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The magnetic leakage from an indoor air-core reactor leads to problems such as serious nearby electromagnetic pollution and heat generation by metal equipment. To solve these problems, based on the ANSYS finite element simulation platform, the indoor air-core reactor and its surrounding ancillary facilities and building structure of a 500 kV substation are modeled in three dimensions, and the building roof is equipped with a shielding plate. Through the optimization analysis of shielding materials, thickness and gap width, a scheme is formulated to improve the electromagnetic environment surrounding the indoor reactor. Simulation results show that the magnetic induction intensity of the steel structure can be effectively reduced by adding a shielding plate which is overlapped by 3 mm thick aluminum plates above the steel beam. The temperature change of the reactor during its operation meets the insulation heat resistance requirement for the air-core reactor. The edge section temperature of the shielding device is higher, with a peak of 53.26 °C. The average temperature of surrounding buildings and facilities increases by about 5-10 °C, which meets the requirements of safe operation.

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为解决户内空心电抗器漏磁导致其周围电磁污染严重、金属设备发热问题,采用ANSYS有限元仿真平台,对500kV变电站的戶內空心电抗器及其周围附属设施和房屋结构进行三维电磁建模,并在房屋顶部加设屏蔽板。通过对屏蔽体的材料、厚度及缝隙宽度等多参数变量进行优化分析,形成了一个改善户内电抗器周边电磁环境的方案。仿真结果表明:在钢梁上方增设由3mm厚的铝板重叠搭接成的屏蔽板,可以有效降低房屋钢结构的磁感应强度,运行时电抗器温度变化符合空心电抗器要求的绝缘耐热等级,屏蔽装置边缘断面温度较高,最高点为53.26℃,周围建筑设施平均温度约增加5~10℃,满足安全运行要求。

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谢洪平(1975-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: xiehongping@js.sgcc.com.cn。

何宏杰(1981-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: hehongjie_sz@js.sgcc.com.cn。

陈喆(1987-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail : chenz2@js.sgcc.com.cn。

周亚龙(1989-),男,通信作者,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统变电设计和研究。E-mail:zhouyalong@jspdi.com.cn。

沈舒雨(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail:shenshuyu618@163.com。

程鑫(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail: C18844209300@163.com。

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谢洪平(1975-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: xiehongping@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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谢洪平(1975-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: xiehongping@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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何宏杰(1981-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: hehongjie_sz@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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何宏杰(1981-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: hehongjie_sz@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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陈喆(1987-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail : chenz2@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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陈喆(1987-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail : chenz2@js.sgcc.com.cn。

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周亚龙(1989-),男,通信作者,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统变电设计和研究。E-mail:zhouyalong@jspdi.com.cn。

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沈舒雨(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail:shenshuyu618@163.com。

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程鑫(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail: C18844209300@163.com。

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程鑫(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail: C18844209300@163.com。

