Article(id=1311999042796740626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=1770134400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-04, acceptedDate=1770220800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-05, onlineDate=1790734547565, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734547565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734547565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734547565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311998530802250506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, year='2026', volume='32', issue='4', pageStart='771', pageEnd='998', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734425497, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739498146, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019807097160415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019807097160416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, issueId=1311998530802250506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=829, endPage=841, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311999045686616087, articleId=1311999042796740626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, language=EN, title=Mechanical property prediction and 3D modeling via statistical regression and prestack inversion: a case study from the Bonan Sag, columnId=1311999043648184342, journalTitle=Journal of Geomechanics, columnName=Crustal Stress & Tectonic Stress Field, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Unconventional oil and gas development is frequently hindered by complex reservoir structures and unquantified rock mechanical properties. To optimize horizontal well trajectories and hydraulic fracturing designs—thereby expanding the stimulated reservoir volume, mitigating casing deformation risks, and ensuring efficient production—high-resolution rock mechanical models are essential. This study proposes an integrated workflow combining statistical regression and 3D prestack seismic inversion to accurately characterize the vertical and lateral variations of rock mechanical parameters in target zones.

Methods

Using core test results and well log data, quantitative empirical relationships were established between elastic attributes and rock mechanical properties. A 3D prestack seismic inversion was subsequently performed using integrated drilling and seismic datasets to extract precise elastic parameters, including compressive wave velocity, bulk density, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus.

Results

The workflow was applied to tight glutenite reservoirs in the Bonan Sag, yielding three key findings: (1) Young's modulus demonstrated a strong correlation (e.g., R2 > 0.75) with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) . In these low-porosity glutenites, rock mechanics are primarily governed by lithology and gravel content rather than burial depth, justifying a unified prediction model. (2) By integrating well logging and a time-depth velocity field, a depth-domain structural framework was established. Attribute extraction and property modeling generated a continuous 3D volume of rock mechanical parameters, bridging the spatial gaps inherent in discrete log and core measurements. (3) The resulting 3D mechanical volume provides critical input for hydraulic fracturing optimization. It enables precise profiling along horizontal wellbores, rational stage and cluster spacing, pumping parameter optimization, and improved fracture conductivity, thereby maximizing single-well productivity.

Conclusions

Integrating prestack seismic inversion with statistical regression offers a robust approach for 3D geomechanical characterization in heterogeneous tight glutenites. This methodology successfully bridges the gap between petrophysics and seismic geophysics, resolving key uncertainties in complex unconventional plays.

Significance

This study provides a practical and scalable framework for predicting 3D rock mechanical properties. The findings offer a reliable data foundation for defining mechanical boundaries and optimizing stimulation treatments in heterogeneous unconventional reservoirs.

, authors=Bin WANG, Han XIAO, Xuemin NIU, Ruixuan ZHANG, Xing GE, authorsList=Bin WANG, Han XIAO, Xuemin NIU, Ruixuan ZHANG, Xing GE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Han XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Geomechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311999101017874693, articleId=1311999042796740626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, language=CN, title=基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法研究——以渤南洼陷某工区为例, columnId=1311999046164766744, journalTitle=地质力学学报, columnName=地应力与构造应力场, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前在非常规油气开发中存在着储层结构复杂、岩石力学特性不明确等问题。在水平井的井轨迹及压裂方案设计过程中,通常需要依靠岩石力学模型进行段簇划分与设计,从而增大改造体积,降低套变风险,实现非常规油气高效开发。岩石力学模型在井轨迹靶区能够同时在纵向及横向上以较高分辨率体现力学参数的连续变化,因此面向模型需求,提供了一种基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法。首先,基于岩芯试验数据及测井资料,建立弹性参数与岩石力学参数的定量关系并加以分析。其次,利用钻井资料及地震资料开展三维叠前反演,获取精确的纵波速度、密度、泊松比和杨氏模量等弹性参数。最后,根据定量关系计算出单轴抗压强度数据体,并利用测井数据及时间域平滑速度场构建深度域构造模型,提取相关属性后进一步建立目的区块的三维力学参数模型。模型和实际数据表明研究成果表征了岩石力学参数的三维空间变化特征,可为该区后续的油气勘探开发提供可信的基础数据与理论依据,具有较强的理论创新与实际应用价值。

, authors=王彬, 肖汉, 钮学民, 张睿璇, 葛星, authorsList=王彬, 肖汉, 钮学民, 张睿璇, 葛星, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖汉, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

王彬、肖汉负责论文构思、数据分析、研究方法和论文写作;张睿璇、钮学民参与数据分析和技术手段的实践应用和绘图;王彬、葛星参与数据分析、研究方法和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意稿件的提交和发表。

Author’s Contributions

WANG Bin and XIAO Han conceived the study, performed data analysis, designed the research methodology, and drafted the manuscript; ZHANG Ruixuan and NIU Xuemin participated in data analysis, practical application of technical approaches, and figure generation; WANG Bin and GE Xing were involved in data analysis, refinement of the research methodology, and manuscript revision. All authors have read and approved the submission and publication of the manuscript.

