Article(id=1253994380809925432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776905158473, onlineDateStr=2026-04-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776905158473, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776905158473, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776905158473, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1253994374069682477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, year='2025', volume='8', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776905156856, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1777355348378, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1255882614297248384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1255882614301442689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1253994383003546431, articleId=1253994380809925432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, language=EN, title=The Ballistic Analysis of Rocket in Boost Phase Based on Solid Variable Thrust Motor, columnId=1253994380264669540, journalTitle=Flight Control & Detection, columnName=Navigation, Guidance and Control Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the impact of variable engine thrust on rocket ballistic performance, the optimization and analysis of rocket trajectory based on variable thrust engine is carried out by using the Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method,including trajectory comparison analysis under variable thrust and fixed thrust,and the influence of thrust adjustment ability on trajectory and trajectory comparison analysis based on variable thrust engine under different optimization objectives. The results show that if the specific impulse is unchanged and engineering constraints are not considered,the thrust adjustment ability of the engine will make the trajectory of the rocket more flexible,and the speed and height coverage of the flight end will be increased,and the normal overload of the flight will be reduced. In addition,the greater the engine's ability to regulate thrust,the more adaptable a rocket's active segment trajectory is.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shichao TIAN, Yu XU, Guoshu LI, Hao GUO, Shijie SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1253994392264569800, articleId=1253994380809925432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, language=CN, title=基于固体变推力发动机的火箭主动段弹道分析, columnId=1253994380436636006, journalTitle=飞控与探测, columnName=导航制导与控制技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究固体发动机变推力对火箭主动段弹道性能的影响,采用高斯伪谱法开展了基于固体变推力发动机模型的火箭主动段弹道优化、分析,包括发动机变推力与固定推力下的火箭主动段弹道对比分析、推力调节能力对火箭主动段弹道的影响以及不同优化目标下基于变推力发动机的主动段弹道对比分析。结果表明,发动机采用变推力方案后,在比冲不变且不考虑工程约束的情况下,固体火箭发动机具备推力调节能力将使火箭主动段弹道更灵活,且飞行末端的速度、高度覆盖范围将增大,飞行的法向过载减小。另外,发动机的推力调节能力越大,火箭主动段弹道的适应性越强。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hDgvyFv43GvL/mDxMWKbug==, magXml=8ApvxeZcsYlPPiXdfQK9+g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GSa2z77c6OVTSpZ3ZJSy+Q==, pdfFileSize=1593302, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=t8DvDI+/NkiLmyvjTKE/IQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=w7YLD4h+ERGu/Dxv4XlMIQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

田世超,男,硕士,工程师。

, authorsList=田世超, 许昱, 李国曙, 郭昊, 孙石杰)}, authors=[Author(id=1253994392952435678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1253994393132790756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994392952435678, language=EN, stringName=Shichao TIAN, firstName=Shichao, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1253994393409614832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994392952435678, language=CN, stringName=田世超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076, bio={"content":"

田世超,男,硕士,工程师。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

