Article(id=1309196821776396373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309196716851687705, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7605/gdlxb.2026.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1759161600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-30, revisedDate=1762099200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790066446011, onlineDateStr=2026-09-22, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790066446011, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790066446011, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790066446011, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309196716851687705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, year='2026', volume='28', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='428', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790066420995, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790156970446, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309576508830740850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309196716851687705, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309576508830740851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, issueId=1309196716851687705, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=333, endPage=352, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309196823445729366, articleId=1309196821776396373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=EN, title=Study on distribution of tight gas reservoirs in shallow-water delta fronts based on well-seismic intelligent prediction: a case study of the Permian Shanxi Formation in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, columnId=1309196792512733955, journalTitle=Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), columnName=NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW METHODS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Permian Shanxi Formation in the Yan’an Gas Field of the Ordos Basin contains tight sandstone gas reservoirs within a shallow delta front. However,predicting sandbody distribution is challenging due to strong reservoir heterogeneity,large well spacing,and the signal-attenuating effects of the Quaternary loess plateau. As a result,the distribution patterns of effective gas-bearing reservoirs remain poorly understood. Using the S23 submember of the Shanxi Formation in the Gaojiahe area of the central Yan’an Gas Field as a case study,this research proposes an intelligent sandbody prediction method based on an adaptive weighting strategy. This approach integrates the relationship between amplitude-frequency characteristics and tuned thickness into an attention mechanism,establishing an adaptive weighting framework for multi-band seismic attributes. The weighting strategy prioritizes high-frequency attributes for identifying thin layers and low-frequency attributes for thick layers,effectively addressing sandbody prediction challenges in the presence of low-quality seismic data. Compared with existing methods,the proposed approach yields the most accurate sandbody thickness predictions across various ratios of learning wells to blind wells. For example,in a test involving 45 learning wells and 63 blind wells,the correlation coefficient(R) between predicted and actual sandbody thickness reached 0.85. Prediction results indicate that the S23 submember in the Gaojiahe area develops wide,banded sand bodies deposited in a shallow-water delta-front environment. Thick,coarse-grained sediments in the main distributary channels,along with the main body and inner edge of the mouth bar,are confined within the palaeo-geomorphological low of the main valley. Due to wave scouring,these intervals exhibit high quartz content and represent the principal effective gas reservoirs.

, authors=Xiangzeng WANG1, Xiangyang QIAO1, Cuiping XIN1, Zhenhua XU2, 3, Hongli WU2, 3, Kexin LI2, 3, Jianfeng SUN1, Jiaxuan SONG1, authorsList=Xiangzeng WANG, Xiangyang QIAO, Cuiping XIN, Zhenhua XU, Hongli WU, Kexin LI, Jianfeng SUN, Jiaxuan SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenhua XU, authorNote=

WANG Xiangzeng,born in 1968,holds a doctoral degree and the title of professor-level senior engineer,academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields. E-mail: .

, correspAuthorsNote=
XU Zhenhua,born in 1992,holds a doctoral degree and the titles of associate professor and master’s supervisor. He is mainly engaged in research on oil and gas field development geology. E-mail: .
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309196828512448633, articleId=1309196821776396373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, language=CN, title=基于井震智能预测的浅水三角洲前缘致密气储集层分布规律研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组为例*, columnId=1309196792688894725, journalTitle=古地理学报, columnName=新技术与新方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田二叠系山西组发育浅水三角洲前缘致密砂岩气储集层,然而,由于储集层非均质性强、井距大以及第四系黄土塬的影响,导致砂体分布预测难度大,有效含气储集层分布规律尚不明确。本研究以延安气田中部高家河地区山西组23亚段为例,提出了一套基于自适应权重策略的井震砂体智能预测方法,即将振幅—频率与调谐厚度的关系引入注意力机制,构建了多频段地震多属性的自适应权重分配机制,达到高频属性聚焦薄层、低频属性聚焦厚层的智能权重分配策略,以解决低品质地震资料条件下砂体预测难题。与其他已有方法相比,考虑不同学习井—盲井比例,本次方法的砂体厚度分布预测效果均最好,其中,学习井45口、盲井63口情况下,盲井的预测与实际砂厚的相关系数(R)达0.85。砂体预测结果表明,高家河地区山23亚段发育宽条带状海相浅水三角洲前缘砂体,厚层、粗粒的主分流河道、河口坝主体与内缘受限于主沟谷古地貌内,受海浪淘洗作用,石英含量高,为主要的有效含气储集层。

, authors=王香增1, 乔向阳1, 辛翠平1, 徐振华2, 3, 吴红丽2, 3, 李可心2, 3, 孙建峰1, 宋珈萱1, authorsList=王香增, 乔向阳, 辛翠平, 徐振华, 吴红丽, 李可心, 孙建峰, 宋珈萱, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐振华, authorNote=

王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐振华,男,1992年生,博士、副教授、硕士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质研究。E-mail: 。
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WANG Xiangzeng,born in 1968,holds a doctoral degree and the title of professor-level senior engineer,academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields. E-mail: .

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WANG Xiangzeng,born in 1968,holds a doctoral degree and the title of professor-level senior engineer,academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields. E-mail: .

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王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

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王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

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Provenance system and sedimentary evolution model of the second Member of Lower Permian Shanxi Fm in the southeastern Ordos Basin. 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Semi-quantitative prediction of reservoir thickness by 2D seismic multi-attributes: taking Shan-2 reservoir in the southeast of Ordos Basin as an example. 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Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,227: 105098., articleTitle=Evaluation of gas-rich “sweet-spot”and controlling factors of gas-water distribution in tight sandstone gas provinces: an example from the Permian He8 Member in Sulige Gas Province,central Ordos Basin,Northern China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196850700316967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=231, issue=null, pageStart=212331, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Xie P F, Hou J G, Duan D P, journalName=Geoenergy Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie P F, Hou J G, Duan D P. 2023. A novel genetic inversion workflow based on spectral decomposition and convolutional neural networks for sand prediction in Xihu sag of East China Sea. Geoenergy Science and Engineering,231: 212331., articleTitle=A novel genetic inversion workflow based on spectral decomposition and convolutional neural networks for sand prediction in Xihu sag of East China Sea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196850771620136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1873, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Xin C P, Zhou W, Zhang L, Qiao X Y, Wang Y K, Xiao Y, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xin C P, Zhou W, Zhang L, Qiao X Y, Wang Y K, Xiao Y. 2024. Calculation model of drainage radius of single-layer/multi-layer commingled gas production wells in a closed constant-volume gas reservoir and its application. Applied Sciences,14: 1873., articleTitle=Calculation model of drainage radius of single-layer/multi-layer commingled gas production wells in a closed constant-volume gas reservoir and its application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196850855506217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=25, issue=4-5, pageStart=387, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Yang H, Fu J H, Wei X S, Liu X S, journalName=Marine and Petroleum Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang H, Fu J H, Wei X S, Liu X S. 2008. Sulige Field in the Ordos Basin: geological setting,field discovery and tight gas reservoirs. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25(4-5): 387-400., articleTitle=Sulige Field in the Ordos Basin: geological setting,field discovery and tight gas reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196850931003690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=70, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Zeng H L, Backus M M, journalName=Geophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng H L, Backus M M. 2005. Interpretive advantages of 90°-phase wavelets: Part 1: Modeling. Geophysics, 70(3): C7-C15., articleTitle=Interpretive advantages of 90°-phase wavelets: Part 1: Modeling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196851002306859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=74, issue=null, pageStart=76, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Zhao J Z, Zhang W Z, Li J, Cao Q, Fan Y F, journalName=Organic Geochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao J Z, Zhang W Z, Li J, Cao Q, Fan Y F. 2014. Genesis of tight sand gas in the Ordos Basin,China. Organic Geochemistry, 74: 76-84., articleTitle=Genesis of tight sand gas in the Ordos Basin,China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196851073610028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=242, issue=null, pageStart=213241, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=68, authorNames=Zhen Y, Zhang A, Zhao X M, Ge J W, Zhao Z, Yang C C, journalName=Geoenergy Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhen Y, Zhang A, Zhao X M, Ge J W, Zhao Z, Yang C C. 2024. Prediction of deep low permeability sandstone seismic reservoir based on CBAM-CNN. Geoenergy Science and Engineering,242: 213241., articleTitle=Prediction of deep low permeability sandstone seismic reservoir based on CBAM-CNN, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1309196851153301805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=25, issue=8, pageStart=731, pageEnd=743, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Zhu H T, Chen K Y, Liu K Y, He S, journalName=Marine and Petroleum Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu H T, Chen K Y, Liu K Y, He S. 2008. A sequence stratigraphic model for reservoir sand-body distribution in the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in the Ordos Basin,northern China. 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a—鄂尔多斯盆地区域构造与主要气田分布位置图(据王香增等,2018);b—延安气田主要含气层段的岩性柱状图(据于兴河等,2017);c—延安气田高家河区块平面位置图; d—基于探井数据的延安气田北部山2段砂体厚度平面分布图(据单新,2016)

