1, Ting LIANG2, 3, 4 , Wenjie ZHANG1, Pingping LI2, 3, 4, Ying MING1, Fujie JIANG2, 3, Liang XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 3 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 4 Carbonate Research Center, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIANG Ting,born in 1983,Ph.D.,associate professor,is engaged in carbonate sedimentology and sedimentary geochemistry. E-mail: .

    SUN Haofei,born in 1989,MSc.,engineer,is engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological research and exploration deployment. E-mail: .

出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.047
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四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼是发育在晚二叠世—早三叠世上扬子碳酸盐岩台地内的洼地。其水深介于正常浪基面与最大风暴浪基面之间,北侧与深水区的斜坡相过渡。台洼内上二叠统长兴组为一套云化程度极低的含礁地层。利用岩性特征结合频谱趋势属性分析技术(INPEFA),长兴组自下而上分为长一段(SQ1-HST和SQ2-TST)、长二下亚段(SQ2-HST)、长二中亚段(SQ3)和长二上亚段(SQ4)。长一段由泥晶灰岩和泥页岩组成,形成缓坡型台地。长二段以生屑颗粒灰岩和骨架灰岩的大量出现为特征,形成镶边型台地。绵阳—广安台洼发育在长二段沉积期,可分为台洼滩、台洼礁、台洼滩间及台洼海4个亚相。台洼滩发育在SQ2-SQ4的HST,为生屑颗粒灰岩,呈低GR(29.3~34.6 API)和较低CNL(13.3%~18.0%)。台洼礁发育在SQ4-TST,为(云质)海绵骨架灰岩,呈较低GR(34.0~37.3 API)和较高CNL(19.0%~22.0%)。台洼滩间在长二段各体系域均可发育,以生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩为主,具低CNL(9.9%~11.3%)-低RT(33.1~37.3 Ω·m)-低DEN(2.55~2.57 g/cm3)-低GR(26.0~29.5 API)。台洼海发育于SQ2-HST,为泥晶灰岩、粉砂岩和泥岩的互层,测井曲线齿化严重。在岩石学特征和发育层位上,台洼与台内的礁/滩亚相具有可对比性,但与台缘带显著不同。研究结果不仅可以弥补台洼相的研究空白,也可以为绵阳—广安台洼地区勘探部署提供理论支撑。

绵阳—广安台洼  /  点礁  /  长兴组  /  上二叠统  /  四川盆地

Mianyang-Guang'an Trough in Sichuan Basin is an intra-platform depression developed within the Upper Yangtze Platform during the Late Permian to Early Triassic. This trough,with a water depth between fair-weather wave base and maximum storm wave base,transitions northward into slope facies. In Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,the Changxing Formation,deposited during the Late Permian,is characterized by numerous patch reefs/shoals with minimal dolomitization. By integrating petrographic analysis with Integrated Nonstationary Process Empirical Function Analysis(INPEFA),the Changxing Formation can be subdivided,in an ascending order,into the 1st Member(SQ1-HST and SQ2-TST),lower part in the 2nd Member(SQ2-HST),middle part in the 2nd Member(SQ3),and upper part in the 2nd Member(SQ4). The 1st Member is mainly composed of micritic limestones intercalated with shales and mudstones,which constructed a ramp. The 2nd Member,in contrast,is characterized by grainstones and framestones,which formed a rimmed platform. Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,which developed during the deposition of the 2nd Member,comprises four subfacies,including shoals,reefs,inter-shoal zones and off-reef seafloor deposits. The shoals,which are commonly associated with HST in SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4,are mainly formed by skeletal grainstones,and characterized by low GR(29.3~34.6 API)and relatively low CNL values(13.3%~18.0%). The reefs,developed in the SQ4-TST,are formed of framestones and/or dolomitic framestones,and characterized by relatively low GR(34.0~37.3 API),and relatively high CNL values(19.0%~22.0%). The inter-shoal zones,developed in both HST and TST,consist of wackestones and packstones that are characterized by low CNL(9.9%~11.3%),low RT(33.1~37.3 Ω·m), low DEN(2.55~2.57 g/cm3),and low GR values(26.0~29.5 API). The off-reef seafloor deposits,which consist of intercalated micritic limestones,siltstones and mudstones,are commonly associated with the SQ2-HST,and characterized by serrated log curves. In terms of petrographic and stratigraphic characteristics,reefs and shoals developed in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough are comparable to those in the platform-interior facies,but distinct from those in the platform margins. The stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough can provide a novel geological model for deciphering trough facies on the carbonate platforms,but also offer theoretical support for exploration in this region.

