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In a direct current(DC) power transmission system, the stable operation of a valve base electronics(VBE) device is crucial for its safety. However, the traditional methods for detecting the component failures in VBE device circuit boards rely on time-consuming manual inspections or rule-based automation systems, which are often inefficient and limited in the detection accuracy. To address this problem, a method for identifying the component failure areas in VBE boards is proposed in this paper, which uses an enhanced SqueezeNet deep learning model. By incorporating depth-wise separable convolutions and residual connections, the enhanced SqueezeNet model aims to improve the accuracy of component failure detection while reducing the demand for computational resources. Experiments on a VBE board component failure dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods and the standard SqueezeNet model in terms of detection accuracy and computational efficiency, and it achieves an accuracy rate of 95.27%, which is 4.45% higher than that of the standard model. The results of this research not only enhance the efficiency and accuracy of component failure detection in VBE boards, but also provide a novel technical reference for the diagnosis of component failures in similar equipment in power systems.
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在直流输电系统中,换流阀阀基电子 VBE(valve base electronics)设备的稳定运作对维护直流系统安全至关重要。传统的阀基电子设备电路板(VBE板)元件失效检测方法依赖于耗时的人工检查或基于规则的自动化系统,这些方法通常检测效率低下且准确性有限。针对该问题,提出一种基于改进的 SqueezeNet 深度学习模型的VBE 板元件失效区域识别方法。通过引入深度可分离卷积和残差连接,所提改进 SqueezeNet 模型旨在提高元件失效检测的准确性,同时降低计算资源的需求。在VBE板元件失效数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法在元件失效检测准确率和运算效率方面均优于传统方法和标准 SqueezeNet 模型,准确率达到了 95.27%,比原模型高出4.45%。不仅提升了 VBE板元件失效检测的效率和准确性,而且为电力系统中类似设备的元件失效诊断提供了新的技术参考。
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刘隆晨(1987-),男,通信作者,博士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:高压直流输电及换流阀检测试验技术。E-mail: liulongchen@live.cn。 |
杨玥坪(1995-),男,硕士研究生,工程师。研究方向:柔性直流输电技术。E-mail: yangyp0018@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
贾志杰(1984-),男,硕士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:高压直流输电技术。E-mail:jiazj 1854@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
黄宇(1985-),男,硕士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:换流阀及阀控运维技术。E-mail: huangy0033c@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
唐世雄(1990-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:直流输电工程运维技术。E-mail: tangsx3354@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
谭博洋(1992-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:直流输电一次设备运检技术。E-mail: tanby001x@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
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谭博洋(1992-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:直流输电一次设备运检技术。E-mail: tanby001x@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
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谭博洋(1992-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:直流输电一次设备运检技术。E-mail: tanby001x@sc.sgcc.com.cn。
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不同模型的混淆矩阵, figureFileSmall=6b+xCQAKyknlTHRdChfufg==, figureFileBig=z3W6cPjMhmPn3r9eXGXqlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049314285412799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Category-wise test results of different models, figureFileSmall=E5+Fo1XRWn9uRR91QOq/pA==, figureFileBig=VULEAWxFUpSWHCKLbPcYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049314331550144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
不同模型的各类别测试结果, figureFileSmall=E5+Fo1XRWn9uRR91QOq/pA==, figureFileBig=VULEAWxFUpSWHCKLbPcYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049314398659009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Traditional methods for component failure detection, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测技术 | 描述 | 优点 | 局限性 |
| 视觉检查 | 依赖技术人员的经验来识别 元件的外观异常 | 简单直观,无需复杂设备 | 高度依赖检查者经验,可能漏检 微小或内部故障 |
| 电参数测量 | 使用多用电表或专用测试仪器 测量电阻、电流、电压等参数 | 提供定量数据,可评估元件性能 | 需要断开电路进行测量, 无法 实时监测 |
| 功能测试 | 在电路的正常工作条件下测试 其功能 | 在实际工作条件下测试, 模拟元件实际 使用环境 | 对间歇性故障难检测,测试过程 可能复杂 |
| 红外热成像 | 使用红外摄像机检测电路板上 的热点 | 无接触、非侵入式检测,能迅速定位故障 区域 | 无法准确识别故障原因,对环境 温度敏感 |
| 振动分析 | 通过分析设备的振动模式来 诊断故障 | 对机械部件故障(如轴承和齿轮)有效 | 主要用于机械系统,对电子元件 故障检测有限 |
| 声发射分析 | 检测由裂纹或断裂产生的 超声波信号 | 能检测到微小的损伤 | 对环境噪声敏感,需要专门设备 和技术 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314457379266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
传统方法元件失效检测, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测技术 | 描述 | 优点 | 局限性 |
| 视觉检查 | 依赖技术人员的经验来识别 元件的外观异常 | 简单直观,无需复杂设备 | 高度依赖检查者经验,可能漏检 微小或内部故障 |
| 电参数测量 | 使用多用电表或专用测试仪器 测量电阻、电流、电压等参数 | 提供定量数据,可评估元件性能 | 需要断开电路进行测量, 无法 实时监测 |
| 功能测试 | 在电路的正常工作条件下测试 其功能 | 在实际工作条件下测试, 模拟元件实际 使用环境 | 对间歇性故障难检测,测试过程 可能复杂 |