田世超,男,硕士,工程师。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])]), Author(id=1253994393489306613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1253994393606747133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994393489306613, language=EN, stringName=Yu XU, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1253994393703216128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994393489306613, language=CN, stringName=许昱, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])]), Author(id=1253994393820655619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1253994395569680395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994393820655619, language=EN, stringName=Guoshu LI, firstName=Guoshu, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1253994395699703822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994393820655619, language=CN, stringName=李国曙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])]), Author(id=1253994395913613333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1253994396106551321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994395913613333, language=EN, stringName=Hao GUO, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1253994396257546269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994395913613333, language=CN, stringName=郭昊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])]), Author(id=1253994396416929830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1253994396584701998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994396416929830, language=EN, stringName=Shijie SUN, firstName=Shijie, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1253994396727308342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, authorId=1253994396416929830, language=CN, stringName=孙石杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1253994396928634942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=boost phase of rocket), Keyword(id=1253994397096407109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=solid variable thrust engine), Keyword(id=1253994397171904586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=gain analysis), Keyword(id=1253994397272567886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Gauss pseudo-spectral method), Keyword(id=1253994397343871059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=火箭主动段), Keyword(id=1253994397503254619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=固体变推力发动机), Keyword(id=1253994397654249567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=增益分析), Keyword(id=1253994397750718567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=Gauss伪谱法)], refs=[Reference(id=1253994400762228925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=12, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张淑慧, 胡波, 孟雅桃, journalName=固体火箭技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张淑慧,胡波,孟雅桃.推力可控固体火箭发动机应用及发展[J].固体火箭技术,2002,25(4):12-15., articleTitle=推力可控固体火箭发动机应用及发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994400829337793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=12, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHANG S H, HU B, MENG Y T, journalName=Solid Rocket Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S H,HU B,MENG Y T.Application and development of controllable solid rocket motor[J]. Solid Rocket Technology,2002,25(4):12-15(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application and development of controllable solid rocket motor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994400921612484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6,23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=侯晓, 付鹏, 武渊, journalName=固体火箭技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯晓,付鹏,武渊.固体火箭发动机能量管理技术及其新进展[J].固体火箭技术,2017,40(1):1-6,23., articleTitle=固体火箭发动机能量管理技术及其新进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401060024519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6,23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=HOU X, FU P, WU Y, journalName=Solid Rocket Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU X,FU P,WU Y.Energy management technology of SRM and its development[J].Solid Rocket Technology,2017,40(1):1-6,23(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Energy management technology of SRM and its development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401143910605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=陈晓丽, 牛禄, 潘科玮, journalName=弹箭与制导学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈晓丽,牛禄,潘科玮,.