Article(id=1253994381837537726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776905158705, onlineDateStr=2026-04-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776905158705, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776905158705, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776905158705, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1253994374069682477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, year='2025', volume='8', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776905156856, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1777355348378, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1255882614297248384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1255882614301442689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1253994383406207430, articleId=1253994381837537726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, language=EN, title=Analytical Model for the Influence of Random Errors in Star Points on the Accuracy of Star Sensors, columnId=1253994375617380656, journalTitle=Flight Control & Detection, columnName=Photoelectric Detection and Guidance Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Star sensor is a high-precision attitude measurement device,and its attitude measurement accuracy plays a decisive role in navigation. In order to analyze the impact of star points'random errors on the accuracy of star sensors,based on the QUEST algorithm,an analytical model for the influence of star points'random errors on the star sensor accuracy is proposed by solving the Wahba problem. The relationship between the random centroid error of star points and the accuracy of star sensors is analyzed using this model. The simulation results show that the uniformity and average distance of star points relative to the detector origin affect the attitude accuracy of star sensors, rather than the field of view. The analytical model reveals the relationship between the star points' random error,the star points position and attitude accuracy. The three-axis attitude solution accuracy of the proposed model is (98.1%,93.3%,96.1%),while that of the empirical model is (58.8%,61.5%,26.9%). The accuracy analysis of star sensors has important guiding significance for the design,calibration,and astronomical navigation of star sensor optical systems.

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星敏感器通过观测恒星进而解算载体的姿态信息,其姿态精度决定了系统的导航精度。为了分析星点随机误差对星敏感器精度的影响,基于QUEST算法,通过求解Wahba问题,提出了星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型。利用该模型分析了星点随机质心误差与星敏感器精度之间的关系,仿真结果表明星点相对于探测器原点的均匀性和平均距离影响了星敏感器的姿态精度,而非星敏感器的视场。解析模型揭示了星点随机误差、星点的位置和姿态精度之间的关系。所提解析模型的三轴姿态解算准确率为(98.1%,93.3%,96.1%),而经验模型的三轴姿态解算准确率为(58.8%,61.5%,26.9%)。星敏感器的精度分析对星敏感器光学系统设计、标定和天文导航具有重要的指导意义。

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汪洪源,男,博士,教授,博士生导师。

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汪洪源,男,博士,教授,博士生导师。

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汪洪源,男,博士,教授,博士生导师。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同星组的姿态误差以及精度, figureFileSmall=bgRcfICYEcRLBYFcS8HEWQ==, figureFileBig=B/7dRjt2CppgX+kikI52bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994417904358300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of star sensors

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参数数值
视场/(°)18×18
像素数2048×2048
像素大小/μm7.4 × 7.4
焦距/mm48
星点随机误差/(″)2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1253994417979855774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

星敏感器的参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
视场/(°)18×18
像素数2048×2048
像素大小/μm7.4 × 7.4
焦距/mm48
星点随机误差/(″)2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1253994418076324768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Distribution characteristics of star points in different star groups relative to the detector center

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
星组径向距离x轴方向距离y轴方向距离
Star team Ⅰ0.13780.0018-0.0219
Star team Ⅱ0.0387-0.0147-0.0093
Star team Ⅲ0.06850.05120.0408
), ArticleFig(id=1253994418160210850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同星组的星点相对探测器中心的分布特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
星组径向距离x轴方向距离y轴方向距离
Star team Ⅰ0.13780.0018-0.0219
Star team Ⅱ0.0387-0.0147-0.0093
Star team Ⅲ0.06850.05120.0408
), ArticleFig(id=1253994418256679844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The attitude accuracy of the star sensor calculated by the proposed model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
星组仿真的星敏感器姿态精度/(″)计算的星敏感器姿态精度/(″)
xyzxyz
Star team Ⅰ1.581.7512.041.621.6212.21
Star team Ⅱ1.911.7048.651.751.6845.59
Star team Ⅲ4.774.4594.964.764.0791.82
), ArticleFig(id=1253994418327983014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994381837537726, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

