Article(id=1253994380050760034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776905158293, onlineDateStr=2026-04-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776905158293, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776905158293, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776905158293, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1253994374069682477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, year='2025', volume='8', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776905156856, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1777355348378, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1255882614297248384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1255882614301442689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, issueId=1253994374069682477, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=53, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1253994380340167013, articleId=1253994380050760034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, language=EN, title=A Method for Judging Characteristic Events of Rocket Flight Based on Vernier Ranging, columnId=1253994380264669540, journalTitle=Flight Control & Detection, columnName=Navigation, Guidance and Control Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem that the telemetry data is easily affected by events and the optical image is easily affected by weather,this paper presents a method for judging the characteristic events of space launches by using external radar data. The method makes use of the feature events when the vernier ranging will have a large measurement error,through the vernier ranging increment difference structure judgment basis,and the detection of its extreme point to complete the judgment. The measured data of eight launches of four types of rockets are experimentally verified and compared with the telemetry data. The results show that the method can accurately detect characteristic events such as rocket stage separation and throwing fairing. The judgment time of stage separation is compared with the telemetry data,and the deviation is within 1s.

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航天发射特征事件判定时,针对遥测数据易受事件影响和光学图像易受天气影响的问题,提出了一种利用雷达外测数据的判定方法。该方法利用特征事件时游标测距会出现较大测量偏差的特点,通过游标测距增量差构造判定依据,检测其极值点而完成判定。对4种类型火箭的8次发射实测数据进行了实验验证,并与遥测数据判定结果进行了对比。结果表明,该方法能准确地检测火箭级间分离和抛整流罩等特征事件,对级间分离的判定时间与遥测数据对比,偏差在1s以内。

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全刚,男,硕士,工程师。

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全刚,男,硕士,工程师。

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全刚,男,硕士,工程师。

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velocity estimation algorithm for ballistic missiles based on orbital prediction[J].Journal of Air Force Early Warning Academy, 2019,33(1):15-19(in Chinese)., articleTitle=Doppler velocity estimation algorithm for ballistic missiles based on orbital prediction, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1253994384752574909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994384773546430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, companyId=1253994384752574909, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=PLA Troop 63623, Jiuquan 732750), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1253994384794517952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, companyId=1253994384752574909, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994391769645588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, language=CN, label=图7, caption=某火箭特征事件光学图像判定结果, figureFileSmall=8taK6fLcJem3C4jkyFR7jg==, figureFileBig=bOh36aK3Lg6j2RtM0XV7+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1253994391866114583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of detection results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
火箭类型特征事件偏差/s
任务1任务2
液体火箭1一、二级分离0.110.2
抛整流罩0.662.2
二、三级分离雷达避盲雷达避盲
液体火箭2一、二级分离0.370.21
抛整流罩2.411.18
二、三级分离0.40.75
固体火箭1一、二级分离0.210.03
二、三级分离0.480.2
三、四级分离丢失目标丢失目标
固体火箭2一、二级分离未检测到0.1
二、三级分离0.010.05
抛整流罩2.30.04
三、四级分离0.930.77
), ArticleFig(id=1253994391979360792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

检测判定结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
火箭类型特征事件偏差/s
任务1任务2
液体火箭1一、二级分离0.110.2
抛整流罩0.662.2
二、三级分离雷达避盲雷达避盲
液体火箭2一、二级分离0.370.21
抛整流罩2.411.18
二、三级分离0.40.75
固体火箭1一、二级分离0.210.03
二、三级分离0.480.2
三、四级分离丢失目标丢失目标
固体火箭2一、二级分离未检测到0.1
二、三级分离0.010.05
抛整流罩2.30.04
三、四级分离0.930.77
), ArticleFig(id=1253994392088412698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of determination of characteristic events of a launch mission by different methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征点理论值/s遥测/s光学/s雷达/s
一、二级分离154.28153.33155153.7
整流罩分离206.68206.79212209.2
上面级分离327.25327.3329326.9
), ArticleFig(id=1253994392155521564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234571887362144, articleId=1253994380050760034, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

某发射任务特征事件不同方法的判定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征点理论值/s遥测/s光学/s雷达/s
一、二级分离154.28153.33155153.7
整流罩分离206.68206.79212209.2
上面级分离327.25327.3329326.9
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一种基于游标测距的火箭飞行特征事件判定方法
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全刚 , 郑国毅 , 李强 , 王龙 , 尹福生
飞控与探测 | 导航制导与控制技术 2025,8(5): 53-60
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飞控与探测 | 导航制导与控制技术 2025, 8(5): 53-60
一种基于游标测距的火箭飞行特征事件判定方法
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全刚, 郑国毅, 李强, 王龙, 尹福生
作者信息
  • 中国人民解放军63623部队·酒泉·732750
  • 全刚,男,硕士,工程师。