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模型参数 型号或数值
电抗器 CKJKL-2400/35-12
相数 三相
额定电压$/\mathrm{{kV}}$ 35
额定电流/A 833.3
包封层数 2
包封高度/mm 1302
气道宽度/mm 150
包封宽度/mm 25
最小包封层内径/mm 1450
最大包封层外径/mm 1840
整体高度/mm 5092
), ArticleFig(id=1154038627676967320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表1, caption=电抗器模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数 型号或数值
电抗器 CKJKL-2400/35-12
相数 三相
额定电压$/\mathrm{{kV}}$ 35
额定电流/A 833.3
包封层数 2
包封高度/mm 1302
气道宽度/mm 150
包封宽度/mm 25
最小包封层内径/mm 1450
最大包封层外径/mm 1840
整体高度/mm 5092
), ArticleFig(id=1154038627790213530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Model dimensions of building structure, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
房屋结构 具体尺寸
房屋长宽高 113000 mm$\times {4000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {6900}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢筋网 直径${12}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,间距${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的双向钢筋网
钢柱 ${600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的 方钢管,高 6200 mm
龙骨墙体 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 方钢管, 水平间距${600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,垂直间距${1200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢梁 ${700}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$$\mathrm{H}$ 型钢管,间距${2000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢板 厚度为${1.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的压型钢板
), ArticleFig(id=1154038627857322395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表2, caption=房屋结构的模型尺寸, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
房屋结构 具体尺寸
房屋长宽高 113000 mm$\times {4000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {6900}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢筋网 直径${12}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,间距${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的双向钢筋网
钢柱 ${600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的 方钢管,高 6200 mm
龙骨墙体 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 方钢管, 水平间距${600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,垂直间距${1200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢梁 ${700}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$$\mathrm{H}$ 型钢管,间距${2000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
钢板 厚度为${1.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的压型钢板
), ArticleFig(id=1154038627949597085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Simulation temperature and price of shielding plate of different materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
屏蔽板 材料 钢板损耗/ W 钢板最高 温度/℃ 屏蔽板最高 温度/℃ 价格/(元$\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ )
铁板 445.640 54.175 54.201 750
铝板 210.584 53.366 53.372 300
铜板 210.629 54.721 54.757 800
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628020900256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表3, caption=不同材料屏蔽板的仿真温度及价格, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
屏蔽板 材料 钢板损耗/ W 钢板最高 温度/℃ 屏蔽板最高 温度/℃ 价格/(元$\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ )
铁板 445.640 54.175 54.201 750
铝板 210.584 53.366 53.372 300
铜板 210.629 54.721 54.757 800
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628096397731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=Values of magnetic induction intensity at six points under different conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位置 磁感应强度/mT
缝隙为 0 mm 缝隙为 5mm 缝隙为 10 mm 无屏蔽 装置
点 1 136.85 166.71 147.94 456.39
点 2 268.40 239.34 267.62 724.52
点 3 230.73 278.15 323.69 682.63
点 4 397.24 351.91 426.42 738.51
点 5 154.86 180.17 170.18 346.02
点 6 272.68 354.28 307.54 355.69
平均值 243.46 261.76 273.90 550.63
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点位置 磁感应强度/mT
缝隙为 0 mm 缝隙为 5mm 缝隙为 10 mm 无屏蔽 装置
点 1 136.85 166.71 147.94 456.39
点 2 268.40 239.34 267.62 724.52
点 3 230.73 278.15 323.69 682.63
点 4 397.24 351.91 426.42 738.51
点 5 154.86 180.17 170.18 346.02
点 6 272.68 354.28 307.54 355.69
平均值 243.46 261.76 273.90 550.63
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628306112935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=Temperature of steel plate under different conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铝板厚度/ mm 钢板温度/℃
缝隙宽度为 0 mm 缝隙宽度为 5 mm 缝隙宽度为 10 mm
2 54.1 51.4 55.8
3 53.2 52.6 53.5
4 53.3 53.8 53.7
5 52.7 52.9 54.1
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628364833193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表5, caption=不同情况下的钢板温度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铝板厚度/ mm 钢板温度/℃
缝隙宽度为 0 mm 缝隙宽度为 5 mm 缝隙宽度为 10 mm
2 54.1 51.4 55.8
3 53.2 52.6 53.5
4 53.3 53.8 53.7
5 52.7 52.9 54.1
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设备设施 加装屏蔽板前 加装屏蔽板后
最高温度 平均温度 最高温度 平均温度
电抗器 本体 145.10 119.03 143.97 114.94
钢柱 52.00 44.90 51.37 44.85
钢梁 61.98 49.01 61.75 48.83
钢板 55.77 47.72 53.26 45.81
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628553576878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表6, caption=加装屏蔽装置前后主要部件温度对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备设施 加装屏蔽板前 加装屏蔽板后
最高温度 平均温度 最高温度 平均温度
电抗器 本体 145.10 119.03 143.97 114.94
钢柱 52.00 44.90 51.37 44.85
钢梁 61.98 49.01 61.75 48.83
钢板 55.77 47.72 53.26 45.81
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628645851569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=Temperature values of reactor body and surrounding building materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备设施 损耗/W 最高温度/℃ 平均温度$\rho \mathrm{C}$
外层包封 9678.65 132.73 112.41
内层包封 8038.77 143.97 133.40
上层星型架 1141.74 138.84 131.96
下层星型架 1232.08 132.11 124.31
电抗器绝缘子 - 87.15 50.03
电抗器支架 - 41.73 38.58
屏蔽铝板 391.26 53.26 45.18
龙骨墙体 735.52 60.73 46.47
钢梁 586.27 61.75 48.83
钢板 208.00 53.26 45.81
钢柱 25.93 51.37 44.85
钢筋网 100.89 42.15 38.83
), ArticleFig(id=1154038628717154740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490896519251, language=CN, label=表7, caption=电抗器本体及周围建筑材料温度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备设施 损耗/W 最高温度/℃ 平均温度$\rho \mathrm{C}$
外层包封 9678.65 132.73 112.41
内层包封 8038.77 143.97 133.40
上层星型架 1141.74 138.84 131.96
下层星型架 1232.08 132.11 124.31
电抗器绝缘子 - 87.15 50.03
电抗器支架 - 41.73 38.58
屏蔽铝板 391.26 53.26 45.18
龙骨墙体 735.52 60.73 46.47
钢梁 586.27 61.75 48.83
钢板 208.00 53.26 45.81
钢柱 25.93 51.37 44.85
钢筋网 100.89 42.15 38.83
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基于多参数变量优化的户内空心电抗器电磁屏蔽方案研究
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谢洪平 1 , 何宏杰 2 , 陈喆 1 , 周亚龙 3 , 沈舒雨 4 , 程鑫 5
电源学报 | 电磁干扰与电磁兼容 2024,22(2): 448-455
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电源学报 | 电磁干扰与电磁兼容 2024, 22(2): 448-455
基于多参数变量优化的户内空心电抗器电磁屏蔽方案研究
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谢洪平1 , 何宏杰2 , 陈喆1 , 周亚龙3 , 沈舒雨4 , 程鑫5
作者信息
  • 1 国网江苏省电力有限公司 建设分公司 南京 210036
  • 2 国网江苏省电力有限公司 南京 210024
  • 3 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 南京 211102
  • 4 东南大学 电气工程学院 南京 210096
  • 5 东南大学 软件学院 南京 211189
  • 谢洪平(1975-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: xiehongping@js.sgcc.com.cn。