所提模型计算的星敏感器姿态精度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
星组仿真的星敏感器姿态精度/(″)计算的星敏感器姿态精度/(″)
xyzxyz
Star team Ⅰ1.581.7512.041.621.6212.21
Star team Ⅱ1.911.7048.651.751.6845.59
Star team Ⅲ4.774.4594.964.764.0791.82
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星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型
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汪洪源 1 , 武少冲 1 , 郑循江 2, 3 , 孙朔冬 2, 3 , 叶志龙 2, 3 , 张徐玮 2, 3 , 姚帅 1 , 杨振 4
飞控与探测 | 光电探测与制导技术 2025,8(5): 61-69
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飞控与探测 | 光电探测与制导技术 2025, 8(5): 61-69
星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型
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汪洪源1, 武少冲1, 郑循江2, 3, 孙朔冬2, 3, 叶志龙2, 3, 张徐玮2, 3, 姚帅1, 杨振4
作者信息
  • 1哈尔滨工业大学 空间光学工程研究中心·哈尔滨·150001
  • 2上海航天控制技术研究所·上海·201109
  • 3上海市空间智能控制技术重点实验室·上海·201109
  • 4哈尔滨工业大学 激光空间信息全国重点实验室·哈尔滨·150080
  • 汪洪源,男,博士,教授,博士生导师。

Analytical Model for the Influence of Random Errors in Star Points on the Accuracy of Star Sensors
Hongyuan WANG1, Shaochong WU1, Xunjiang ZHENG2, 3, Shuodong SUN2, 3, Zhilong YE2, 3, Xuwei ZHANG2, 3, Shuai YAO1, Zhen YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001
  • 2Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109
  • 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent Control Technology, Shanghai 201109
  • 4National Key Laboratory of Laser Space Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080
doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.007
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星敏感器通过观测恒星进而解算载体的姿态信息,其姿态精度决定了系统的导航精度。为了分析星点随机误差对星敏感器精度的影响,基于QUEST算法,通过求解Wahba问题,提出了星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型。利用该模型分析了星点随机质心误差与星敏感器精度之间的关系,仿真结果表明星点相对于探测器原点的均匀性和平均距离影响了星敏感器的姿态精度,而非星敏感器的视场。解析模型揭示了星点随机误差、星点的位置和姿态精度之间的关系。所提解析模型的三轴姿态解算准确率为(98.1%,93.3%,96.1%),而经验模型的三轴姿态解算准确率为(58.8%,61.5%,26.9%)。星敏感器的精度分析对星敏感器光学系统设计、标定和天文导航具有重要的指导意义。

星点位置  /  随机误差  /  姿态精度  /  星敏感器  /  QUEST算法

Star sensor is a high-precision attitude measurement device,and its attitude measurement accuracy plays a decisive role in navigation. In order to analyze the impact of star points'random errors on the accuracy of star sensors,based on the QUEST algorithm,an analytical model for the influence of star points'random errors on the star sensor accuracy is proposed by solving the Wahba problem. The relationship between the random centroid error of star points and the accuracy of star sensors is analyzed using this model. The simulation results show that the uniformity and average distance of star points relative to the detector origin affect the attitude accuracy of star sensors, rather than the field of view. The analytical model reveals the relationship between the star points' random error,the star points position and attitude accuracy. The three-axis attitude solution accuracy of the proposed model is (98.1%,93.3%,96.1%),while that of the empirical model is (58.8%,61.5%,26.9%). The accuracy analysis of star sensors has important guiding significance for the design,calibration,and astronomical navigation of star sensor optical systems.