喉栓式可调喷管推力模型优化研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2023,43(2):80-87., articleTitle=喉栓式可调喷管推力模型优化研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401248768210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=CHEN X L, NIU L, PAN K W, journalName=Journal of Missiles,Arrows and Guidance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN X L,NIU L,PAN K W,et al.Optimization of thrust model of pintle control nozzle[J].Journal of Missiles,Arrows and Guidance,2023,43(2):80-87(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Optimization of thrust model of pintle control nozzle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401433317593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=刘玉磊, 杨硕, 崔金平, journalName=航空兵器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘玉磊,杨硕,崔金平,.喉栓式可调喷管方案设计与试验研究[J].航空兵器,2018(4):62-66., articleTitle=喉栓式可调喷管方案设计与试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401521397982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LIU Y L, YANG S, CUI J P, journalName=Aerial Weapon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y L,YANG S,CUI J P,et al.Design and experimental study of adjustable nozzle with throat plug[J].Aerial Weapon,2018(4):62-66(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Design and experimental study of adjustable nozzle with throat plug, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401605284065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=634, pageEnd=639, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=唐金兰, 宋慧敏, 李进贤, journalName=固体火箭技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐金兰,宋慧敏,李进贤,.基于动网格的喉栓式推力可调喷管内流场数值模拟[J].固体火箭技术, 2014,37(5):634-639., articleTitle=基于动网格的喉栓式推力可调喷管内流场数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401693364453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=634, pageEnd=639, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=TANG J L, SONG H M, LI J X, journalName=Solid Rocket Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J L,SONG H M,LI J X,et al.Numerical simulation of pintle-controlled nozzle flow field based on dynamic grid[J].Solid Rocket Technology,2014, 37(5):634-639(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of pintle-controlled nozzle flow field based on dynamic grid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401802416359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=STADLER L, HOFFMANN S, HUBER J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STADLER L,HOFFMANN S,HUBER J,et al.The flight demonstrator of the double pulse motor demonstrator MSA[C]//46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit,Nashville:AIAA,2010., articleTitle=The flight demonstrator of the double pulse motor demonstrator MSA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401919856876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23,38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=于建国, 郑咏岚, journalName=现代防御技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于建国,郑咏岚.变推力固体火箭发动机战术导弹弹道优化研究[J].现代防御技术,2014,42(4):20-23,38., articleTitle=变推力固体火箭发动机战术导弹弹道优化研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994401982771439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23, 38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=YU J G, ZHENG Y L, journalName=Modern Defense Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU J G,ZHENG Y L.Trajectory optimization design of tactical missile with variable thrust solid rocket engine[J].Modern Defense Technology,2014,42(4):20-23, 38(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Trajectory optimization design of tactical missile with variable thrust solid rocket engine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402066657523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=3, pageStart=71, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=李怡昕, 李旭, 刘少波, journalName=现代防御技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李怡昕,李旭,刘少波,.高斯伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用[J].