Article(id=1251457068855668815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, issueId=1251457062706820082, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14106/j.cnki.1001-2028.2025.0256, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749571200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776300216163, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=1759593600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776300216163, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776300216163, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776300216163, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1251457062706820082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, year='2025', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1119', pageEnd='1244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776300214696, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776300327814, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251457537212629591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, issueId=1251457062706820082, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251457537212629592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, issueId=1251457062706820082, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1137, endPage=1144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251457070013296782, articleId=1251457068855668815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, language=EN, title=Theoretical study on the tunneling electroresistance effect of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions, columnId=1251457065399563262, journalTitle=Electronic Components and Materials, columnName=Research & Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Since hafnium-oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions are compatible with the standard CMOS process,they have great application potential in the field of random access memory. The tunneling electroresistance effect in TiN/HZO/Pt ferroelectric tunnel junctions was rigorously analyzed using the Airy function. The theoretical results indicate that: when the bias voltage is high,the tunneling conductance and Tunneling Electroresistance Ratio(TER)will oscillate with both the bias voltage and the thickness of tunneling layer. Physically,the oscillations originate from the interference between the incident and reflected electron waves in the tunneling layer. The theoretical analysis indicates the physical mechanism underlying the experiments in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions. In addition,when the bias voltage is applied to the Pt electrode,there exists negative TER. This phenomenon indicates that the tunneling conductance is not only related to the average height of the barrier,but also associated with the potential structure of the tunneling layer. The present work provides a theoretical method for calculating the tunneling electroresistance effect in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions,and lays a theoretical foundation for the applications of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions in the field of random access memory.

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氧化铪基铁电隧道结因其与CMOS工艺存在良好的兼容性,在随机存储器领域具有巨大的应用潜力。利用Airy函数严格求解了TiN/HZO/Pt铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻问题。研究结果表明:在高偏压区域,隧穿电导和隧穿电致电阻效应随偏压和隧穿层厚度均出现振荡现象。物理上,该振荡现象来源于隧穿层中的入射电子波与隧穿层和右电极界面处的反射电子波产生的干涉效应。阐明了氧化铪基铁电隧道结实验结果中振荡现象的物理机制。此外,当偏压加在Pt电极时,出现了负的隧穿电致电阻效应,表明隧穿电导不仅与平均势垒的高度有关,也与隧穿层的势结构有关。本研究为氧化铪基铁电隧道结在随机存储器领域的应用奠定了理论基础。

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通信作者:方贺男,副教授,博士,主要从事凝聚态物理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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Solid-State Electronics, 2012, 68: 8-12., articleTitle=Effects of applied bias voltage in tunnel junctions with ferroelectric barrier, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251457075893711303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251457075902099912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, companyId=1251457075893711303, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251457075914682826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, companyId=1251457075893711303, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京邮电大学 电子与光学工程学院,江苏 南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251457076023734735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251457076036317649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, companyId=1251457076023734735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251457076044706258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, companyId=1251457076023734735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南京大学 物理学院,江苏 南京 210093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251457080159318597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic structure of the HZO ferroelectric tunnel junction and the corresponding potential energy profile of the tunneling direction.