star point position  /  random error  /  attitude accuracy  /  star sensor  /  QUEST algorithm
汪洪源, 武少冲, 郑循江, 孙朔冬, 叶志龙, 张徐玮, 姚帅, 杨振. 星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型. 飞控与探测, 2025 , 8 (5) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.007
Hongyuan WANG, Shaochong WU, Xunjiang ZHENG, Shuodong SUN, Zhilong YE, Xuwei ZHANG, Shuai YAO, Zhen YANG. Analytical Model for the Influence of Random Errors in Star Points on the Accuracy of Star Sensors[J]. Flight Control & Detection, 2025 , 8 (5) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.007
星敏感器是一种高精度的姿态测量设备,通过观测恒星解算载体的姿态,常用于卫星导航。近年来,星敏感器导航技术正由单纯的空间应用逐渐向更广泛的领域发展,被尝试应用于诸如飞机、气球和船只等平台。基于星敏感器的星光制导技术可以提升导航系统的精度和可靠性[1]
测姿精度是星敏感器的一项重要指标,而探测器的暗电子噪声、天空背景噪声以及星点提取算法引入的星点质心随机误差限制了星敏感器的测姿精度[2]。星点提取算法根据观测星点的能量分布提取观测星的位置,而探测器的暗电子噪声和天空背景噪声会影响探测星点的能量分布。暗电子噪声和天空背景噪声具有高斯分布的特点[3],因此星点随机位置误差也呈现高斯分布的特征。
对于单视场的星敏感器,地面和在轨实验表明星敏感器z轴的姿态精度受视场的限制,z轴的姿态误差比x轴和y轴的误差大,z轴姿态误差标准差是x轴和y轴姿态误差标准差的6倍及以上[4]。为了提升星敏感器的z轴姿态精度,研究人员设计了双视场和三视场星敏感器[5-7],通过扩大星敏感器的视场以提高星敏感器z轴的姿态精度。Liebe[8]给出了星敏感器精度的经验模型,该模型表明星敏感器的精度是由观测星的数量、质心误差和星敏感器的视场决定的。该经验模型虽然与实验结果基本吻合,但是并未给出推理过程。Fialho等[9]仿真分析了星敏感器姿态精度、光学系统视场和观测星分布的关系,然而也未给出星敏感器的三轴测姿精度与观测星分布的解析关系。Ramachandran[10]分析了星敏感器精度与观测星分布的关系,从几何意义方面解释了经验模型的合理性,给出的结论与经验模型一致。随着星光制导技术由空间领域向更广泛的近地面空间领域的应用发展,全天时星敏感器成为研发的热点,由于白天天空背景较强,全天时星敏感器只能探测到少量的恒星。当观测星较多时[11],Liebe的经验模型与测量结果较为吻合,然而当星敏感器在恶劣条件下只能观测到几个星点时,Liebe的经验模型将会不准确。
综上,现有的星敏感器精度分析模型并未给出星点随机误差与星敏感器精度的解析推导过程,也没有揭示观测星点、光学系统参数、星点随机误差和星敏感器精度的关系,因此本文提出了一种星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型。首先,分析星敏感器的测量模型;其次,结合QUEST算法求解Wahba问题,提出一种星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型,分析随机质心误差对星敏感器姿态的影响;最后,进行仿真试验分析。
图1所示,星敏感器是一种高精度姿态测量设备,探测器平面的中心为O,(XiYi)为观测星在探测器平面上的理想位置。观测到的星点对应的恒星观测矢量为wi[12],可以表示如下
式中,(XiYi)为观测到的恒星在探测器平面上的实际位置,f为星敏感器的焦距。
惯性坐标系中的导航恒星可以用赤经和赤纬表示为(αiδi),惯性参考系中的恒星矢量vi可以表示为
wivi之间的关系可以表示如下
式中,是星敏感器相对于惯性坐标系的姿态矩阵。
当导航恒星的数量超过两颗时,QUEST算法用于求解式(3)以获得最优姿态矩阵[13]。QUEST算法是解决Wahba问题的一种方法[14],通过求解最小化损失函数得到正交矩阵,如式(4)所示。
探测器噪声、天空背景噪声以及星点提取算法的误差会影响观测星的位置和矢量信息wi,因此由式(4)求解得到的星敏感器矩阵将存在误差。
理想条件下的星敏感器姿态矩阵为,而当观测星的星点位置存在误差时,星敏感器的姿态矩阵为。星敏感器的姿态误差矩阵RΔ定义为