现代防御技术,2019,47(3):71-77., articleTitle=高斯伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402267984118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=3, pageStart=71, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=LI Y X, LI X, LIU S B, journalName=Modern Defense Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y X,LI X,LIU S B,et al.Application of Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method in trajectory optimization of variable thrust missile[J].Modern Defense Technology, 2019,47(3):71-77(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application of Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method in trajectory optimization of variable thrust missile, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402347675897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=张毅, 肖龙旭, 王顺宏, journalName=弹道导弹弹道学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张毅,肖龙旭,王顺宏.弹道导弹弹道学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402414784763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANG Y, XIAO L X, WANG S H, journalName=Ballistic missile ballistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y,XIAO L X,WANG S H.Ballistic missile ballistics[M].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology Press,1999(in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402511253758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=张飞天, journalName=近程弹道导弹弹道优化方法研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张飞天.近程弹道导弹弹道优化方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1253994402595139840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHANG F T, journalName=Study on the optimization method of trajectory of ballistic missile range, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG F T.Study on the optimization method of trajectory of ballistic missile range[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009(in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994392843383765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392851772375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994392860160983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, companyId=1253994392843383765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1253994397947850868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The optimization results with the final velocity maximum as the target, figureFileSmall=xdl/U38EYoZ6NUEp8pI4uQ==, figureFileBig=t8DvDI+/NkiLmyvjTKE/IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994398027542648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=图1, caption=以末速最大为目标的优化结果, figureFileSmall=xdl/U38EYoZ6NUEp8pI4uQ==, figureFileBig=t8DvDI+/NkiLmyvjTKE/IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994398216286339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The analysis speed coverage range, figureFileSmall=+vRTA1/1b1PxBNXEmScH1Q==, figureFileBig=g7ndJbyq6GLBZyU7KMLWVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994398291783814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=图2, caption=速度覆盖范围分析结果, figureFileSmall=+vRTA1/1b1PxBNXEmScH1Q==, figureFileBig=g7ndJbyq6GLBZyU7KMLWVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994399864647822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The velocity comparison at different end heights, figureFileSmall=fU/nmmF6YMHo+QgSJUZ3EA==, figureFileBig=XOrfQ3SQFTyMd+tHpDNsBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994399944339601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同末端高度下的速度对比, figureFileSmall=fU/nmmF6YMHo+QgSJUZ3EA==, figureFileBig=XOrfQ3SQFTyMd+tHpDNsBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994400024031380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of variable thrust engine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
总冲13450.8kN·s
装药量5080kg
推力200kN
比冲270s
推力调节系数0.4~1
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400103723161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变推力发动机性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
总冲13450.8kN·s
装药量5080kg
推力200kN
比冲270s
推力调节系数0.4~1
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400204386459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Status parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
初始速度v01500m/s
初始弹道倾角θ035°
初始水平位置x00km
初始高度y025km
初始质量m06700kg
初始攻角α0
终端速度vf
终端弹道倾角θf
终端水平位置xf
终端高度yf70km
终端质量mf1620kg
终端攻角αf0
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400300855457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

状态参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
初始速度v01500m/s
初始弹道倾角θ035°
初始水平位置x00km
