Article(id=1311999169406001570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025085, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=1757952000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-16, acceptedDate=1758038400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-17, onlineDate=1790734577752, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734577752, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734577752, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734577752, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998530802250506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, year='2026', volume='32', issue='4', pageStart='771', pageEnd='998', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734425497, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739498146, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019807097160415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019807097160416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=817, endPage=828, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311999170299388323, articleId=1311999169406001570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, language=EN, title=Tectonic stress field characteristics in Wushi, Xinjiang, and the stress impact of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake, columnId=1311999043648184342, journalTitle=Journal of Geomechanics, columnName=Crustal Stress & Tectonic Stress Field, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The Wushi region in Xinjiang is located at the intersection of multiple tectonic units, characterized by frequent tectonic activity, making it a critical region for stress concentration and release. On January 23, 2024, an M 7.1 earthquake struck Wushi (epicenter: 41.26°N, 78.63°E; depth: 22 km), representing the largest event in this area over the past decade. To better understand the regional seismogenic environment and assess future seismic hazards, this study utilizes comprehensive focal mechanism data to investigate the regional tectonic stress field and quantitatively evaluate the impact of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake on the stress regime.

Methods

Based on 148 focal mechanism solutions (January 1976 to March 2025) compiled from multiple domestic and international institutions, we applied the damped stress tensor inversion method to determine the stress field characteristics across subregions and systematically evaluate changes in the stress field before and after the earthquake.

Results

Stress tensor inversion reveals that the Wushi region is dominated by a compressional stress regime under N–S compression. Except for the area near the Jiashi earthquake cluster where R > 0.5, the azimuth of the maximum principal compressive stress (σ1) gradually rotates from NNW in the south to approximately N–S in the north (azimuth range: 168.75°–183.45°; plunge range: 6.85°–19.58°). The Jiashi seismic cluster exhibits a strike-slip stress regime characterized by NNE–SSW compression and NWW–SEE extension, with thrust faulting dominating to its north and strike-slip faulting to its south. Comparative analysis shows that the optimal σ1 direction adjusted from an azimuth/plunge of 178.91°/6.24° before the earthquake to 167.61°/7.98° after the earthquake, corresponding to an azimuth deviation of 12.53° and a total spatial rotation of 15.06°. This indicates that the mainshock exerted a relatively minor impact on the regional stress field, which remains under the dominant compressional regime.

Conclusions

The tectonic stress field in the Wushi region is driven by the northward collision of the Indian plate against Eurasia, which transmits near-N–S horizontal compression northeastward into the Tianshan orogenic belt, causing crustal shortening and thrusting between the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan Mountains. The M 7.1 earthquake caused only localized adjustments, leaving the overall regional stress regime controlled by deep-seated tectonic processes. Furthermore, the northern Jiashi earthquake cluster, located at the boundary between the northern Tarim plate and the Tianshan Mountains, exhibits a strike-slip stress mechanism, marking a major tectonic transition zone between the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan orogenic belt.

Significance

This study provides a refined characterization of the tectonic stress field in the Wushi region and clarifies the limited impact of the M 7.1 mainshock on regional stress states. These findings deepen our understanding of the tectonic interactions between the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Tarim Basin, providing critical scientific constraints for regional tectonic segmentation and seismic hazard assessment.

, authors=Zeyao SONG1, Yongge WAN1, 2, Peiyuan GU1, Mingyue ZHOU1, authorsList=Zeyao SONG, Yongge WAN, Peiyuan GU, Mingyue ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongge WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Geomechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311999180709650868, articleId=1311999169406001570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, language=CN, title=新疆乌什地区构造应力场特征及乌什7.1级地震对其的影响, columnId=1311999046164766744, journalTitle=地质力学学报, columnName=地应力与构造应力场, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天山造山带与塔里木板块北部边界构造活动频繁,导致新疆乌什地区发育复杂构造变形。2024年1月23日乌什7.1级地震(震中41.26°N,78.63°E,震源深度22 km)是该区域近十年来最大震级事件,为研究区域构造应力场及该地震对其影响提供了有利契机。基于1976年1月至2025年3月来自国内外多家机构发布的148个震源机制解,采用阻尼应力张量反演方法,获取了乌什地区构造应力场状态,并分析了乌什7.1级地震对区域构造应力场的可能影响。结果表明:乌什地区主要受到南北向挤压作用,主压应力轴走向168.77°、倾伏角6.85°,主张应力轴几近垂直,揭示印度板块向北俯冲背景下,塔里木盆地与天山之间的地壳发生缩短和逆冲推覆,整体处于南北向挤压应力环境;乌什7.1级地震使主压应力轴方向由震前的178.91°(倾伏角6.24°)转变为震后的167.61°(倾伏角7.98°),空间旋转角15.06°,但对应力场整体影响较小,区域应力体系仍受深部构造活动的控制;乌什地区应力场虽具整体一致性,但位于塔里木板块北缘与天山交界带的伽师北部震群呈现走滑型应力机制,指示该区域为塔里木盆地与天山造山带的板块构造转换边界。