, figureFileSmall=HkatTBZmehdgtoCLcMAd4g==, figureFileBig=U5rZKUbIoe+ibO5x005GbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834074095806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Well locations,seismic profiles,and seismic frequency maps in the Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=JWNL8tpkhrCR4UqMXshzuQ==, figureFileBig=VdwI2m45He3uPMoDS5rJKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834128621759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田井位、地震剖面和地震频率图

a—井位分布图; b—切物源方向地震剖面图; c—山西组的地震频率与振幅相关性图; d—山23亚段砂体厚度统计直方图

, figureFileSmall=JWNL8tpkhrCR4UqMXshzuQ==, figureFileBig=VdwI2m45He3uPMoDS5rJKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834187342016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Typical core photos of the S23 submember in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=DpqyWZ0o6yQWwKr0Ydi/BQ==, figureFileBig=IHPetn2/OxUPT4b0Iqprmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834246062273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段典型岩心照片

a—板状交错层理中—粗砂岩,B2820井,2870.1 m;b—底部冲刷面,B2820井,2870.0 m;c—槽状交错层理中—粗砂岩,A2890井,2542.1 m;d—反韵律中—粗砂岩,B283井,2650.2 m;e—斜层理中—细砂岩,B2820井,2873.0 m

, figureFileSmall=DpqyWZ0o6yQWwKr0Ydi/BQ==, figureFileBig=IHPetn2/OxUPT4b0Iqprmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834317365442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Workflow of sand body prediction method based on the adaptive weight strategy, figureFileSmall=Vd1PujIggGx2nVssvs5ESg==, figureFileBig=2aqxZiGoHd/2QjLUIejO8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834376085699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=基于自适应权重策略的砂体预测方法工作流程, figureFileSmall=Vd1PujIggGx2nVssvs5ESg==, figureFileBig=2aqxZiGoHd/2QjLUIejO8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834434805956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Normalized amplitude seismic at different fractional frequencies in the S23 submember of Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=eRbsE7OyOiqGAFRKLQpssw==, figureFileBig=zMdNCZuSIFy3nsbGGmLkSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834501914821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段不同分频地震频率的归一化振幅

a—低频(20 Hz);b—中频(40 Hz);c—高频(55 Hz);d—低、中、高频叠合

, figureFileSmall=eRbsE7OyOiqGAFRKLQpssw==, figureFileBig=zMdNCZuSIFy3nsbGGmLkSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834564829382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Planar distribution of nine seismic attributes extracted based on preferred attributes and frequency bands for the S23 submember in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=0Bi8WoGRzHNIIC+hhsOGdQ==, figureFileBig=CZQJVY55mwd2ubC9ulUauw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834640326855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段基于优选属性与优选频段提取的9个地震属性平面分布

a—20 Hz总振幅; b—40 Hz总振幅; c—55 Hz总振幅; d—20 Hz半能量; e—40 Hz半能量; f—55 Hz半能量; g—20 Hz平均负振幅; h—40 Hz平均负振幅; i—55 Hz平均负振幅

, figureFileSmall=0Bi8WoGRzHNIIC+hhsOGdQ==, figureFileBig=CZQJVY55mwd2ubC9ulUauw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834703241416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Loss function diagram of the machine learning model based on adaptive weight strategy, figureFileSmall=ikhpMwsSDI8XrrNdNsaP+g==, figureFileBig=yWRaSsxX+REP3afeuTWr/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834770350281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=基于自适应权重策略的机器学习模型的损失函数图, figureFileSmall=ikhpMwsSDI8XrrNdNsaP+g==, figureFileBig=yWRaSsxX+REP3afeuTWr/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834829070538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of fused seismic attributes and predicted sand body thickness for the S23 submember of Shanxi Formation in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=oPQIj0JM/nP5yW6dFBenbg==, figureFileBig=n2w9dJL5EQYQeQy7Jcm/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834917150923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组23亚段的融合地震属性与预测砂体厚度对比, figureFileSmall=oPQIj0JM/nP5yW6dFBenbg==, figureFileBig=n2w9dJL5EQYQeQy7Jcm/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196834984259788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Correlation diagram of actual sand body thickness,fusion attributes and predicted sand body thickness based on blind well test set in the Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=P3dnYNi6uODGyc7ntiBESA==, figureFileBig=QHHf75EAmyA5xK9OCJCe0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196835055562957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田基于盲井测试集实际砂体厚度与井旁道融合属性和最终预测砂体厚度的相关性交会图

a—实际砂体厚度与井旁道融合属性交会图; b—实际砂体厚度与预测砂体厚度交会图

, figureFileSmall=P3dnYNi6uODGyc7ntiBESA==, figureFileBig=QHHf75EAmyA5xK9OCJCe0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196835315609806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Well logging interpretation template for different sedimentary microfacies in the S23 submember in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=mwO7reC7NyHtaIx6kLsT5g==, figureFileBig=gNyTeRCBmgbFCLbiXBWw8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837022691535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段不同沉积微相的测井解释模板

a—分流河道(y161井); b—河口坝(y217井)