    何宏杰(1981-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail: hehongjie_sz@js.sgcc.com.cn。

    陈喆(1987-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电力工程建设管理。E-mail : chenz2@js.sgcc.com.cn。

    周亚龙(1989-),男,通信作者,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统变电设计和研究。E-mail:zhouyalong@jspdi.com.cn。

    沈舒雨(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail:shenshuyu618@163.com。

    程鑫(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术。E-mail: C18844209300@163.com。

Research on Electromagnetic Shielding Scheme for Indoor Air-core Reactor Based on Multi-parameter Variable Optimization
Hongping XIE1 , Hongjie HE2 , Zhe CHEN1 , Yalong ZHOU3 , Shuyu SHEN4 , Xin CHENG5
Affiliations
  • 1 Construction Branch State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210036 China
  • 2 State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210024 China
  • 3 Jiangsu Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. China Energy Engineering Group Nanjing 211102 China
  • 4 School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
  • 5 College of Software Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.448
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为解决户内空心电抗器漏磁导致其周围电磁污染严重、金属设备发热问题,采用ANSYS有限元仿真平台,对500kV变电站的戶內空心电抗器及其周围附属设施和房屋结构进行三维电磁建模,并在房屋顶部加设屏蔽板。通过对屏蔽体的材料、厚度及缝隙宽度等多参数变量进行优化分析,形成了一个改善户内电抗器周边电磁环境的方案。仿真结果表明:在钢梁上方增设由3mm厚的铝板重叠搭接成的屏蔽板,可以有效降低房屋钢结构的磁感应强度,运行时电抗器温度变化符合空心电抗器要求的绝缘耐热等级,屏蔽装置边缘断面温度较高,最高点为53.26℃,周围建筑设施平均温度约增加5~10℃,满足安全运行要求。

户内空心电抗器  /  有限元仿真  /  屏蔽装置  /  磁感应强度  /  温度场

The magnetic leakage from an indoor air-core reactor leads to problems such as serious nearby electromagnetic pollution and heat generation by metal equipment. To solve these problems, based on the ANSYS finite element simulation platform, the indoor air-core reactor and its surrounding ancillary facilities and building structure of a 500 kV substation are modeled in three dimensions, and the building roof is equipped with a shielding plate. Through the optimization analysis of shielding materials, thickness and gap width, a scheme is formulated to improve the electromagnetic environment surrounding the indoor reactor. Simulation results show that the magnetic induction intensity of the steel structure can be effectively reduced by adding a shielding plate which is overlapped by 3 mm thick aluminum plates above the steel beam. The temperature change of the reactor during its operation meets the insulation heat resistance requirement for the air-core reactor. The edge section temperature of the shielding device is higher, with a peak of 53.26 °C. The average temperature of surrounding buildings and facilities increases by about 5-10 °C, which meets the requirements of safe operation.

