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Addressing the key challenges of insulator fault detection in drone-based power inspection scenarios, such as high missed detection rate for small targets, significant interference from complex backgrounds, and insufficient real-time performance, this study proposes an improved YOLOv10n detection model based on multi-scale feature collaborative optimization. By constructing a lightweight adaptive feature extraction network and a hierarchical fusion mechanism of multi-scale semantic enhancement architecture, dynamic deformable grouped convolution and channel recalibration strategies are adopted in the shallow network to enhance the sensitivity to micro-defect features, while a multi-branch dilated convolution pyramid and cross-dimensional attention mechanism are established in the deep network to build cross-scale associations, achieving a collaborative optimization of detection accuracy and computational efficiency. A shape-sensitive InSh-IoU loss function is proposed, which dynamically adjusts the weight coefficient of the bounding box shape to reduce the positioning error of targets with abnormal aspect ratios, enabling more accurate localization of insulators. Verified by a self-built insulator fault dataset, this model maintains real-time detection speed while achieving an average detection accuracy () of 97.12%, an improvement of 2.82% over the baseline model.

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针对无人机电力巡检场景下绝缘子故障检测存在的小目标漏检率高、复杂背景干扰显著及实时性不足等关键挑战,本研究提出一种基于多尺度特征协同优化的改进型YOLOv10n检测模型。通过构建轻量化自适应特征提取网络与多尺度语义增强架构的分层融合机制,在浅层网络采用动态可变形分组卷积与通道重校准策略提升微小缺陷特征敏感性,深层网络则通过多分支空洞卷积金字塔与跨维度注意力机制建立跨尺度关联,实现了检测精度与计算效率的协同优化。提出一种形状敏感的InSh-IoU损失函数,通过动态调整边界框形状权重系数,使长宽比异常目标的定位误差降低,能更好定位绝缘子位置。经自建的绝缘子故障数据集验证,本模型在保持实时检测速度的前提下,平均检测精度()达到97.12%,较基准模型提升2.82%。

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刘庆强(通信作者),博士,副教授,主要研究方向为信号处理、机器学习等。E-mail:
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郑潇栋,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习、机器视觉与缺陷检测。E-mail:

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改进YOLOv10n的绝缘子缺陷检测算法
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刘庆强 1 , 郑潇栋 1 , 刘远红 1 , 钱坤 2
电子测量技术 | 信息技术及图像处理 2026,49(6): 247-256
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电子测量技术 | 信息技术及图像处理 2026, 49(6): 247-256
改进YOLOv10n的绝缘子缺陷检测算法
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刘庆强1 , 郑潇栋1 , 刘远红1, 钱坤2
作者信息
  • 1.东北石油大学电气信息工程学院 大庆 163318
  • 2.大庆油田采油工艺研究院 大庆 163453
  • 郑潇栋,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习、机器视觉与缺陷检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘庆强(通信作者),博士,副教授,主要研究方向为信号处理、机器学习等。E-mail:
Improved YOLOv10n insulator defect detection algorithm
Qingqiang Liu1 , Xiaodong Zheng1 , Yuanhong Liu1, Kun Qian2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
  • 2.Daqing Oilfield Production Technology Institute, Daqing 163453, China
doi: 10.19651/j.cnki.emt.2519177
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针对无人机电力巡检场景下绝缘子故障检测存在的小目标漏检率高、复杂背景干扰显著及实时性不足等关键挑战,本研究提出一种基于多尺度特征协同优化的改进型YOLOv10n检测模型。通过构建轻量化自适应特征提取网络与多尺度语义增强架构的分层融合机制,在浅层网络采用动态可变形分组卷积与通道重校准策略提升微小缺陷特征敏感性,深层网络则通过多分支空洞卷积金字塔与跨维度注意力机制建立跨尺度关联,实现了检测精度与计算效率的协同优化。提出一种形状敏感的InSh-IoU损失函数,通过动态调整边界框形状权重系数,使长宽比异常目标的定位误差降低,能更好定位绝缘子位置。经自建的绝缘子故障数据集验证,本模型在保持实时检测速度的前提下,平均检测精度()达到97.12%,较基准模型提升2.82%。

绝缘子故障检测  /  改进YOLOv10n  /  小目标检测  /  多尺度特征融合  /  形状权重损失函数

Addressing the key challenges of insulator fault detection in drone-based power inspection scenarios, such as high missed detection rate for small targets, significant interference from complex backgrounds, and insufficient real-time performance, this study proposes an improved YOLOv10n detection model based on multi-scale feature collaborative optimization. By constructing a lightweight adaptive feature extraction network and a hierarchical fusion mechanism of multi-scale semantic enhancement architecture, dynamic deformable grouped convolution and channel recalibration strategies are adopted in the shallow network to enhance the sensitivity to micro-defect features, while a multi-branch dilated convolution pyramid and cross-dimensional attention mechanism are established in the deep network to build cross-scale associations, achieving a collaborative optimization of detection accuracy and computational efficiency. A shape-sensitive InSh-IoU loss function is proposed, which dynamically adjusts the weight coefficient of the bounding box shape to reduce the positioning error of targets with abnormal aspect ratios, enabling more accurate localization of insulators. Verified by a self-built insulator fault dataset, this model maintains real-time detection speed while achieving an average detection accuracy () of 97.12%, an improvement of 2.82% over the baseline model.

insulator fault detection  /  improved YOLOv10n  /  small object detection  /  multi-scale feature fusion  /  shape weight loss function
刘庆强, 郑潇栋, 刘远红, 钱坤. 改进YOLOv10n的绝缘子缺陷检测算法. 电子测量技术, 2026 , 49 (6) : 247 -256 . DOI: 10.19651/j.cnki.emt.2519177
Qingqiang Liu, Xiaodong Zheng, Yuanhong Liu, Kun Qian. Improved YOLOv10n insulator defect detection algorithm[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2026 , 49 (6) : 247 -256 . DOI: 10.19651/j.cnki.emt.2519177
  • 海南省自然科学基金(623MS071)
2026年第49卷第6期
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doi: 10.19651/j.cnki.emt.2519177
  • 接收时间:2025-06-23
  • 首发时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23
基金
海南省自然科学基金(623MS071)
作者信息
    1.东北石油大学电气信息工程学院 大庆 163318
    2.大庆油田采油工艺研究院 大庆 163453

通讯作者:

刘庆强(通信作者),博士,副教授,主要研究方向为信号处理、机器学习等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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