, figureFileSmall=mwO7reC7NyHtaIx6kLsT5g==, figureFileBig=gNyTeRCBmgbFCLbiXBWw8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837429539024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Sedimentary microfacies and effective sand body thickness planar graph of the S23 submember of Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=v2VRw3Rp+oPwKP3r1fd1Rw==, figureFileBig=tsqWv1+mH6bqR4w0ro7lbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837517619409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段沉积微相及有效砂体厚度平面图

a—沉积微相平面图; b—有效砂体厚度平面分布图

, figureFileSmall=v2VRw3Rp+oPwKP3r1fd1Rw==, figureFileBig=tsqWv1+mH6bqR4w0ro7lbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837576339666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Photographs of typical sandstone thin sections identified in the S23 submember of Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=QOg8q44Cqa10wRza8bo/Rw==, figureFileBig=Qi8O/FzIzJZ0uQUhGaXvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837840580819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山23亚段典型砂岩薄片鉴定照片

a—中—粗粒石英砂岩发育残余粒间孔及条带状喉道,A2750井,2469.56 m;b—中—细粒岩屑石英砂岩,A2750井,2283.77 m;c—中—细粒岩屑砂岩,A2750井,2287.56 m;d—粗粒石英砂岩发育粒内溶孔和窄条状喉道,B50-47井,3088.00 m

, figureFileSmall=QOg8q44Cqa10wRza8bo/Rw==, figureFileBig=Qi8O/FzIzJZ0uQUhGaXvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837924466900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Planar graph of fused seismic attributes considering different training-test set ratios, figureFileSmall=mVIpDiTQykpztHIsVKbkPw==, figureFileBig=5jrEHtiSJfoWIP1R+qMylQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196837999964373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 13, caption=考虑不同训练—测试集比例的融合地震属性平面图

a—训练—测试集比例为13︰95;b—训练—测试集比例为30︰78;c—训练—测试集比例为80︰28

, figureFileSmall=mVIpDiTQykpztHIsVKbkPw==, figureFileBig=5jrEHtiSJfoWIP1R+qMylQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838067073238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Comparison chart of the correlation coefficient R for sand body prediction based on four training-test set ratios and five intelligent fusion methods, figureFileSmall=56nRW8hU94A4XAQ8YKRUDQ==, figureFileBig=YdCMTkGql1r/A0Zwg1AsPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838138376407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 14, caption=基于4种训练—测试集比例与5种智能融合方法的砂体预测相关系数R对比图, figureFileSmall=56nRW8hU94A4XAQ8YKRUDQ==, figureFileBig=YdCMTkGql1r/A0Zwg1AsPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838268399832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=MAE and RMSE of different models on the training and test sets, figureFileSmall=gVCvQXnQ+AEbjqNktzRmIA==, figureFileBig=jRlpuw2FcMCuRouHO/JhfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838364868825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 15, caption=不同模型在训练集和测试集上的MAE和RMSE, figureFileSmall=gVCvQXnQ+AEbjqNktzRmIA==, figureFileBig=jRlpuw2FcMCuRouHO/JhfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838436171994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Isopach map of the Taiyuan Formation in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin and superimposed map of sand body and effective sand body distribution with palaeogeography of the Taiyuan Formation and the S23 submember, figureFileSmall=KPJD3aRn7l8w9dDTxNmadQ==, figureFileBig=F+iVtbvgkTRYW1MT3eWWKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838494892251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 16, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田太原组等厚图及太原组与山23亚段砂体、有效砂体分布与古地貌叠合图

a—太原组等厚图; b—太原组厚度与山23亚段砂体叠合图; c—太原组厚度与山23亚段有效砂体叠合图

, figureFileSmall=KPJD3aRn7l8w9dDTxNmadQ==, figureFileBig=F+iVtbvgkTRYW1MT3eWWKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838671053020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Scatter plot of the Taiyuan Formation thickness vs. the effective sand body thickness of the S23 submember in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=ZBVYkbXJp3Ve6g16Xrjyww==, figureFileBig=WkVr/+2SQn3WzmciGIqx8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838729773277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=图 17, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田太原组地层厚度与山23亚段有效砂体厚度散点图, figureFileSmall=ZBVYkbXJp3Ve6g16Xrjyww==, figureFileBig=WkVr/+2SQn3WzmciGIqx8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309196838801076446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation between different single seismic attributes and sand body thickness

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震属性 原始地震属性与砂厚相关系数(R)
平均负振幅 0.35
平均正振幅 0.02
中值振幅 0.01
平均绝对振幅 0.24
最大绝对振幅 0.14
总负振幅 0.20
总正振幅 0.01
总振幅 0.20
总绝对振幅 0.14
均方根振幅 0.13
平均能量 0.10
总能量 0.05
总绝对能量 0.10
半能量 0.36
平均瞬时频率 0.18
平均瞬时相位 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1309196839098872031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=

不同单一地震属性与砂体厚度之间的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震属性 原始地震属性与砂厚相关系数(R)
平均负振幅 0.35
平均正振幅 0.02
中值振幅 0.01
平均绝对振幅 0.24
最大绝对振幅 0.14
总负振幅 0.20
总正振幅 0.01
总振幅 0.20
总绝对振幅 0.14
均方根振幅 0.13
平均能量 0.10
总能量 0.05
总绝对能量 0.10
半能量 0.36
平均瞬时频率 0.18
平均瞬时相位 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1309196839216312544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Frequency and tuning thickness of different frequency-fractionated seismic bodies in the Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分频主频/Hz 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
实际主频/Hz 23 26.5 30.5 34.5 39 42.5 44.5 46.5 46.5
调谐厚度/m 32.6 25.9 21.6 18.6 16.2 14.3 13.1 11.8 10.8
), ArticleFig(id=1309196839275032801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397449582313577, articleId=1309196821776396373, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田不同分频地震体的频率和调谐厚度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分频主频/Hz 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
实际主频/Hz 23 26.5 30.5 34.5 39 42.5 44.5 46.5 46.5
调谐厚度/m 32.6 25.9 21.6 18.6 16.2 14.3 13.1 11.8 10.8
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基于井震智能预测的浅水三角洲前缘致密气储集层分布规律研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组为例*
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王香增 1 , 乔向阳 1 , 辛翠平 1 , 徐振华 2, 3 , 吴红丽 2, 3 , 李可心 2, 3 , 孙建峰 1 , 宋珈萱 1
古地理学报 | 新技术与新方法 2026,28(1): 333-352
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古地理学报 |新技术与新方法 2026 , 28 (1) : 333 -352
基于井震智能预测的浅水三角洲前缘致密气储集层分布规律研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组为例*
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WANG Xiangzeng,born in 1968,holds a doctoral degree and the title of professor-level senior engineer,academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields. E-mail: .

