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Existing single-stage deep models for traffic accident detection often suffer from high false alarm rates and computational redundancy in highway scenarios, severely limiting their practical deployment. To address these issues, this paper proposes a two-stage traffic accident detection method tailored for highways, following a "stationary vehicle filtering+appearance-based recognition" strategy. In the first stage, YOLO11 and Bot-SORT are integrated to detect and track vehicles, and inter-frame speed analysis is used to identify stationary vehicles as potential accident candidates. In the second stage, an improved model named YOLO-EA is introduced to perform appearance-based detection exclusively on the stationary vehicles, combined with a multi-frame voting mechanism to enhance stability and robustness. Built upon the YOLO11 architecture, YOLO-EA incorporates an EAS-Stem module and an AWD-Conv module. The former enhances edge and contour extraction in the input stage, while the latter improves downsampling efficiency by retaining critical features and reducing computational cost. Experimental results show that YOLO-EA improves Precision, mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 by 10.9%, 3.4% and 2.8% respectively, while reducing parameter count by 21%. On the constructed accident video dataset, the proposed method achieves an accident recognition rate of 81.25%, with a 24.46% reduction in false alarm rate compared to single-stage detection strategies. This method achieves a favorable balance between accuracy and inference efficiency, demonstrating strong potential for real-world deployment.
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现有单阶段深度模型的交通事故检测在高速公路场景中误报率高、计算冗余大,严重制约了实际部署。为此,本文提出一种基于双阶段架构的高速公路交通事故检测方法,采用“静止车辆筛选+外观特征识别”的处理流程。第一阶段结合YOLO11与Bot-SORT,实现对车辆的检测与跟踪,并通过帧间速度分析筛选出疑似事故的静止车辆。第二阶段引入改进模型YOLO-EA,仅对静止车辆执行外观检测,并采用多帧投票机制提高判断稳定性与鲁棒性。YOLO-EA基于YOLO11架构,引入EAS-Stem模块与AWD-Conv模块,前者增强了输入阶段边缘与轮廓的特征提取,后者提升了下采样效率并在保留关键特征同时降低计算负担。实验结果表明,YOLO-EA在Precision、mAP@0.5和mAP@0.5:0.95上分别提升10.9%、3.4%和2.8%,参数量减少21%;在构建的事故视频数据集上,本方法的事故识别率达81.25%,相对于单阶段检测策略误报率降低24.46%。该方法在准确性与推理效率之间实现良好平衡,具备较强的实际部署潜力。
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