初始高度y025km
初始质量m06700kg
初始攻角α0
终端速度vf
终端弹道倾角θf
终端水平位置xf
终端高度yf70km
终端质量mf1620kg
终端攻角αf0
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400393130151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

End status parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Vmax/(m/s)Vmin/(m/s)ΔV/(m/s)
固定推力方案4866.44752.4114.0
变推力方案4972.44483.7488.7
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400497987759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

末端状态参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Vmax/(m/s)Vmin/(m/s)ΔV/(m/s)
固定推力方案4866.44752.4114.0
变推力方案4972.44483.7488.7
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400581873845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

End status parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Vmax/(m/s)Vmin/(m/s)V/(m/s)
固定推力,高度70km4866.44752.4114
固定推力,高度60km4947.24788.6158.6
固定推力,高度50km4916.64794.8121.8
变推力,高度70km4972.44483.7488.7
变推力,高度60km4975.54389586.5
变推力,高度50km4938.23256.61681.6
), ArticleFig(id=1253994400669954233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380809925432, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

末端状态参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Vmax/(m/s)Vmin/(m/s)V/(m/s)
固定推力,高度70km4866.44752.4114
固定推力,高度60km4947.24788.6158.6
固定推力,高度50km4916.64794.8121.8
变推力,高度70km4972.44483.7488.7
变推力,高度60km4975.54389586.5
变推力,高度50km4938.23256.61681.6
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1251231495105327204, delFlag=0, nameCn=飞控与探测, nameEn=Flight Control & Detection, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2096-5974, eissn=, cn=10-1567/TJ, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=1, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=, officePhone=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=62VTU3mFmPrlNa8O4U3NDw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Flight Control & Detection, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1776246435193, updatedTime=1776397610259, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=F, firstLetterEn=F, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=62VTU3mFmPrlNa8O4U3NDw==, picEn=A2zKCSNdCDHegCegMgaNMQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1251865569406960556, language=CN, name=飞控与探测, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1776397610284, updatedTime=1776397610284, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1251865569457292205, language=EN, name=Flight Control & Detection, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1776397610296, updatedTime=1776397610296, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1251234571887362144, websiteList=[Website(id=1251257283523592241, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1251234571887362144, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1776252583628, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776253801088, updateBy=18614031015, name=飞控与探测-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=飞控与探测, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1251262529310241438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1776253834321, updateTime=1776253834321, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529289269915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1776253834316, updateTime=1776253834316, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529331212961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253834326, updateTime=1776253834326, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529285075610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN/file/pic?fileId=i7mLZwFALt9PMt6SohU8eg==, createTime=1776253834315, updateTime=1776253834315, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529343795875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253834329, updateTime=1776253834329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529306047133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN/file/pic, createTime=1776253834320, updateTime=1776253834320, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529335407266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253834327, updateTime=1776253834327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529297658524