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王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

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王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

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王香增1 , 乔向阳1, 辛翠平1, 徐振华2, 3 , 吴红丽2, 3, 李可心2, 3, 孙建峰1, 宋珈萱1
作者信息
  • 1 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司,陕西西安 710065
  • 2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
  • 3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
通讯作者:
徐振华,男,1992年生,博士、副教授、硕士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质研究。E-mail: 。
作者简介:

王香增,男,1968年生,博士、教授级高级工程师,中国工程院院士, 主要从事低渗油气田勘探开发研究。E-mail: 。

Study on distribution of tight gas reservoirs in shallow-water delta fronts based on well-seismic intelligent prediction: a case study of the Permian Shanxi Formation in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin
Xiangzeng WANG1 , Xiangyang QIAO1, Cuiping XIN1, Zhenhua XU2, 3 , Hongli WU2, 3, Kexin LI2, 3, Jianfeng SUN1, Jiaxuan SONG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710065,China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • 3 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • Corresponding Author:
    XU Zhenhua,born in 1992,holds a doctoral degree and the titles of associate professor and master’s supervisor. He is mainly engaged in research on oil and gas field development geology. E-mail: .

    WANG Xiangzeng,born in 1968,holds a doctoral degree and the title of professor-level senior engineer,academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields. E-mail: .

出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.008
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鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田二叠系山西组发育浅水三角洲前缘致密砂岩气储集层,然而,由于储集层非均质性强、井距大以及第四系黄土塬的影响,导致砂体分布预测难度大,有效含气储集层分布规律尚不明确。本研究以延安气田中部高家河地区山西组23亚段为例,提出了一套基于自适应权重策略的井震砂体智能预测方法,即将振幅—频率与调谐厚度的关系引入注意力机制,构建了多频段地震多属性的自适应权重分配机制,达到高频属性聚焦薄层、低频属性聚焦厚层的智能权重分配策略,以解决低品质地震资料条件下砂体预测难题。与其他已有方法相比,考虑不同学习井—盲井比例,本次方法的砂体厚度分布预测效果均最好,其中,学习井45口、盲井63口情况下,盲井的预测与实际砂厚的相关系数(R)达0.85。砂体预测结果表明,高家河地区山23亚段发育宽条带状海相浅水三角洲前缘砂体,厚层、粗粒的主分流河道、河口坝主体与内缘受限于主沟谷古地貌内,受海浪淘洗作用,石英含量高,为主要的有效含气储集层。

浅水三角洲前缘  /  有效储集层  /  智能属性融合  /  古沟谷地貌  /  延安气田  /  山西组  /  鄂尔多斯盆地

The Permian Shanxi Formation in the Yan’an Gas Field of the Ordos Basin contains tight sandstone gas reservoirs within a shallow delta front. However,predicting sandbody distribution is challenging due to strong reservoir heterogeneity,large well spacing,and the signal-attenuating effects of the Quaternary loess plateau. As a result,the distribution patterns of effective gas-bearing reservoirs remain poorly understood. Using the S23 submember of the Shanxi Formation in the Gaojiahe area of the central Yan’an Gas Field as a case study,this research proposes an intelligent sandbody prediction method based on an adaptive weighting strategy. This approach integrates the relationship between amplitude-frequency characteristics and tuned thickness into an attention mechanism,establishing an adaptive weighting framework for multi-band seismic attributes. The weighting strategy prioritizes high-frequency attributes for identifying thin layers and low-frequency attributes for thick layers,effectively addressing sandbody prediction challenges in the presence of low-quality seismic data. Compared with existing methods,the proposed approach yields the most accurate sandbody thickness predictions across various ratios of learning wells to blind wells. For example,in a test involving 45 learning wells and 63 blind wells,the correlation coefficient(R) between predicted and actual sandbody thickness reached 0.85. Prediction results indicate that the S23 submember in the Gaojiahe area develops wide,banded sand bodies deposited in a shallow-water delta-front environment. Thick,coarse-grained sediments in the main distributary channels,along with the main body and inner edge of the mouth bar,are confined within the palaeo-geomorphological low of the main valley. Due to wave scouring,these intervals exhibit high quartz content and represent the principal effective gas reservoirs.