(a)The case for the bias voltage being applied to TiN electrode;(b)The case for the bias voltage being applied to Pt electrode, figureFileSmall=Eks3XTpmBukWJskr6P6tuw==, figureFileBig=ALxTxqE8xFmGt6NhGSTCkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457080268370506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HZO铁电隧道结结构及其隧穿方向电势能示意图。(a)偏压加在TiN电极的情形;(b)偏压加在Pt电极的情形, figureFileSmall=Eks3XTpmBukWJskr6P6tuw==, figureFileBig=ALxTxqE8xFmGt6NhGSTCkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457080478085718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=(a)G;(b)G;(c)TER as functions of bias voltages under different thicknesses of tunneling layer(2-4nm)for the case of the bias voltage being applied to TiN electrode, figureFileSmall=zxVAS6/KTB9gSUkYcF7WPA==, figureFileBig=PYhJTETbViQrN4TdueJJHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457080557777496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=偏压加在TiN电极时,不同隧穿层厚度下(2~4nm)的(a)G;(b)G;(c)TER随偏压的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=zxVAS6/KTB9gSUkYcF7WPA==, figureFileBig=PYhJTETbViQrN4TdueJJHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457082143224414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=(a)G;(b)G;(c)TER as functions of the thicknesses of tunneling layer under different bias voltages(0-5V)for the case of the bias voltage being applied to TiN electrode, figureFileSmall=TN3eFEd4kvLCZzJurPjXdQ==, figureFileBig=TafQnGZ9hdEceg2I74kYSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457082235499103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=CN, label=图3, caption=偏压加在TiN电极时,不同偏压下(0~5V)(a)G;(b)G;(c)TER随隧穿层厚度的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=TN3eFEd4kvLCZzJurPjXdQ==, figureFileBig=TafQnGZ9hdEceg2I74kYSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251457082344551010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=(a)G;(b)G;(c)TER as functions of bias voltages under different thicknesses of tunneling layer(2-4nm)for the case of the bias voltage being applied to Pt electrode. 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Model parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料屏蔽长度(nm)介电常数势垒大小(eV)极化强度(μC/cm2
Pt0.043[9]0.13[9]--
TiN0.169[9]2[9]--
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2--2.3[16]10
), ArticleFig(id=1251457082726232694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194703438200922, articleId=1251457068855668815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料屏蔽长度(nm)介电常数势垒大小(eV)极化强度(μC/cm2
Pt0.043[9]0.13[9]--
TiN0.169[9]2[9]--
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2--2.3[16]10
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氧化铪基铁电隧道结隧穿电致电阻效应的理论研究
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殷玉婷 1 , 方贺男 1 , 马雪丽 1 , 吴奖承 1 , 肖明文 2
电子元件与材料 | 研究与试制 2025,44(10): 1137-1144
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电子元件与材料 | 研究与试制 2025, 44(10): 1137-1144
氧化铪基铁电隧道结隧穿电致电阻效应的理论研究
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殷玉婷1, 方贺男1 , 马雪丽1, 吴奖承1, 肖明文2
作者信息
  • 1南京邮电大学 电子与光学工程学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 2南京大学 物理学院,江苏 南京 210093

通讯作者:

通信作者:方贺男,副教授,博士,主要从事凝聚态物理等方面的研究。E-mail:
Theoretical study on the tunneling electroresistance effect of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Yinting YIN1, Henan FANG1 , Xueli MA1, Jiangcheng WU1, Mingwen XIAO2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
出版时间: 2025-10-05 doi: 10.14106/j.cnki.1001-2028.2025.0256
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氧化铪基铁电隧道结因其与CMOS工艺存在良好的兼容性,在随机存储器领域具有巨大的应用潜力。利用Airy函数严格求解了TiN/HZO/Pt铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻问题。研究结果表明:在高偏压区域,隧穿电导和隧穿电致电阻效应随偏压和隧穿层厚度均出现振荡现象。物理上,该振荡现象来源于隧穿层中的入射电子波与隧穿层和右电极界面处的反射电子波产生的干涉效应。阐明了氧化铪基铁电隧道结实验结果中振荡现象的物理机制。此外,当偏压加在Pt电极时,出现了负的隧穿电致电阻效应,表明隧穿电导不仅与平均势垒的高度有关,也与隧穿层的势结构有关。本研究为氧化铪基铁电隧道结在随机存储器领域的应用奠定了理论基础。

铁电隧道结  /  隧穿电致电阻效应  /  隧穿电导  /  氧化铪  /  铁电存储器

Since hafnium-oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions are compatible with the standard CMOS process,they have great application potential in the field of random access memory. The tunneling electroresistance effect in TiN/HZO/Pt ferroelectric tunnel junctions was rigorously analyzed using the Airy function. The theoretical results indicate that: when the bias voltage is high,the tunneling conductance and Tunneling Electroresistance Ratio(TER)will oscillate with both the bias voltage and the thickness of tunneling layer. Physically,the oscillations originate from the interference between the incident and reflected electron waves in the tunneling layer. The theoretical analysis indicates the physical mechanism underlying the experiments in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions. In addition,when the bias voltage is applied to the Pt electrode,there exists negative TER. This phenomenon indicates that the tunneling conductance is not only related to the average height of the barrier,but also associated with the potential structure of the tunneling layer. The present work provides a theoretical method for calculating the tunneling electroresistance effect in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions,and lays a theoretical foundation for the applications of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions in the field of random access memory.

