Article(id=1154038490426757202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.405, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1618848000000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-20, revisedDate=1628524800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-10, acceptedDate=1629648000000, acceptedDateStr=2021-08-23, onlineDate=1753073817115, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073817115, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073817115, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073817115, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=405, endPage=413, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038491240452180, articleId=1154038490426757202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Simple Power Supply with Unipolar Forward Pulse for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Load, columnId=1153695648848269792, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Special Power Supply, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the problem that the performance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) load cannot be fully utilized by the common load resonant-type power supply with continuous waveform and the deficiency that the topologies of existing pulsed power supplies are complicated, a power supply with unipolar forward pulse is proposed in this paper, which consists of one power switch, two diodes and one coupled inductor. Through the analysis of its working modes, it is shown that this power supply can provide a fast-rising pulse voltage for DBD load. In addition, the power switch operates in a soft-switching state. Simulation and experimental results verified the feasibility of the proposed power supply, indicating that it can provide certain reference for the upgrade of the existing power supplies for DBD load.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wenrui FANG, Xiongmin TANG, Tianhong JIANG, Chong ZOU, Weizheng CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154038634425602707, articleId=1154038490426757202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=一种适用于介质阻挡放电负载的简易型单极性正向脉冲式供电电源, columnId=1153695648974098915, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=特种电源, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对常用的负载谐振型波形连续式的供电电源无法充分发挥介质阻挡放电负载的性能,以及现有脉冲式供电电源拓扑结构比较复杂的不足,提出了一种由1个功率开关管、2个二极管和1个耦合电感构成的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源。通过对该供电电源工作模态的分析得出,该供电电源不仅能为介质阻挡负载提供快速上升的脉冲电压,而且功率器件工作于软开关状态。仿真和实验结果验证了该供电电源的可行性,所提出的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源对现有的介质阻挡放电负载的供电电源的升级改造有一定的借鉴意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=W8U2rrTaBjq3JLPwzF4KSA==, magXml=vRvVdDkbKlbY90i82wd6wQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mmMZunt0y6vgC4Nd7eI43g==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QcGd6sOKeSWsG2YPgqTtGQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

方文睿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 1525039408@qq.com。

唐雄民(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变流技术。E-mail: tangxiongmin@126.com。

江天鸿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:674071850@qq.com。

邹翀(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 327065960@qq.com。

陈伟正(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:2111904015@mail2.gdut.edu.cn。

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方文睿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 1525039408@qq.com。

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方文睿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 1525039408@qq.com。

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唐雄民(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变流技术。E-mail: tangxiongmin@126.com。

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唐雄民(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变流技术。E-mail: tangxiongmin@126.com。

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江天鸿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:674071850@qq.com。

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江天鸿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:674071850@qq.com。

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邹翀(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 327065960@qq.com。

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邹翀(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 327065960@qq.com。

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陈伟正(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:2111904015@mail2.gdut.edu.cn。

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陈伟正(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:2111904015@mail2.gdut.edu.cn。