shallow-water delta front  /  effective reservoir  /  intelligent attribute fusion  /  valley palaeogeomorphology  /  Yan’an Gas Field  /  Shanxi Formation  /  Ordos Basin
王香增, 乔向阳, 辛翠平, 徐振华, 吴红丽, 李可心, 孙建峰, 宋珈萱. 基于井震智能预测的浅水三角洲前缘致密气储集层分布规律研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组为例*. 古地理学报, 2026 , 28 (1) : 333 -352 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.008
Xiangzeng WANG, Xiangyang QIAO, Cuiping XIN, Zhenhua XU, Hongli WU, Kexin LI, Jianfeng SUN, Jiaxuan SONG. Study on distribution of tight gas reservoirs in shallow-water delta fronts based on well-seismic intelligent prediction: a case study of the Permian Shanxi Formation in Yan’an Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2026 , 28 (1) : 333 -352 . DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.008
致密气作为一种非常规天然气,赋存于低孔隙度(<10%)、低渗透率(<0.1×10-3 μm2)且含气饱和度低(<60%)的储集层中,通常需要进行压裂改造才能实现商业化开采(Sharif,2007;邹才能等,2009;戴金星等,2012)。近年来,随着水平钻井和水力压裂技术的不断发展,致密气已成为重要的非常规能源类型(Law and Curtis,2002;贾承造等,2012;赵政璋和杜金虎,2012;Fic and Pedersen,2013;邹才能等,2013),在中国天然气储量和产量中的占比分别超过了1/3与1/4(贾爱林等,2025)。
鄂尔多斯盆地作为中国最主要的致密气产区,贡献了约85.7%的致密气产量,其上古生界储集层展现出了巨大的开发潜力(贾爱林等,2025),典型致密气田包括苏里格气田、大牛地气田和延安气田等。
上古生界二叠系山西组是鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩气的主要产层之一,主要发育河流—三角洲砂体(郭艳琴等,2021;Li et al., 2021)。前人研究认为,苏里格与大牛地气田山西组主要发育河流相与浅水三角洲平原砂体,并针对其储集层构型与储集层质量开展过大量研究(Yang et al., 2008;Dou et al., 2022;Li et al., 2022;Wan et al., 2022;Wu et al., 2022)。延安气田山西组沉积期邻近湖盆中心,发育浅水三角洲前缘砂体,其规模小、非均质性强,有效储集层分布十分复杂(王若谷等,2021;Wang et al., 2022)。已有学者对此开展过山西组内各个段级次的宏观沉积相分布及成岩作用研究(Feng et al., 2016;王香增等,2018;王若谷等,2021),但针对亚段级次的精细有效储集层分布规律尚不清楚,其核心难点在于砂体精细预测难度大,原因有三: (1)砂体规模小、厚度薄、非均质性强; (2)井网井距大,平均大于1 km;(3)第四系厚层黄土覆盖导致地震波能量衰减(王大兴等,2017;Chen et al., 2018;王香增等,2018;王若谷等,2021)。
基于上述问题,以延安气田中部高家河地区山西组山23亚段为例,在精细井震标定的基础上,开展砂体精细预测方法攻关研究,提出了一套基于自适应权重策略的井震砂体智能预测方法,以有效解决上述砂体预测难题。并以此为约束条件,明确了延安气田高家河地区浅水三角洲前缘沉积微相与致密气有效储集层分布规律。
延安气田位于中国陕西省境内,构造位置处于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘的伊陕斜坡带(图 1-a)。该区现今构造平缓,坡度小于1°,构造稳定性较强(王香增等,2018)。气田已探明的产气层段包括石炭系本溪组、二叠系山西组及下石盒子组(图 1-b)(Zhao et al., 2014;李浩,2015)。山西组作为主要的致密砂岩产气层段,可细分为山1段与山2段,进一步可划分为6个亚段,其中,山23亚段的产能最高,为文中关注的研究层位(图 1-b)。
高家河地区位于延安气田中部(图 1-c),在山2段沉积时期邻近湖盆中心,主要发育浅水三角洲前缘沉积,物源来自于北部(图 1-d)(王香增和周进松,2017;Wang et al., 2022)。有学者提出,山23亚段沉积时期发育海退背景下的浅水三角洲前缘沉积(于兴河等,2017),沉积物经历了多期海岸带的改造与分选作用(Zhu et al., 2008)。该层段主要发育石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,储集空间以次生溶孔和残余粒间孔为主(Wang et al., 2022),物性相对较好,平均孔隙度为5.32%,平均渗透率为0.11×10-3 μm2,这也是该层位产能较高的主要原因。
延安气田高家河区块具有丰富的钻井资料,共有108口井,包括9口探井、36口评价井及63口开发井(图 2-a),平均井距约为1500 m。所有井均具备常规测井数据(自然伽马、自然电位、声波时差、密度测井、中子孔隙度、电阻率、光电吸收截面指数等)及测井解释成果资料(如地层、砂体、有效砂体解释结果等)。此外,针对高家河及周边地区山23亚段9口取心井岩心(总长度达63 m)的沉积学特征进行了系统地观察与描述(图 3)。
高家河地区全域采集了三维地震数据,并采取了叠后地震处理(图 2-b),其纵测线间距与横测线间距分别为20 m和25 m,垂直采样间隔为2 ms。受复杂黄土高原地貌、目的层埋藏深度大(>3500 m)及煤层/石灰岩强反射界面的影响,地震波产生了强烈吸收与衰减(俞天军等,2024),原始地震数据品质相对较差,主频约20 Hz。经拓频处理后,地震数据主频提升至约40 Hz,带宽为20~60 Hz(图 2-c)。研究区山23亚段的地震波速度约为4000 m/s,对应的平均波长为100 m,是储集砂体平均厚度(<9 m)的至少11倍(图 2-d)。
前文已述,研究区山23亚段砂体厚度横向变化较快、井距较大、地震主频较低,砂体预测难度大(图 2-d)。为提升对这类非均质性强、厚度较薄的砂体的高精度预测,前人提出了地震分频属性智能融合方法。该方法基于不同频段地震波对砂体厚度响应差异的原理,通过数学运算对多频段地震属性进行融合,增强地震属性对砂体厚度的解释能力(Dorrington and Link,2004;Chopra and Marfurt,2005)。当前主流智能融合方法主要包括支持向量机、随机森林、神经网络以及集成学习等(Xie et al.,2023;Ali et al., 2024;刘磊等,2024;Zhen et al., 2024)。这些方法在砂体定量预测及厚层砂体边界刻画方面取得了一定进展,但其普遍采用全局固定权重策略,即通过优化训练集整体获得固定的属性权重系数(Liu et al., 2024;Zhen et al., 2024),该策略难以动态适配层内砂体分布的快速变化,无法实现高低频段信息的自适应融合,进而导致不同频段地震属性在不同砂体厚度区域的特征信息未能被充分挖掘,故针对厚度横向变化较快的砂体,在低品质地震资料情况下,砂体预测效果不佳。