Mianyang-Guang'an Trough  /  patch reef  /  Changxing Formation  /  Upper Permian  /  Sichuan Basin
孙豪飞, 马昕亮, 文龙, 梁婷, 张文杰, 李平平, 明盈, 姜福杰, 徐亮. 四川盆地绵阳—广安台洼二叠系长兴组含礁地层对比与沉积相特征*. 古地理学报, 2026 , 28 (3) : 1071 -1086 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.047
Haofei SUN, Xinliang MA, Long WEN, Ting LIANG, Wenjie ZHANG, Pingping LI, Ying MING, Fujie JIANG, Liang XU. Stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang-Guang'an Trough,Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2026 , 28 (3) : 1071 -1086 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.047
碳酸盐岩台地(以下简称“台地”)是指浅海环境下(最大风暴浪基面以上),由碳酸盐沉积物长期堆积形成的厚层沉积体(Tucker and Wright,1990;James and Jones,2014)。在台地上,由于全球控制因素(如光照、温度、水体营养条件、盐度、碳酸盐饱和度和泥质含量等)和区域性控制因素(如水动力条件、洋流海洋—气候系统、大气系统,以及陆源碎屑沉积物和淡水输入等)的差异(Schlager,2003;Reijmer,2021),碳酸盐沉积常常呈现不同的沉积相带分布特征(James,1983;James and Jones,2014;Gischler,2025)。因此,前人提出了诸如陆表海模式(Irwin,1965)、镶边台地模式(Read,1985;Tucker and Wright,1990)、综合模式(Wilson,1975;金振奎等,2021)、缓坡台地模式(Burchette and Wright,1992)、孤立台地模式(Tucker and Wright,1990)以及基于构造背景的台地沉积模式(Bosence,2005)等,用以刻画不同类型台地上的沉积规律。然而,这些沉积模式普遍忽略了古老台地中构造古地理(如古裂陷)对沉积相的控制作用。近年来,随着古裂陷在四川盆地、塔里木盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地的陆续发现(魏国齐等,2015;管树巍等,2017;周进高等,2024),理解其对沉积特征的影响已然成为古老台地沉积模式构建的关键(武赛军等,2019;陈鑫等,2022)。目前大部分的研究都集中在规模较大的古裂陷,如四川盆地震旦纪—寒武纪的德阳—安岳裂陷(如魏国齐等,2015)和晚二叠世的开江—梁平海槽(王一刚等,2005)等,而对规模较小的裂陷(如台洼)关注较少。迄今为止,台洼仅在上扬子克拉通盆地晚二叠世—早三叠世台地有报道(张奇等,2010;李秋芬等,2015;文龙等,2023)。
发育在上扬子克拉通盆地晚二叠世—早三叠世台地内部的台洼位于四川盆地绵阳—广安一带,被称为绵阳—广安台洼(张奇等,2010;李秋芬等,2015)。其与同样可以发育在台地内部的深水潟湖不同,台洼向北与广海连通,且其内长兴组发育极其丰富点礁/滩群,极具勘探潜力(文龙等,2023)。由于绵阳—广安台洼走向与开江—梁平海槽一致,绵阳—广安台洼曾经一度被认为是位于最大风暴浪基面之下的深水环境(李秋芬等,2015;文龙等,2023)。然而,近年来的研究表明,绵阳—广安台洼和开江—梁平海槽可能在沉积过程上并不一致。首先,绵阳—广安台洼的长兴组发育了大量的点礁/滩群,而在开江—梁平海槽尚未发现长兴组点礁(文龙等,2023;王嘉先等,2025)。