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Power Electronics, 2013. 47(10): 96-97 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Analysis on load regulation characteristics of DBD-type ozone generator with pulse amplitude modulation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154038645716668470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, awardId=51207026, language=EN, fundingSource=Youth Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51207026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038645783777336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, awardId=51207026, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51207026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038636174627537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038636178821842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, 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caption=本文提出的供电电源拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=v2/OKuVSvqKgIm7ni8OTnw==, figureFileBig=W9rsAoQsjWl69gGqwYFZ4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038643787289588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Working waveforms of main electrical quantities in power supply during one complete working cycle, figureFileSmall=Hw/C0NE+Rvjw46E6u9ymIA==, figureFileBig=JrkblBUgp2/syyUV17wSSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038643846009846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=CN, label=图2, caption=一个完整工作周期内, 供电电源中主要电气量的工作波形, figureFileSmall=Hw/C0NE+Rvjw46E6u9ymIA==, figureFileBig=JrkblBUgp2/syyUV17wSSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038643908924407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Simplified equivalent circuit of power supply, figureFileSmall=DcOgfh5xQ1OHm+uwTt4Nsg==, figureFileBig=gd05ZBxI4aReT9KelkaG4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038643963450361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=CN, label=图3, caption=供电电源的简化等效电路, figureFileSmall=DcOgfh5xQ1OHm+uwTt4Nsg==, figureFileBig=gd05ZBxI4aReT9KelkaG4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038644017976315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Equivalent circuit in mode 1 and its analysis model, figureFileSmall=u8GtZIk0NQe1KGIdYmfR1Q==, figureFileBig=MapnvTmIGh8oezU4/pRQRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038644072502269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模态 1 的等效电路及其分析模型, figureFileSmall=u8GtZIk0NQe1KGIdYmfR1Q==, figureFileBig=MapnvTmIGh8oezU4/pRQRQ==, tableContent=null), 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label=图6, caption=模态 3 的等效电路, figureFileSmall=Tdf5Dc/Ncg9LXFHZpW797Q==, figureFileBig=Srz7soit9tIJZ2RYXmTZhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038644429017090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Equivalent circuit in mode 4, figureFileSmall=boO+NyPdP4mPX0Ti5UGXuw==, figureFileBig=GPAZGEllHXeKMNcILFKvCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038644479348740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=CN, label=图7, caption=模态 4 的等效电路, figureFileSmall=boO+NyPdP4mPX0Ti5UGXuw==, figureFileBig=GPAZGEllHXeKMNcILFKvCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038644538068998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Relationship curves of ${V}_{\text{DBD_peak }}$ with ${L}_{1}$ and ${L}_{2}$, figureFileSmall=hp0qE1GRS7ILTtsVMHi5rw==, 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参数 数值和型号
直流母线电压$E/\mathrm{V}$ 200
耦合电感原边电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 654.94
耦合电感副边电感${L}_{2}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 145.37
二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ BYT03-400
钳位二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ RGP02-20E
功率开关管 Q H15R1202
${C}_{\text{eq }}/{\mathrm{{pF}}}^{* }$ 23.8
), ArticleFig(id=1154038645557284914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038490426757202, language=CN, label=表1, caption=主要电路参数和元件型号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值和型号
直流母线电压$E/\mathrm{V}$ 200
耦合电感原边电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 654.94
耦合电感副边电感${L}_{2}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 145.37
二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ BYT03-400
钳位二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ RGP02-20E
功率开关管 Q H15R1202
${C}_{\text{eq }}/{\mathrm{{pF}}}^{* }$ 23.8
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一种适用于介质阻挡放电负载的简易型单极性正向脉冲式供电电源
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方文睿 1 , 唐雄民 1 , 江天鸿 1 , 邹翀 1 , 陈伟正 1
电源学报 | 特种电源 2024,22(2): 405-413
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电源学报 | 特种电源 2024, 22(2): 405-413
一种适用于介质阻挡放电负载的简易型单极性正向脉冲式供电电源
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方文睿1 , 唐雄民1 , 江天鸿1 , 邹翀1 , 陈伟正1
作者信息
  • 广东工业大学 自动化学院 广州 510006
  • 方文睿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 1525039408@qq.com。

    唐雄民(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变流技术。E-mail: tangxiongmin@126.com。

    江天鸿(1998-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:674071850@qq.com。

    邹翀(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail: 327065960@qq.com。

    陈伟正(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子电源技术。E-mail:2111904015@mail2.gdut.edu.cn。

Simple Power Supply with Unipolar Forward Pulse for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Load
Wenrui FANG1 , Xiongmin TANG1 , Tianhong JIANG1 , Chong ZOU1 , Weizheng CHEN1
Affiliations
  • School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.405
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针对常用的负载谐振型波形连续式的供电电源无法充分发挥介质阻挡放电负载的性能,以及现有脉冲式供电电源拓扑结构比较复杂的不足,提出了一种由1个功率开关管、2个二极管和1个耦合电感构成的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源。通过对该供电电源工作模态的分析得出,该供电电源不仅能为介质阻挡负载提供快速上升的脉冲电压,而且功率器件工作于软开关状态。仿真和实验结果验证了该供电电源的可行性,所提出的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源对现有的介质阻挡放电负载的供电电源的升级改造有一定的借鉴意义。