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1776253834318, updateTime=1776253834318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529318630047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1776253834323, updateTime=1776253834323, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262529327018656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283523592241, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1776253834325, updateTime=1776253834325, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1251257283611672633, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1251234571887362144, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1776252583649, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776253797406, updateBy=18614031015, name=飞控与探测-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Flight Control & Detection, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1251262470745174676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1776253820358, updateTime=1776253820358, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470724203153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1776253820353, updateTime=1776253820353, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470766146199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253820363, updateTime=1776253820363, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470711620240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/EN/file/pic?fileId=i7mLZwFALt9PMt6SohU8eg==, createTime=1776253820350, updateTime=1776253820350, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470778729113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253820366, updateTime=1776253820366, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470736786067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/EN/file/pic, createTime=1776253820356, updateTime=1776253820356, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470770340504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1776253820364, updateTime=1776253820364, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470732591762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1776253820355, updateTime=1776253820355, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470749368981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1776253820359, updateTime=1776253820359, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1251262470757757590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1251257283611672633, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1776253820361, updateTime=1776253820361, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=飞控与探测, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://fkytc.ijournal.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Flight Control & Detection, journalPhotoCn=62VTU3mFmPrlNa8O4U3NDw==, journalPhotoEn=A2zKCSNdCDHegCegMgaNMQ==, journalFirstLetter=F, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN/10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/EN/10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN/PDF/10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/EN/PDF/10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于固体变推力发动机的火箭主动段弹道分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
田世超 , 许昱 , 李国曙 , 郭昊 , 孙石杰
飞控与探测 | 导航制导与控制技术 2025,8(5): 25-33
收起
收藏切换
飞控与探测 | 导航制导与控制技术 2025, 8(5): 25-33
基于固体变推力发动机的火箭主动段弹道分析
全屏
田世超, 许昱, 李国曙, 郭昊, 孙石杰
作者信息
  • 中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076
  • 田世超,男,硕士,工程师。

The Ballistic Analysis of Rocket in Boost Phase Based on Solid Variable Thrust Motor
Shichao TIAN, Yu XU, Guoshu LI, Hao GUO, Shijie SUN
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Space Physics, China Academy of Missile Technology, Beijing 100076
doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003
文章导航
收藏切换

为研究固体发动机变推力对火箭主动段弹道性能的影响,采用高斯伪谱法开展了基于固体变推力发动机模型的火箭主动段弹道优化、分析,包括发动机变推力与固定推力下的火箭主动段弹道对比分析、推力调节能力对火箭主动段弹道的影响以及不同优化目标下基于变推力发动机的主动段弹道对比分析。结果表明,发动机采用变推力方案后,在比冲不变且不考虑工程约束的情况下,固体火箭发动机具备推力调节能力将使火箭主动段弹道更灵活,且飞行末端的速度、高度覆盖范围将增大,飞行的法向过载减小。另外,发动机的推力调节能力越大,火箭主动段弹道的适应性越强。

火箭主动段  /  固体变推力发动机  /  增益分析  /  Gauss伪谱法