A Method for Judging Characteristic Events of Rocket Flight Based on Vernier Ranging
Gang QUAN, Guoyi ZHENG, Qiang LI, Long WANG, Fusheng YIN
Affiliations
  • PLA Troop 63623, Jiuquan 732750
doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.006
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航天发射特征事件判定时,针对遥测数据易受事件影响和光学图像易受天气影响的问题,提出了一种利用雷达外测数据的判定方法。该方法利用特征事件时游标测距会出现较大测量偏差的特点,通过游标测距增量差构造判定依据,检测其极值点而完成判定。对4种类型火箭的8次发射实测数据进行了实验验证,并与遥测数据判定结果进行了对比。结果表明,该方法能准确地检测火箭级间分离和抛整流罩等特征事件,对级间分离的判定时间与遥测数据对比,偏差在1s以内。

雷达  /  游标测距  /  航天发射  /  特征事件测角

In order to solve the problem that the telemetry data is easily affected by events and the optical image is easily affected by weather,this paper presents a method for judging the characteristic events of space launches by using external radar data. The method makes use of the feature events when the vernier ranging will have a large measurement error,through the vernier ranging increment difference structure judgment basis,and the detection of its extreme point to complete the judgment. The measured data of eight launches of four types of rockets are experimentally verified and compared with the telemetry data. The results show that the method can accurately detect characteristic events such as rocket stage separation and throwing fairing. The judgment time of stage separation is compared with the telemetry data,and the deviation is within 1s.