, authors=宋泽尧1, 万永革1, 2, 顾培苑1, 周明月1, authorsList=宋泽尧, 万永革, 顾培苑, 周明月, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=万永革, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

宋泽尧、万永革负责论文构思、数据分析、研究方法和论文写作;宋泽尧、顾培苑参与数据分析和技术手段的实践应用和绘图;宋泽尧、周明月参与数据分析、研究方法和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意稿件 的提交和发表。

Author’s Contributions

SONG Zeyao and WAN Yongge conceived the study, performed data analysis, designed the research methodology, and drafted the manuscript; SONG Zeyao, WAN Yongge GU Peiyuan participated in data analysis, practical application of technical approaches, and figure generation; SONG Zeyao, WAN Yongge, ZHOU Mingyue were involved in data analysis, refinement of the research methodology, and manuscript revision. All authors have read and approved the submission and publication of the manuscript.

宋泽尧(2001—),男,在读硕士,主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发方面的研究工作。Email:

, correspAuthorsNote=
万永革(1967—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发等方面的研究工作。Email:
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refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵瑞斌, 沈军, 李军, 2001. 1902年新疆阿图什8(1/4)级地震形变特征与发震模式初探[J]. 地震地质, 23(4): 493-500., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311999182404149685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999182450287030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, companyId=1311999182404149685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999182479647159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, companyId=1311999182404149685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1防灾科技学院,河北 三河 065201)]), 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regional strain rate of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake (Fault data from Wu et al., 2024; strain rate data from Wang and Shen, 2020), figureFileSmall=q+jfqWRwey6iFmeUOBjdHQ==, figureFileBig=OQQN++gx2UmAyCeQtx5s0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999196467651037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乌什7.1级地震的构造背景与区域应变率(断裂数据引自Wu et al.,2024,应变率数据引自Wang and Shen,2020)

沙滩球为震中位置;十字箭头表示水平主应变率矢量对,比例尺为 25 × 10−9/a

, figureFileSmall=q+jfqWRwey6iFmeUOBjdHQ==, figureFileBig=OQQN++gx2UmAyCeQtx5s0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999197528809951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution of focal mechanism solutions for the Wushi region, figureFileSmall=3ZTz+w7BtqYH2oAE32EqOw==, figureFileBig=DPs3wOEq8zsy5DKCPhLrww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999197952434656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乌什地区震源机制解分布

不同颜色震源机制解代表不同破裂类型;部分震源机制解因震中密集采用细线引出,细线端点为地震实际震中位置;震源机制解数据来自中国地震台网中心、全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)、德国波茨坦地球科学研究中心(GFZ)、美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)、巴黎地球物理研究所(IPGP)、蔚蓝海岸天文台(OCA)、SC4矩张量系统(SC4)、地震与海啸预测中心(CPPT)数据库

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蓝色十字为最佳阻尼系数

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σ1、σ2和σ3分别代表主压应力轴、中间应力轴和主张应力轴;红点、绿点、蓝点分别代表95%置信度下σ1、σ2、σ3应力轴的不确定范围;黑色加号代表各子区域应力张量最优解;各子区域中间矩形的颜色代表对应单元的应力形因子(R值);黑色实线代表断裂

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σ1、σ2和σ3分别代表主压应力轴、中间应力轴和主张应力轴;红点、绿点、蓝点分别代表95%置信度下σ1、σ2、σ3应力轴的不确定范围;黑色加号代表各子区域应力张量最优解;黑色实线代表断裂

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数字编号对应文献:1—关兆萱等(2024);2—王雪竹等(2025);3—李雨森等(2024);4—柳姣姣等(2025);5—黄旺等(2024);6—赵磊等(2024);7—张喆等(2024);8—能懿菡等(2025)