王彬(1997—),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地球物理勘探综合研究工作。Email:

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖汉(1993—),男,副研究员,主要从事地震叠前反演、各向异性基础理论、裂缝及地应力预测等研究。Email:
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(a) Linear relationship with Young's modulus; (b) Linear relationship with P-wave velocity; (c) Linear relationship with Poisson's ratio; (d) Nonlinear relationship with Young's modulus

, figureFileSmall=5hRNB4FlyaYO7jqeNftsKA==, figureFileBig=VwKAbQ637zpjHNarTg5FNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999120865321279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Seismic cross-section of Young's modulus, figureFileSmall=bqJnVgHFFII3hsKO/6wJnA==, figureFileBig=ranEsy+p989q/a3IhExlcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999121175699777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=图4, caption=杨氏模量地震剖面图, figureFileSmall=bqJnVgHFFII3hsKO/6wJnA==, figureFileBig=ranEsy+p989q/a3IhExlcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999121251197250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Seismic cross-section of uniaxial compressive strength, figureFileSmall=Tir4JBiKC+LVXlvYZ620oA==, figureFileBig=FHvBt4PRfHU0uK0MmLKcEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999121578352963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=图5, caption=单轴抗压强度地震剖面图, figureFileSmall=Tir4JBiKC+LVXlvYZ620oA==, figureFileBig=FHvBt4PRfHU0uK0MmLKcEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999121674821956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Depth-domain structural framework model, figureFileSmall=zrUKLI2hY7fySpEtHlnLyw==, figureFileBig=bz3Rewi7fOMsHKojV8VE6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999122048115013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=图6, caption=深度域构造模型

X、Y—大地坐标系,X指示南北方向,Y指示东西方向;Z—垂直埋深,负号指以地表为基准面的向下埋深

, figureFileSmall=zrUKLI2hY7fySpEtHlnLyw==, figureFileBig=bz3Rewi7fOMsHKojV8VE6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999122467545414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=3D rock mechanical property models, figureFileSmall=SxejC85FWK7tMM8kECEl6w==, figureFileBig=FyfdaK24oQtVB8gQkpVF+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999122555625799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=图7, caption=力学参数属性模型

X、Y—大地坐标系,X指示南北方向,Y指示东西方向;Z—垂直埋深,负号指以地表为基准面的向下埋深

, figureFileSmall=SxejC85FWK7tMM8kECEl6w==, figureFileBig=FyfdaK24oQtVB8gQkpVF+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999122857615688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Simulation results of hydraulic fractures, figureFileSmall=BiEgyOGqlZIHs6V+ova/YQ==, figureFileBig=t4qnnQUIwLZa8Zbc/Ov0+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999122937307465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=图8, caption=水力裂缝模拟效果图

图中的数字1~21为裂缝模拟结果的段簇划分编号;X、Y—大地坐标系,X指示南北方向,Y指示东西方向;Z—垂直埋深,负号指以地表为基准面的向下埋深

, figureFileSmall=BiEgyOGqlZIHs6V+ova/YQ==, figureFileBig=t4qnnQUIwLZa8Zbc/Ov0+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999123356737866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Representative core test data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩芯
序号
深度/m抗压强
度/MPa
密度/
(g/cm3)
泊松比杨氏模
量/MPa
纵波速
度/(m/s)
34612.3792.430.08020.6873912.225
13784.9332.350.24815.4803718.661
53797.1302.450.2937.9623223.363
83788.8152.50.17725.2533207.832
93370.0542.530.10015.8003464.137
183378.1502.550.19021.1004167.546
133374.0372.580.24014.0004100.432
193381.0872.420.13022.5003236.335
), ArticleFig(id=1311999123713253707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

部分岩芯试验数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩芯
序号
深度/m抗压强
度/MPa
密度/
(g/cm3)
泊松比杨氏模
量/MPa
纵波速
度/(m/s)
34612.3792.430.08020.6873912.225
13784.9332.350.24815.4803718.661
53797.1302.450.2937.9623223.363
83788.8152.50.17725.2533207.832
93370.0542.530.10015.8003464.137
183378.1502.550.19021.1004167.546
133374.0372.580.24014.0004100.432
193381.0872.420.13022.5003236.335
), ArticleFig(id=1311999124115906892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Regression statistics and analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标杨氏模量与
抗压强度
纵波速度与
抗压强度
泊松比与
抗压强度
$ R $0.8707540.1185600.697835
$ {R}^{2} $0.7582130.0140560.486973
$ {R_{\text{a}}}^{2} $0.717915−0.1502670.401469
标准误差13.13431026.52263319.132003
SSR3245.81434960.1745432084.673812
MSR463.6877648.596363292.667687
F-统计量18.8152120.0855425.695308
P值0.6551990.8210270.003008
), ArticleFig(id=1311999124585668941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385891987619962, articleId=1311999042796740626, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

回归统计及方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标杨氏模量与
抗压强度
纵波速度与
抗压强度
泊松比与
抗压强度
$ R $0.8707540.1185600.697835
$ {R}^{2} $0.7582130.0140560.486973
$ {R_{\text{a}}}^{2} $0.717915−0.1502670.401469
标准误差13.13431026.52263319.132003
SSR3245.81434960.1745432084.673812
MSR463.6877648.596363292.667687
F-统计量18.8152120.0855425.695308
P值0.6551990.8210270.003008
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基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法研究——以渤南洼陷某工区为例
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王彬 , 肖汉 , 钮学民 , 张睿璇 , 葛星
地质力学学报 | 地应力与构造应力场 2026,32(4): 829-841
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地质力学学报 |地应力与构造应力场 2026 , 32 (4) : 829 -841
基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法研究——以渤南洼陷某工区为例
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王彬(1997—),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地球物理勘探综合研究工作。Email:

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王彬(1997—),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地球物理勘探综合研究工作。Email:

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王彬 , 肖汉 , 钮学民, 张睿璇, 葛星
作者信息
  • 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司物探研究院, 山东 东营 257022
通讯作者:
肖汉(1993—),男,副研究员,主要从事地震叠前反演、各向异性基础理论、裂缝及地应力预测等研究。Email:
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

王彬、肖汉负责论文构思、数据分析、研究方法和论文写作;张睿璇、钮学民参与数据分析和技术手段的实践应用和绘图;王彬、葛星参与数据分析、研究方法和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意稿件的提交和发表。

Author’s Contributions

WANG Bin and XIAO Han conceived the study, performed data analysis, designed the research methodology, and drafted the manuscript; ZHANG Ruixuan and NIU Xuemin participated in data analysis, practical application of technical approaches, and figure generation; WANG Bin and GE Xing were involved in data analysis, refinement of the research methodology, and manuscript revision. All authors have read and approved the submission and publication of the manuscript.