其次,环海槽形成的台地边缘相带生物礁具有云化程度高的特点(Li et al., 2015;吴亚生等,2015),而在绵阳—广安台洼内部及其周缘的长兴组礁/滩云化程度普遍较低(王东等,2023;王嘉先等,2025)。最后,台洼的地震数据显示其在水深上比开江—梁平海槽浅(张奇等,2010;李秋芬等,2015)。因此,绵阳—广安台洼是与广海连通的台内洼地,水深在正常浪基面之下,最大风暴浪基面之上。然而,由于以往对台洼的认识不足,关于发育在台洼内的含礁地层的沉积相和地层对比研究尚未开展。显然的,对台洼相研究的缺乏,不仅影响了对碳酸盐岩台地相带展布和规律的完整性认识,也限制了绵阳—广安台洼的下一步勘探部署。
本研究以绵阳—广安台洼及其东缘最新钻遇的长兴组含礁/滩地层为研究对象,达到以下研究目的: (1)利用频谱趋势属性分析技术(INPEFA)搭建台洼—台内—台缘长兴组含礁地层的等时地层格架; (2)结合薄片和测井数据,明确绵阳—广安台洼长兴组沉积相类型及特征; (3)分析绵阳—广安台洼长兴组点礁/滩的发育规律。研究结果不仅可以丰富对台洼含礁地层的沉积学理论认识,同时也可以为四川盆地晚二叠世岩相古地理重建提供新的数据,为进一步拓展四川盆地长兴组油气勘探领域提供参考。
四川盆地是处于上扬子克拉通盆地北缘的叠合盆地(图1-a)。在晚二叠世—早三叠世,四川盆地进入克拉通内裂陷盆地演化阶段(倪新锋等,2007;黄福喜,2011)。在晚二叠世,受北东—南西向的张应力影响,四川盆地形成了近北西—南东走向的“三隆三坳”地貌格局。自东向西,三坳分别为鄂西—城口海槽、开江—梁平海槽以及绵阳—广安台洼(图1-b)。研究区位于绵阳—广安台洼,其西南边界倚靠遂宁—合川台内礁滩带,而东北边界紧临梓潼—广安台内礁滩带(图1-c)。绵阳—广安台洼形成于长兴组沉积中晚期,消亡于飞仙关组沉积早期(姜华等,2014)。
四川盆地在晚二叠世进入稳定的构造阶段,沉积环境演化为上扬子克拉通盆地内的碳酸盐岩台地,形成了以石灰岩和含云灰岩为主的长兴组(张奇等,2010;张建勇等,2011)。长兴组上覆于上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩,两者以整合关系接触。长兴组顶部为侵蚀不整合面,与上二叠统—下三叠统的飞仙关组泥页岩分隔(Yin et al., 2014)。厚度上长兴组东厚西薄,在川东北可厚达300 m,而在川中只有55~140 m(王东等,2023;姚鑫阳等,2024)。
关于长兴组的分层方案,迄今尚未统一(表1)。传统的长兴组地层划分方案是根据岩石学和测井特征,将长兴组自下而上划分为长一段、长二段和长三段(蒋裕强等,2019;唐雨等,2021;陈鑫等,2022;左洺滔等,2022)。其中,长一段以深灰色泥晶灰岩为主,呈低—中伽马(GR)及中—高电阻率(RT)为主的测井特征; 长二段则以出现海绵骨架灰岩/云岩和生屑颗粒灰岩/云岩为典型特征,GR曲线表现为低值—极低值; 长三段又恢复为泥晶灰岩和泥质灰岩为主,骨架灰岩/云岩只局部发育,GR曲线表现为低—中值的特征(蔡强等,2024;姚鑫阳等,2024)。然而,也有学者(郭彤楼,2011;胡忠贵等,2014;刘树根等,2016;章学刚等,2022; 王东等,2023)和油田公司采用层序地层学的观点(Wright and Burchette,1996),将长兴组划分为2个三级层序,进而划分为长兴组下段和长兴组上段(表1)。其中下段对应三分方案中的长一段和长二段,而上段对应长三段。本研究统合岩石学特征和层序地层学观点,对长兴组进行地层划分(图2-a)。首先,根据岩石学特点,将台洼区长兴组点礁划分为以泥晶灰岩为主的长一段,以及大量出现海绵骨架灰岩和生屑颗粒灰岩的长二段(图2-a)。在此基础上,结合层序地层学观点,对长二段进一步划分为长二下亚段、长二中亚段和长二上亚段(图2-a)。