介质阻挡放电  /  单极性正向脉冲  /  供电电源  /  软开关

Aimed at the problem that the performance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) load cannot be fully utilized by the common load resonant-type power supply with continuous waveform and the deficiency that the topologies of existing pulsed power supplies are complicated, a power supply with unipolar forward pulse is proposed in this paper, which consists of one power switch, two diodes and one coupled inductor. Through the analysis of its working modes, it is shown that this power supply can provide a fast-rising pulse voltage for DBD load. In addition, the power switch operates in a soft-switching state. Simulation and experimental results verified the feasibility of the proposed power supply, indicating that it can provide certain reference for the upgrade of the existing power supplies for DBD load.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)  /  unipolar forward pulse  /  power supply  /  soft-switching
方文睿, 唐雄民, 江天鸿, 邹翀, 陈伟正. 一种适用于介质阻挡放电负载的简易型单极性正向脉冲式供电电源. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 405 -413 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.405
Wenrui FANG, Xiongmin TANG, Tianhong JIANG, Chong ZOU, Weizheng CHEN. Simple Power Supply with Unipolar Forward Pulse for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Load[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 405 -413 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.405
介质阻挡放电 DBD(dielectric barrier discharge) 也称无声放电, 是将绝缘物质插入放电空间的一种气体放电。当放电电极间施加足够高的激励电压时, 电极间的气体会被击穿, 从而在微放电通道中发生微放电, 进而产生大量的活性粒子[1]。由于这一特性, 介质阻挡放电技术在生物医学、材料表面改性、有害气体处理、臭氧合成和特定波长光源生成等领域[2-4] 得到了广泛应用。大量科研结果表明,相对于其他形式的激励波形, 脉冲式激励波形更能发挥 DBD 负载的效能[5-6]。但由于脉冲式激励波形的实现技术远比其他形式激励波形的实现技术复杂, 因此能产生脉冲式激励波形的电路在 DBD 负载中的广泛应用仍然受到较大制约。在这些脉冲式电路中,比较有代表性的是 Marx 型供电电源[7] 、直线型变压器驱动源 LTD (linear transformer driver) 供电电源和基于磁压缩技术的脉冲式供电电源[8]。以半导体开关为基础的 Marx 型供电电源和 LTD 供电电源具有效率高, 响应快, 频率、脉宽和幅值在较大范围内无级可调的优点, 但是半导体开关耐压较低, 当要求较高脉冲电压时, 所需的 Marx 电路级数增多, 开关数量成倍增加, 导致相应的触发以及隔离技术复杂化, 系统可靠性大大降低。以磁开关为核心,基于磁压缩技术的脉冲式电路虽然具有无触点闭合动作和可重复性较强的优点, 但当要求提供较高脉冲电压时, 所需磁压缩回路的电路级数增加, 这将大幅增加磁性元件设计难度, 并且降低了电路输出脉冲电压的重复频率。此外,还有许多研究人员利用其他类型的供电电源, 如正、反激型供电电源[9-10] 、多电平型供电电源[11-12] 、电流源型供电电源[13] 和多级 LC 谐振式供电电源[14] 来为 DBD 型负载提供脉冲激励波形,但这些不同结构形式的供电电源大多是为了解决早期的 DBD 负载供电电源难以高频化和不便于调节放电功率而提出的, 基本上未考虑 DBD 负载放电过程对激励波形的特殊要求。
针对这一现状, 本文提出了一种简易的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源。该供电电源中只包含 1 个功率开关管、2 个二极管和 1 个耦合电感, 电路结构简单。该电路不仅能够为 DBD 负载提供一个间歇式的激励电压(能够给予 DBD 负载中的粒子以状态恢复的时间),而且通过引入反馈二极管, 避免了常规基于反激的供电电源会在 DBD 负载上出现的电压振荡现象。此外, 通过合理控制功率开关管的导通和关断, 能保证电路中功率器件工作于软开关状态。模态分析和实验结果表明,该电路拓扑不仅能工作在数十千赫兹下,而且生成的脉冲宽度小于${4\mu }\mathrm{s}$,负载电压平均上升率接近$8 \times {10}^{8}\mathrm{\;V}/\mathrm{s}$。本文提出的单极性正向脉冲式供电电源可用于现有的介质阻挡放电负载供电电源的升级改造中。
本文提出的供电电源拓扑结构如图1 所示。图中,$E$ 为直流电压源;$\mathrm{Q}$ 为功率开关管;${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 为快恢复二极管; DBD 型负载使用由等效电阻${R}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 和等效电容${C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 串联的等效模型进行替代[15-16]${L}_{2}$ 为绕在同一铁芯上的耦合电感的原边和副边电感;${i}_{1}$ 为流过电感${L}_{1}$ 的电流;${i}_{2}$ 为流过电感${L}_{2}$ 的电流;${i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}$ 为流过二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的电流;${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}$$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载的输出电压; Pulse 为功率开关管 Q 的驱动信号。