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Stress field inversion parameters on a 1°×1° grid for the Wushi region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分区σ1轴σ2轴σ3轴R值
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
00192.2525.2440.9661.74287.9311.870.47
01175.6419.58275.0624.7251.5657.600.92
10173.4715.1929.2271.50266.3010.310.92
11169.9417.60263.2810.4022.4869.380.77
20183.4513.0189.6116.13310.5669.050.72
21168.759.23259.947.3027.7478.190.69
22168.776.85259.193.4715.9082.310.64
32176.357.6085.357.47311.3779.310.63
), ArticleFig(id=1311999202943656428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乌什地区1°×1°网格应力场反演参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分区σ1轴σ2轴σ3轴R值
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
00192.2525.2440.9661.74287.9311.870.47
01175.6419.58275.0624.7251.5657.600.92
10173.4715.1929.2271.50266.3010.310.92
11169.9417.60263.2810.4022.4869.380.77
20183.4513.0189.6116.13310.5669.050.72
21168.759.23259.947.3027.7478.190.69
22168.776.85259.193.4715.9082.310.64
32176.357.6085.357.47311.3779.310.63
), ArticleFig(id=1311999203363086829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Inverted stress field parameters before and after the Wushi M 7.1 earthquake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段σ1轴σ2轴σ3轴R值
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
震前180.497.3689.428.20−48.1378.950.79
震后167.967.33−101.801.842.2282.440.58
), ArticleFig(id=1311999205040808431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乌什7.1级地震前后构造应力场反演参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段σ1轴σ2轴σ3轴R值
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
方位
角/(°)
倾伏
角/(°)
震前180.497.3689.428.20−48.1378.950.79
震后167.967.33−101.801.842.2282.440.58
), ArticleFig(id=1311999205191803376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Seismogenic fault plane parameters and stress projections from different studies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号来源走向/(°)倾角/(°)相对剪应力相对正应力
1关兆萱等(2024)244.6246.190.954−0.337
2王雪竹等(2025)240540.856−0.535
3李雨森等(2024)229.3662.420.748−0.599
4柳姣姣等(2025)230670.669−0.690
5黄旺等(2024)230480.931−0.258
6赵磊等(2024)228670.681−0.657
7张喆等(2024)250420.986−0.224
8能懿菡等(2025)230550.857−0.444
), ArticleFig(id=1311999205544124913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999169406001570, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同学者发震断层面参数及应力投影结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号来源走向/(°)倾角/(°)相对剪应力相对正应力
1关兆萱等(2024)244.6246.190.954−0.337
2王雪竹等(2025)240540.856−0.535
3李雨森等(2024)229.3662.420.748−0.599
4柳姣姣等(2025)230670.669−0.690
5黄旺等(2024)230480.931−0.258
6赵磊等(2024)228670.681−0.657
7张喆等(2024)250420.986−0.224
8能懿菡等(2025)230550.857−0.444
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新疆乌什地区构造应力场特征及乌什7.1级地震对其的影响
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宋泽尧 1 , 万永革 1, 2 , 顾培苑 1 , 周明月 1
地质力学学报 | 地应力与构造应力场 2026,32(4): 817-828
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地质力学学报 |地应力与构造应力场 2026 , 32 (4) : 817 -828
新疆乌什地区构造应力场特征及乌什7.1级地震对其的影响
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宋泽尧1 , 万永革1, 2 , 顾培苑1, 周明月1
作者信息
  • 1防灾科技学院,河北 三河 065201
  • 2河北省地震动力学重点实验室,河北 三河 065201
通讯作者:
万永革(1967—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发等方面的研究工作。Email:
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

宋泽尧、万永革负责论文构思、数据分析、研究方法和论文写作;宋泽尧、顾培苑参与数据分析和技术手段的实践应用和绘图;宋泽尧、周明月参与数据分析、研究方法和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意稿件 的提交和发表。

Author’s Contributions

SONG Zeyao and WAN Yongge conceived the study, performed data analysis, designed the research methodology, and drafted the manuscript; SONG Zeyao, WAN Yongge GU Peiyuan participated in data analysis, practical application of technical approaches, and figure generation; SONG Zeyao, WAN Yongge, ZHOU Mingyue were involved in data analysis, refinement of the research methodology, and manuscript revision. All authors have read and approved the submission and publication of the manuscript.