为了有效识别长兴组内的层序界面,本研究采用INPEFA对研究区绵阳—广安台洼点礁及其周围5口钻井(图1-c),以及研究区外(包括开江—梁平海槽周缘和遂宁—合川台内滩)3口钻井(图1-b)的GR数据进行处理。INPEFA曲线从左至右表示了一个富泥化的过程,代表相对海平面上升; 而曲线从右至左代表相对海平面下降的过程。INPEFA曲线的转折点能够指示层序界面(Nio et al., 2005)。其中的负拐点对应GR的异常高点,代表了海泛面。正拐点则对应GR异常减小点,对应相对海平面的低位。
为了分析长兴组的岩石学特征,本研究对蓬深10井(36.1 m)和蓬深2井(8 m)的长兴组岩心进行了详细描述,并制备了铸体薄片22张(包括蓬深2井8张,蓬深10井14张; 图2-b)。为了区别方解石和白云石,对铸体薄片进行了部分的茜素红染色。同时,为了确定矿物组成,本研究针对薄片位置的粉末样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)测试。
对于碳酸盐岩的命名,采用矿物组成+结构组分共同命名的方法。首先根据矿物组成,确定出白云岩(白云石≥90%,方解石<10%)、灰质云岩(白云石50%;10%≤方解石<50%)、云质灰岩(10%≤白云石<50%;方解石≥50%)和石灰岩(白云石≤10%; 方解石≥90%)。在此基础上,根据结构组分特征,采用邓哈姆分类方案(Dunham,1962),对碳酸盐岩进行命名。考虑到国内碳酸盐岩研究对邓哈姆命名中的名词有众多不同的译法,结合研究区为含礁地层的特点,采用吴亚生(2023)对宏生物岩的中文命名方案,如骨架灰岩/云岩,生屑颗粒灰岩/云岩、生屑泥粒灰岩/云岩和生屑粒泥灰岩/云岩。由于泥晶灰岩/云岩岩很难界定是否与生物的关系,所以采用描述性的名词即“泥晶灰岩/云岩”的表述。“云质”或者“灰质”放在名称之前,如云质骨架灰岩等。
为了建立对研究区不同碳酸盐岩类型具有识别功能的测井标志,采用数值归纳统计方法(Neinast and Knox,1973;易士威和王权,2005),针对不同岩性进行GR、RT、AC(声波时差)、CNL(补偿中子)和DEN(密度)绘制了测井数值箱型图。数据离散程度大,代表测井数据对岩相的敏感度低,数据有效性低; 而数据离散程度小则代表测井曲线对岩相的敏感度高,数据有效性高。
从岩性上看,发育在川中台洼区点礁的长兴组自下而上可分为: 由泥晶灰岩和泥岩组成的长一段,主要由生屑颗粒灰岩和海绵骨架灰岩组成的长二段。长一段和长二段分界线对应着INPEFA曲线上的最大海泛面(mfs1)。在INPEFA曲线上,川中台洼区长兴组点礁可识别出5个层序界面,自下而上为SB1、SB2、SB3、SB4和SB5(图2-a)。其中,SB1出现在龙潭组内部,是下伏泥晶灰岩和上覆褐黑色泥页岩的分界面。SB5为长兴组的顶界面,其下为长兴组生屑颗粒灰岩,其上为飞仙关组泥质灰岩。SB2、SB3和SB4出现在长兴组内部,均以INPEFA曲线正拐点为识别标志。
以SB1-SB5为界,龙潭组顶部—长兴组自下而上可以分成SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4共4个四级层序。其中,SQ1上部发育的高位体系域(HST)对应长一段下部的泥晶灰岩,而SQ2下部的海侵体系域(TST)对应长一段上部的泥岩。SQ2-HST、SQ3以及SQ4共同组成了长二段,并分别对应了长二下亚段、长二中亚段和长二上亚段。在岩性上,长二下亚段以生屑颗粒灰岩为主,其顶部发育海绵骨架灰岩。长二中亚段主要发育生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑颗粒灰岩为主,其顶部发育海绵骨架云岩(图2-b)。在长二段上亚段,主要岩石类型为生屑颗粒灰岩和海绵骨架灰岩。因此,综合岩石学以及层序地层学观点,将长兴组划分为长一段与长二段,并在长二段内部进行亚段划分的方案更为合理(图2-a)。
虽然前人针对开江—梁平海槽两侧的台缘礁(姚鑫阳等,2024)以及川中的台内滩(王东等,2023)开展了长兴组地层格架的研究,但这些研究大多着眼于某个小区块,无法实现区域性对比。