图2 为一个完整工作周期内, 供电电路中主要电气量的工作波形。
图2 可以看出,一个完整的工作周期由 4 个工作模态构成:时间段${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}$ 对应模态 1 ;时间段${t}_{1}\sim {t}_{2}$ 对应模态 2 ; 时间段${t}_{2}\sim {t}_{3}$ 对应模态 3 ; 时间段${t}_{3}\sim {t}_{4}$ 对应模态 4。为简化分析, 作如下假设:
(1)电路中的功率器件为理想元件;
(2)忽略电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 的线圈电阻及其漏磁对其他元件的影响;
(3)考虑到 DBD 负载中等效电阻上的电压远小于等效电容上的电压,忽略$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载等效电阻对电路的影响。
图3 为在这些假设条件下, 由图1 得到的供电电源的简化等效电路。在图3 中,$M$ 为耦合电感中${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 之间的互感;${U}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为负载等效电容两端的电压。
在这个模态中,由于功率管$\mathrm{Q}$ 的导通,直流电压$E$ 为电感${L}_{1}$ 充电,存储在电感${L}_{2}$ 中的能量通过二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 回馈到直流电压$E$图4(a)和(b)分别为模态 1 的实际等效电路及其分析模型。
图4(b)可得模态 1 的约束方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} E ={L}_{1}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}+ M\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\ E =- M\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}- {L}_{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\end{array}\right.$
将该模态的初始条件${i}_{1}\left({t}_{0}\right)= 0$${i}_{2}\left({t}_{0}\right)$ 代入式 (1) 可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{1}\left( t\right)= \frac{E\left({{L}_{2}+ M}\right)}{{L}_{1}{L}_{2}- {M}^{2}}t \\{i}_{2}\left( t\right)= {i}_{2}\left({t}_{0}\right)- \frac{E\left({{L}_{1}+ M}\right)}{{L}_{1}{L}_{2}- {M}^{2}}t \end{array}\right.$
这一模态将在流经电感${L}_{2}$ 的电流为零时结束,即${i}_{2}\left({t}_{1}\right)= 0$。将这一条件代入式 (2) 可得模态 1 的持续时间${T}_{1}$ 和模态 1 结束时${i}_{1}$ 的表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{T}_{1}= {t}_{1}- {t}_{0}= {i}_{2}\left({t}_{0}\right)\frac{{L}_{1}{L}_{2}- {M}^{2}}{E\left({{L}_{1}+ M}\right)} \\{i}_{1}\left({t}_{1}\right)= {i}_{2}\left({t}_{0}\right)\frac{{L}_{2}+ M}{{L}_{1}+ M}\end{array}\right.$
在这个模态中,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的电流下降到零而自然关断。由于功率开关管$\mathrm{Q}$ 的驱动信号并未消失,所以在这个模态中$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载的等效电容${C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 将与耦合电感发生谐振。图5 为模态 2 的等效电路。
图5 可得模态 2 的约束方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} E ={L}_{1}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}+ M\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\{i}_{2}= -{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{U}_{\mathrm{c}}}{\mathrm{d}t}\\{L}_{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}+ M\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}- {U}_{\mathrm{c}}= 0 \end{array}\right.$