因为矩阵是基于相同的导航星矢量计算得到的,结合式(3),将式(5)变换可以得到
式中,wi是观测星的理想矢量,wi是包含误差的观测星实际矢量。
观测星的矢量wiwi分别表示如下
式中,Δwi =(dxi,dyi,dziT是观测星的矢量误差,(dXi,dYi)是观测星的位置误差。dXi = Xi -Xi和dYi=Yi-Yi是探测器平面上的恒星位置误差。
从式(7)中可以得到3个函数,进而推得观测星的矢量误差Δwi和位置误差(dXi,dYi)的关系,如式(9)所示
函数h1XYf)用作获取恒星矢量误差Δwi和恒星位置误差(dXi,dYi)关系的示例,该函数的偏导数为,观测星矢量误差Δwi的分量如式(10)所示。在式(10)中,第二行的后两项比第一项小得多,因此约等号成立。
星敏感器的视场通常小于20°,观测星的位置(XiYi)和光学系统焦距f的关系如式(11)所示。
进一步,可以推得观测星矢量误差Δwi和位置误差(dXi,dYi)之间的关系,如式(12)所示。
进一步,结合式(6),可以得到观测星的矢量误差Δwi和星敏感器的三轴姿态误差(αβγ)之间的关系。如式(13)所示,QUEST算法通过使损失函数最小,以得到星敏感器的误差矩阵RΔ
由于星敏感器是高精度的姿态传感器,姿态误差矩阵RΔ也是一个很小的量,可以表示为
式中,RxRyRz分别是围绕xyz轴的旋转矩阵[15]α是星敏感器的x轴姿态误差,β是星敏感器的y轴姿态误差,γ是星敏感器的z轴姿态误差。
将式(6)展开,得到
式中,n是观测到的恒星数量。
由式(11)可知,当星敏感器视场小于20°时,X2 +Y2远远小于f2。在式(8)中,对于不同的观测星,zi都近似为1,而xiyi都远远小于1。在式(15)中,βxiαyi远远小于βziαzi,因此忽略βxiαyi的影响,则式(15)的解为
式(16)表明,姿态误差(αβγ)是使函数hαβγ)获取最小值时的最优解。基于式(16),可以推出hαβγ)的偏导数,姿态误差(αβγ)是当3个偏导数等于零时的解,通过整理数据可以得到姿态误差的解如式(17)所示。式(17)的推导过程参考式(附录-1)~式(附录-6)。
式中,γ1γ2的值如式(18)所示。如式(19)~式(21)所示,是dx和dy的平均值,xy的平均值,AB是辅助参数。
xiyi可以按式(22)进行近似计算。
星敏感器的姿态误差与观测星的位置误差有关,姿态误差(αβγ)的解如式(23)所示。式(23)的推导过程参考式(附录-7)。
由于天空背景噪声、星点提取误差、光子噪声、暗电流噪声、放大器和探测器噪声的存在,观测星点存在随机质心误差,恒星位置的随机误差通常在0.05~0.1像素的范围内[12]。由于星点存在随机质心误差(dXi,dYi),探测器上的理想恒星的星点位置(XiYi)对应的实际位置(XiYi)为
式中,(dXi,dYi)是相互独立的高斯分布噪声[12]
由式(12)可知,观测星矢量误差(dxi,dyi)=(dXi,dYi)/f,因此(dxi,dyi)也是互相独立的高斯分布噪声,假设(dxi,dyi)服从的分布为dxi~N(0,σ2)和dyi~N(0,σ2)。当星敏感器的姿态固定时,式(23)中的系数AB是固定值。根据高斯分布的运算规律,结合式(24)和式(23),可以得到星敏感器的三轴姿态误差标准差,即星敏感器三轴姿态精度,如式(25)所示。式(25)的推导过程参考式(附录-7)~式(附录-12)。
式中:σασβσγxyz轴姿态误差的标准差;σασβσγ分别代表xyz轴的姿态精度。
参数B表示星点与探测器原点的平均距离,根据式(25)和式(26),可以得出以下推论。
推论1:当观测到的星点数量相同且星点分布均匀时,接近0。此时,z轴的精度σγ将与星点距原点的平均距离成反比。
推论2:假设观测到的星点数量不变,且星点距原点的平均距离不变。如果星点分布改变,那么值将会改变,此时,xyz轴的精度将随着星点的分布而变化。
这两个推论与经验模型[8]不完全一致,经验模型认为星敏感器的三轴精度与星点无关,而只与星点个数以及光学系统参数有关。
在式(26)中,表示观测星点相对于探测器原点的均匀性,越大,星点的均匀性越差。当星点均匀分布时,都接近0,三轴姿态精度如式(27)所示。在式(27)中,当星点数量足够多且分布均匀时,0.3825Fov可以表示星点的平均距离,此时便对应经验模型[8]
式中,Fov为星敏感器的全视场角。
式(27)为经验模型,其认为星敏感器的精度由单个星点精度、探测星点个数以及视场决定。经验模型表明星敏感器视场越大,z轴的姿态精度越高,该结论在很多实验[4]和仿真中都得到了验证。但是从式(25)到式(27)的推导过程可知,当星点较多时,随着视场的增大,星点离探测器原点的平均距离也增大,这是大视场能够提升星敏感器z轴精度的根本原因。如果视场较大,但是观测的星较少,且分布集中在探测器原点附近,则z轴的精度也不高。很多实验和仿真已经验证了在星点较多时的视场与星敏感器z轴精度的关系,本文专注于揭示星点分布对星敏感器精度的影响,其具有更广泛的意义。