Indoor air-core reactor  /  finite element simulation  /  shielding device  /  magnetic induction intensity  /  temperature field
谢洪平, 何宏杰, 陈喆, 周亚龙, 沈舒雨, 程鑫. 基于多参数变量优化的户内空心电抗器电磁屏蔽方案研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 448 -455 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.448
Hongping XIE, Hongjie HE, Zhe CHEN, Yalong ZHOU, Shuyu SHEN, Xin CHENG. Research on Electromagnetic Shielding Scheme for Indoor Air-core Reactor Based on Multi-parameter Variable Optimization[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 448 -455 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.448
近年来, 电网系统快速发展, 为应对大容量、高负荷用电需求, 作为常见无功补偿装置之一的电抗器,在电网中发挥着越来越重要的作用${}^{\left\lbrack 1\text{-}2\right\rbrack }$。干式空心电抗器具有抗冲击能力强、线性特性好、损耗小、 噪声低、结构简单等优良特性,对于户内变电站电能质量的改善具有重要意义[3]
但是,随着人们安全意识的增强, 空心电抗器产生的电磁污染成为环保行业和电力行业共同关心的问题。与室外变电站相比, 室内场地中设备更加紧凑, 运行时电场畸变会加剧, 可能导致电晕放电甚至击穿, 并且极易造成环境温度迅速上升, 威胁电气设备安全运行[4]
国内外研究机构就这一问题开展深入研究, 发现安装低电阻率材料的屏蔽结构, 可以抵消电抗器漏磁在屏蔽结构上产生大量涡流,起到一定的屏蔽效果, 但该装置往往安装在电抗器四周, 不利于电气设备的运行维护[5]; 还可以采用高导磁材料的屏蔽结构,使大部分漏磁通过高导磁材料,从而减少材料以外的空间磁场强度, 但会导致屏蔽板磁通量较高,系统容易过热[6];除此之外,采用分布式气隙设计来代替传统开集中气隙的方法, 也可以有效降低漏感和磁力线经过绕组产生的涡流损耗, 但需改变电抗器内部构造, 不利于广泛应用。
因此, 本文针对磁场过高导致电抗器上方钢梁温度过高的问题, 提出兼顾经济性和可靠性的空心电抗器电磁屏蔽装置优化方案。基于多参数优化方法, 设计采用不同材料、尺寸以及搭接方式的电磁屏蔽装置, 并将其安装于钢梁上方, 解决不方便安装或检修电抗器的问题, 同时更精准地保护房屋结构。同时利用 ANSYS Maxwell 三维有限元仿真软件对户内空心电抗器及其周围附属设施和房屋结构建模,依据磁场和温度场的多场域仿真结果综合比较其屏蔽性能,选取最佳方案并进行验证。
本文使用的 ANSYS 仿真软件以有限元法为基础, 运用变分原理和细分思想, 将空心电抗器划分为不重叠的单元集, 从而简化分析和求解电磁场的过程[7-8]
运用 ANSYS 开展温度场仿真时, 需要为其提供变电站内各部件的损耗数据。其产生的总电阻损耗${P}_{\mathrm{R}}$$n$ 层线圈的电阻损耗相加计算得到
${P}_{\mathrm{R}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{I}_{i}^{2}{R}_{i}$
式中,${I}_{i}\text{、}{R}_{i}$ 分别为第$i$ 层线圈的电流和电阻。
同时, 受交变磁场和电阻的影响, 空心电抗器运行时各层线圈还会产生环流损耗${P}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 和涡流损耗${P}_{\mathrm{E}}$
${P}_{\mathrm{h}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}\left\lbrack {{I}_{i}^{2}{R}_{i}- {\left(\frac{I}{n}\right)}^{2}{R}_{i}}\right\rbrack $
${P}_{\mathrm{E}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{{m}_{i}}\frac{{\pi }^{2}{d}_{i}^{4}\gamma {\omega }^{2}}{32}{r}_{i}{B}^{2}$