为了建立适用于全区的地层格架,本研究分别选取了开江—梁平海槽西侧的元坝地区台缘礁(元坝2井)、开江—梁平海槽东侧的川东台缘礁(七里北2井)以及台洼西南侧的遂宁—合川台内滩(磨溪16井)为代表,与研究区内的台洼点礁(蓬深10井)和梓潼—广安台内礁滩(蓬深2井)进行地层对比(图3)。通过对比发现,长兴组的层序地层在绵阳—广安台洼点礁(蓬深10井)发育最全,为实现全区的等时地层格架搭建提供契机。
长一段下部(SQ1-HST)对应相对海平面下降阶段(图3)。在元坝地区(元坝2井)和绵阳—广安台洼区点礁(蓬深10井)以及梓潼—广安台内礁/滩(蓬深2井),该段都较为发育(图3)。这说明元坝地区和台洼区在长一段沉积初期的海退背景下,碳酸盐工厂依然处于启动状态。该层在川东台缘礁(七里北2井)不发育,在遂宁—合川台内滩(磨溪16井)发育较差,说明川中台内滩和川东的台缘礁可能在海退时期发生暴露,导致长一段底部的沉积记录沉积缺失。由此可见,在长兴组沉积初期,相较于遂宁—合川台内位置和开江—梁平海槽东北侧,绵阳—广安台洼区及其周缘以及元坝地区的水体深度可能相对较大。
长一段上部(SQ2-TST)对应于海平面快速上升阶段(图3)。因为广泛的海侵,所以该层在全区都有发育。以泥晶灰岩和泥岩互层为典型特征,其顶界面为最大海泛面(mfs1)。值得注意的是,长一段上部在元坝2井的沉积厚度最大,且以生屑颗粒云岩为主,说明了元坝地区在长一段沉积晚期开始进入了碳酸盐工厂的活跃期。这与前人的研究结果是一致的,即元坝2井从长一段开始进入浅水生屑滩发育阶段(李平平等,2023)。
长二下亚段(SQ2-HST)对应相对海平面下降阶段(图3)。岩性以生屑颗粒灰岩夹生屑泥粒灰岩、生屑粒泥灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主。总体来看,在四川盆地,碳酸盐工厂在长二下亚段沉积时期进入相对活跃的时期。其中,七里北2井的长二下亚段发育厚度最大。这符合前人认为的在长二段开始,开江—梁平海槽东北侧台缘礁滩带进入了发育的繁盛期(姚鑫阳等,2024)。
长二中亚段(SQ3)沉积期伴随着一次小规模的相对海平面波动,即经历了短暂的相对海平面上升之后开始较长时间的相对海平面下降(图3)。在INPEFA曲线上,遂宁—合川台内滩(磨溪16井)、台洼点礁(蓬深10井)和梓潼—广安台内礁/滩(蓬深2井)能看到明显的中亚段和下亚段分界SB3。然而,SB3所对应的INPEFA正拐点在开江—梁平海槽两侧台缘相带的位置都不明显(七里北2井和元坝2井)。
这种差异性表明海槽两侧的台缘带礁/滩相的沉积速率比台洼点礁以及台内礁/滩大。相应的,在沉积上,表现为台内礁/滩和台洼点礁/滩具有多期叠加的特点(王东等,2023),而海槽两侧的台缘礁/滩相则呈现纵向上的连续性(宋昊等,2022)。
长二上亚段(SQ4)形成于整体海平面处在长兴组沉积时期的相对较低的位置(图3),在全区域沉积厚度都相对较薄。台缘礁和台内礁/滩的位置,对SQ4的海平面波动记录较差,这可能与相对海平面下降造成的暴露有关(Liang et al., 2020)。相反的,长二上亚段沉积期发生的小规模海平面波动可以被台洼内点礁和台洼周缘的礁记录下来。
从INPEFA曲线可以看出,长一段沉积期相对海平面比长二段沉积期略高,且长一段沉积期碳酸盐工厂生产效率远低于长二段沉积期。这符合前人关于长兴组碳酸盐岩台地类型的研究结果,即长一段沉积形成缓坡台地,而长二段沉积时期,逐渐形成了镶边台地(胡忠贵等,2014;秦鹏等,2018)。因此,对碳酸盐岩沉积相的厘定需要分成2种台地类型,即缓坡型和镶边台地型。
这种台地类型主要发育在长一段沉积期,对应于上扬子克拉通盆地初始裂解时期,台洼尚未形成。在研究区,可以识别出正常浪基面以上的内缓坡和风暴浪基面以下的外缓坡2种沉积相类型。其中,内缓坡以泥晶灰岩为主,局部夹着少量生屑粒泥灰/云岩。在测井曲线上表现为GR、CNL和AC较低,而RT和DEN较高的特征(图4)。外缓坡以泥晶灰岩与泥页岩互层为主。在测井曲线上表现为GR、CNL和AC较高,而RT和DEN较低的特征(图4)。