王彬(1997—),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地球物理勘探综合研究工作。Email:

Mechanical property prediction and 3D modeling via statistical regression and prestack inversion: a case study from the Bonan Sag
Bin WANG , Han XIAO , Xuemin NIU, Ruixuan ZHANG, Xing GE
Affiliations
  • Geophysical Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257022, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025084
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目前在非常规油气开发中存在着储层结构复杂、岩石力学特性不明确等问题。在水平井的井轨迹及压裂方案设计过程中,通常需要依靠岩石力学模型进行段簇划分与设计,从而增大改造体积,降低套变风险,实现非常规油气高效开发。岩石力学模型在井轨迹靶区能够同时在纵向及横向上以较高分辨率体现力学参数的连续变化,因此面向模型需求,提供了一种基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法。首先,基于岩芯试验数据及测井资料,建立弹性参数与岩石力学参数的定量关系并加以分析。其次,利用钻井资料及地震资料开展三维叠前反演,获取精确的纵波速度、密度、泊松比和杨氏模量等弹性参数。最后,根据定量关系计算出单轴抗压强度数据体,并利用测井数据及时间域平滑速度场构建深度域构造模型,提取相关属性后进一步建立目的区块的三维力学参数模型。模型和实际数据表明研究成果表征了岩石力学参数的三维空间变化特征,可为该区后续的油气勘探开发提供可信的基础数据与理论依据,具有较强的理论创新与实际应用价值。

岩石力学参数  /  统计回归  /  叠前反演  /  弹性参数  /  地质模型
Objective

Unconventional oil and gas development is frequently hindered by complex reservoir structures and unquantified rock mechanical properties. To optimize horizontal well trajectories and hydraulic fracturing designs—thereby expanding the stimulated reservoir volume, mitigating casing deformation risks, and ensuring efficient production—high-resolution rock mechanical models are essential. This study proposes an integrated workflow combining statistical regression and 3D prestack seismic inversion to accurately characterize the vertical and lateral variations of rock mechanical parameters in target zones.

Methods

Using core test results and well log data, quantitative empirical relationships were established between elastic attributes and rock mechanical properties. A 3D prestack seismic inversion was subsequently performed using integrated drilling and seismic datasets to extract precise elastic parameters, including compressive wave velocity, bulk density, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus.

Results

The workflow was applied to tight glutenite reservoirs in the Bonan Sag, yielding three key findings: (1) Young's modulus demonstrated a strong correlation (e.g., R2 > 0.75) with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) . In these low-porosity glutenites, rock mechanics are primarily governed by lithology and gravel content rather than burial depth, justifying a unified prediction model. (2) By integrating well logging and a time-depth velocity field, a depth-domain structural framework was established. Attribute extraction and property modeling generated a continuous 3D volume of rock mechanical parameters, bridging the spatial gaps inherent in discrete log and core measurements. (3) The resulting 3D mechanical volume provides critical input for hydraulic fracturing optimization. It enables precise profiling along horizontal wellbores, rational stage and cluster spacing, pumping parameter optimization, and improved fracture conductivity, thereby maximizing single-well productivity.

Conclusions

Integrating prestack seismic inversion with statistical regression offers a robust approach for 3D geomechanical characterization in heterogeneous tight glutenites. This methodology successfully bridges the gap between petrophysics and seismic geophysics, resolving key uncertainties in complex unconventional plays.

Significance

This study provides a practical and scalable framework for predicting 3D rock mechanical properties. The findings offer a reliable data foundation for defining mechanical boundaries and optimizing stimulation treatments in heterogeneous unconventional reservoirs.