宋泽尧(2001—),男,在读硕士,主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发方面的研究工作。Email:

Tectonic stress field characteristics in Wushi, Xinjiang, and the stress impact of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake
Zeyao SONG1 , Yongge WAN1, 2 , Peiyuan GU1, Mingyue ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, China
  • 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025085
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天山造山带与塔里木板块北部边界构造活动频繁,导致新疆乌什地区发育复杂构造变形。2024年1月23日乌什7.1级地震(震中41.26°N,78.63°E,震源深度22 km)是该区域近十年来最大震级事件,为研究区域构造应力场及该地震对其影响提供了有利契机。基于1976年1月至2025年3月来自国内外多家机构发布的148个震源机制解,采用阻尼应力张量反演方法,获取了乌什地区构造应力场状态,并分析了乌什7.1级地震对区域构造应力场的可能影响。结果表明:乌什地区主要受到南北向挤压作用,主压应力轴走向168.77°、倾伏角6.85°,主张应力轴几近垂直,揭示印度板块向北俯冲背景下,塔里木盆地与天山之间的地壳发生缩短和逆冲推覆,整体处于南北向挤压应力环境;乌什7.1级地震使主压应力轴方向由震前的178.91°(倾伏角6.24°)转变为震后的167.61°(倾伏角7.98°),空间旋转角15.06°,但对应力场整体影响较小,区域应力体系仍受深部构造活动的控制;乌什地区应力场虽具整体一致性,但位于塔里木板块北缘与天山交界带的伽师北部震群呈现走滑型应力机制,指示该区域为塔里木盆地与天山造山带的板块构造转换边界。

构造应力场  /  震源机制解  /  应力场反演  /  新疆乌什地区
Objective

The Wushi region in Xinjiang is located at the intersection of multiple tectonic units, characterized by frequent tectonic activity, making it a critical region for stress concentration and release. On January 23, 2024, an M 7.1 earthquake struck Wushi (epicenter: 41.26°N, 78.63°E; depth: 22 km), representing the largest event in this area over the past decade. To better understand the regional seismogenic environment and assess future seismic hazards, this study utilizes comprehensive focal mechanism data to investigate the regional tectonic stress field and quantitatively evaluate the impact of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake on the stress regime.

Methods

Based on 148 focal mechanism solutions (January 1976 to March 2025) compiled from multiple domestic and international institutions, we applied the damped stress tensor inversion method to determine the stress field characteristics across subregions and systematically evaluate changes in the stress field before and after the earthquake.

Results

Stress tensor inversion reveals that the Wushi region is dominated by a compressional stress regime under N–S compression. Except for the area near the Jiashi earthquake cluster where R > 0.5, the azimuth of the maximum principal compressive stress (σ1) gradually rotates from NNW in the south to approximately N–S in the north (azimuth range: 168.75°–183.45°; plunge range: 6.85°–19.58°). The Jiashi seismic cluster exhibits a strike-slip stress regime characterized by NNE–SSW compression and NWW–SEE extension, with thrust faulting dominating to its north and strike-slip faulting to its south. Comparative analysis shows that the optimal σ1 direction adjusted from an azimuth/plunge of 178.91°/6.24° before the earthquake to 167.61°/7.98° after the earthquake, corresponding to an azimuth deviation of 12.53° and a total spatial rotation of 15.06°. This indicates that the mainshock exerted a relatively minor impact on the regional stress field, which remains under the dominant compressional regime.

Conclusions

The tectonic stress field in the Wushi region is driven by the northward collision of the Indian plate against Eurasia, which transmits near-N–S horizontal compression northeastward into the Tianshan orogenic belt, causing crustal shortening and thrusting between the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan Mountains. The M 7.1 earthquake caused only localized adjustments, leaving the overall regional stress regime controlled by deep-seated tectonic processes. Furthermore, the northern Jiashi earthquake cluster, located at the boundary between the northern Tarim plate and the Tianshan Mountains, exhibits a strike-slip stress mechanism, marking a major tectonic transition zone between the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan orogenic belt.

Significance

This study provides a refined characterization of the tectonic stress field in the Wushi region and clarifies the limited impact of the M 7.1 mainshock on regional stress states. These findings deepen our understanding of the tectonic interactions between the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Tarim Basin, providing critical scientific constraints for regional tectonic segmentation and seismic hazard assessment.