radar  /  vernier ranging  /  space launch  /  feature events
全刚, 郑国毅, 李强, 王龙, 尹福生. 一种基于游标测距的火箭飞行特征事件判定方法. 飞控与探测, 2025 , 8 (5) : 53 -60 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.006
Gang QUAN, Guoyi ZHENG, Qiang LI, Long WANG, Fusheng YIN. A Method for Judging Characteristic Events of Rocket Flight Based on Vernier Ranging[J]. Flight Control & Detection, 2025 , 8 (5) : 53 -60 . DOI: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.006
航天飞行是一个复杂的过程,其间要经过点火、关机、部件分离(助推分离、级间分离、抛整流罩、星箭分离)、姿态调整等特征事件[1]。特征事件的发生是表征火箭飞行状态最直观的体现,是火箭执行预定设计的飞行程序,使其状态或飞行状态发生重大变化的过程[2]。特征事件时间是表征火箭特征动作发生的飞行相对时间[3],是评估火箭飞行状态、载荷入轨的关键判据。在特征事件发生阶段,火箭结构或受应力发生改变,飞行状态也相应发生变化,此时是运载火箭易出异常的阶段[4],也是航天飞行最受关注的重要环节之一。
火箭特征事件实时判定是航天发射的必要任务,可分为自动判定和人工辅助判定。自动判定通过解调遥测数据获取特征事件发生时间,人工辅助判定通过观察火箭实况图像或飞行弹道判定[5]。在某些分离事件中,爆炸螺栓起爆的影响,会造成遥测信号失锁,导致误码率升高[6],或者某些固体火箭尾焰会导致遥测信号衰减而丢失目标[7]。采用图像判别的方法容易受天气影响,当云层较多或规避太阳时,无法拍摄火箭特征事件,同时存在判读精度与判读速度的矛盾[8-9]
针对遥测数据或光学图像判定火箭特征事件存在的缺陷,本文提出了一种火箭飞行特征事件游标测距判定方法,通过游标测距增量差构造判定依据,检测其极值点而完成判定,采用某单脉冲雷达测量数据进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可准确地对火箭飞行中级间分离、抛整流罩等特征事件的发生时间进行判定。
根据电磁波传播时相位与距离的基本关系(即电磁波传播一个波长距离,其相位变化2π弧度),得到游标测距[10]的基本关系
式中,θt)为t时刻雷达回波与发射波的瞬时载波相位差,λ为雷达载波波长。θt)是一个高度模糊的相位值,可以利用目标多普勒频率和回波I/Q测量数据进行相位解模糊[11]。某单脉冲雷达游标测距处理流程如图1所示。
图1中可以看出,对两个相邻的多普勒测量频率ti+1)、ti)进行积分,以得到模糊多普勒相位的整数部分和小数部分[12],从而完成对相位测量的解模糊。这里采用最佳中点估计法求多普勒相位增量
式中,为多普勒相位增量估计值,ti+1)和ti)分别为ti+1ti时刻的多普勒频率测量值,f0为雷达工作频率。
某单脉冲雷达在航天测量中,一般采用应答式或反射式方法跟踪目标,单脉冲测速通过发射一定宽度的单频脉冲信号,根据回波中目标相对于雷达径向运动而产生的多普勒频移,计算得到多普勒速度[13],当火箭在飞行中出现特征事件时,对游标测距的影响主要可表现为以下几种:
1)级间分离时刻,分离前后目标加速度变化较大,应答回波频谱大概率异常,将引起多普勒相位解模糊出错;
2)抛整流罩时,在整流罩伴飞期间,会产生遮挡应答信号现象,引起应答信号衰减或相位变化,导致游标测距出现偏差;
3)分离体伴飞期间,雷达波束内目标不唯一,点频测速因分不清前后两帧中目标的对应关系,从而使得多普勒速度变化较大,导致游标测距测量出现较大偏差。
由以上分析可知,游标测距没有测距闭环能力,遇到特征事件时会出现测距偏差,因此可作为特征事件判定依据。某单脉冲雷达具备实时游标测距功能,基于此,本文提出了一种火箭特征事件的判定方法,定义单位脉冲重复时间内的游标测距增量差为ΔR
式中,RY,i为第i个脉冲时刻的游标测距距离。由上式可知,当火箭处于平稳飞行段时,ΔR ≈ 0,当出现分离或其他特征事件时,ΔR的值将出现较大的变化,通过检测ΔR的变化便可判定特征事件发生的时间。
为验证方法的有效性,对某液体火箭实测数据进行分析,该型火箭由芯一级、芯二级和上面级组成,发射过程中经历了一、二级分离,抛整流罩,上面级分离,姿态变化,星箭分离等特征事件。雷达工作在C频段,采用应答式跟踪,测量数据主要覆盖了级间分离和抛整流罩等特征事件。
一、二级分离时的判定结果如图2(a)所示,该时段对应的回波时频图和相位解缠绕结果如图2(b)和(c)所示。
图2可以看到,分离时刻为153.7s,分离前后箭体的速度和加速度均产生了变化,回波的频谱和相位产生较大变化,导致游标测距结果出现偏差,经过计算其游标增量差后,特征点显现出来。同理,上面级分离时的判定结果如图3(a)所示,该时段回波时频图和相位解缠绕结果如图3(b)和(c)所示。从图3中可以得到上面级分离时刻为326.9s,分离之后,二级伴飞体经过3s后飞出雷达波束,导致在此期间雷达多普勒频谱跳变,因此可以从图3(a)中看到328~329s之间有多个极值点,同时在图3(b)中,328~329s之间出现了2条谱线。
抛整流罩时的判定结果、回波时频图和相位解缠绕结果如图4所示。从图中可以看出,游标测距增量差表征的分离特征比较明显,而时频图和相位解缠绕结果表征的分离特征并不明显,这是由于抛整流罩时,箭体的速度或加速度未发生较大的变化,从而使得回波频谱发生变化较小,如图4(b)所示,且整流罩遮挡应答信号引起的回波相位变化较小,如图4(c)所示。
航天发射中,一般采用遥测数据对飞行特征事件进行判定。为验证方法的适应性,对4种类型运载火箭共8次发射任务进行了统计分析,其中某商业航天固体运载火箭检测判定结果如图5所示。
该型火箭由三级固体和一级液体组成,飞行过程共有4次分离特征事件,从图5中可以看出,本文方法对4次分离事件均检测并判定其发生的相对时刻。对8次发射任务的检测判定结果与遥测数据结果进行对比分析,两种方法的判定时间偏差绝对值结果如表1所示。
表1中可以看出,该方法能有效地对运载火箭分离特征事件进行检测和判定,尤其是在级间分离时,其判定时间与遥测数据的偏差均在1s以内;但在整流罩分离时,其判定偏差超过1s,其原因是在抛罩后,整流罩对应答信号的遮挡需要一定的时间才能够显现出来。
以某液体火箭特征事件检测判定为例,对其遥测数据、光学图像和本文方法的判定结果进行对比分析,该火箭的分离事件遥测判定结果如图6所示。
图6中,CP1_ 04_ twq2为一、二级分离指令的标识码,CP1_ 33_ tk2为上面级分离指令标识码,CP1_ 16_ tffd2为抛整流罩指令标识码,值为1表示执行了分离指令(下同),值为0表示未执行指令,其对应的相对时表示发生时刻。从遥测数据中得到一、二级分离、抛整流罩和上面级分离的相对时分别为153.329s,206.79s和327.3s。采用光学图像进行直观判读时,一般结合飞行理论弹道进行判定,其判定结果如图7所示。
此次飞行过程中,在一、二级分离时刻前,约140~154s,光学望远镜采取了规避太阳措施,导致判定结果存在2s的偏差,如图7(a)所示。从图7(b)和(c)中可以看到,当火箭与光学设备距离较远时,其判定效果变差。采用本文方法的判定结果与其他两种方法的判定结果对比如表2所示。
表2中可以看出,本文的方法与遥测数据结果相差较小,能有效地对特征事件进行检测判定。光学图像由于规避太阳、作用距离有限等原因,其判定存在一定的偏差。
火箭在飞行过程中的级间分离、抛整流罩等特征事件,会引起雷达回波频谱或相位发生变化,由于游标测距与回波的频谱、相位变化相关,这些特征事件会导致游标测距距离产生偏差,本文提出了利用游标测距数据进行火箭特征事件判定方法,通过分析脉冲雷达游标测距距离增量差得到特征事件的判定依据,最后,采用多发火箭实测数据对该方法进行了验证。该方法能有效判定级间分离和抛整流罩等特征事件及其发生时间,可作为航天发射任务指挥决策的另一信息依据。
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2025年第8卷第5期
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doi: 10.20249/j.cnki.2096-5974.2025.05.006
  • 首发时间:2026-04-23
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    中国人民解放军63623部队·酒泉·732750
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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