rock mechanical parameters  /  statistical regression  /  prestack inversion  /  elastic parameters  /  geological model
王彬, 肖汉, 钮学民, 张睿璇, 葛星. 基于统计回归和叠前反演的力学参数预测及建模方法研究——以渤南洼陷某工区为例. 地质力学学报, 2026 , 32 (4) : 829 -841 . DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025084
Bin WANG, Han XIAO, Xuemin NIU, Ruixuan ZHANG, Xing GE. Mechanical property prediction and 3D modeling via statistical regression and prestack inversion: a case study from the Bonan Sag[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2026 , 32 (4) : 829 -841 . DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025084
目前中国东部的非常规油气勘探开发已进入中后期,实现增产难度不断加大,必须深入挖掘并高效利用岩石力学资料,深化储层分析研究,使有利区域的评价结果更可靠准确(刘建伟等,2016)。渤南洼陷页岩油储层具有非均质性强、黏土矿物含量高、有机质成熟度低、原油流动性差等特点(王雨菡等,2019),且岩石力学参数研究薄弱,目前“水平井+分段压裂”开发技术使得页岩油产量得到一定突破,但仍存在高产井少、经济开采难度大的问题,需要力学参数预测指导后续分段压裂等综合评价(Wu et al.,2024)。
岩石力学参数是指描述岩石在外力作用下力学行为的物理性质,包括杨氏模量、泊松比、抗压强度等(曹正林等,2009)。这些参数是进行储层地应力场模拟(廖志毅等,2016)、裂缝发育机制分析(Ye et al.,2022)以及工程甜点优选的关键因素。岩石力学参数与地下岩石特性密切相关(Shakeri et al.,2024),开展岩石力学参数定量分析是非常规油气精准勘探与高效开发的必要环节。
目前,岩石力学参数的测定方法主要分为静态法和动态法(归榕和万永平,2012;边会媛等,2015)。静态法是在实验室内对岩样进行加载使其变形,然后测量其横向应变与纵向应变来计算得到静态力学参数(葛洪魁等,1994)。动态法是通过地球物理测井资料测定声波在岩样中的传播速度,借助物理方程转换后得到各岩石力学参数值(王少鹤,2011),学者们统一将该方法预测的弹性力学参数称为动态参数。单钰铭和刘维国(2000)通过测试相同应力、温度条件下的砂泥岩力学及声波速度后获得其动、静力学参数;江进等(2007)采用岩石超声波测试方法结合岩石物理力学方法获得了样本的动、静力学参数;张超等(2024)则进一步考虑了应变率的变化,建立了能反映动、静载荷条件的岩石强度准则与统计损伤本构模型,提升了不同载荷条件下岩石变形破坏过程的模拟能力。对于致密砂岩样本,边会媛等(2015)通过试验确定了储层条件下致密砂岩动、静态弹性参数之间的转换关系;李凯等(2016)借助岩石力学特征建立了岩石动、静态弹性参数转换模型,为钻井方案设计提供理论支持。国外学者也做了相关研究,Olsen et al.(2008)分析了白垩岩在干燥与饱含水的不同状态下动、静态杨氏模量大小关系;Bakhorji and Schmitt(2009)则探究了引起动、静态力学参数差异的因素;Bhuiyan et al.(2013)分别对砂岩、泥岩进行了动、静态力学参数测试,并总结了不同岩性对动、静态力学参数的影响规律;Brotons et al.(2014)则研究了钙质岩在不同温度下的动、静态力学参数的关系。这些研究表明,岩石力学参数在动、静态转换上已经有了丰富的成果,在应用时可根据实际情况来获取。在工程应用中,一般采用动态法来获取储层岩石的力学参数(李凯等,2016;熊力坤等,2016)。在水力压裂改造设计、地应力建模(陈勉,2004)、井壁稳定性分析(卢运虎等,2023)与压裂裂缝预测(李琼等,2017)等力学问题分析时,通常采用静态力学参数。
上述研究工作通常是基于岩芯和测井资料进行的,无法构建支撑开发工作需要的三维模型。针对这一现状,文章通过统计回归和叠前反演建立起岩石力学参数预测及建模方法。该方法利用实验室测得的岩芯数据,借助统计回归这一数学工具开展岩石力学参数关系分析,建立起岩石力学参数与地震弹性参数的数学定量关系;并以渤南洼陷某工区内测井和三维地震数据资料为基础,通过叠前反演获得纵波速度体、密度体、杨氏模量及泊松比等弹性参数的三维数据体,借助定量关系式计算抗压强度,利用测井数据、时间域速度场构建深度域构造模型,并进一步建立区域上的三维力学参数模型。
力学参数的研究主要包括对杨氏模量、泊松比、抗压强度等岩石自身的力学性质及通过测井资料得到的各岩石力学参数开展的分析研究,并以二者之间的定量关系来搭建起岩石力学参数与地震弹性参数之间的计算桥梁。
目前,利用钻井取芯获得岩芯样品,并将其加工成试验岩样,在实验室内使用专业设备(图1)开展岩芯压裂试验(单轴/三轴压缩试验)。
岩石的弹性参数包括杨氏模量、体积模量、泊松比等。岩石的力学参数包括抗压强度(单轴抗压强度和三轴抗压强度)、抗拉强度、抗剪强度等。在试验过程中,岩石会经历弹性阶段、蠕变阶段与破裂阶段。试验可得出应力−应变全曲线(图2)。
对应力−应变曲线的弹性阶段进行处理,应力与应变的比值即为岩石的杨氏模量;径向应变与轴向应变的比值为泊松比。从数据图中可以进一步计算出抗压强度、泊松比、杨氏模量、内摩擦角等数据。当对试验岩芯增加动态围压后,得出的是三轴压缩试验的应力−应变曲线。借助摩尔圆可以得出内摩擦角与内聚力大小。这些岩石力学参数反映了岩石在压裂过程中的力学性质变化,在指导水平井工程压裂设计中作用显著。
静态参数的测量是在实验室中通过对岩石样品施加多方向的压力进行的,该过程是低频率、高载荷的。而通过声波测井和地震资料,也可以获得连续的杨氏模量、泊松比、纵波速度和横波速度等参数曲线。该过程是高频率、低载荷的,因此即使是相同名称的参数,如杨氏模量、泊松比等,其值也与静态参数有所出入,无法直接服务于工程施工,需进行动、静态参数的转换。
实现动、静态参数转换的过程是将静态参数如杨氏模量、泊松比数据与同样深度的测井数据进行拟合分析,建立定量转换公式。测量结果来自不同储层、不同埋深、不同岩性的岩样,具有显著离散性和非线性特征,且数据量小、相关性差,因此引入统计回归工具开展研究。其中典型方法有线性回归(简单线性回归与多元线性回归)、非线性回归、贝叶斯方法(王黎明等,2008),通过计算参数间的均值、方差等量化数据离散程度,提高数据可靠程度,并通过相关性分析量化参数间的线性或非线性关系拟合优度。线性回归方法具有原理清晰、数据需求低、计算效率高的特点,经对比后选择该方法分析获取的实验试验数据。