式中:$I$ 为包封总电流;${m}_{i}\text{、}{d}_{i}\text{、}{r}_{i}$ 分别为第$i$ 层线圈的匝数、半径和线径;$P$ 为导线的电导率;$\omega$ 为角频率;$B$ 为导线中心处合成磁通密度。
苏州越溪${500}\mathrm{{kV}}$ 变电站在投运后发现空心电抗器产生的强磁场, 对周围电气设备产生干扰, 钢结构和地坪存在发热现象,严重影响设备运行的可靠性和安全性,并且对职业暴露存在较大的潜在危害。本文针对该变电站的布置方案开展仿真分析, 包括一个型号为 ZJKK-280-10 的 66 kV 电抗器和两组型号为 CKJKL-2400/35-12 的 35 kV 三相电抗器, 以及周围的设备支架和钢结构建筑物等, 最大程度地还原变电站的布置场景。其中着重讨论的三相电抗器的参数如表1 所示。
为适当加快仿真速度, 在建模过程中可作出如下假设:
(1)设备支架、包封、避雷器和接地开关等部分圆柱状部件采用十二边形柱体替代;
(2)定义绕组单位长度电流密度分布均匀,忽略绕组间涡流对磁场分布的影响[9];
(3)将各层包封简化成有一定厚度的圆筒, 忽略包封的外部绝缘层;
(4)空心电抗器包封间撑条以及一些细小的连接件基本不影响磁场分布, 故在建模时省略。
根据该户内变电站实际场景搭建 1:1 模型, 包括电抗器、接地开关、避雷器、并联电容器、电流互感器和房屋钢梁钢柱等,并选取各部分对应的材料, 得到模型如图1 所示。
建模完成后,设置求解域、激励和边界条件,检查网格剖分密度[10],仿真完成后通过数据处理得到电抗器周围磁场分布, 从而展开进一步分析, 并为温度场仿真提供损耗数据。
在温度场仿真中对周围环境进行如下假设:
(1)室内环境温度设为${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,户内空心电抗器包封层与层之间及与其他电气设备之间的辐射温度均为${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
(2)设定室内风速为${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$,电抗器左侧流体域为入口边界, 右侧为出口边界; 相对压力为 0。
根据加上屏蔽装置后电磁仿真计算得到的电抗器热源参数, 将整体模型导入到 ANSYS Workbench 平台的 Icepak 模块中, 依据户内工况设定边界条件和基本参数, 并根据物理模型进行网格划分, 具体实施步骤如下:
(1)在 Cabinet 中设定计算区域、壁面数据、边界条件等参数;
(2)在 Blocks 中对几何模型中 CAD Object 部件设定材料属性和热源数据;
(3)对几何模型进行网格单元类型、网格大小等参数设置, 并装配 Assembly 细化电抗器本体和屏蔽装置的网格尺寸, 网格生成后检查网格质量;
(4)设置 Solver 求解器参数,迭代求解,后处理得到户内空心电抗器模型的最高温度和平均温度分布。
为更好探索电抗器周围磁场对房屋结构的影响, 本文针对其中一组三相电抗器及其周围房屋结构进行精确建模,房屋结构的尺寸如表2 所示,模型如图2 所示。其中,电抗器$\mathrm{A}\text{、}\mathrm{\;B}\text{、}\mathrm{C}$ 三相的每个包封内分别设置${80}\angle {0}^{\circ }\mathrm{{kA}}\text{、}{80}\angle {120}^{\circ }\mathrm{{kA}}\text{、}{80}\angle -{120}^{\circ }\mathrm{{kA}}$ 的电流激励。
在保持房屋结构和设备布局不变的情况下,一般可以通过增设屏蔽结构的方法来缓解户内三相电抗器的电磁超标及发热问题。将其安装在钢梁和钢板之间, 不影响电抗器与周围电气设备的连接和维护检修, 同时更好地屏蔽电磁对房屋结构的辐射。下文将针对屏蔽结构的材料、厚度以及铺设时的缝隙宽度, 来选取各方面性能最优的屏蔽方案。
为比较不同材料金属板的屏蔽效果, 选取常见的屏蔽材料铁、铝和铜制作厚度为$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的屏蔽板, 将其放置在钢梁上方, 其中铁属于高磁导率材料, 为磁场提供通路,限制磁力线的扩散,减少泄漏磁场, 铝和铜是高电导率材料, 磁场变化时, 它们会在导体中产生感应电流, 产生相反方向的磁场来抵消原磁场。通过仿真,得到位于钢板上表面的$x$ 轴方向中轴线,即图2$x$ 轴所在直线上的磁感应强度曲线,如图3 所示。由图3 可知, 铝板和铜板的屏蔽效果相近,而使用铁板时,钢板上磁感应强度波动较大,最高处达到${251.85}\mathrm{{mT}}$。磁场仿真得到钢板在使用这 3 种不同材料屏蔽板时产生的损耗, 并通过温度场计算在同一环境下屏蔽板本身及其上方钢板的最高温度,同时查找资料得到$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚度的铁板、铝板和铜板的每平方米价格, 如表3 所示。