ferroelectric tunnel junctions  /  tunneling electroresistance effect  /  tunneling conductance  /  HZO  /  ferroelectric memory
殷玉婷, 方贺男, 马雪丽, 吴奖承, 肖明文. 氧化铪基铁电隧道结隧穿电致电阻效应的理论研究. 电子元件与材料, 2025 , 44 (10) : 1137 -1144 . DOI: 10.14106/j.cnki.1001-2028.2025.0256
Yinting YIN, Henan FANG, Xueli MA, Jiangcheng WU, Mingwen XIAO. Theoretical study on the tunneling electroresistance effect of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions[J]. Electronic Components and Materials, 2025 , 44 (10) : 1137 -1144 . DOI: 10.14106/j.cnki.1001-2028.2025.0256
铁电隧道结因其结构简单、高运行速度和高耐久性等优势,在非易失性随机存取存储器中有着重要的应用前景。早在1971年,Esaki等就提出了铁电隧道结的物理概念[1]。典型的铁电隧道结呈三明治结构,由两个电极夹着一层铁电薄膜构成。在此结构中,当隧穿层铁电薄膜的极化方向分别指向两个电极时,铁电隧道结分别呈现高电导(GON)和低电导(GOFF)两种不同的导电状态[2],这种现象被称为隧穿电致电阻效应。利用GONGOFF,定义隧穿电致电阻比(TER)=(GON-GOFF)/GOFF,则TER的大小可以用来表征隧穿电致电阻效应的强弱。
在早期铁电隧道结的研究中,隧穿层大多采用典型的铁电薄膜材料,即钙钛矿氧化物。然而,由于钙钛矿薄膜的材料工艺与标准CMOS工艺并不兼容[3],导致基于钙钛矿薄膜材料的铁电隧道结难以大规模应用于存储器领域。因此,寻找新型铁电隧穿层材料成为铁电隧道结领域重要的研究问题。2011年,Müller等首次发现Hf0.5 Zr0.5O2(HZO)在厚度低于10nm时具有铁电性[4],且该材料可以与CMOS工艺完美兼容。后续的研究发现,当氧化铪薄膜中掺杂其他元素,如Y[5-6]、Al[7]、La[8]时,也均具有铁电性。以上研究表明,氧化铪基薄膜是铁电隧道结隧穿层的优选材料。因此,近年来,氧化铪基铁电隧道结成为了研究热点。2017年,Vargas等制备出结构为TiN/HZO/Pt的铁电隧道结,并证实了该铁电隧道结中存在隧穿电致电阻效应[9]。进一步地,他们还研究了-0.2V到0.2V偏压区域内隧穿电流与偏压的依赖关系。2019年,Yoon等制备了两个不同隧穿层厚度的Pt/Hf0.5 Zr0.5O2/TiN铁电隧道结[10],并分别测量了相应的I-V曲线。通过对I-V曲线的理论拟合,他们发现两个铁电隧道结中存在的TER效应源于直接隧穿物理机制。2023年,Yu等通过低温退火的方式制备了富锆Hfx Zr1-x O2基铁电隧道结[11],并发现在不同电压下,隧穿层均具有优异的铁电性,使得该铁电隧道结实现了高达50的TER;Li等研究了HfAlO薄膜中Al的含量对于HfAlO基铁电隧道结的铁电性能的影响[12],并得到优化的掺杂比例。上述结果表明,氧化铪基铁电隧道结在存储器领域具有巨大的应用潜力。特别地,Long等发现HZO基铁电隧道结的击穿电压高达5V[13],说明氧化铪基铁电隧道结可以应用于高压物理场景。另一方面,Sulzbach等[14]发现,在高偏压区域,TER会随偏压出现振荡变化;Kim等[7]则发现同样在高偏压区域,隧穿电流随偏压、TER随隧穿层厚度均呈现非单调变化现象,上述现象需要在理论上给予解释。综上所述,有必要研究高偏压下氧化铪基铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻效应。