多元线性回归的基本思想为如果因变量$ y $是通过多个自变量$ {x}_{1},{x}_{2},\cdots ,{x}_{\text{m}} $来进行预测的随机变量,则可建立$ m $元线性回归模型:
$ y={c}_{0}+{c}_{1}{x}_{1}+{c}_{2}{x}_{2}+\cdots {c}_{\text{m}}{x}_{\text{m}}+\varepsilon $
式中,$ {c}_{0},{c}_{1},\cdots ,{c}_{\text{m}} $—待估参数;$ \varepsilon $—随机误差,且可通过SPSS、Python、MATLAB等软件做非线性或线性回归分析,得出回归系数。回归预测模型是否可用于实际预测,可利用回归平方和、残差平方和来衡量模型的实测值和拟合值之间的偏差,偏差越小,说明预测效果越好。
回归方程的总平方和(SST)是观测值与观测值均值之差的平方和,反映了数据的波动幅度;残差平方和(SSE)是模型拟合后观测值与预测值之差的平方和,反映了除去$ y $与$ {x}_{1},{x}_{2},\cdots ,{x}_{\text{m}} $之间线性关系以外的因素引起的$ y $预测值数据的波动,回归平方和(SSR)反映了线性拟合值与其平均值的总偏差(王黎明等,2008),各参数及回归方程的均方和(MSR)和残差均方和(MSE)计算公式如下:
$ SSE=\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}e_{i}^{2}={\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}\left({y}_{i}-{\hat{y}}_{i}\right)}^{2} $
$ SSR={\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}\left({\hat{y}}_{i}-\overline{y}\right)}^{2} $
$ SST={\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}\left({y}_{i}-\overline{y}\right)}^{2} $
$ \overline{y}=\frac{1}{n}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}{y}_{i} $
$ MSR=\frac{SSR}{k-1} $
$ MSE=\frac{SSE}{n-k} $
式中,$ {e}_{i} $—残差;$ {y}_{i} $—实测值;$ {\hat{y}}_{i} $—预测值;$ \overline{y} $—实测值的平均值;$ n $—样本数量;$ k $—回归方程中自变量的数量。
指标$ {R}^{2} $(拟合优度)是用来衡量一个回归模型对观测数据的拟合程度的统计指标。具体来说,$ {R}^{2} $表示因变量(被解释变量)的变异中有多少百分比可以由自变量(解释变量)解释(王黎明等,2008)。$ {R}^{2} $的取值范围在0~1,越接近1表示模型对数据的拟合越好。在简单线性回归中,$ {R}^{2} $可以解释为相关系数的平方,即相关性的平方是拟合优度的度量。而在多元线性回归中,$ {R}^{2} $表示模型所解释的因变量的变异比例:
$ {R}^{2}=1-\frac{SSE}{SST} $
矫正${R}^{2} $(${R_{\text{a}}}^{2} $)可以用于修正$ {R}^{2} $的不足之处,尤其是在多元回归模型中。$ {R}^{2} $衡量了模型对观测数据的拟合程度,但当模型中增加了更多的自变量时,$ {R}^{2} $值有可能会增加,即使这些额外的自变量对解释因变量的贡献较小。这可能导致模型出现过拟合的问题(Loganathan et al.,2022)。$ {R_{\text{a}}}^{2} $通过考虑模型中使用的自变量数量,对$ {R}^{2} $进行了修正。在选择模型时,$ {R_{\text{a}}}^{2} $的使用能够更好地反映模型的质量。其计算方式如下:
$ {R_{\text{a}}}^{2}=1-\frac{\left(1-{R}^{2}\right)\left(n-1\right)}{n-k-1} $
式中变量符号含义同上。
地震反演利用地震资料反求出地下波阻抗或纵/横波速度的分布情况,估算储层参数,进而实现储层预测和油藏描述。叠后地震反演使用全角度叠加的地震资料,缺乏叠前数据所包含的丰富振幅和旅行时信息。叠前地震反演则更推进一步,保留了地震反射振幅(反射系数)随偏移距变化特征(张广智等,2012),能够更可靠地预测地下储层的岩性、物性及流体变化规律(慎国强等,2014)。
弹性参数反演是通过叠前地震数据来得到各种弹性参数,如纵波速度、横波速度、密度、杨氏模量、体积模量、泊松比等。弹性参数反演可以使用复杂的正演模型及反演算法,例如全波形反演和随机优化法,此类算法计算强度大(姚含和徐海,2022);也可选用地震褶积模型和最小二乘反演,该方法计算强度较小。
在进行地震解释前,需要建立基本的岩石物理关系,包括岩石特性和弹性参数间的经验公式、统计关系及理论关系。纵波速度、横波速度和密度是地震反演中最基础的3个参数,在开展反演时,由这3个参数可以计算出地层的反射系数$ R\left(\theta \right) $。Aki和Richards公式(Aki and Richards,1980)给出了叠前分偏移距的反射系数近似公式:
$ R\left(\theta \right)=a\frac{\Delta {V}_{\text{p}}}{\overline{{V}_{\text{p}}}}+b\frac{\Delta \rho }{\overline{\rho }}+c\frac{\Delta {V}_{\text{s}}}{\overline{{V}_{\text{s}}}} $
式中,$ \overline{{V}_{\text{p}}} $、$ \overline{{V}_{\text{s}}} $、$ \overline{\rho } $—反射界面两侧的纵、横波速度和密度的平均值,$ \overline{{V}_{\text{p}}}=\dfrac{{V}_{\text{p1}}+{V}_{\text{p2}}}{2} $,$ \overline{{V}_{\text{s}}}=\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s1}}+{V}_{\text{s2}}}{2} $,$ \overline{\rho }= \dfrac{{\rho }_{1}+{\rho }_{2}}{2} $,Vp1—入射界面纵波速度,Vp2—透射界面纵波速度,Vs1—入射界面横波速度,Vs2—透射界面横波速度,$ {\rho }_{1} $—入射界面密度,$ {\rho }_{2} $—透射界面密度;$ \Delta {V}_{\text{p}} $、$ \Delta {V}_{\text{s}} $、$ \Delta \rho $—界面两侧纵波速度$ {V}_{\text{p}} $、横波速度$ {V}_{\text{s}} $、密度$ \rho $之差,$ \Delta {V}_{\text{p}}={V}_{\text{p2}}-{V}_{\text{p1}} $,$ \Delta {V}_{\text{s}}={V}_{\text{s2}}-{V}_{\text{s1}} $,$ \Delta \rho ={\rho }_{2}-{\rho }_{1} $;$ \theta $—纵波的入射角与纵波的透射角的平均值,$ \theta = \dfrac{{\theta }_{1}+{\theta }_{2}}{2} $,θ1—纵波的入射角,θ2—纵波的透射角;系数$ a=\dfrac{1}{2{\cos }^{2}\theta } $,$ b=\dfrac{1}{2}-2{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}{\sin }^{2}\theta $,$ c=-4{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}{\sin }^{2}\theta $。
利用公式(10)计算出地层反射系数$ R\left(\theta \right) $,并与子波矩阵$ {\boldsymbol{W}}_\theta $褶积运算可得出合成地震记录道集$ \boldsymbol{S}\left(\theta \right) $:
$ \boldsymbol{S}\left(\theta \right)={\boldsymbol{W}}_{\theta}\times R\left(\theta \right) $
该褶积模型可以完成正反演计算。将得到的合成地震道集与原始地震道集比较并计算二者的拟合差,优选出最小拟合差模型。
面向杨氏模量和泊松比预测的反射系数近似公式(Zong et al.,2013)为
$ R\left(\theta \right)=A\frac{\Delta E}{\overline{E}}+B\frac{\Delta \nu }{\overline{\nu }}+C\frac{\Delta \rho }{\overline{\rho }} $
式中,$ \overline{E} $、$ \overline{\nu } $—反射界面两侧的杨氏模量、泊松比的平均值,$ \Delta E $、$ \Delta \nu $—对应界面上下两侧杨氏模量、泊松比的差值,其中系数A、B、C计算公式如下:
$ A=\frac{1}{4{\cos }^{2}\theta }-2{\left(\frac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}{\sin }^{2}\theta $
$ \begin{split} B=&\frac{1}{4{\cos }^{2}\theta }\frac{\left[2{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}-3\right]{\left[2{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}-1\right]}^{2}}{{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}\left[4{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}-3\right]}- \\ & 2{\left(\frac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}{\sin }^{2}\theta \frac{1-2{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}}{3-4{\left(\dfrac{{V}_{\text{s}}}{{V}_{\text{p}}}\right)}^{2}}\end{split} $
$ C=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4{\cos }^{2}\theta } $
式中变量符号含义同上。利用公式(12)可以从地震数据中直接估测杨氏模量和泊松比,进而计算岩石脆性指数。
由于地震反演的目的具有不同的侧重点,由经典Zoeppritz方程演化而来的各种近似方程被学者们加以深入研究,对地震勘探产生了深远的影响。对钻井资料及地震资料处理后,基于地质统计分析的结果,构建地下介质的先验模型,为反演计算提供了一个初始的参考框架;基于贝叶斯理论,将测井数据作为先验信息并与实际地震数据相结合,计算后验概率分布来估计地下介质参数;文章在叠前反演时的目标函数旨在同时最小化地震数据残差和地质模型先验信息偏差,目标函数通用形式表述为
$ \begin{split} E\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right)=&{\left[{\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\mathrm{obs}}}-\boldsymbol{G}\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right)\right]}^{\mathrm{T }}\boldsymbol{C}{\left({\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\mathrm{obs}}}\right)}^{-1}\left[{\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\mathrm{obs}}}-\boldsymbol{G}\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right)\right]+\\& \lambda {\left[\boldsymbol{m}-{\boldsymbol{m}}_{0}\right]}^{\mathrm{T }}\boldsymbol{C}{\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right)}^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{m}-{\boldsymbol{m}}_{0}\right]\end{split} $