将该模态的初始条件${i}_{1}\left({t}_{1}\right)= 0\text{、}{i}_{2}\left({t}_{1}\right)= 0$${U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left({t}_{0}\right)=$ $- E$ 代入式 (4),求解可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left( t\right)= {C}_{1}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}t}\right)+ \frac{ME}{{L}_{1}}\\{i}_{2}\left( t\right)= {C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{C}_{1}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}t}\right)\\{i}_{1}\left( t\right)= {i}_{1}\left({t}_{1}\right)+ \frac{E}{{L}_{1}}t -\frac{M}{{L}_{1}}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{C}_{1}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}t}\right)\end{array}\right.$
式中:${\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}= \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left({1 -{k}^{2}}\right){L}_{2}{C}_{\text{eq }}}};{C}_{1}= -\left({1 +\frac{M}{{L}_{1}}}\right) E$,其中$k$$M$ 分别为电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 间的耦合系数和互感,$k =$ $\frac{M}{\sqrt{{L}_{1}{L}_{2}}}$
由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 的单向导电性,当电感${L}_{1}$ 中的电流下降到零,即${i}_{1}\left({t}_{2}\right)= 0$ 时,模态 2 结束。
考虑到电感${L}_{1}$ 的范围$\left({L}_{1}\right.$ 的范围一般为数百微亨)及电路的工作频率(数十千赫兹),因此有
${Et}/{L}_{1}\approx 0 $
将式(6)代入式(5)的第 3 式,可得模态 2 持续时间${T}_{2}$
${T}_{2}= {t}_{2}- {t}_{1}\approx \frac{\arcsin \left(\frac{{L}_{1}{i}_{1}\left({t}_{1}\right)}{M{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{C}_{1}}\right)}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}$
将式(6)和(7)代入式(5),当模态结束时${i}_{2}\left({t}_{2}\right)$${U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left({t}_{2}\right)$ 的近似值为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left({t}_{2}\right)= {C}_{1}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{T}_{2}}\right)+ \frac{ME}{{L}_{1}}\\{i}_{2}\left({t}_{2}\right)= {C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{C}_{1}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}{T}_{2}}\right)\end{array}\right.$
模态 3 开始于${i}_{1}\left({t}_{2}\right)= 0$,虽然此时功率开关管的驱动信号并未撤除,但由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 的单向导电性, 使得电流不能反向流动。在这一模态中, 储存在${C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 中的能量逐步转移到电感${L}_{2}$ 中,使得负载电压逐渐下降。模态 3 的等效电路如图6 所示。
很显然,在这一模态中,只有电感${L}_{2}$$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载等效电容${C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 发生谐振,因此有
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}- {U}_{\mathrm{c}}= 0 \\{i}_{2}= -{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{U}_{\mathrm{c}}}{\mathrm{d}t}\end{array}\right.$
将该模态的初始条件${i}_{2}\left({t}_{2}\right)$${U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left({t}_{2}\right)$ 代入式 (9) 得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left( t\right)= A\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}t}\right)+ B\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}t}\right)\\{i}_{2}\left( t\right)= B{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}t}\right)- A{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}t}\right)\end{array}\right.$
式中:${\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}= \sqrt{\frac{1}{{L}_{2}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}}};A =- {i}_{2}\left({t}_{2}\right)\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{2}}{{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}}};B ={U}_{\mathrm{c}}\left({t}_{2}\right)$