根据表3, 发现选用这 3 种材料作为屏蔽板时, 其本身及钢板的温度相近,最多仅相差 1.385 °C。但是, 使用铝板屏蔽时温度相对略低, 且其损耗仅为铁板的 47.31%,同时铝板的价格远远低于铁板和铜板。综合考虑屏蔽效果、损耗、温度和价格等因素,最终选取材料为铝的屏蔽板作为研究对象。
在施工现场, 屏蔽板往往是由大量尺寸较小的板子拼接铺设而成, 导致小板子之间存在一定的缝隙。该缝隙的存在会使得磁场有部分往钢梁处泄漏,导致局部磁场过高、屏蔽效能降低。通过屏蔽板缝隙的磁场强度${H}_{\mathrm{g}}$
${H}_{\mathrm{g}}= {H}_{0}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{\pi t}{g}}$
式中:${H}_{0}$ 为屏蔽板下方的原磁场;$t$$g$ 分别为屏蔽板的厚度和缝隙宽度。所以当$t$ 确定时,$g$ 越小,${H}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 也越小,屏蔽效果越好。
在仿真中,假设屏蔽板全部由$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚度的$1\mathrm{\;m}\times$ $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 的小块铝板构成,选取缝隙宽度分别为 0、5、${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的铝板,验证屏蔽板缝隙宽度对屏蔽效果的影响。
分别采集无屏蔽装置时和不同铝板缝隙宽度下, 钢板上表面如图4 所示 6 个点处的磁感应强度, 采集到的数据见表4
表4 可知, 安装屏蔽装置可以有效降低钢板上的磁场强度, 且缝隙越小, 漏磁越少, 与式 (4)的表达相一致;缝隙为$0\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,6 个点的磁感应强度平均值下降至无屏蔽装置时的 44.21%。因此工程中在铺设屏蔽板时, 应将每块铝板重叠搭接连接, 缩短缝隙宽度至 0。
根据式 (4),理论上屏蔽材料的厚度$t$ 越大,${H}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 越小, 屏蔽效果越明显, 但成本和安装难度会随之增加。为对比屏蔽板厚度对屏蔽效果的影响,共设置 3 组对照组,缝隙分别为0.5,10 mm,经过一系列住真,得到距地面$7\mathrm{\;m}$ 处,即高于钢梁${10}\mathrm{\;{cm}}$$x$ 轴方向所在直线上的磁感应强度曲线,如图5 所示。
观察图5 的 3 组曲线,发现缝隙宽度为$0\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时, 磁感应强度曲线相对平缓, 整体上随厚度的增加而略有降低, 但差别较小; 当存在搭接缝隙时, 各个厚度的屏蔽板所对应的磁感应强度曲线波动增大,缺乏规律。为此,需要通过温度场仿真进一步分析,得到各个情况下钢板的最高温度,如表5 所示。
表5 可知,当屏蔽铝板厚度为$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,钢板平均温度较低,此时漏磁也相对较少。根据图5, 屏蔽板的缝隙宽度对磁场影响较小, 但越厚的铝板成本越高、重量越大, 在工程中的应用也越复杂, 故尽量选择较薄的屏蔽板,同时综合温升因素,确定选缝隙为$0\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、厚度为$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的铝板作为屏蔽板。
针对加设屏蔽板后的电抗器组及其周围的电磁环境和温度环境开展进一步验证分析。
通过磁场仿真, 得到电抗器及房屋结构的剖面磁力线图和磁场分布图,分别如图6图7 所示。
没有屏蔽设备时,钢板上表面$x$ 轴方向中轴线上的最高磁感应强度为${1.29}\mathrm{\;T}$,安装屏蔽板后该值降为${306.84\mu }\mathrm{T}$,可见该方案有效缓解了房屋环境的电磁超标问题。
在 Icepak 模块中, 将加装屏蔽板前后电磁仿真计算得到的损耗数值作为热源激励分别施加于户内空心电抗器模型, 即
$ P ={P}_{\mathrm{R}}+ {P}_{\mathrm{E}}$
通过设定计算区域、边界条件、材料属性等参数以及精密网格剖分, 求解器设定等, 迭代完成热分析计算, 后处理结果可得到电抗器及房屋模型的温度分布, 并在图中标注出主要部件的温度值, 如图8 所示。