| 红外热成像 | 使用红外摄像机检测电路板上 的热点 | 无接触、非侵入式检测,能迅速定位故障 区域 | 无法准确识别故障原因,对环境 温度敏感 |
| 振动分析 | 通过分析设备的振动模式来 诊断故障 | 对机械部件故障(如轴承和齿轮)有效 | 主要用于机械系统,对电子元件 故障检测有限 |
| 声发射分析 | 检测由裂纹或断裂产生的 超声波信号 | 能检测到微小的损伤 | 对环境噪声敏感,需要专门设备 和技术 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314516099523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 输入层 | 卷积核 大小 | 步长 | 输出层 |
| 卷积层 | (32,32,3) | (3,3) | 1 | (32,32,96) |
| 池化 | (32,32,96) | (2,2) | 2 | (16,16,96) |
| Fire1 | (16,16,96) | | | (16,16,128) |
| Fire2 | (16,16,128) | | | (16,16,256) |
| 全局平均池化层 | (4,4,1000) | (4,4) | 1 | (1,1,1000) |
| Softmax 层 | (1,1,1000) | | | (1,1,3) |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314587402692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 输入层 | 卷积核 大小 | 步长 | 输出层 |
| 卷积层 | (32,32,3) | (3,3) | 1 | (32,32,96) |
| 池化 | (32,32,96) | (2,2) | 2 | (16,16,96) |
| Fire1 | (16,16,96) | | | (16,16,128) |
| Fire2 | (16,16,128) | | | (16,16,256) |
| 全局平均池化层 | (4,4,1000) | (4,4) | 1 | (1,1,1000) |
| Softmax 层 | (1,1,1000) | | | (1,1,3) |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314637734341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
Recognition results at different learning rates, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 学习率 | 训练损失 | 训练准 确率/% | 测试损失 | 测试准 确率/% |
| 0.0060 | 7.5621 | 88.93 | 16.1200 | 75.43 |
| 0.0030 | 2.2467 | 91.63 | 5.1171 | 88.72 |
| 0.0010 | 0.0043 | 99.84 | 2.2478 | 97.42 |
| 0.0009 | 0.0398 | 100 | 0.3889 | 98.43 |
| 0.0005 | 0.0436 | 99.43 | 0.9839 | 96.98 |
| 0.0003 | 0.6855 | 97.82 | 4.2983 | 93.37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314692260294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同学习率下的识别结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 学习率 | 训练损失 | 训练准 确率/% | 测试损失 | 测试准 确率/% |
| 0.0060 | 7.5621 | 88.93 | 16.1200 | 75.43 |
| 0.0030 | 2.2467 | 91.63 | 5.1171 | 88.72 |
| 0.0010 | 0.0043 | 99.84 | 2.2478 | 97.42 |
| 0.0009 | 0.0398 | 100 | 0.3889 | 98.43 |
| 0.0005 | 0.0436 | 99.43 | 0.9839 | 96.98 |
| 0.0003 | 0.6855 | 97.82 | 4.2983 | 93.37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314750980551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=
Recognition results under different batch sizes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| batch size | 训练损失 | 训练准 确率/% | 测试损失 | 测试准 确度/% |
| 4 | 0.0195 | 100 | 0.4986 | 99.23 |
| 8 | 0.0258 | 100 | 0.5008 | 98.88 |
| 16 | 0.0423 | 100 | 0.4090 | 97.43 |
| 32 | 0.0708 | 100 | 4.4582 | 96.68 |
| 64 | 1.9902 | 100 | 9.4157 | 95.98 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314805506504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同批量大小下的识别结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| batch size | 训练损失 | 训练准 确率/% | 测试损失 | 测试准 确度/% |
| 4 | 0.0195 | 100 | 0.4986 | 99.23 |
| 8 | 0.0258 | 100 | 0.5008 | 98.88 |
| 16 | 0.0423 | 100 | 0.4090 | 97.43 |
| 32 | 0.0708 | 100 | 4.4582 | 96.68 |
| 64 | 1.9902 | 100 | 9.4157 | 95.98 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314855838153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=
Test results of various algorithms, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 准确率/% | 模型大小/MB |
| AlexNet | 84.27 | 230.00 |
| VGGNet | 87.36 | 100.00 |
| MobileNet | 88.08 | 39.00 |
| SqueezeNet | 90.82 | 4.70 |
| 改进的 SqueezeNet | 95.27 | 4.77 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314906169802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
各个算法的测试结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 准确率/% | 模型大小/MB |
| AlexNet | 84.27 | 230.00 |
| VGGNet | 87.36 | 100.00 |
| MobileNet | 88.08 | 39.00 |
| SqueezeNet | 90.82 | 4.70 |
| 改进的 SqueezeNet | 95.27 | 4.77 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049314952307147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=
Test results of different models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 模型 | Top1 准确 率/% | F1 分 数/% | 平均精 确率/% | 平均召 回率/% | 平均推 断时 间/ms |
| 数 | SqueezeNet | 86.89 | 82.03 | 84.96 | 80.60 | 1.60 |
| 1 | 改进的 SqueezeNet | 88.86 | 85.05 | 84.68 | 85.98 | 1.82 |
| SqueezeNet | 93.76 | 93.77 | 93.80 | 93.70 | 1.70 |
| 数据集2 | 改进的 SqueezeNet | 95.51 | 95.50 | 95.70 | 95.50 | 1.77 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154049315006833100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049277123879263, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同模型的测试结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据集 | 模型 | Top1 准确 率/% | F1 分 数/% | 平均精 确率/% | 平均召 回率/% | 平均推 断时 间/ms |
| 数 | SqueezeNet | 86.89 | 82.03 | 84.96 | 80.60 | 1.60 |
| 1 | 改进的 SqueezeNet | 88.86 | 85.05 | 84.68 | 85.98 | 1.82 |
| SqueezeNet | 93.76 | 93.77 | 93.80 | 93.70 | 1.70 |
| 数据集2 | 改进的 SqueezeNet | 95.51 | 95.50 | 95.70 | 95.50 | 1.77 |
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