由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的钳位特性,当$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 型负载上的电压下降到$- E$,即
${U}_{\mathrm{c}}= - E $
这时, 模态 3 结束, 将这一条件代入式 (10) 的第 1 式,可求得模态 3 持续时间${T}_{3}$
${T}_{3}= {t}_{3}- {t}_{2}= \\\frac{\arcsin \left(\frac{-E}{\sqrt{{A}^{2}+ {B}^{2}}}\right)- \arcsin \left(\frac{B}{\sqrt{{A}^{2}+ {B}^{2}}}\right)}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}}$
此时,可得${i}_{2}\left({t}_{3}\right)$ 的值近似为
${i}_{2}\left({t}_{3}\right)= B{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{T}_{3}}\right)- A{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{n}}{T}_{3}}\right)$
在这个模态中,由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 导通,所以使得存在于电感${L}_{2}$ 的能量通过二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 回馈到电源${E}_{\circ }$ 图7 为模态 4 的等效电路。
图7 可得, 模态 4 的约束方程为
$ E =- {L}_{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}$
代入初始值${i}_{2}\left({t}_{3}\right)$ 可得
${i}_{2}\left( t\right)= -\frac{E}{{L}_{2}}t +{i}_{2}\left({t}_{3}\right)$
如电路工作频率为$f$,则模态 4 的持续时间${T}_{4}$
${T}_{4}= {t}_{4}- {t}_{3}= 1/f -{T}_{1}- {T}_{2}- {T}_{3}$
此外, 由于电路工作的对称性, 当模态 4 结束时,电流${i}_{2}$ 还应满足
${i}_{2}\left({t}_{4}\right)= {i}_{2}\left({t}_{0}\right)$
很显然,利用式(2)、式(3)、式(5)、式(8)、式(10)、 式(13)、式(15)和式(17)就能对各模态中的电气量进行求解, 并由此来分析电路的特性。
决定 DBD 负载性能的电压指标主要为电压峰值和电压变化率。DBD 负载电压峰值不仅直接决定了 DBD 负载的放电强度, 而且间接决定了电感${L}_{2}$ 及二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的耐压性;$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载上的电压变化率则决定了负载的放电效率。因此必须对 DBD 负载的电压峰值及其变化率进行分析。由电路的模态分析及图2 可知, DBD 负载的峰值电压出现在模态 2。由式 (5) 可得, DBD 型负载的电压${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}$ 表达式近似为
${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}\left( t\right)= -\left({1 +\frac{M}{{L}_{1}}}\right) E\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}t}\right)+ \frac{ME}{{L}_{1}}$
对式 (18)求导,可得负载上的电压变化率为
$\frac{\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}\left( t\right)}{\mathrm{d}t}= \left({1 +\frac{M}{{L}_{1}}}\right) E{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}t}\right)$
令式(19)等于零,可得当$t =\frac{\pi }{{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}$ 时,${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}\left( t\right)$ 取得最大值, 该最大值为
${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}= {V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}\left(\frac{\pi }{{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}\right)= -\left({1 +\frac{M}{{L}_{1}}}\right) E\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}\frac{\pi }{{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right)+ \\\frac{ME}{{L}_{1}}= \left({1 +\frac{2M}{{L}_{1}}}\right) E =\left({1 +{2k}\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{1}}}}\right) E $
由式 (20) 可以看出, DBD 负载的电压峰值与耦合电感的耦合系数$k$,供电电源的直流电压$E$,电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 比值的平方根成正比。当电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 的耦合系数$k$ 接近 1 时,该峰值电压就取决于供电电源的直流电压$E$ 的数值与电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 的线圈匝比。