为此,考虑横向上不同厚度砂体的地震频段、地震属性的响应不同,提出了一种基于自适应权重策略的智能属性融合方法,将振幅—频率与调谐厚度的关系引入注意力机制,构建了多频段地震多属性的自适应权重分配机制,达到高频属性聚焦薄层、低频属性聚焦厚层的智能权重分配策略,以解决低品质地震资料条件下砂体预测难题。该方法的具体思路为: 首先,根据与砂体厚度的相关性,优选地震频段与地震属性; 然后,在深度神经网络算法中引入自适应学习机制,构建基于自适应权重策略的机器学习模型; 最后,配置学习数据集与盲井测试集,开展模型训练,为不同厚度砂体配置不同的权重系数,并完成地震属性智能融合(图 4)。下面针对延安气田山23亚段砂体,介绍具体的预测方法。
不同类型地震属性对砂体的响应不同,例如振幅与能量类属性对砂体厚度具有一定识别能力,频率类属性则更适用于刻画砂体边界。本次从原始地震数据中提取16种单一地震属性,涉及振幅、能量、频率、相位不同类型,通过计算井旁地震属性值与砂体厚度的相关性发现,总体上两者相关性较低,总负振幅、总振幅、平均绝对振幅、半能量及平均负振幅与砂体厚度的相关性略高(R>0.2)(表 1),故作为初选属性。进一步,考虑同类型属性的协相关性,发现总振幅与平均绝对振幅及总负振幅属性相关系数大于0.8,反映地震信息相似,仅保留与砂厚相关性更高的总振幅属性。最终,优选出总振幅、半能量和平均负振幅3种地震属性。
地震数据的调谐效应和分辨率影响着不同厚度砂体与属性之间的关系,总体上,高频地震数据可反映薄砂体,低频地震数据更适于预测厚砂体(Zeng and Backus, 2005;Li et al., 2019;李洪辉等,2023)。本次采用小波谱分解技术将原始地震数据分解为多个分频数据体(频率间隔5 Hz)后发现,不同频谱分解地震体的调谐厚度差异很大(表 2)。结合研究区山23亚段砂体厚度范围(0~28 m),优选出主频为20 Hz、40 Hz和55 Hz的3个地震数据体,它们覆盖了原始地震带宽且频率重叠适度(图 5),能够响应所有厚度范围的砂体(表 2)。
本方法通过将物理约束的注意力机制引入深度神经网络模型,旨在提升分频属性在砂体解释中的有效性。该模型的基本架构由5个模块组成: 输入层、AVF(amplitude variation with frequency)约束的注意力模块、隐藏层、输出层以及综合损失函数模块。
输入层的主要任务是接收多维的地震属性特征矩阵。矩阵包含了来自N个井点的不同频段的M种地震属性,神经元数量与地震属性的维度M相对应。为了消除不同频段地震属性间的量纲差异与分布偏移,输入数据会先通过Z-score进行标准化预处理,从而避免高频属性(如瞬时频率)与低频属性(如波阻抗)因数值范围差异导致的权重分配偏差。标准化后的数据通过全连接层传递至注意力模块,完成特征空间的重构。
注意力模块的主要任务是实现动态权重的分配。该模块通过以下3个步骤处理实现特征的权重赋予:
1)利用全连接层对每个属性特征进行非线性映射,以砂体厚度H为监督目标,通过可训练的参数矩阵W和偏置项b构建各频段地震属性与目标变量砂厚的非线性映射关系(LeCun et al., 2015)。生成每个特征的重要性得分e=f(X,W,b)=ReLU(X·W+b),式中X为样本的特征; W和b表示可学习的参数集; e为样本点的注意力得分; f为用于增强特征非线性映射能力的ReLU激活函数; α表示注意力模块输出的各样本各频段地震属性的权重。该过程通过反向传播学习不同频段属性对砂体厚度的贡献度;
2)通过Softmax函数将得分转换为概率分布α=softmax(e),满足 ∑ i = 1 M  α=1,确保权重分配的全局可解释性;
3)引入基于物理约束生成的先验权重,先验权重矩阵是依据AVF规律和sigmoid函数建立的表征各频段地震属性与砂体厚度响应关系的二维矩阵,矩阵的每一行代表不同的井,每一列代表不同频段的地震主频,矩阵中的值为通过式1计算得到的权重修正系数ω。矩阵的构建方法如下。首先,优选低、中、高地震体主频。
记v为通过测井纵波速度标定获取的层速度,对于预测厚度处于[Ymin、Ymax]区间范围内的砂体,采用连续小波分频技术(CWT)将原始地震数据分解为最大主频为v/4Ymin,最小主频为v/4Ymax,各频段等间隔分布的数个分频数据体。对于主频为f的分频数据体,其能识别的砂体厚度为v/4f,当使用该数据体预测实际厚度为y的砂体时,可以通过实际砂厚与调谐厚度的差异来表征分频数据体对砂体的敏感性。为此,定义厚度差异指标Δy=y-v/4f,以量化在预测厚度为y的砂体时,主频为f的分频数据体所产生的厚度偏差,为了同时权衡不同主频地震数据体对砂体的敏感性,引入Sigmoid函数对厚度差异指标进行归一化,并引入敏感因子k(k>0)来调节敏感度,从而得到权重修正系数(式1)。计算注意力权重与先验权重之间的差异,并通过损失函数进行优化,从而完成权重分配的调整和优化。
ω = 1 1 + e - k y - v 4 f
隐藏层模块通过层级化网络设计与组合式正则化策略,实现高维特征的非线性提取与模型泛化能力的协同优化。其中,层级化网络设计是指通过4层全连接结构构建特征变换空间,每一层神经元的数量分别为256、128、128和64,逐层提取和转化特征。前2层引入Dropout正则化技术,以0.2的概率随机屏蔽神经元输出,从而通过破坏神经元间的固定依赖关系,抑制高频噪声导致的过拟合现象,增强网络对局部特征扰动的鲁棒性; 后2层采用批归一化技术,对每层输出的激活值进行标准化,约束激活值的分布,从而降低训练初期梯度的变化,提升模型的收敛稳定性。通过正则化与批归一化的分阶段应用,形成了动态优化机制: 浅层网络侧重特征选择的鲁棒性,深层网络保障特征分布的一致性。
在输出层部分,模型通过一个全连接层将隐藏层提取到的高维特征映射到目标变量砂体厚度的预测值。作为回归任务,输出层仅包含一个神经元,该神经元生成的值表示每个样本的砂体厚度预测结果。
损失函数L预测误差项和AVF调节项的线性组合组成,公式为:
L = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N ( Y ^ i - Y i ) + λ ∑ i = 1 N ∑ j = 1 M ( α i , j - ω i , j ) 2
式中: Yi表示第i个样本的真实砂厚值, Y ^ i表示模型预测的砂厚值。αi,j为注意力机制学习到的第i个井点的第j个属性的动态权重,ωi,j为基于AVF调谐曲线计算得到的先验权重,λ为约束强度系数,用于控制AVF约束在总损失中的权重比例。
其中,预测误差部分通过计算预测值与真实砂体厚度之间的均方误差(MSE)进行量化; AVF调节项通过计算注意力机制中的动态权重与基于AVF调谐曲线的先验权重之间的差异来量化。训练过程中,损失函数通过反向传播算法驱动模型参数的迭代更新,通过联合优化,模型在降低预测误差的同时,学习如何根据不同砂体厚度特性为分频地震属性赋予合适的权重。
基于优选的地震属性(总振幅、半能量、平均负振幅)和频率(20、40、55 Hz),提取了9种地震属性(图 6),用于地震属性智能融合。从40 Hz总振幅属性、55 Hz半能量和40 Hz平均负振幅(图 6-b,6-f,6-h)可以看出山23亚段砂体基本呈条带状分布,存在较模糊的砂体边界。通过20 Hz及40 Hz半能量属性可以发现在B2120及A1270井点附近存在砂体高值分布区。108口井的砂体解释数据作为数据集,其中45口探井和评价井(占41.6%)作为学习井数据用于模型训练,63口生产井(占58.4%)作为盲井测试集,用于泛化验证(图 2-a)。
利用45口学习井数据与井旁道的9种地震属性值,开展基于自适应权重策略的机器学习模型的训练,核心超参数配置为学习率(η=0.01)采用分段衰减策略; L2正则化系数(λ=0.001)对权重参数施加约束,以抑制过拟合; 批处理量batchsize为16。训练周期通过早停法动态确定最优迭代次数。模型以均方误差(MSE)为核心构建损失函数体系,引入AVF调谐理论推导的约束项,形成复合损失函数。通过梯度下降优化算法,通过反向传播不断优化损失函数(图 7),模型在初期损失函数迅速衰减,在训练轮次为700次时,模型达到收敛,损失函数值为4.87。此外,同时选用均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和相关系数(R)对模型预测精度进行综合评价,其中,均方根误差(RMSE)反映预测误差的总体分布特征,平均绝对误差(MAE)表征误差的绝对量级,相关系数R表示融合地震属性与实际有效砂体厚度之间的相关性,取值为0~1,越接近1表示解释效果越好。