理论上,根据文献[15],铁电隧道结隧穿电导的计算关键在于通过求解隧穿方向势场下的薛定谔方程来得到透射系数。对于铁电隧道结而言,其隧穿层的隧穿方向势场为梯形势,已有文献大多通过Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB)近似方法来处理该问题[1016-17]。然而,在高偏压情形下,WKB近似方法存在局限性。比如,在磁性隧道结中,WKB方法的理论结果虽然能解释隧穿磁电阻(TMR)的变号现象,却无法解释高偏压情形下TMR随偏压的振荡效应。因此,对于高偏压下氧化铪基铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻问题,需要进行严格求解。针对梯形势,可利用Airy函数得到严格解。该方法在磁性隧道结领域已经取得了成功[18],有效解释了TMR在高偏压下的振荡效应。基于此,本文利用Airy函数对氧化铪基铁电隧道结的隧穿电导和TER进行了严格求解,并进一步研究了偏压效应和隧穿层厚度效应。
本文以典型的氧化铪基铁电隧道结,即Pt/HZO/TiN铁电隧道结为研究对象,如图1所示。图1(a)和(b)分别对应偏压加在TiN电极和Pt电极时的情形。其中,d为HZO隧穿层的厚度,V为偏置电压的大小,P为HZO隧穿层的极化强度,箭头的指向为极化强度的方向。接下来,本文利用量子力学散射问题的标准方法来计算该体系的隧穿电导及TER。这里需要指出的是,铁电隧道结的隧穿机制通常认为有三种:直接隧穿、Fowler-Nordheim隧穿和热离子注入隧穿[19-20]。物理上,上述三种隧穿均属于量子力学散射问题,因此均需利用量子散射问题的标准方法来处理。换句话说,Fowler-Nordheim隧穿可视为在高偏压区域的直接隧穿[19-20],而热离子注入隧穿可视为考虑了温度效应的直接隧穿[19-20]。由于仅考虑了零温极限的情况,因此本文的理论结果适用于直接隧穿机制和Fowler-Nordheim隧穿机制。
本文定义δLεL分别为左电极的屏蔽长度和介电常数,δRεR分别为右电极的屏蔽长度和介电常数。根据文献[19]δL(R)L(R)代表金属电极的屏蔽能力。当极化强度指向屏蔽能力大的电极时,铁电隧道结呈现低电导状态;当极化强度指向屏蔽能力小的电极时,铁电隧道结呈现高电导状态。根据文献[15],左电极和右电极的费米能分别为:
为了方便,定义:
则铁电隧道结左电极、隧穿层、右电极的哈密顿量可分别写作:
其中,根据文献[21],两侧电极的ϕx)近似取为无穷远处的静电势,则当极化强度P指向左电极时,ϕx)为:
当极化强度P指向右电极时,ϕx)为:
式中:e为单位电子电荷;ϕ0是铁电隧穿层的势垒大小;σs为单位面积屏蔽电荷的大小。
式中:ε为相对介电常数。
根据量子力学散射问题的标准方法[1822],可以得到如下的透射系数,其中,T为极化强度P指向左电极时的透射系数,T为极化强度P指向右电极时的透射系数:
其中,kLkR分别为:
式中:Ai(z)和Bi(z)为Airy函数;Ai′(z)和Bi′(z)为Airy函数的导数;Ex为电子在隧穿方向的能量。当极化强度P分别指向两边电极时:
式中:←对应上方正负号;→对应下方正负号。
利用透射系数TT以及Landauer-Büttiker公式可得到隧穿电导为:
式中:G是极化强度指向左电极时的隧穿电导;G是极化强度指向右电极时的隧穿电导;Et为电子在垂直隧穿方向平面内的能量。根据TER的定义,对于图1(a)的情形TER =(G-G)/G,;对于图1(b)的情形,TER =(G-G/G
在接下来的理论计算中,根据文献[9]和[16],模型参数选取如表1所示。其中,为了简单,假定极化强度P不随厚度和偏压的变化而改变,并根据典型铁电薄膜极化强度大小取为10 μC/cm2
利用上面的计算方法,本文首先研究图1(a)情形下,即偏压加在TiN电极时,HZO铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻效应。
图2为理论计算的隧穿电导和TER在不同隧穿层厚度下(2~4nm)随偏压的变化曲线。由图2可知,隧穿电导和TER均先随偏压单调增大;当偏压增大至3V附近时,均开始随偏压振荡增大。这是因为:由数值分析可知,在透射系数即公式(9)中,起主要作用的为Ai′(zd←(→))Bi′(z0←(→))、Ai(zd←(→))Bi′(z0←(→))以及Ai′(zd←(→))Bi(z0←(→))这三个乘积项。由公式(12)和(13)可知,当偏压较低时,z0←(→)zd←(→)均为远大于1的正值。此时,随着偏压的增大,z0←(→)zd←(→)单调减小。在当前的区域内,由Airy函数图像可知[23],Ai(zd←(→))和Ai′(zd←(→))随偏压的增大而单调增大,Bi(z0←(→))和Bi′(z0←(→))随偏压的增加而单调减小。
通过进一步的数值分析以及公式(9)可知,三个乘积项随偏压的变化均使得透射系数随偏压的增大而增大。因此,当偏压较低时,隧穿电导随偏压单调增大。