星敏感器的仿真参数如表1所示,星点质心随机误差的标准差设置为2.8″,对应0.089个像素。仿真时,星敏感器的姿态固定,采样频率为5Hz,在3min内采集到1000帧恒星图。模拟的星图如图2所示,其中白色星号代表观测到的恒星,总共有25颗被观测到的恒星。
为了验证推论1和推论2,假设星敏感器在某些情况下只观测到3颗恒星,选择3组恒星分别求解姿态,如图2所示。红色三角形包含3颗观测到的恒星(简称Star teamⅠ),其中星点分布均匀,星点距原点的平均距离较大;绿色三角形包含3颗观测到的恒星(简称Star teamⅡ),其中星点分布均匀,距离原点的平均距离很小;黄色三角形包含3颗观测到的恒星(简称Star team Ⅲ),其中星点分布不均,距离原点的平均距离较大。
用以下参数评估星敏感器精度解析模型的准确性,并且将其与经验模型进行比较。
式中表示通过解析模型计算的三轴姿态误差标准差平均值;为仿真得到的三轴姿态误差标准差平均值。
在仿真过程中,星敏感器的真实姿态是已知的,因此可以计算出星敏感器的姿态误差。共仿真了1000帧星图,不同恒星组获得的姿态误差和姿态精度如图3所示。Star teamⅠ解算的三轴姿态精度为:1.58″,1.75″,12.04″,而Star teamⅢ 解算的三轴姿态精度为:4.77″,4.45″,94.96″,这表明星敏感器的姿态精度不仅与解算的星点数、星敏感器参数有关,还与星点在探测器上的分布有关。
基于式(7)和星敏感器的焦距、星点位置,计算观测星矢量[xiyizi ],并统计星点分布信息,不同恒星组的星点分布信息如表2所示。将星点分布信息代入式(25),计算出的星敏感器精度如表3所示。
根据图3表2表3的统计结果,Star teamⅠ和Star team Ⅱ的星点分布均匀,因此在这两种情况下,x轴和y轴的精度相等。但Star team Ⅱ的星点离中心的距离较近,因此z轴的精度较低,该仿真结果与推论1一致。
根据图3表2表3的统计结果,Star teamⅢ的星点离中心的距离较远,但星点分布不均匀,因此xyz轴的精度仍然很低,该仿真结果与推论2一致。
经验模型[8]表明,无论星点如何分布,三轴姿态精度由星点的误差、星点个数和星敏感器的视场决定,三轴姿态精度都应该是固定值(1.62″,1.62″,13.48″),经验模型的结果与仿真的结果不一致。在仿真中,所提星敏感器精度影响的解析模型的准确率为98.1%,93.3%,96.1%,而经验模型的准确率则为58.8%,61.5%,26.0%,解析模型考虑了星点分布对三轴姿态精度的影响,因此其更准确。
Star team Ⅰ星组可以假设认为是大视场星敏感器观测到的3颗星,而Star team Ⅱ星组可以假设认为是小视场星敏感器观测到的3颗星。Star team Ⅰ和Star team Ⅱ的xy轴精度相当,而Star team Ⅰ的z轴精度要比Star team Ⅱ的z轴精度高,这个结论与经验模型式(27)一致,这证明本文所提的解析模型解释了经验模型的由来,并扩大了经验模型的范围。与经验模型相比,所提的解析模型能够更好地描述星敏感器的精度,揭示星点误差和分布对星敏感器误差的影响机理。
本文分析了星点随机误差对星敏感器姿态精度的影响,提出了一种星点随机误差对星敏感器精度影响的解析模型,一方面为传统经验模型提供了理论依据,另一方面更深层次揭示了星点误差、星点位置和姿态精度之间的关系。本文只分析了随机误差对星敏感器姿态精度的影响,后续将采用本文方法进一步分析星敏感器光学系统误差对星敏感器的影响。由于多视场星敏感器不共用一个探测器,需要依据各视场星敏感器的安装关系转换到一个视场中进行姿态解算,而现有多视场星敏感器种类繁多、系统结构多样,因此本文只对单视场星敏感器进行了姿态精度分析。后续将基于特定的多视场星敏感器,进一步展开多视场星敏感器的精度分析。
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doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.007
  • 首发时间:2026-04-23
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    1哈尔滨工业大学 空间光学工程研究中心·哈尔滨·150001
    2上海航天控制技术研究所·上海·201109
    3上海市空间智能控制技术重点实验室·上海·201109
    4哈尔滨工业大学 激光空间信息全国重点实验室·哈尔滨·150080
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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