tectonic stress field  /  focal mechanism solution  /  stress field inversion  /  Wushi area, Xinjiang
宋泽尧, 万永革, 顾培苑, 周明月. 新疆乌什地区构造应力场特征及乌什7.1级地震对其的影响. 地质力学学报, 2026 , 32 (4) : 817 -828 . DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025085
Zeyao SONG, Yongge WAN, Peiyuan GU, Mingyue ZHOU. Tectonic stress field characteristics in Wushi, Xinjiang, and the stress impact of the M 7.1 Wushi earthquake[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2026 , 32 (4) : 817 -828 . DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025085
新疆乌什地处帕米尔高原东部,是塔里木盆地和天山山脉的转换枢纽。区域上,乌什地区位于多个构造单元的交接地带,是应力集中和释放的关键区域,其现今应力场的特征对研究该区板块构造运动状态具有重要意义。南天山构造带地震活动具有高强度、高频度特征,且空间异质性显著(Li et al.,2023),区域构造变形强烈。GPS观测揭示,帕米尔高原东北部正以20 mm/a的速率经历南北向地壳缩短(崔华伟等,2019;潘正洋等,2020;王子韬等,2020)。受塔里木−天山碰撞和帕米尔构造挤出的双重作用,乌什地区历史上多次发生中强地震,其中以1902年阿图什MW 7.7地震规模最大(Chen et al.,2022),其成因被解释为塔里木与南天山两大块体相向对冲挤压的结果(赵瑞斌等,2001);其余6级以上强震主要集中在南天山的前陆逆冲挤压构造带内(陈庆宇,2022),表现出复杂的地壳变形模式与强震活动机理。早期的构造应力场研究曾揭示,该区地壳应力状态受北西向的挤压应力和近垂直向的拉张应力的共同作用(徐锡伟等,2006)。雷啸宇等(2023)利用全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)目录数据,反演了伽师地震附近(36—45°N,74—82°E)的应力场,其结果将乌什囊括在内,显示主压应力轴倾伏角普遍较小,处于近水平挤压状态,但受限于数据的覆盖范围与精度,以及可能遗漏局部地震信息等局限性,该结果无法捕捉到局部细微的应力变化。
2024年1月23日,乌什发生7.1级地震(震中41.26°N,78.63°E;震源深度22 km)是该区域近十年来最大震级事件。该地震是否改变了地区构造应力场特征,对于完善天山造山带和塔里木盆地的应力场研究具有十分重要的意义。张博譞等(2024)通过实地考察,认为发震断层可能为一条倾向北西的逆冲断层。关兆萱等(2024)基于主震及余震序列震源机制解的聚类分析,确定乌什地震发震断层的几何形态为北西向。宋泽尧等(2024)通过计算周边断裂上沿滑动方向上的库仑破裂应力变化,判断发震断层为迈丹断裂,该结论与Guo et al.(2024)基于InSAR技术的观察结果一致。迈丹断裂属于厚皮构造,变形微弱、地震活动稀少,但其近期东段(乌什地区)地震活动增强,需重新评估其潜在风险(Qiu et al.,2024)。
区域构造应力场特征及强震后应力场变化特征,可为揭示区域孕震环境及未来的地震活动性提供科学参考依据(王子韬等,2020)。目前,乌什地区构造应力场的研究仍较为薄弱,尤其缺乏针对乌什7.1级地震前后区域应力场状态变化的系统对比与深入分析。基于此,文章以乌什地区为研究区,采用Hardebeck and Michael(2006)提出的阻尼应力张量时空反演方法,整合多个机构的地震观测数据,通过对比地震前后区域构造应力场的变化,探讨地震对区域应力状态的影响程度,旨在弥补现有研究对该区构造应力场精细刻画不足,以及对乌什7.1级地震区域应力场影响机制认识薄弱等问题。研究结果可为深入揭示区域孕震构造环境、精准评估未来地震活动性提供关键依据,亦能明确该强震是否显著改变了原有区域应力体系,为后续研究中历史应力场模型的适用性判断提供关键约束。