由式 (19) 可以看出, DBD 负载电压的上升率与时间密切相关, 考虑到正极性脉冲电压上升时间比较短,因此可用该电压的平均电压上升率来近似描述负载电压的变化率, DBD 负载电压的平均电压上升率的表达式为
${\left.\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/\mathrm{d}t\right|}_{\mathrm{{av}}}= \frac{E}{\pi \sqrt{\left({1 -{k}^{2}}\right){C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}}}\left({\frac{2}{\sqrt{{L}_{2}}}+ \frac{2k}{\sqrt{{L}_{1}}}}\right)$
根据式 (20)、(21),图8图9 分别给出了负载电压峰值${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 、电压平均上升率$\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/\mathrm{d}{\left. t\right|}_{\mathrm{{av}}}$ 和电感${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 数值的关系曲线。具体的额定参数如下:${L}_{1}= {654.94\mu }\mathrm{H}\text{、}{L}_{2}= {145.37}\mathrm{{mH}}\text{、}E ={200}\mathrm{\;V}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}= {10}\mathrm{{pF}}$$k ={0.995}$ (这是考虑到电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 一般绕在同一线圈上, 耦合系数接近 1)。需要说明的是,图8(a) 和(b)、图9(a)和(b)为维持其他参数不变,只改变${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 获得的关系曲线。
图8 可以看出,电压峰值${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 与电感${L}_{1}$ 的数值负相关,与电感${L}_{2}$ 的数值正相关。当${L}_{1}$ 数值由小变大时,${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 的值会经历一个急剧下降和平滑下降的过程。造成这一现象的原因是${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 的值与${L}_{1}$ 数值的平方根呈反比 (式 20)。而当${L}_{2}$ 数值由小变大时,${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 的值会平滑上升,这是由于${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\text{_peak }}$ 的值与${L}_{2}$ 数值的平方根呈正比 (式 20)。虽然减少${L}_{1}$ 的线圈匝数可以提高负载电压的峰值, 但减少${L}_{1}$ 的线圈匝数会导致磁芯损耗增加,以及出现线圈饱和的风险,因此本文提出脉冲式供电电源,建议通过增加${L}_{2}$ 的线圈匝数来提高负载电压的峰值。由图9 可以看出, 负载电压平均上升率与电感${L}_{1}$ 和电感${L}_{2}$ 的数值均呈现负相关的特性,并且${\left.\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/\mathrm{d}t\right|}_{\mathrm{{av}}}$${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的关系曲线形状基本一致。 这是由于${\left.\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/\mathrm{d}t\right|}_{\mathrm{{av}}}$${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 数值的平方根呈反比 (式(21))。需要指出的是,降低${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的匝数虽然能提高负载电压的上升率,但降低${L}_{2}$ 的线圈匝数会降低${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak }}$ 的值,减小${L}_{1}$ 的线圈匝数会增加磁芯损耗和磁饱和的风险。因此在实际应用中必须根据$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载的特点合理设计线圈${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的匝数。${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的线圈匝数快速设计步骤可归纳如下:
(1)根据 DBD 负载所能承受极限电压,确定 DBD 负载最大的工作电压值${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\text{_peak }}$,一般${V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\text{_peak }}$ 可取 DBD 负载承受极限电压的 0.7~0.8 倍;
(2)根据 DBD 负载电压上升率期望值,设定 DBD 负载电压的平均电压上升率;
(3)考虑到${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 耦合系数接近 1,不失一般性, 可取$k ={0.995}$,将其代入式(20)和(21)可得