长二段下亚段沉积期,缓坡型台地逐渐发育成镶边型台地。在镶边型台地内,发育了水深较大的台洼相,以及浅水环境下的台地边缘相(简称台缘相)和开阔台地相(胡忠贵等,2014;黎荣等,2016)。其中,台洼相内又进一步识别出生屑滩(以下称“台洼滩”)、生物礁(以下称“台洼礁”)、礁/滩间(以下称“台洼滩间”)和台洼海(即洼地)4种亚相,而台缘相和开阔台地可以各自进一步分为生屑滩(以下分别称“台缘滩”和“台内滩”)、生物礁(以下分别称“台缘礁”和“台内礁”)、礁/滩间(以下分别称“台缘滩间”和“台内滩间”)3种亚相(图4)。
造礁生物均为海绵。在矿物组成上,方解石含量为53.2%~93.9%,白云石含量为6.1%~46.8%(图2-b)。岩性以海绵骨架灰岩以及云质海绵骨架灰岩为主(图5-a,5-b;图6-a,6-b)。通过常规测井数值箱型图(图4)可以看出,GR和CNL测井数据对海绵骨架灰岩以及云质海绵骨架灰岩的响应效果最好,具有高GR值(34.0~37.3 API;中位数35.8 API)和高CNL值(19.0%~22.0%;中位数20.4%)的特征(图4)。
前人通过对露头的研究发现,虽然台内礁和台缘礁虽然都是以海绵为主要的造礁生物,但是两者在云化程度上明显不同。通常台缘礁云化严重而台内礁和滩云化程度低(吴亚生等,2006,2015;Liang et al., 2020)。因此,在岩石学特征上,台洼内发育的点礁云化程度低更加符合台内点礁的特点。然而,在测井特征上,发育在不同相带的海绵骨架灰岩显示出较大的差异。相较于台内礁,台洼礁的长兴组海绵骨架灰岩具有GR值更低、CNL更高的测井特征(图4)。而与台缘礁的长兴组海绵骨架云岩相比,台洼内发育的海绵骨架灰岩GR值和CNL值均明显更高(图4)。
该亚相主要以生屑颗粒灰岩为主,可夹少量(云质)生屑泥粒灰岩(图5-d,5-e;图6-d,6-e)。主要矿物为方解石和白云石,其中方解石含量为46.2%~95.5%,而白云石为4.5%~53.8%(图2-b)。在长二中亚段,云化最为严重,白云石含量可以达到53.8%。生屑类型在长二中亚段主要为Deekerella、Endothyrid有孔虫、棘皮类和苔藓虫为主(图6-c),而在长二上亚段生屑以Parafusulina schucherti有孔虫为主,含少量棘皮类(图6-d)。根据生屑组合,研究区内的长二上亚段可以与老龙洞二叠系—三叠系界限(PTB)剖面(第2层),以及贵州紫云的石头寨PTB剖面(第1层)长兴组顶部的生屑颗粒灰岩进行地层对比(吴亚生等,2006;Liang et al., 2020)。
通过常规测井曲线数值范围(图4)可以看出,CNL和GR测井数据对识别台洼滩的生屑颗粒灰岩具有一定优势,表现出低GR(29.3~34.6 API;中位数31.2 API)和较低CNL(13.3%~18.0%;中位数15.2%)的特征(图4)。与台洼滩相比,台内滩和台缘滩的生屑颗粒灰岩GR值和CNL值都相对低(图4)。
以生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩为主,夹泥晶灰岩(图5-c,5-f;图6-c,6-f)。在矿物组成上,方解石含量为76.0%~94.9%,白云石含量较低,为5.1%~24.0%(图2-b)。通过常规曲线数值范围(图4)可以看出,综合应用RT、GR、CNL和DEN曲线对于识别台洼滩间生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩最为有效,表现为低RT(33.1~37.3 Ω·m;中位数为35.8 Ω·m)、低GR(26.0~29.5 API;中位数27.2 API)、低CNL(9.9%~11.3%;中位数10.5%)和低DEN(2.55~2.57 g/cm3;中位数2.56 g/cm3)的测井特征(图4)。虽然台洼滩间和台内滩间相的生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩在GR上的区别不大,但前者相对于后者表现出RT更低、CNL更高和DEN相对低的特点(图4)。相较于台缘滩间,台洼滩间内的生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩具有RT更低,GR更低,CNL更高和DEN相对低的特点(图4)。