In order to study the impact of variable engine thrust on rocket ballistic performance, the optimization and analysis of rocket trajectory based on variable thrust engine is carried out by using the Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method,including trajectory comparison analysis under variable thrust and fixed thrust,and the influence of thrust adjustment ability on trajectory and trajectory comparison analysis based on variable thrust engine under different optimization objectives. The results show that if the specific impulse is unchanged and engineering constraints are not considered,the thrust adjustment ability of the engine will make the trajectory of the rocket more flexible,and the speed and height coverage of the flight end will be increased,and the normal overload of the flight will be reduced. In addition,the greater the engine's ability to regulate thrust,the more adaptable a rocket's active segment trajectory is.

boost phase of rocket  /  solid variable thrust engine  /  gain analysis  /  Gauss pseudo-spectral method
田世超, 许昱, 李国曙, 郭昊, 孙石杰. 基于固体变推力发动机的火箭主动段弹道分析. 飞控与探测, 2025 , 8 (5) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003
Shichao TIAN, Yu XU, Guoshu LI, Hao GUO, Shijie SUN. The Ballistic Analysis of Rocket in Boost Phase Based on Solid Variable Thrust Motor[J]. Flight Control & Detection, 2025 , 8 (5) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003
固体火箭发动机具有结构简单、使用维护方便、可靠性高等优点,在航天领域具有广泛应用。目前,固定推力的固体火箭发动机技术已较为成熟,具备变推力能力的固体火箭发动机成为其后续发展的重要方向。该技术的应用对于提高火箭的机动性、扩展火箭主动段的弹道设计能力大有裨益。
固体变推力发动机根据工作原理不同可大致分为:调节喷管喉部面积的变推力发动机、控制推进剂质量燃速的变推力发动机、加质发动机、胶状推进剂发动机、层状发动机和熄火发动机[1-2]。其中,喉部面积可调发动机借助伺服系统调整喉部面积以改变燃烧室工作压强,从而改变发动机的推力。该方案具有技术难度小、结构设计简单、推力调节范围大等优势,因此国内外对该类发动机的技术研究最为广泛[3-6]
在固体变推力发动机应用研究方面,于建国等[7]围绕固体变推力发动机在战术导弹上的应用开展研究,结果表明,采用固体变推力发动机可有效提高导弹射程;李怡昕等[8]以近程导弹拦截目标为研究场景,验证了变推力控制在导弹弹道性能上的优越性。在前人研究的基础上,为探究固体发动机变推力对火箭主动段弹道性能的影响,对比了不同优化目标下采用变推力发动机和固定推力发动机时的火箭弹道特点,进而分析得到变推力发动机对火箭主动段弹道的增益。
本文不考虑火箭自身姿态变化以及火箭在水平面内的运动,采用铅垂平面内的质点弹道进行分析,其运动方程为[9]
式中,m为质量,V为速度,Y为升力,X为阻力,P为推力,Isp为发动机比冲,α为攻角,θ为弹道倾角,g为重力加速度,为攻角变化率,F推力调节系数,p为发动机最大推力。运动方程的状态量为[VθxymαP],控制量为[F]。
固体变推力发动机以固定推力发动机为原型,假设其最大推力与固定推力发动机的推力相同,且不考虑发动机采用变推力方案后的比冲变化,发动机性能参数如表1所示。
高斯伪谱法是一种基于全局插值多项式的直接配点法,该方法能够对状态变量和控制变量同时进行离散,然后进行寻优搜索。相比于传统的直接配点法,高斯伪谱法能够以较少的节点获得更高的精度,在运载火箭上升段轨迹优化、行星软着陆以及轨道转移等问题上得到了广泛应用[10]。本文采用高斯伪谱法对基于变推力发动机的火箭主动段进行弹道优化。
高斯伪谱法的步骤如下。
(1)时域变化
对自变量进行时域变换,将时间区间从[t0tf]转换到[-1,1],以适应拉格朗日(Lagrange)多项式插值对自变量区间的要求。
(2)时间离散化
将变换后的时域按N阶拉格朗日—高斯(Lagrange-Gauss,LG)点进行离散,获得N个LG点。这里LG点为勒让德多项式的根,即
(3)全局插值多项式近似状态变量与控制变量
以式(2)中获得的N个LG点以及端点τ0 =-1作为节点,由N+1个节点构成N+1个Lagrange插值多项式,从而得到状态变量的近似表达式
其中,Lagrange插值基函数的计算公式为
同理,获得控制变量的近似表达式
(4)微分方程约束转化
对式(4)求微分,即有
其中,微分矩阵Dki为Lagrange插值函数对时间求导获得
由此,将微分方程约束转化为代数方程约束
其中:k=1,2,…,Ni=0,1,…,N
(5)终端状态约束
式(9)的状态变量未包含终端时刻节点处的值,终端状态由微分方程对时间积分后,再加上初始状态值得到
其中,用离散的高斯积分近似原有连续函数积分过程,可得
式中,wk为高斯积分的求积系数
其中,PNτk)为n阶Legendre多项式在节点τk处的值,从而有
(6)性能函数指标的近似
原始含有积分方程的性能函数泛函为
将其中的积分利用高斯积分进行近似,得到新的性能指标函数
根据上述变换,基于高斯伪谱法的最优控制问题可以描述为:求离散的LG节点上的状态变量Xii= 0,1,…,N)和控制变量Umm= 1,2,…,N)中的未知量,以及t0tf(一般t0已知),使得性能泛函式(15)最小,并满足转化的微分方程约束式(9)、终端状态约束式(13)、原最优控制问题的边界条件Φxt0),t0xtf),tf)=0,以及相关过程约束Cxt),ut),t)≤ 0。
火箭主动段初始时刻、终端时刻的状态参数如表2所示。控制量为攻角变化率(-1(°)/s ≤≤ 1(°)/s)和推力调节系数FF= 0.4~1)。另外,将飞行过程的攻角限制在-20 ≤α≤20°。
首先以末端速度最大为目标,开展弹道优化,对比固定推力和变推力下的火箭飞行剖面,计算结果如图1所示,可得以下结论:
末端速度方面,发动机采用变推力对提高火箭主动段末端速度有一定提升,且推力调节能力越强,末端速度越大。变推力方案中,火箭主动段末端速度为4905.2m/s,推力调节系数取0.4~1时,火箭主动段末端速度为4965.8m/s,速度较固定推力方案提高1.24%。
弹道倾角方面,由于要求攻角变化率相对较小,固定推力的火箭主动段弹道优化中末端弹道倾角出现畸变,说明推力固定时火箭无法实现指定的末端弹道倾角要求。采用变推力发动机方案后,通过气动力和发动机推力的联合控制,能够满足火箭末端弹道倾角要求,且随着推力调节能力的增强,弹道倾角的变化更为平缓。
射程方面,变推力发动机使发动机工作时间有所延长,火箭主动段飞行时间增加,射程有所增大。固定推力方案中,火箭主动段射程为175.7km,变推力方案火箭主动段射程为233.4km,射程提高32.8%。
攻角方面,为适应末端弹道倾角要求,固定推力方案中火箭大部分时间以最大负攻角飞行。改用变推力发动机后,火箭攻角变化呈“V”字形,达到最大负攻角后,攻角逐渐减小,随着推力调节能力的增强,所需最大负攻角不断减小。因此,采用变推力方案将有效降低伺服控制系统的设计压力。攻角变化率也能反映这一现象,随着推力调节能力的增强,攻角变化率逐渐趋于平缓。
推力调节系数变化方面,变推力方案中,推力调节系数为0.8~1时,火箭始终以最小推力飞行;推力调节系数为0.6~1时,火箭先以最小推力飞行,末端发动机推力逐渐增大;推力调节系数为0.4~1时,火箭先以最小推力飞行,后期推力曲线出现振荡。对比速度、弹道倾角、攻角等参数随时间变化情况可知,推力调节范围为0.6~1与推力调节系数为0.4~1的弹道方案相近,随着推力调节系数的增大,其对弹道优化的增益逐渐降低。
过载方面,推力调节范围取0.8~1的弹道方案中,火箭始终以最小推力飞行,因此轴向过载要小于其他飞行状态。其他推力调节方案中,末端推力调节系数取最大值,导致末端轴向过载增大。变推力飞行方案的优势主要集中在法向过载方面,变推力方案使攻角变化幅度降低,使得法向过载得到有效降低。
在前文分析基础上,这里进一步分析固定推力方案和变推力方案下火箭主动段速度覆盖范围。在前文的分析中,攻角变化率取-1(°)/s≤≤ 1(°)/s、攻角过程约束取-20°≤α≤20°时,固定推力下的弹道无法满足末端弹道倾角要求,因此进一步放宽攻角变化率和攻角约束,取-1(°)/s≤ ≤ 1(°)/s,-30°≤α≤30°。变推力方案中,推力调节系数取0.4~1。各状态量、控制量随时间变化如图2所示。表3为固定推力方案和变推力方案可获得的最大末端速度Vmax、最小末端速度Vmin及速度差值ΔV
