电源学报

三元锂电池热失控产气爆炸风险评估研究

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张青松 , 包防卫 , 牛江昊

电源学报 | 故障诊断与可靠性 2026,24(2): 324-332

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电源学报 |故障诊断与可靠性 2026 , 24 (2) : 324 -332

三元锂电池热失控产气爆炸风险评估研究

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牛江昊（1998—　），男，硕士。研究方向：锂电池热失控安全性分析。E-mail：449076343@qq.com。

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牛江昊（1998—　），男，硕士。研究方向：锂电池热失控安全性分析。E-mail：449076343@qq.com。

张青松, 包防卫, 牛江昊

作者信息

中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室，天津　300300

通讯作者:

包防卫（1999—　），男，通信作者，硕士。研究方向：锂电池热失控安全性分析。E-mail：bfw1118@126.com。

作者简介:

张青松（1977—　），男，博士，教授。研究方向：锂电池火灾防控理论与技术。E-mail：nkzqsong@126.com。

牛江昊（1998—　），男，硕士。研究方向：锂电池热失控安全性分析。E-mail：449076343@qq.com。

Study on Risk Assessment of Thermal-runaway Gas Explosion of Ternary Lithium Batteries

Qingsong ZHANG, Fangwei BAO, Jianghao NIU

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

出版时间: 2026-02-28 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.2.324

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摘要

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为研究三元锂离子电池热失控气体爆炸的危险性，利用自主搭建锂电池热失控气体爆炸实验平台，基于风险评估理论对不同荷电状态SOC（state-of-charge）锂电池安全性进行定量评价，将锂电池点燃参数和气体爆炸危险度的乘积表征为热失控气体发生爆炸的概率，以爆炸严重程度表征为气体爆炸所造成的后果，通过实验对热失控气体爆炸风险进行综合评估。实验结果表明，高SOC电池更容易引发热失控且更加剧烈，其热失控气体爆炸范围更广、危险度更大。在爆炸极限内，相同位置节点高SOC电池有着更大的风险，不同SOC电池产生的混合气体随着热失控气体浓度增加，爆炸最高温度、最大压力、最大压力上升速率和爆炸风险均呈现出先增大后减小的变化规律，且在爆炸上下限浓度的中间位置附近，各参数达到最大值。

关键词

锂电池 / 热失控 / 爆炸风险 / 爆炸极限 / 风险评估

Abstract

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To study the explosion risk of thermal-runaway gas of ternary lithium-ion batteries, an experimental platform for the thermal-runaway gas explosion of lithium batteries was independently built. Based on the risk assessment theory, the safety of lithium batteries in different states-of-charge (SOHs) was quantitatively evaluated. The probability of thermal-runaway gas explosion was represented by the product of the ignition parameters of lithium batteries and the risk degree of gas explosion, the result of gas explosion was characterized by the explosion severity, and the risk of thermal-runaway gas explosion was evaluated comprehensively through experiments. Experimental results show that the battery with a high SOC is more likely to cause thermal runaway in a more intense manner, its thermal-runaway gas explosion range is wider, and the corresponding risk degree is greater. Within the explosion limit, the batteries with higher SOCs at the same location have higher risks. With an increase in the thermal-runaway gas concentration in the mixed gas produced by batteries with different SOCs, all the maximum explosion temperature, maximum pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and explosion risk show a changing rule of first increasing and then decreasing, and the parameters reach their maximums near the middle value between the upper and lower explosion concentrations.

Key words

Lithium battery / thermal runaway / explosion risk / explosion limit / risk assessment

引用本文

张青松, 包防卫, 牛江昊. 三元锂电池热失控产气爆炸风险评估研究. 电源学报, 2026 , 24 (2) : 324 -332 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.2.324

Qingsong ZHANG, Fangwei BAO, Jianghao NIU. Study on Risk Assessment of Thermal-runaway Gas Explosion of Ternary Lithium Batteries[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2026 , 24 (2) : 324 -332 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.2.324

基金

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国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点支持项目(U2033204)

参考文献

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2026年第24卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.2.324

接收时间：2023-03-02
首发时间：2026-10-29
出版时间：2026-02-28

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出版历史

收稿日期：2023-03-02
修回日期：2023-07-05
录用日期：2023-10-20

基金

Key Program of the Joint Fund for Civil Aviation Research with National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2033204)

国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点支持项目(U2033204)

作者信息

中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室，天津　300300

通讯作者:

包防卫（1999—　），男，通信作者，硕士。研究方向：锂电池热失控安全性分析。E-mail：bfw1118@126.com。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.2.324

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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