区别于台洼滩间,台洼海以泥质灰岩夹泥页岩为主,主要出现在长二下亚段(图7)。在台洼内,该台洼海与台洼滩间在平面上相邻。在测井方面,该亚相中的泥质灰岩表现为GR高值,齿化严重。同时,其AC、CNL以及DEN都相对较高(图4),指示泥质含量较高。
在层序格架内,对研究区南西—北东走向的蓬深10井—蓬深7井—蓬阳1井—蓬阳3井—蓬深2井剖面进行沉积相分析发现,绵阳—广安台洼长兴组厚度变化较大(图7)。其中,在台洼内发育的礁滩复合体,沉积厚度较厚,可达250 m。相反的,在台洼滩间沉积厚度相对较薄,仅为80 m。
在长一段初始沉积的时候(SQ1-HST),研究区与其周围的梓潼—广安地区(蓬深2井)在岩性和沉积厚度上具有一致性,说明绵阳—广安台洼在这个时期并未形成。因此,该时期研究区总体继承了下伏龙潭组的沉积地貌,形成了缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地。根据研究区在该沉积期间以泥晶灰岩和生屑粒泥灰岩为主,可以判断该沉积环境是位于平均浪基面之上的内缓坡。结合从七里北2井到磨溪16井—蓬深10—蓬深2井,再到元坝2井,长一段底部沉积厚度逐渐变大的特征(图3),该缓坡向西北方向水体加深。根据元坝2井长一段底部达到最厚,且在长一段沉积初期就有滩的发育(图3),元坝地区附近可能接近当时缓坡台地上的平均浪基面,形成了生屑滩。
在长一段沉积的晚期(SQ2-TST),绵阳—广安台洼及其周缘的梓潼—广安地区和遂宁—合川地区沉积厚度差异均不大(图3;图7),说明台洼在该时期仍未形成。研究区内,长兴组沉积呈现出泥晶灰岩与泥岩和页岩互层的特征,说明碳酸盐工厂间歇性关闭。结合该沉积期区域内相对海平面上升的特点,研究区总体处于风暴浪基面以下的深水环境。
到了长二下亚段沉积期(SQ2-HST),开江—梁平海槽两侧(元坝2井和七里北2井)都大规模发育生物礁和生屑滩(图3),说明镶边台地开始建造。此时,研究区内也出现了岩性和沉积厚度上的差异(图7),说明台洼在该时期开始发育。相应的绵阳—广安台洼内第1期礁滩复合体开始发育。同时,伴随着台洼的产生,在台洼周缘形成了相对隆升的构造单元,即遂宁—合川高带和梓潼—广安高带。在这些构造高部位,礁和滩开始在长二段沉积期形成,整体厚度较厚(图8-a;图9)。其中,梓潼—广安地区形成的构造高带,由于远离古陆且更容易接受来自深水区域的营养补给(李秋芬等,2015),更容易发育生物礁。相反的,由于遂宁—合川地区的构造高带,更靠近古陆,且远离广海,所以更容易形成颗粒滩(李秋芬等,2015)。
长二段中亚段沉积的时期(SQ3),伴随着相对海平面小幅度上升,在开阔台地内部和台洼内具有正地貌的位置,开始发育第2期海绵礁(图7)。紧接着,相对海平面的下降,礁停止发育,并被第2期生屑滩覆盖(图8-b)。在台地边缘,礁滩体连续沉积,形成了礁—滩的叠置规律(姚鑫阳等,2024)。
到了长二段上亚段沉积期(SQ4),伴随着相对海平面小幅度上升,在绵阳—广安台洼和梓潼—广安台内的地貌高带发育了第3期海绵礁(图7)。随后,伴随着相对海平面下降,礁被第3期生屑滩覆盖(图8-c)。而在台地边缘,由于相对海平面变化较小,未对边缘礁滩体连续沉积产生影响(图9)。值得注意的是,在台缘和台内,长二上亚段发育的礁滩复合体顶部均可被厚度不等(0.05~15 m)的微生物岩覆盖(吴亚生等,2006,2015;Kershaw et al., 2012)。而在台洼内,由于研究区内尚未获得关于长兴组顶部—飞仙关组底部的岩心和露头数据,其中微生物岩发育情况仍需进一步讨论。