表3可知,变推力方案的末端速度调节能力远大于固定推力方案,其速度变化幅度可达10.9%,而固定推力方案的末端速度变化幅度仅为2.4%。由此看来,变推力发动机方案在末端速度调整方面具有一定优势。
参照图2可知,当以末端速度最小为目标进行优化时,火箭通过机动进行能量消耗,以达到降速的目的。在变推力方案中,火箭采用大推力加速爬升至45km高度后,以最小推力继续缓慢爬升,依靠低空稠密大气消耗更多的能量,从而使末端速度大幅降低。
另外,由于气动力所提供的轴向过载相对于发动机推力提供的轴向过载为小量,因此,固定推力方案的末端速度最大时的轴向过载与末端速度最小时的轴向过载相近。变推力方案在不同优化目标下的轴向过载则存在较大差异。原因在于,以末端速度最小为目标进行优化时,火箭大部分时间以最小推力飞行,因此其轴向过载大幅降低。法向过载方面,尽管变推力方案的攻角变化幅度大于固定推力方案,但通过推力调节,其法向过载仍小于固定推力方案。
在此基础上,对不同高度下,固定推力方案的最大、最小末端速度和变推力方案的最大、最小末端速度进行对比分析。定义末端高度H分别为50km,60km,70km,变推力发动机的推力调节范围为0.4~1,攻角及攻角变化率范围同上文。以末端速度最大和末端速度最小为目标进行优化,优化结果的时间速度剖面、射程高度剖面如图3所示。表4为不同方案的最大、最小末端速度对比。
表4可知,固定推力方案中,火箭最大末端速度未随末端高度的降低而增大,而是呈现先增加后减小的趋势。最小末端速度则随高度的降低而增大。参照图3,当以末端速度最大,末端高度为50km进行优化时,火箭大多数时间在较低高度飞行,能量消耗较大,导致最大末端速度降低;当以末端速度最小优化目标时,用于增加势能的能量转化为增加火箭动能,但是受到发动机工作时间的限制,火箭无法进行长时间机动以消耗多余能量,从而导致其最小末端速度增大。
变推力方案中,当以末端速度最大为优化目标时,其末端速度同样随高度的降低呈现先增大后降低的趋势,相同高度下的末端速度均大于固定推力方案。当以末端速度最小为优化目标时,随着高度的降低,其末端速度大幅降低,当末端高度为50km时,最大和最小末端速度差可达1681.6m/s。参照图3可知,末端高度降低后,火箭末端势能需求减小,火箭可以通过大幅度机动来消耗多余能量,从而使火箭最小末端速度大幅降低。但是,末端高度降低后,弹道呈现跳跃模式,实际工程应用时,还需综合结构、防隔热系统的适应能力细化弹道可行性。
本文对比分析了发动机固定推力、变推力对火箭主动段弹道特性的影响,得到如下结论:
1)假设发动机采用变推力方案后比冲不变的前提下,变推力发动机有助于提高火箭主动段末端速度的覆盖范围,推力调节裕度越大,速度覆盖范围越大。但是随着推力调节系数的增大,其扩展速度覆盖范围的增益逐渐降低。
2)通过气动力和发动机推力的联合控制可增强火箭主动段控制能力,优化飞行剖面,从而有效降低伺服控制系统的设计压力,同时也可有效降低火箭法向过载,缓解结构系统设计压力。
3)依靠变推力发动机加速时,主要通过低空小推力加速消耗多余燃料。当末端高度降低时,火箭对末端势能的需求减小,其依靠变推力发动机可实现更长时间的低空飞行,因此末端速度覆盖范围进一步扩展。但是,如果末端高度过低,弹道将呈现跳跃模式,实际工程应用时,还需综合结构、防隔热系统的适应能力,细化弹道可行性。
本文初步开展了固体变推力发动机对火箭主动段弹道增益的研究,后续将进一步细化发动机和弹道模型,包括考虑变推力对发动机性能的影响、完善弹道设计的约束条件等。在此基础上,结合工程实际,开展深入研究工作。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张淑慧,胡波,孟雅桃.推力可控固体火箭发动机应用及发展[J].固体火箭技术,2002,25(4):12-15.
ZHANG S H,HU B,MENG Y T.Application and development of controllable solid rocket motor[J]. Solid Rocket Technology,2002,25(4):12-15(in Chinese).
[2]
侯晓,付鹏,武渊.固体火箭发动机能量管理技术及其新进展[J].固体火箭技术,2017,40(1):1-6,23.
HOU X,FU P,WU Y.Energy management technology of SRM and its development[J].Solid Rocket Technology,2017,40(1):1-6,23(in Chinese).
[3]
陈晓丽,牛禄,潘科玮,.喉栓式可调喷管推力模型优化研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2023,43(2):80-87.
CHEN X L,NIU L,PAN K W,et al.Optimization of thrust model of pintle control nozzle[J].Journal of Missiles,Arrows and Guidance,2023,43(2):80-87(in Chinese).
[4]
刘玉磊,杨硕,崔金平,.喉栓式可调喷管方案设计与试验研究[J].航空兵器,2018(4):62-66.
LIU Y L,YANG S,CUI J P,et al.Design and experimental study of adjustable nozzle with throat plug[J].Aerial Weapon,2018(4):62-66(in Chinese).
[5]
唐金兰,宋慧敏,李进贤,.基于动网格的喉栓式推力可调喷管内流场数值模拟[J].固体火箭技术, 2014,37(5):634-639.
TANG J L,SONG H M,LI J X,et al.Numerical simulation of pintle-controlled nozzle flow field based on dynamic grid[J].Solid Rocket Technology,2014, 37(5):634-639(in Chinese).
[6]
STADLER L,HOFFMANN S,HUBER J,et al.The flight demonstrator of the double pulse motor demonstrator MSA[C]//46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit,Nashville:AIAA,2010.
[7]
于建国,郑咏岚.变推力固体火箭发动机战术导弹弹道优化研究[J].现代防御技术,2014,42(4):20-23,38.
YU J G,ZHENG Y L.Trajectory optimization design of tactical missile with variable thrust solid rocket engine[J].Modern Defense Technology,2014,42(4):20-23, 38(in Chinese).
[8]
李怡昕,李旭,刘少波,.高斯伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用[J].现代防御技术,2019,47(3):71-77.
LI Y X,LI X,LIU S B,et al.Application of Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method in trajectory optimization of variable thrust missile[J].Modern Defense Technology, 2019,47(3):71-77(in Chinese).
[9]
张毅,肖龙旭,王顺宏.弹道导弹弹道学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999.
ZHANG Y,XIAO L X,WANG S H.Ballistic missile ballistics[M].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology Press,1999(in Chinese).
[10]
张飞天.近程弹道导弹弹道优化方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
ZHANG F T.Study on the optimization method of trajectory of ballistic missile range[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
2025年第8卷第5期
PDF下载
157
76
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003
  • 首发时间:2026-04-23
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
作者信息
    中国运载火箭技术研究院 空间物理重点实验室·北京·100076
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/fkytc/CN/10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.003
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