基于模型训练得到的动态权重,完成了9种地震属性的智能融合(图 8-a)。63口盲井测试集为模型的准确性和可靠性提供了定量泛化验证,分析表明,融合地震属性与实际有效砂体厚度之间表现出较好的相关性,相关系数(R)达0.85,预测值分布在95%置信区间范围内(图 9-a)。事实上,融合属性值与学习井的砂体厚度值仍然存在一定的误差。因此,采用融合属性平面分布图作为协同趋势数据,以井点处砂体厚度作为条件数据,采用收敛插值算法得到最终的研究区山23亚段砂厚等值线图(图 8-b)。基于63口盲井测试集验证结果发现,最终预测砂体厚度与实际砂体厚度相关性有所提高,相关系数(R)达到0.90(图 9-b)。
根据图 9-b可以看出,研究区山23亚段发育宽条带状砂体,呈近南北走向展布,弯曲度较小。该砂体的宽度主要介于3~6 km之间,沿顺源方向上有所增加; 该砂体的厚度主要介于4~20 m之间,分布差异较大,具有中间厚、两侧薄的特点,其中,大于10 m的较厚层砂体发育于宽条带状砂体的中部,窄带状,其宽度约2 km;大于15 m的厚层砂体发育于窄带状较厚层砂体内部,呈离散透镜状,其宽度通常小于1 km,延伸长度多小于2 km,分布较为局限。沿顺源方向,砂体发生分叉,西侧仍为主干砂体带,砂体的宽度和厚度均较大,东侧为次要砂体带,砂体的宽度和厚度均很小。此外,研究区南东角还发育一小规模砂体,与研究区主体的宽条带状砂体相接,应为东侧发育的另一个砂体带的边缘。
前人指出,研究区山23亚段浅水三角洲前缘砂体形成于海退背景下,岩性以石英砂岩和岩屑石英中—粗砂岩为主,且发育海百合等海相化石(刘家铎等,2006)。依据垂向粒度序列及沉积构造特征,前缘砂体可识别出分流河道和河口坝2类沉积微相(图 10)。
分流河道砂体表现为正韵律,底部可见冲刷构造,发育板状交错层理、槽状交错层理和平行层理(图 3-a,3-b,3-c;图 10-a)。根据粒度与厚度差异,分流河道可细分为主分流河道和次分流河道,其中,主分流河道岩性以中—粗砂岩为主,厚度多大于4 m;次分流河道岩性以中—细砂岩为主,厚度小于4 m(图 3-e;图 10-a)。
河口坝砂体表现为反韵律特征,主要发育交错层理和块状层理(图 3-d;图 10-b)。根据粒度与厚度差异,河口坝可进一步细分为坝主体、坝内缘和坝外缘。其中,坝主体岩性以中—粗粒石英砂岩为主,砂体厚度最大,多大于8 m;坝内缘岩性主要为中—细粒岩屑石英砂岩,砂体厚度介于4~8 m之间;坝外缘砂体主要为岩屑砂岩,粒度最细,厚度相对较薄,均在4 m以下(图 10-b)。
结合单井的沉积相解释结果与砂体分布特征(图 8-b;图 10),对山23亚段的沉积相分布进行了预测(图 11-a)。结果显示,河口坝砂体占比较高,为该层的空间分布优势相,其厚度可达10~20 m,宽度为3~6 km。平面上看,河口坝具有侧向厚度逐渐变薄的特征,并从坝主体逐渐过渡为坝内缘和坝外缘。坝主体呈南北向宽条带状展布,并在中部出现分叉,宽度介于1~3 km之间;坝内缘主要呈环带状发育在坝主体的外部,宽度介于0.5~1 km之间; 坝外缘则呈新月状发育于坝内缘之外,宽度介于1~2 km之间,主要出现在研究区的东部和南东部,北部不发育坝外缘。分流河道的分布则主要集中在砂体的中间部位,其中,主分流河道(厚度5~10 m,宽度1~2 km)多深切坝主体; 而次分流河道则从主分流河道东侧分叉而出,规模相对较小,厚度为2~5 m,宽度仅为0.2~0.5 km。
研究区山23亚段砂体主要呈宽条带状分布于浅水三角洲前缘的分流河道与河口坝内。结合岩心和薄片鉴定资料分析认为,主分流河道和坝主体砂体多以厚层中—粗粒石英砂岩为主,含少量岩屑石英砂岩(图 12-a),其内部多发育残余粒间孔和宽条带状喉道,孔隙度一般大于6%,渗透率多为(0.8~1.5)×10-3 μm2,主要喉道半径为0.31~1.02 μm,是研究层段储集层物性最好的砂体; 相比之下,次分流河道和坝内缘砂体厚度较薄、粒度较细,岩性以岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主(图 12-b,12-c),多发育粒内溶孔和窄条带状喉道(图 12-d),对应的孔隙度仅为2%~6%,渗透率介于(0.5~0.8)×10-3 μm2之间,在整个研究层段中储集层物性相对较差; 坝外缘砂体厚度最薄、粒度更细,岩性为岩屑砂岩,其物性相对最差,为非有效储集层。
因此,高家河地区山23亚段的有效含气储集层与浅水三角洲前缘沉积微相类型及分布之间存在显著关联。在砂体厚度的约束下,根据井上有效含气储集层解释结果,参考沉积微相平面分布特征,绘制了有效含气储集层厚度平面分布图(图 11-b),以下详细阐述有效含气砂体的分布特征。
研究区山23亚段砂体中的有效含气储集层主要分布于浅水三角洲前缘的主分流河道、坝主体和坝内缘。有效含气储集层厚度平面分布图表明,山23亚段有效含气储集层亦呈“宽条带状”展布,总体沿顺物源方向呈近南北向延伸,弯曲度低(图 11-b)。定量统计表明,有效含气储集层宽度为3~6 km,厚度主要分布在4~17 m之间,其中,厚度大于10 m的厚层有效含气储集层(图 11-b中红色区域)集中于研究区中西部的主体区域,多呈窄条带、分叉且弯曲的形态,平均宽度约为2 km。
提出了一种基于深度神经网络算法的监督学习模型,还加入了基于性能评估的权重分配策略,该策略有助于建立不同单一属性与砂体厚度之间的关系。研究证明,当训练集与测试集比例为45︰63(即45口井用于训练,63口井作为盲井检验测试)时,井距多为 1~3 km,部分区域可大于 3 km,融合地震属性与盲井实际砂体厚度之间的相关系数(R)可达0.85,相较于最优单一属性的相关系数0.36,显著提高了0.49。
此外,本次研究还系统评估了其他不同训练—测试集比例(13︰95、30︰78、80︰28)下模型的预测精度,不同训练—测试集对应不同的井距条件。当训练—测试集比例为 13︰95时,井距较大,多为 3~5 km,部分区域可大于 5 km;当训练—测试集比例为(30︰78)时,井距多为 2~3 km,部分区域可大于 3 km;当训练—测试集比例为(80︰28)时,井距较小,多为 1~2 km,部分区域可大于 2 km。所有比例的融合属性图均清晰呈现出广泛分布的条带状高值区,反映了浅水三角洲沉积的带状展布特征(图 13)。其中,在训练集—测试集比例为13︰95(约0.14)时,供给模型学习的特征较少,模型仅能解释出砂体分布的条带状轮廓(图 13-a),对于厚薄砂体的解释分异相对较差,预测精度(与盲井砂体厚度的相关系数R)仍可保持在0.71。当比例达到30︰78(约0.38)时,模型解释结果中砂体边界变得更清晰(图 13-b),对于厚砂体的解释效果较好,部分薄砂体的解释还存在误差。而当比例达到80︰28(约2.86)时,此时,模型解释结果中砂体边界清晰,厚砂体和薄砂体解释结果均具有较高的准确性,相关系数可提高至0.94(图 13-c)。3种不同的数据比例条件下,模型均具有的一定的适应性,表明本研究所提出的基于自适应权重策略的深度神经网络模型具有较高的稳健性与预测精度,可适用于基于地震数据的勘探与开发阶段的砂体厚度预测。
与文中基于自适应权重策略的深度神经网络模型相比,以往采用的智能融合模型(如支持向量回归(SVR)、深度神经网络(DNN)、多层感知器(MLP)和K近邻算法(KNN)等)均依赖静态权重分配机制(Anifowose et al., 2019;Li et al., 2019;岳大力等, 2022;Xin et al., 2024)。通过对比这些已有模型,作者进一步评估了基于自适应权重策略的深度神经网络模型的性能。在不同训练集—测试集比例下,基于自适应权重策略的深度神经网络模型均表现出更高的预测精度和更好的砂岩厚度空间表征能力,具体体现为与盲井实测砂体厚度间具有更高的相关系数(图 14),且基于自适应权重策略的深度神经网络模型能够同时有效反映薄层和厚层砂体的分布特征(图 8)。同时,在模型的相关评价指标MAE和RMSE上,基于全局固定权重的模型,如KNN在训练集和测试集上的MAE值分别为8.62和8.24,RMSE值分别为10.88和11.24。而DW-DNN模型在训练集和测试集上的MAE值分别为3.11和3.17,RMSE值分别为5.22和5.47,明显优于其他模型(图 15)。