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}\_ \text{peak}}= \left({1 +{1.99}\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{1}}}}\right) E \\\mathrm{\;d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/\mathrm{d}{t}_{\mathrm{{lav}}}= \frac{E}{\pi \sqrt{{9.975}\times {10}^{-3}{C}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}}}\\\left({\frac{2}{\sqrt{{L}_{2}}}+ \frac{1.99}{\sqrt{{L}_{1}}}}\right)\end{array}.}\right.$
(4)将预期的电源电压$E$ 和负载的等效电容${C}_{\text{eq }}$ 代入,对式 (22) 进行求解,获得${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 的值;
(5)通过查阅电路拟使用的磁芯材料技术手册获得该磁芯的电感系数${A}_{\mathrm{L}}$,并使用线圈匝数和电感值的约束关系,获得${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的线圈匝数${N}_{1}$${N}_{2}$ (式(23))。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{N}_{1}= \sqrt{\frac{{L}_{1}}{{A}_{\mathrm{L}}}}\\{N}_{2}= \sqrt{\frac{{L}_{2}}{{A}_{\mathrm{L}}}}\end{array}\right.$
功率开关管的软开关是实现该电路模态的关键条件, 当开关管脉宽占空比过大时, 输出电压波形会出现多个波头。通过前述的分析可知, 二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 均属于零电流开通和零电流关断。从电路工作波形 (图2) 可以看出, 当功率开关管开通时, 电路中已无电流流过, 因此功率开关管为零电流开通。但如果要实现零电流关断,则必须使功率开关管在模态 3 中关断,即图2${t}_{2}- {t}_{3}$ 阶段关断。这是由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 的单向导电性,在${t}_{2}- {t}_{3}$ 阶段,流过功率开关管的电流将为零。因此要实现功率开关管的零电流关断,功率开关管驱动信号的宽度${T}_{\text{pulse }}$ 必须满足
${T}_{1}+ {T}_{2}\leq {T}_{\text{pulse }}\leq {T}_{1}+ {T}_{2}+ {T}_{3}$
为验证本文的构造电路的正确性, 按照图1 所示的电路构建一个实验电路, 整个测试电路图如图10(a)所示。其中 DBD 负载使用 DBD 型准分子灯 (图10(b)给出了实验中使用的准分子灯放电图),具体的参数如下: DBD 灯管长度为${59}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,灯的内径和外径分别为${25}\text{、}{45}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$; 放电间隙为$1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$; 填充的气体为$\mathrm{{XeCl}}$ (氯化氙);灯的内电极为铜箔, 外电极由包裹在 DBD 灯外部的铜网制成。实验电路中主要参数如表1 所示。
根据这些参数, 选择了供电电源的工作频率为${15}\mathrm{{kHz}}$${20}\mathrm{{kHz}}$,功率开关管的占空比为$5\%$ 来验证供电电源的可行性。图11 给出了不同工作频率下功率开关管电流${i}_{1}$ 和功率开关管驱动信号的实验波形。
图11 中可以看出, 功率开关管实现了零电流开通和零电流关断。需要指出的是, 在图11(a) 和(b)中,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 的电流在过零点后,会出现电流微小的变负状况, 造成这一状况的原因可能是二极管寄生参数的影响, 但这一过程对功率开关管实现零电流关断并无影响。
图12图13 分别给出了 DBD 负载的负载电压 VDBD 和功率开关管电流${i}_{1}$ 在在不同工作频率下的仿真波形和实验波形(仿真波形中的电流波形放大了 100 倍)。
图12图13 可以看出, 仿真和实验波形具有良好的一致性, 这也直接说明了电路拓扑的正确性和可行性。在${15}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 时的波形中,负载产生快速脉冲之前,电压波形有个谐振,其原因是当开关频率减小时,周期增大,${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 中的电流提前降为零,$\mathrm{{DBD}}$ 负载和耦合电感${L}_{2}$ 发生谐振产生了这个突起。此外, 从实验波形可以明显观察到, 在这组参数下, 负载电压平均上升率$\mathrm{d}{V}_{\mathrm{{DBD}}}/{\left.\mathrm{d}t\right|}_{\mathrm{{av}}}$ 接近$8 \times {10}^{8}\mathrm{\;V}/\mathrm{s}$,远大于一般的负载谐振型波形连续式供电电源, 这也有力证明了本文所提出的供电电源能有效地发挥介质阻挡放电负载的性能。
本文提出了一种简易的单极性正向脉冲电路拓扑, 并对该拓扑进行了详细的理论分析和实验验证, 理论和实验结果表明:
(1)本文提出的拓扑结构具有结构简单的特征;
(2)电路中所有功率器件均能实现软开关;
(3)使用本文提出的电路拓扑, DBD型负载上产生的脉冲电压具有较高电压变化率。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51207026)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.405
  • 接收时间:2021-04-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-20
  • 修回日期:2021-08-10
  • 录用日期:2021-08-23
基金
Youth Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51207026)
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51207026)
作者信息
    广东工业大学 自动化学院 广州 510006
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