当偏压增大到2.2~2.5V时,zd←(→)由正值转为负值。当偏压进一步增大,即zd←(→)进一步减小时,根据Airy函数图像可知,Ai(zd←(→))和Ai′(zd←(→))会随偏压振荡,而Bi(z0←(→))和Bi′(z0←(→))仍随偏压增加单调减小。
因此,三个乘积项均随着偏压增大而振荡减小,则隧穿电导随着偏压的增加而振荡增大。物理上,在高偏压区域,由图1可知,此时费米面附近的电子会进入隧穿层的导带,从而导致隧穿层波函数具有振荡特性。进一步地,由于其振荡特性,则隧穿层中的入射电子波与隧穿层和右电极界面处的反射电子波产生干涉效应[18]。因此,透射系数随偏压振荡变化。上述解释阐明了文献[7]和[14]的实验中存在振荡现象的物理机制。
另外,从图2(a)和(b)中可以看出,当偏压较低时,G随偏压的相对变化比G更为显著。由公式(12)和(13)可知,当偏压增大时,z0←zd←随偏压的相对变化比z0→zd→更为显著。物理上,这对应于当极化强度指向右(TiN)电极时,隧穿层势函数的斜率随偏压的相对变化比极化强度指向左(Pt)电极时更为显著。因此,由TER的定义可知,当偏压较低时,TER随偏压单调增大。当偏压增大到3V附近时,由于隧穿电导随偏压振荡,则TER也随偏压振荡变化,该理论结果与文献[14]图3(b)的实验结果一致。从图2(a)和(b)中还可以看出,隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度的增加而减小。物理上,根据量子力学隧穿理论可知,电子隧穿的几率随隧穿层厚度的增加显著减弱,从而导致隧穿电导的减小。由图2(c)可知,隧穿层厚度越大则TER越大,这与文献[10]图4(a)的实验结果一致。这是因为,当隧穿层厚度增加时,Ai(zd←)Bi′(z0←)比Ai(zd→)Bi′(z0→)变化得更加显著。从图2中还可以看出,当偏压较高时,隧穿电导和TER的振荡周期均随隧穿层厚度的增加而减小。由公式(12)和(13)可知,隧穿层厚度越大,z0←(→)zd←(→)随偏压变化的越显著,则在Airy函数中,z0←(→)zd←(→)变化一个周期所需偏压的改变越小。
图3为理论计算的隧穿电导和TER在不同偏压(0~5V)下随厚度的变化曲线。在偏压小于3V时,隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度的增加以指数形式衰减。该现象可作如下解释:由公式(12)和(13)可知,z0←(→)zd←(→)d呈幂次变化,又因为Airy函数此时随z0←(→)zd←(→)呈指数变化,进而使得透射系数随隧穿层厚度的增加呈指数衰减。当偏压大于3V时,隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度的增加出现振荡现象。这是由于Airy函数随z0←(→)zd←(→)振荡变化,进而使得透射系数也随隧穿层厚度而振荡。物理上,隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度振荡变化的物理机制与其随偏压振荡的一致,即入射电子波与反射电子波的干涉效应。从图3(c)中可以看出,在偏压小于3V时,TER随隧穿层厚度的增大而显著提高,这与图2(c)的结果一致,原因也相同。当偏压大于3V时,由于隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度振荡,则TER也随隧穿层厚度振荡变化。从图3中还可以看出,偏压越大,隧穿电导和TER随隧穿层厚度振荡的周期越小。这是因为:偏压越大,zd←(→)越小,则由Airy函数图像可知,Airy函数随zd←(→)的振荡周期减小。因此,当偏压增大时,z0←(→)zd←(→)变化一个周期所需厚度的改变就越小。
接下来,本文研究了图1(b)情形下,即偏压加在Pt电极时,HZO铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻效应。