总之,台洼礁以及环台洼的台内礁同时形成,都形成于长二段沉积初期。这些相带与台洼的形成时间上的一致性说明,与台洼形成相关的张应力所造成的构造高带,可能是台洼礁和环台洼的台内礁形成的主控因素。在台洼和环台洼的台内地貌高带,长二段下中上亚段都有礁滩亚相的发育,形成了相似的滩—礁—滩间的叠置规律(图7)。相对于台缘礁,台洼礁和台内礁在横向和纵向上的规模都相对较小(图9),且云化程度都较低,显示出岩石类型上的强非均质性。同时,相对于台缘的礁滩复合体,台洼及台洼周缘的台内礁滩复合体,展示出完整的沉积序列,为全区的地层格架对比提供了参照对象。
本研究以发育在上扬子克拉通盆地晚二叠世台洼内的含礁地层为研究对象,通过薄片鉴定和测井数据分析,结合INPEFA技术,进行了地层格架搭建以及沉积特征的研究,得到了以下结论:
1)根据岩性特征,长兴组可以划分为长一段和长二段。根据INPEFA,长二段可以进一步划分为长二下亚段、长二中亚段和长二上亚段。这种分类方案具有全区可对比性。
2)四川盆地在长二段沉积期进入镶边台地沉积体系,其内部的台洼、开阔台地和台地边缘礁/滩开始发育。在台洼内,可以识别出台洼滩、台洼礁、台洼滩间以及台洼海4种亚相。
3)台洼滩以生屑颗粒灰岩为主,GR和CNL测井识别效果最佳,发育在长二段的HST。台洼礁以骨架灰岩和云质骨架灰岩为主,GR和CNL测井识别效果最佳,主要发育在长二上亚段(SQ4-TST)和长二中亚段(SQ3-TST)。台洼滩间以生屑粒泥灰岩和生屑泥粒灰岩为主,可以通过RT、GR、CNL和DEN测井识别该亚相,发育台洼礁/滩附近。台洼海以泥质灰岩和泥页岩为主,测井曲线齿化严重,发育在远离礁/滩的位置。
4)台洼礁滩复合体形成在构造高部位,对海平面变化相对敏感。其发育规律与台缘礁滩体明显不同,但与台内礁/滩具有可比性。
  • *国家自然科学基金青年项目(41602108)
  • 中国石油西南油气田分公司科技专项(JS2023-096)
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2026年第28卷第3期
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doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.047
  • 接收时间:2025-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-24
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06
  • 修回日期:2025-07-28
基金
Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41602108)
*国家自然科学基金青年项目(41602108)
PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Project(JS2023-096)
中国石油西南油气田分公司科技专项(JS2023-096)
作者信息
    1 中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610051
    2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249
    3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
    4 中国石油大学(北京)碳酸盐岩研究中心, 北京 102249

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梁婷,女,1983年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为碳酸盐岩沉积学与沉积地球化学。E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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