新疆乌什地区位于南天山逆冲构造带与塔里木盆地北缘前陆冲断带的交汇地区(图1)。南天山逆冲构造带现今构造格局受控于印度−欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应,在印度板块以约46 mm/a的速率持续北向挤压的构造体系下(Wang and Shen,2020),已发展为中亚陆内造山带中构造活动最为强烈的地区之一。乌什地区多条活动断裂交汇,迈丹断裂贯穿其中,且周边发育柯坪塔格断裂等重要构造。复杂的断裂构造网络使其成为区域构造应力集中与释放的关键场所。
2024年乌什7.1级地震的发震构造为迈丹断裂,其走向长约400 km,倾角35°~60°,兼具逆冲和左旋走滑分量(Wu et al.,2019)。这种典型的逆冲−左旋走滑复合型运动特征(吴传勇,2016),造成乌什北侧山体持续性差异隆升,并在盆地边缘诱发一系列褶皱−逆冲构造变形。Guan et al.(2025)反演结果表明,乌什震源区受到了南北向压应力的影响,进一步印证了印度−欧亚大陆碰撞的远场效应。柯坪塔格断裂被西北向左旋走滑皮羌断裂分为东、西2段。Li et al.(2022)基于1998—2020年73个GPS站点的地壳运动速度场数据(欧亚参考框架),获得东段缩短率为1.45±0.31~2.10±0.42 mm/a,西段为2.36±0.23~3.70±0.59 mm/a,表明西段构造活动更为强烈,更易发生地震。此外,天山造山带内部的地壳缩短和隆升活动仍然非常强烈(Wu et al.,2023)。区域应变率显示该区以南北向挤压为主,并通过天山南缘断裂系统的构造传递作用,在乌什地区形成显著的侧向挤压应力累积(Molnar and Stock,2009;Wang and Shen,2020)。伽师震群(39°—40°N,76°—77°E)分为南、北2个震群。南部震群位于塔里木盆地边缘,地壳厚度较薄(40~52 km);北部震群地处天山与塔里木盆地交界的推覆褶皱变形区,地壳厚度较厚(60~76 km)。在39.75°N附近,地壳厚度急剧增大,地壳内部存在明显变形;在76.70°E附近,地壳结构及壳幔界面的深度都存在明显变化(刘启元等,2000;裴顺平等,2002)。
从中国地震台网中心、全球矩心矩张量(GCMT;Dziewonski et al.,1981;Ekström et al.,2012)、德国波茨坦地球科学研究中心(GFZ)、美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)、巴黎地球物理研究所(IPGP)、蔚蓝海岸天文台(OCA)、SC4矩张量系统(SC4)、地震与海啸预测中心(CPPT)数据库,收集了1976年1月1日—2025年3月1日乌什地区≥4.0地震的震源机制解(图2)。通过整合上述多机构数据,可有效降低单一数据源所致的系统性偏差,提升后续应力场反演结果的稳健性。针对同一地震不同机构的多组解,采用万永革(2019)提出的“多个震源机制中心解确定方法”进行统一归并处理,共获得148个震源机制数据。基于万永革(2024)提出的面应变准则,将上述震源机制解划分为5类,各类型数量及占比分别为:正断型6个(4.08%);正走滑型4个(2.72%);走滑型30个(20.41%);逆走滑型16个(10.88%);逆断型92个(61.90%)。统计结果表明,该地区地震活动以逆断型为主,兼有走滑性质地震。
区域构造应力场反演采用Hardebeck and Michael(2006)提出的阻尼应力张量时空反演方法(SATSI;Spatial And Temporal Stress Inversion)。该方法通过引入平滑约束,最小化相邻网格的应力张量差异,消除人为网格划分导致的应力场假性旋转。数值计算和可视化借助Martinez et al.(2014)提供的MATLAB软件包(MSATSI)实现。为确保反演结果的可靠性,设置统一约束参数:每个网格内至少包含5个震源机制解;应力场参数的置信水平设定为95%。MSATSI支持多维应力场反演,通过构建应力张量方程并最小化数据拟合残差与模型长度加权后,输出主应力轴方位角、倾伏角及应力形因子R值(Gephart and Forsyth,1984)。R值的计算公式如下:
$ R=\frac{{\sigma }_{2}-{\sigma }_{1}}{{\sigma }_{3}-{\sigma }_{1}} $
式中,σ1—主压应力;σ2—中间应力,σ3—主张应力。R取值范围为0~1。当R=0时,主张应力轴方位保持稳定,主压应力轴与中间应力轴可在垂直于主张应力轴的平面内自由旋转,二者均表现为挤压作用;当R=0.5时,三轴应力状态相对稳定;当R=1时,主压应力轴方位保持稳定,主张应力轴与中间应力轴可在垂直于主压应力轴的平面内自由旋转,二者均表现为拉张作用(Wan et al.,2016)。