图4为理论计算的隧穿电导和TER在不同隧穿层厚度下(2~4nm)随偏压的变化曲线。与图1(a)情形不同的是,此时隧穿电子入射电极与发射电极的费米能发生了反转,且隧穿层的势函数发生了变化。由图4可知,隧穿电导和TER也先随偏压单调增大,并在高偏压区域出现振荡现象。然而,与图2不同的是,GG的振荡区域差异增大。即与图2相比,G的振荡区域变宽,G的振荡区域变窄。这是因为:由公式(13)可知zd←(→)由正转负的临界电压V←(→)=ϕ0-E/e∓(sδR/ε0εR),即临界电压只与右电极的屏蔽能力(δRR)有关,且右电极的屏蔽能力越强,VV的差异越大。由前可知,Pt电极的屏蔽能力大于TiN,因此,相比于图1(a)的情形,当前VV的差异变大,进而导致GG的振荡区域差异增大。值得注意的是,当隧穿层厚度为2nm时,TER存在负值。负值TER说明此时GG,即隧穿层平均势垒高度较高反而导致隧穿电导更大,表明隧穿电导的大小不仅与平均势垒的高度有关,也与隧穿层的势结构有关。理论上,文献[19][24]也得到了类似的结果,但在氧化铪基铁电隧道结的实验结果中尚未发现负TER现象。因此,负TER现象有待未来的实验来验证。
图5为理论计算的隧穿电导和TER在不同偏压下(0~5V)随隧穿层厚度的变化曲线。由图5可知,在不同偏压下,隧穿电导和TER随隧穿层厚度变化的特性与偏压加在TiN电极的情形类似,即当偏压较小时,隧穿电导随隧穿层厚度增加而指数衰减,TER随隧穿层厚度增加而显著提高,在高偏压区域,隧穿电导和TER均随隧穿层厚度振荡。与图3不同的是,当偏压等于5V时,TER在隧穿层厚度为2~2.3nm的区域为负值。
值得说明的是,本文的定量计算结果是基于TiN/HZO/Pt结构的铁电隧道结,即表1中的参数得到的。因此,定量的理论结果仅适用于TiN/HZO/Pt结构的铁电隧道结。但是,定性的理论结果,比如隧穿电导和隧穿电致电阻效应的振荡现象,不仅适用于TiN/HZO/Pt结构的铁电隧道结,也适用于其他结构的氧化铪基铁电隧道结。根据本文的理论结果,可以通过电极和隧穿层参数以及外加偏压来调控氧化铪基铁电隧道结TER的大小,进而提升基于氧化铪基铁电隧道结的随机存储器的性能。
本文基于量子力学散射问题的标准方法,严格求解了TiN/HZO/Pt铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻问题。由于本文采用了严格处理的方法,所以得到了与传统WKB近似方法不同的理论结果。具体地,在当前的理论结果中,隧穿层电子波函数为Airy函数,因此,透射系数随偏压和隧穿层厚度的变化均与Airy函数的特性有关。由于Airy函数在不同的区域分别呈现指数变化和振荡变化特性,所以隧穿电导在不同的偏压区域也呈现不同的特性:在低偏压区域,隧穿电导随偏压指数增大,而随隧穿层厚度指数衰减;在高偏压区域,隧穿电导随偏压和隧穿层厚度均出现振荡变化现象。物理上,上述理论结果均来源于隧穿层的线性势在不同偏压区域呈现不同的特性:在低偏压区域,隧穿层线性势相当于梯形势垒,从而使得隧穿电导呈指数变化;在高偏压区域,隧穿层线性势同时呈现势垒和势阱特性,从而使得隧穿电导出现振荡现象。相应地,TER在高偏压区域也会出现振荡现象。此外,当偏压加在Pt电极时,TER出现负值,表明隧穿电导的大小不仅与平均势垒的高度有关,也与隧穿层的势结构有关。本文的工作不仅严格处理了铁电隧道结的隧穿电致电阻问题,还解释了氧化铪基铁电隧道结实验中的振荡现象,为氧化铪基铁电隧道结在非易失性随机存取存储器领域的应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。
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2025年第44卷第10期
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doi: 10.14106/j.cnki.1001-2028.2025.0256
  • 接收时间:2025-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-04-16
  • 出版时间:2025-10-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11
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    1南京邮电大学 电子与光学工程学院,江苏 南京 210023
    2南京大学 物理学院,江苏 南京 210093

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通信作者:方贺男,副教授,博士,主要从事凝聚态物理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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