仿真得到的电抗器温度数据与文献[2]和[11]中的电抗器仿真温度相近, 验证了该仿真方法的可行性和准确性。比较加装屏蔽装置前后电抗器组温度场云图和各部件温度值分布发现, 加装后电抗器本体及钢板、钢梁、钢柱等建筑设施温度都较加装前有降低, 主要部件温度值如表6 所示。
其中加装屏蔽装置后电抗器本体 ($\mathrm{A}$ 相) 及周围龙骨墙体(取温度最高的墙体)、钢梁、钢柱(取温度最高的钢柱) 和地面钢筋网等设施的温度情况具体如表7 所示。
对比电抗器本体各包封层发现, 位于里层的包封温度要高于外侧包封层, 这是由于外侧包封直接与外界进行热量交换, 热量充分对流传导的缘故[11]。模型仿真最高点温度为${143.973}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,满足该型号干式空心电抗器的匝间绝缘耐热等级$\mathrm{H}$ 级和整体绝缘耐热等级$\mathrm{F}$ 级。选取屏蔽板,观察其温度分布, 如图9 所示。通过图9 可知, 屏蔽铝板的温度最高值为${53.26}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,位于屏蔽结构的边缘端面处,其余位置温度较低,平均温度为${45.18}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
同时观察房屋钢梁和龙骨墙体建筑的温度分布情况, 发现在 2 个电抗器间隔部分温度会提升较多, 电抗器包封顶端和底端与外界交换的热空气对钢架的温度也有一定提升。总体而言, 周围建筑设施平均温度较室温约增加$5 \sim {10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,故户内空心电抗器运行时对其影响不大,满足安全运行条件。
针对户内空心电抗器漏磁的问题, 搭建了符合实际的三维模型, 提出了在其上方搭建屏蔽板的优化方案, 综合材料、厚度和缝隙宽度等多个参数因素, 通过电磁场和温度场仿真, 验证了模型的准确性, 对今后户内变电站的设计运行和空心电抗器电磁环境的改善具有较好的参考价值,所得结论如下:
(1)当采用材料为铝的屏蔽板时,房屋钢板产生的损耗小, 运行温度低, 且铝板价格相对便宜, 适用于该模型场景;
(2)通过采集钢板上表面的磁感应强度,发现屏蔽板之间的缝隙宽度越小, 电磁屏蔽效果越好, 因此将每块铝板重叠搭接;
(3)对照不同厚度下钢板周围的磁场及温度,发现$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚度的屏蔽板效果好,温度低,且重量轻、 成本低, 适用于电抗器屏蔽场景;
(4)对在钢梁上方增设由$3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚度的铝制屏蔽板重叠搭接的情况进行验证, 发现钢板上的漏磁明显减少,周围建筑设施平均温度较室温仅增加 5~10 °C,满足电抗器绝缘等级和室内安全运行条件。
  • 国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目(J2021098)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877036)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.448
  • 接收时间:2021-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-04
  • 修回日期:2021-08-17
  • 录用日期:2021-08-19
基金
Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd.(J2021098)
国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目(J2021098)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877036)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877036)
作者信息
    1 国网江苏省电力有限公司 建设分公司 南京 210036
    2 国网江苏省电力有限公司 南京 210024
    3 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 南京 211102
    4 东南大学 电气工程学院 南京 210096
    5 东南大学 软件学院 南京 211189
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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