阻尼系数是平衡数据拟合精度与模型空间平滑度的关键参数,其取值直接影响反演结果的稳定性与可靠性。阻尼系数的选取通常依据数据拟合残差与模型长度的折中曲线(Trade-off curve;图3)确定。该折中曲线反应了二者之间相互制衡的关系:当阻尼系数过小时,虽能减小反演残差,但会导致计算得出的应力场结果差异变大(模型长度上升);反之,阻尼系数取值过大,则会导致模型过度简化,反演残差增大(万永革等,2008;崔华伟,2017)。因此,合理选取阻尼系数在应力场反演过程中至关重要(Hardebeck and Michael,2006)。MSATSI软件通过绘制数据拟合残差与模型长度随阻尼参数变化的L曲线,依据最小化数据拟合残差与最大化模型平滑度的准则,自动选取最优阻尼参数。经该准则判定,反演最佳阻尼系数为1.1。该系数可优化反演过程中观测值与理论值之间的权重分配,且在此值附近微小波动对反演结果影响较小,表明所选阻尼参数具有较好的稳定性。
基于获取的148个震源机制,得到区域应力场反演结果(图4)。整体上来看,区域内主压应力(σ1)走向自南向北由北北西向逐渐过渡为南北向,倾伏角普遍较小(6.85°~25.24°),表明主压应力轴相对稳定;主张应力(σ3)走向在空间上呈现出垂直地表的拉张状态。结合应力形因子R值的空间分布特征(图4b,表1)可知,除伽师震群所在的00子区域外,R值从西南到东北呈现逐渐递减的趋势,变化区间为0.63~0.92,表明区域整体以挤压作用为主,主压应力轴较为稳定。该应力场特征与王子韬等(2020)使用GPS观测的应变速率结果基本一致,也与李金等(2015)利用ZMAP程序反演天山地震带应力场得到的南北向挤压结论相符。区域动力学机制上,该区域受到印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞作用,在青藏高原西缘形成强烈的近南北向水平挤压应力。该应力向东北方向传递至天山造山带,导致塔里木盆地与天山之间的地壳发生缩短和逆冲推覆。其中,柯坪断裂东、西段推覆速率差异的研究表明,西段的变形速率明显强于东段(李安等,2016)。这种差异应变造成推覆系统整体沿皮羌断裂发生撕裂。皮羌断裂走向与研究区应力场的主压应力轴走向大致相同,在南北向挤压作用下表现为左旋走滑特征。
值得注意的是,伽师震群所在的00子区域(图4)与其他区域的应力状态不一致。该子区域主压应力轴(σ1)走向192.25°,倾伏角25.24°;主张应力轴(σ3)走向287.93°,倾伏角11.87°;R值为0.47(变化范围0.11~0.91,跨度较大)。震源机制解类型以走滑型为主,同时包含部分正断型和逆断型。采用最优解分析其区域应力场特征,结果显示北北东向挤压和北西西向拉张的走滑应力环境,这与徐锡伟等(2006)的野外考察结果以及崔效锋(2006)采用逐次收敛法反演得到的“以走滑型为主、兼有正断型地震”的观点一致。此外,在39.75°N,76.70°E附近,地壳结构及壳幔界面的深度均存在明显变化。综合上述证据,推断00子区域为塔里木盆地与天山造山带的板块构造转换边界。该认识与李天成等(2026)运用拟合断层方法得到的结论一致。
通过震前与震后应力场特征的对比分析,可揭示2024年乌什7.1级地震是否对区域应力场产生显著影响。为保证2次反演均具有足够的震源机制数据,选取乌什7.1级地震及余震主要分布区(78—80°E,41—43°N;对应图4中22、32子区域)分别进行震前与震后应力场反演,结果见图5及表2。震前应力场反演结果显示:主压应力轴走向180.49°,倾伏角7.36°;中间应力轴走向89.42°,倾伏角8.2°;主张应力轴走向−48.13°,倾伏角78.95°;以上各参数均与图4中22、32子区域的全时段反演结果基本一致。该一致性主要归因于震前地震事件在32子区域分布较为密集,使得该子区域震前应力场与全时段平均应力场高度吻合。
震后构造应力场表现为:主压应力轴走向167.96°,相对震前偏转12.53°,倾伏角7.33°,变化仅0.03°;中间应力轴走向−101.80°,相对震前偏转11.22°,倾伏角1.84°,变化仅6.36°。该结果表明,此次地震对各应力轴仅造成了轻微的影响。采用万永革(2019)2个震源机制的空间旋转角的计算程序,对震前与震后11子区域内构造应力场进行空间旋转角计算,发现震后相对于震前的空间旋转角发生了15.06°的旋转。但由于该旋转角度较小,并未改变应力场的整体挤压性质,应力场仍处于南北向挤压所控制的大背景中。从应力积累与释放的角度分析,在南北向主压应力的持续作用下,发震断层迈丹断裂长期处于应力累积状态;震前该断裂带及其周边区域的应力场保持相对稳定,受控于南北向挤压的构造格局。迈丹断裂属于厚皮构造,其构造活动受到深部刚性块体相互作用的严格约束,难以产生较大的应力场方向改变。因此,震后观测到的应力轴旋转,可解释为在厚皮构造的刚性框架内,地震事件对局部应力场的轻微扰动,其幅度受制于南北向挤压所形成的区域构造应力格局。综上,乌什7.1级地震引起的空间旋转角较小,不足以对区域原有的应力体系造成影响。