式中,$ E\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right) $—目标函数;$ {\boldsymbol{m}}_{0} $—测井数据构建的低频初始模型;$ \boldsymbol{m} $—低频模型参数;$ {\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\mathrm{obs}}} $—实际地震数据;$ \boldsymbol{G}\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right) $—地质模型数据;$ \boldsymbol{C}{\left({\boldsymbol{d}}_{{\mathrm{obs}}}\right)}^{-1} $—地震数据协方差矩阵的逆矩阵;$ \boldsymbol{C}{\left(\boldsymbol{m}\right)}^{-1} $—模型参数协方差矩阵的逆矩阵,涵盖了模型参数的空间结构和变差函数等先验地质信息;$ \lambda $—用于平衡数据残差项和模型先验项权重的正则化参数。
当前生产中使用的叠前三参数同时反演方法是基于地震信号不同角度反射系数与纵、横波速度和密度之间的关系,直接利用叠前道集反演出弹性参数[公式(10)]。为保证反演结果的可靠性,在反演前对使用的共反射点道集(CRP道集)进行质控(根据实际资料叠前道集信噪比、覆盖次数以及偏移距/入射角度综合考虑),有效避免了间接反演的误差累积和传递问题。在计算时,通过反演算法对模型参数进行迭代优化,不断更新纵波速度、横波速度和密度的值,使公式(16)趋于最小化,直至满足预设的收敛条件;通过交会图及相关系数体来监控反演结果与地震数据的匹配度,计算观测数据与反演计算数据之间的残差,分析残差的分布特征和大小,评估反演结果并进一步优化。
通过叠前反演获得的地震弹性参数体,借助上文讨论的弹性参数与岩石力学参数的定量关系,可以计算出岩石力学参数体,有效克服了岩芯及测井数据中力学参数的离散性与不连续性缺点。此外,为充分发挥岩石力学参数体在纵、横向的高分辨率优势,根据工程需要可以进一步将力学参数体的属性采集到三维地质模型中,构建深度域的属性模型。
深度域地质建模基于多学科数据融合与三维空间插值理论,旨在构建高精度、定量化的地下储层精细模型。其建模的基本原理是通过整合地震解释成果、测井资料及地质先验知识,在三维网格框架内表征地质构造、岩相及物性参数的空间分布规律(郑杨和简季,2024)。相较于时间域模型,深度域建模直接以实际地下深度为基准,避免了时间−深度转换过程中速度模型误差的传递(孟凡彬,2020),可以显著提升构造形态与储层空间定位水平,极大增加了地质模型的工程适用性。在建模过程中,采用确定性方法与随机模拟算法相结合(吴志春等,2020),利用地震反演属性与测井数据的空间相关性约束模型趋势,且模型构建时严格遵循地质沉积规律与岩石物理关系,并采用变差函数表征储层属性的各向异性特征,最终形成兼具地质合理性与统计可靠性的三维数字地质体(王功文等,2021),为储层数值模拟与工程决策提供基础。
在应用过程中,三维地质建模可以呈现出逼真的三维动态效果;但针对岩石力学参数的三维分布特征研究方法较少,且在浅层建模实践中,存在着近地表建模精度不高的问题(崔庆辉等,2023)。常规方法是将测井资料计算及三轴抗压试验获得的岩石力学参数,通过高斯插值随机模拟得到其三维分布(曹正林等,2009)。该方法难以表征岩性复杂、储层非均质性强及井点数据不足的区块的三维非均质岩石力学场。针对这一问题,文中采用叠前反演获取岩石力学参数敏感数据体,充分保留地震资料横向连续性好的优势,将其延伸到三维的力学参数模型中。
在建模前期,需要建立精细的三维地质框架,应用局部迭代算法和矢量场算法及断层锯齿化使模拟网格达到更好的正交性,并设置不同的参数控制网格化程度,确保层位的一致性。在区内最新地震解释成果的基础上,对目的层位进行追踪,并利用构造解释成果,建立起构造模型。若是时间域的层位数据,需要借助准确的平滑速度场进行时间−深度转化,并用井分层数据加以校正,得到深度域的层位后继续建模;也可以使用深度域层位直接建立构造模型。在地层格架上将地震属性如杨氏模量、泊松比、孔隙度和渗透率等内插到网格中。内插的基本方法依靠克里金方程组的求解来实现,以分布的期望偏差最小为目的来计算地质模型的确定解(邹艳红等,2017)。
工区位于渤南油田北部,区内地势较洼,环境较为复杂,含油面积大,储量丰富,但岩体非均质性强、储集性能差异大,储层特征及含油性认识有待进一步加深。前期钻井压裂效果不理想,改造段缺少关于可压性的评价优选标准。
文中研究对象为渤南洼陷沙四段致密砂砾岩,其具有高压实、低孔渗的显著特点。根据该区地质沉积模式与储层展布规律进行取样,开展了样品岩芯分析测试120块次,有效识别砂砾岩岩性类型12种,统计分析21口井试油试采数据,开展不同岩性、砾石含量、砾石大小的三轴岩石力学试验36块次。在此基础上,优选10余块能够在平面及纵向上覆盖工程开发的目标层段的代表性岩样进行系统的单轴抗压强度试验。
单轴抗压强度试验主要用于评估岩石的基本力学性质,如强度分级和岩性描述等。研究所涉及的岩芯单轴压缩实验在室温(25°C)、无围压条件下进行,实验操作严格遵循国家标准GB/T 23561.7—2009(国家市场监督管理总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会,2009)相关规范,以获取岩石在表生环境下的基准力学参数。
利用统计回归和叠前反演建立起岩石力学参数的预测及建模方法,可以有效利用区域的地震资料和测井资料,预测工区地下岩石特性和分布,并进一步建立区域上的三维力学参数模型,为下一步区域内的钻井施工和压裂施工提供技术支持。
从不同埋深储层钻孔采样所获取的实际岩芯入手,收集了工区6口井数10块岩样的实验数据(表1)进行分析整理,获取了岩石的力学参数。基于测井资料,获取了弹性参数连续曲线,包括杨氏模量、泊松比等。由于动、静态参数转换公式已经具有成熟的研究基础,故文中重点将建立抗压强度与弹性参数的转换公式。
相关系数$ R $反映因变量与自变量之间整体的线性关系强度,范围为−1~1。$ {R}^{2} $衡量模型拟合优度,范围为0~1。$ R_{a}^{2} $通常略低于$ {R}^{2} $,更适用于多自变量模型,降低过拟合的发生概率。标准误差是回归模型中残差的标准差,值越小模型越精确。这些指标共同评估回归模型的拟合优度和预测精度。F-统计量与P值用于评估回归模型的解释力和显著性。
3组数据的回归统计及方差分析结果如表2所示,从数据中可知:线性拟合及解释最显著的是抗压强度与杨氏模量模型。
从现有数据进行统计回归分析,得出抗压强度与杨氏模量、纵波速度与泊松比的相关关系(图3a—3c)。
其中,非线性关系(图3d)对应的定量关系式如公式(17)所示:
$ \begin{cases} UCS=0.1609{E}^{2}-1.047E+20.793\\UCS=0.0429{E}^{3}-1.6879{E}^{2}+23.036E-69.51\\UCS=11.398{{\mathrm{e}}}^{0.085E}\end{cases} $
式中,$ UCS $—抗压强度,$ E $—杨氏模量。进一步,将密度、泊松比及杨氏模量作为自变量,抗压强度作为因变量进行多元回归分析,得出相关性指数$ {R}^{2} $=0.5785,拟合的关系式如公式(18)所示:
$ UCS=-73.7423\rho -283.1658\nu -1.1214E+302.3516 $
式中,$ \rho $—岩石密度;$ \nu $—泊松比;其余变量符号含义同上。
利用上述岩石力学参数计算流程,再结合实际数据需要,可以得出工区岩石力学参数与弹性参数之间的定量关系。
文章通过统计回归分析,获得了杨氏模量与单轴抗压强度的非线性定量关系式,如公式(17)所示。该关系能实现由叠前反演的杨氏模量体计算单轴抗压强度数据体。若考虑其他变量,在保证精确性的同时也可通过公式(18)计算单轴抗压强度。根据叠前反演获得的杨氏模量三维模型(图4),利用公式(18)计算得到单轴抗压强度的三维模型(图5)。
结合区域地质上的构造模型、储层模型,加以地震速度进行约束,便可得到相应条件下的区域上三维力学参数模型。首先在建立深度域构造模型时,借助平滑三维速度场(图6a)将时间域的目的层位转到深度域(图6b)中,并根据实际的测井中井分层数据(图6c)加以校正,得到高精度的深度域构造模型(图6d);在此基础上,导入叠前反演出的力学参数地震数据体并提取地震属性,得出相应力学参数的属性模型(图7)。
岩石力学模型在水平井轨迹的靶区能够同时在纵向及横向上以较高分辨率体现力学参数的连续变化。在工程中,水平井的井轨迹及压裂方案设计需要借助岩石力学模型进行段簇划分与设计,依据水力裂缝扩展模拟结果(图8)可知,第2、3段的段间距较大,而第3段的应力分布相对均衡,主要通过排量、液量控制裂缝的扩展;第13段在东西方向上地层存在明显应力差异,应选择强化缝内暂堵、提高缝网改造体积。根据模型合理设计压裂方案:加沙强度从1.9 m3/m提高至9.2 m3/m;排量从5 m3/min提高至16 m3/min;改造体积大幅提升,从59.2×104 m3提高至373.5×104 m3。投产试验井取得良好的生产效果,单井日增油7.2 t,自喷时间提高424.7 d、递减率下降29.3%,有效提升了单井产能和采油速度。
研究工区的岩性构成以砂砾岩体为主体,在实际地质条件中,致密砂砾岩普遍呈现出低孔隙度与低渗透率的典型物性特征(边会媛等,2015),这一特性对其力学行为具有显著影响。基于此,研究将核心关注点置于杨氏模量、泊松比等关键岩石物理参数之上,通过构建相应的力学模型来揭示其内在力学响应规律。对于工区发育的泥岩、页岩等其他岩性,由于其岩性特征与砂砾岩存在明显差异,将采用岩石物理分析方法结合曲线交会,系统筛选能够有效表征其力学性质的敏感参数,为后续研究奠定基础。基于试验与理论分析已建立起的抗压强度与杨氏模量、泊松比、密度之间的定量关系模型,文章将该研究思路与方法进一步拓展应用到横波速度、体积模量、拉梅常数、抗剪强度、孔隙度、渗透率等更多岩石物理与力学参数中,构建更为全面的参数间定量关联体系,从而为岩石力学性质在矿产资源开发、地质工程设计等领域的应用(Wu et al.,2024)提供更为系统的理论依据。
文中通过综合运用统计学方法与叠前反演技术,探索岩石力学参数模型的构建思路与实现路径,并将所构建的模型应用于水力压裂改造工程实践中。该研究的核心突破点在于针对试验样本数量有限这一实际制约条件,通过统计学方法建立岩石力学参数与地震弹性参数之间的定量关联模型,同时借助地震反演技术获取地下岩石力学属性在横向空间上的变化规律,实现对地下介质真实状态的精准刻画。未来,当能够获取丰富且充足的试验样本时,将进一步拓展研究维度:①开展复相关分析,重点探究3个及以上因素间的关联性,以揭示多因素交互作用下的参数响应机制;②引入主成分分析法对类型多样的实验数据进行变量重组与降维处理(王黎明等,2008),根据实际研究目标与工程需求,筛选出能够最大限度保留原始信息的关键变量,提升数据处理效率与分析精准度;③运用因子分析法挖掘多变量试验数据中潜藏的内在规律,通过识别那些无法直接观测但对可测变量具有显著影响的潜在因子,定量估计潜在因子对可测变量的作用程度及其相互间的相关性(王黎明等,2008)。
当前工程实践中,对地质模型分辨率的精度要求持续提升,具体表现为需要能够清晰刻画2 m范围内的地层岩性、物性及构造细节。而常规反演方法对薄储层的有效识别厚度通常局限在4 m以上,即便在局部地质条件有利区域,对3 m级储层也仅有一定程度的响应,难以满足精细勘探开发的实际需求。针对这一矛盾,亟需通过算法优化、参数校正及多源数据融合等技术手段,对现有地震反演方法进行系统性改进,引入高精度的波阻抗反演算法,通过提升算法对弱信号的捕捉能力来增强薄地层的响应特征(姚含和徐海,2022);结合测井资料与地震数据进行联合反演,利用测井数据的高纵向分辨率优势弥补地震数据的不足,实现两者的优势互补;同时,采用叠前地震反演技术,充分利用地震波的振幅、相位等多属性信息,提高反演结果的分辨率和可靠性(慎国强等,2014)。通过这些改进手段,重点增强数据采样过程中的信号保真性,以提升对薄层地质体的识别精度与表征能力。
(1)文章研究了一种基于统计回归和叠前反演的岩石力学参数预测及建模方法,通过试验数据拟合与理论分析,构建了岩石力学参数与弹性参数之间的定量关系。在此基础上,利用叠前弹性反演得出的高精度三维弹性参数体,结合已建立的定量关系模型,精确计算得到单轴抗压强度三维数据体,并进一步构建起力学参数的三维地质模型,有效实现了岩石力学参数从一维测井数据到三维空间分布的转换。
(2)基于数学方法,并结合岩石物理试验、测井数据和地震叠前反演,实现了从地震弹性参数反演到力学参数反演的转换,由此得出的应力场结果包含更多的地震横向信息,为储层地质评价中力学特征的精细刻画、水力压裂设计中施工参数的优化选取等工程实践提供了可靠的数据保障。
(3)以渤南洼陷某工区为研究对象,构建了纵、横向高分辨率力学参数模型,为水平井轨迹优化及压裂方案设计提供了科学依据。实践表明,将力学参数模型应用于压裂设计方案的优化过程,能合理开展段簇划分,显著提高单井产能,对推动非常规油气资源的高效开发具有重要理论指导意义与工程应用价值。

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doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025084
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
  • 修回日期:2026-02-04
  • 录用日期:2026-02-05
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    中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司物探研究院, 山东 东营 257022

通讯作者:

肖汉(1993—),男,副研究员,主要从事地震叠前反演、各向异性基础理论、裂缝及地应力预测等研究。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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