研究区山23亚段宽条带状砂体中的有效储集层,对应浅水三角洲前缘的分流河道、坝主体及坝内缘砂体,该类砂体规模较大,岩性以中—粗粒石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主。压实作用较弱,砂体内部发育残余粒间孔隙与宽条带状喉道,孔隙度大于2%、渗透率大于0.5×10-3 μm2。该类砂体是延安气田开发的核心目标区域,其无阻流量可达40×104 m3/d以上。这种大规模、高石英含量的河—坝复合体的形成,与古地貌和海浪的共同作用密切相关。
文中提出,限制性古地貌是大规模河—坝复合体形成的决定性因素。在本溪组沉积末期,研究区广泛发育沼泽沉积(张力文等,2022;李明瑞等,2024),这一沉积特征表明当时区域古地貌整体相对平缓。随后进入太原组沉积期,研究区主要发育多期碳酸盐岩台地与生物礁沉积(黄有根等,2024;Dong et al., 2023),这一过程塑造出崎岖不平的古地貌形态。本次研究使用印模法,以太原组底部沼泽相沉积为基准面对该层进行拉平,太原组碳酸盐岩台地与生物礁沉积的厚度即为山23亚段沉积前的古地貌形态,据此可以得到研究区山23亚段沉积相对古地貌图。太原组发育坚固的碳酸盐岩,其抗压性强,几乎不发生压实; 太原组底部发育一套完整且连续的煤层,厚度分布稳定,断层不发育,差异构造沉降影响较小; 太原组上覆山23亚段的土门泥岩,指示与山西组为连续沉积,局部存在山西组北岔沟砂岩下切太原组灰岩的现象,这导致现今太原组厚度薄于其原始沉积厚度,但其数量少,在采用“印模法”对古地貌进行恢复时影响较小。古地貌恢复结果表明,太原组地层厚度较薄的区域,对应研究区中部发育的主沟谷,该沟谷呈近南北向展布,且具有宽条带状形态(图 16-a)。
受上述古地貌的制约,山23亚段的浅水三角洲前缘砂体主要局限于主沟谷内(图 16-b),研究区北部沟谷相对较深,此处易于形成厚度较大的主分流河道、坝主体和坝内缘,而不易发育薄层的坝外缘沉积(图 12-a);而在次沟谷两侧的斜坡地带,地势相对宽缓,砂体相对较薄,仅发育少量厚度较薄的次分流河道与坝外缘沉积。与薄层的坝外缘砂体相比,次分流河道厚度相差不大,但粒度为相对更粗的中—粗砂岩,物性相对较好(孔隙度大于2%、渗透率大于0.5×10-3 μm2),可以作为有效储集层。因此,浅水三角洲前缘的有效储集层(即主分流河道、次分流河道、坝主体和坝内缘沉积)被限制在相对低洼的主沟谷范围内,呈现出沿主沟谷展布的条带状分布特征; 而厚度相对更薄、粒度更细的坝外缘成因的非有效砂体,则发育在研究区东部古地貌相对更高的次沟谷侧向斜坡及南东侧宽缓的斜坡区(图 16-c)。太原组地层厚度与山23亚段有效砂体厚度呈现出明显的负相关关系(R=0.65),即太原组地层厚度越小,山23亚段有效储集层厚度越大(图 17)。太原组地层厚度与有效储集层厚度之间的定量关系佐证了“沟谷控储”的结论。
此外,研究区处于陆表海环境,在太原组沉积时期发育海相碳酸盐沉积。直至山23亚段沉积早期,研究区仍处于海相环境,山23亚段含海百合化石的海相泥岩为此提供了直接证据(刘家铎等,2006)。海浪作用会促使浅水三角洲前缘沟谷中的砂岩被反复淘洗和改造,使得大部分岩屑与泥质等细粒沉积物被淘洗移除,形成中—粗粒石英砂岩,使其储集层物性更好。相比之下,位于研究区东部的次沟谷斜坡上的坝外缘砂体,由于未经过沟谷内的反复淘洗而多为岩屑砂岩,且本身粒度较细、厚度较薄,因而物性较差,难以形成大面积的有效含气储集层。
综上,浅水三角洲前缘致密气有效储集层的形成主要受控于沉积前的古地貌,主沟谷内部更有利于分流河道、坝主体、坝内缘等优势微相的形成,其粒度相对更粗、厚度更大,且更容易受到海浪的淘洗改造,多形成物性相对较好的有效储集层; 而地势较高的沟谷两侧斜坡处则多为薄层、细粒的坝外缘沉积,受海浪的淘洗较弱,难以形成有效含气储集层。
1)提出了一套基于自适应权重策略的井震砂体智能预测方法,即将振幅—频率与调谐厚度的关系引入注意力机制,构建多频段地震多属性的自适应权重分配机制,达到高频属性聚焦薄层、低频属性聚焦厚层的智能权重分配策略,解决了低品质地震资料砂体预测难题。与已有方法相比,考虑不同学习井—盲井比例,本次方法砂体厚度分布预测效果均最好,其中,学习井45口、盲井63口情况下,盲井的预测与实际砂厚的相关数达0.85。
2)鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田河口坝呈宽条带状南北展布,其中,坝主体亦呈宽条带状,在中部出现分叉,坝内缘呈环带状发育在坝主体之外,坝外缘又发育于坝内缘之外。分流河道则主要分布在砂体中部,其中,主分流河道多深切坝主体,而小规模的次分流河道则从主分流河道东侧分叉而出。有效储集层分布于分流河道、坝主体和坝内缘,平面上呈宽条带状南北向展布,宽度为3~6 km,厚度为4~17 m。
3)鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田浅水三角洲前缘致密气有效储集层的形成主要受控于古沟谷地貌,主沟谷内部洼地有利于主分流河道、坝主体、坝内缘等优势微相的形成,其粒度相对更粗、厚度更大,且更易经历海浪的淘洗改造而形成石英砂岩,对应于物性相对较好的有效储集层; 而地势较高的次沟谷两侧斜坡处则多为薄层的坝外缘沉积,受海浪的淘洗较弱,以细粒岩屑砂岩为主,物性较差,难以形成有效储集层。
  • *中国石油大学(北京) 科研基金(2462025BJRC005)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42202178)
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2026年第28卷第1期
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doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.008
  • 接收时间:2025-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-22
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30
  • 修回日期:2025-11-03
基金
Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462025BJRC005)
*中国石油大学(北京) 科研基金(2462025BJRC005)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202178)
国家自然科学基金(42202178)
作者信息
    1 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司,陕西西安 710065
    2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
    3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249

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徐振华,男,1992年生,博士、副教授、硕士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质研究。E-mail: 。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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