在乌什地区应力场特征方面,主张应力轴走向范围为−48.63°~15.9°,呈现显著离散性。该现象可归因于主张应力轴倾伏角接近直立:在此状态下,走向变化主要体现为绕垂直轴的旋转,尽管走向波动范围较大,但轴线的空间三维指向仍保持近似垂直。同样,对比乌什7.1级地震前后的应力场,震前主张应力轴走向为−48.13°(倾伏角82.44°),震后为2.22°(倾伏角78.95°),走向虽变化明显,但二者均保持高倾伏角特征,故其空间方位的实际变化不大。此外,R值作为描述3个主应力相对大小的参数,其微小波动即可引起垂直于地表的主张应力轴走向角的大范围变化。
为验证上述结论的准确性,需从地球动力学意义角度讨论。在天山山脉隆升、各断层逆冲活动的构造背景下,乌什地区应力场特征反映了天山山脉和塔里木盆地板块之间的碰撞挤压作用,致使乌什地区处于挤压应力环境。该挤压应力场控制着发震断层的活动方式,以逆冲或逆走滑运动为主;长期的挤压作用进一步导致地壳缩短、增厚,形成褶皱山脉、推覆构造等地质构造形态。就伽师震群而言,北部震群以逆冲为主,处在天山块体与塔里木块体交界处,受二者挤压作用,发育众多逆断层和褶皱地貌,地表隆起显著,地壳明显增厚;南部震群以走滑为主,反应塔里木块体内部的深部走滑应力状态。上述分段特征与区域挤压应力场的整体结论相一致。
为进一步佐证“乌什7.1级地震事件对区域构造应力场影响较小”的结论,将不同学者给出的发震断层面(表3)分别投影至由万永革(2020)方法所确定的构造应力场上,计算其相对剪应力与正应力,结果见图6。投影结果显示,张喆等(2024)给出的发震断层面的相对剪应力最大为0.986,这是由于构造应力场南北向主压应力轴与发震断层面的走向夹角约为82.39°,且发震断层面倾角约为42°,接近最优破裂方位(45°),从而承受最大相对剪应力;同时相对正应力较小(−0.224),呈现明显挤压状态。在投影的8个发震断层面中,相对剪应力介于0.669~0.986,多数接近1;相对正应力介于−0.224~−0.690,均显示挤压状态。该结果表明研究区应力场为挤压应力体系,且地震前后并未改变这一原有的构造应力背景,与前述结论相一致。
(1)乌什地区主压应力的走向主要呈现北北西、南北向,倾伏角普遍较小(6.85°~25.24°);主张应力整体呈现出东西向拉张状态,R值普遍大于0.5,表明区域应力结构以逆断型为主。在印度板块向北俯冲的过程中,塔里木盆地与天山造山带之间的地壳发生缩短和逆冲推覆,整体处于南北向挤压应力环境,且这种挤压应力具有一定的整体性。仅局部区域(图4中00子区域)存在应力场空间差异:受伽师南部震群影响,该区表现为东南向拉张应力背景,呈现走滑应力特征,与乌什地震所在的逆断型局部应力场形成显著区别。结合区域构造背景推断,伽师北部震群可能处于塔里木盆地与天山造山带的板块构造转换边界。
(2)乌什7.1级地震对区域应力场产生局部扰动,震后主压应力轴走向较震前偏转约12.53°,空间旋转角约为15.06°,偏转幅度较小,表明震区受到此次地震的影响较小。迈丹断裂属厚皮构造,受深部构造活动影响,乌什地震仅为局部应力释放事件,难以改变该区域原有的应力体系,整体仍维持南北向挤压的基本应力框架。这一应力体系的稳定性特征,为后续相关研究工作的延续性开展提供了关键前提与科学基础。基于震前建立的应力场反演模型、构造活动动力学分析框架等,可在震后研究中继续沿用。

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doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025085
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
  • 修回日期:2025-09-16
  • 录用日期:2025-09-17
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    1防灾科技学院,河北 三河 065201
    2河北省地震动力学重点实验室,河北 三河 065201

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万永革(1967—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发等方面的研究工作。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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