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To effectively reduce the inconsistency of series lithium-ion batteries in use, a novel equalization topology with the combination of a Cuk equalizer and a double-layer selector switch is proposed, which can quickly realize the energy transfer between any single cells and improve the equalization speed. According to the characteristics of the open circuit voltage (OCV)-state-of-charge (SOC) curve, piecewise equalization is adopted with voltage and SOC as equalization variables, and a fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is designed to dynamically adjust the equalization current to reduce the equalization time and energy loss. Matlab/Simulink software is used to build a model and conduct simulations. Experimental results show that the energy transfer topology proposed in this paper saves of the equalization time by 22.17% compared with the traditional topology of energy transfer between adjacent cells of Cuk circuit. In addition, compared with the mean difference algorithm, the FLC algorithm improves the time efficiency by more than 30% and the energy efficiency by about 11% under static and charge-discharge conditions. Therefore, the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme is verified.
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为了有效减小串联锂离子电池组在使用过程中的不一致性,提出一种使用 Cuk均衡器结合双层选择开关的新型均衡拓扑,该拓扑能够快速地实现任意单体间的能量传递,提高均衡速度。根据开路电压 OCV(open circuit voltage)-荷电状态 SOC(state-of-charge)曲线的特性,采取分段式均衡,将电压和 SOC 作为均衡变量,并设计模糊逻辑控制 FLC(fuzzy logic control)算法动态调节均衡电流,以减少均衡时间和能量损耗。使用Matlab/Simulink 软件进行模型搭建并仿真,实验结果表明,所提出的能量传递拓扑比传统 Cuk电路在相邻单体间能量传递的拓扑要节省22.17%的均衡时间。此外,与均值差分算法相比,使用FLC 算法在静置和充放电条件下,提高了30%以上的时间效率和约11%的能量效率。验证了该均衡方案的可行性。
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齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。 |
张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。
王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。
徐海宾(1969-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:3458771310@qq.com。
张捷靖(1979-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:zjj2021zjj@163.com。
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齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。
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张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。
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张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。
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王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。
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Equalization scheme based on improved Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=69/1oU5VFbAJK8guXG5+NA==, figureFileBig=T1EktdGJr8RMmOCGFa1wuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656424730799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
基于改进的 Cuk 电路均衡方案, figureFileSmall=69/1oU5VFbAJK8guXG5+NA==, figureFileBig=T1EktdGJr8RMmOCGFa1wuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656496033969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Process of equalization energy transfer, figureFileSmall=KyQmt9CMyOOKPTHoR0s2cg==, figureFileBig=P1saNBGGxhS/DsgNa44f4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656546365618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
均衡能量传递过程, figureFileSmall=KyQmt9CMyOOKPTHoR0s2cg==, figureFileBig=P1saNBGGxhS/DsgNa44f4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656600891571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Circuit state when switch ${Q}_{1}$ is turned on, figureFileSmall=oQsvX4l0r7m2SuO7bz9DCg==, figureFileBig=U06G4CfCKb+2pViqEIB6og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656655417524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
开关管 ${\mathbf{Q}}_{1}$ 导通时的电路状态, figureFileSmall=oQsvX4l0r7m2SuO7bz9DCg==, figureFileBig=U06G4CfCKb+2pViqEIB6og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656709943477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Circuit state when switch ${Q}_{1}$ is turned off, figureFileSmall=alt7Z0KXpzV2EDfqQYWApg==, figureFileBig=+3a0WW8gFL40/a5nPoV//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656760275126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
开关管 ${\mathbf{Q}}_{1}$ 断开时的电路状态, figureFileSmall=alt7Z0KXpzV2EDfqQYWApg==, figureFileBig=+3a0WW8gFL40/a5nPoV//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656818995383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
OCV-SOC curve, figureFileSmall=IGNujN1FaZKDZbm2tRwJkw==, figureFileBig=QuQlC3x9iI5cTNh3iYBmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656873521336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
OCV-SOC 关系曲线, figureFileSmall=IGNujN1FaZKDZbm2tRwJkw==, figureFileBig=QuQlC3x9iI5cTNh3iYBmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656928047289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vzxp/7dqVVNE7417ImuKoQ==, figureFileBig=cnQ6cMewX9BT4tyhG18RjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656986767546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
OCV-SOC 斜率 Fig. 6 OCV-SOC slope, figureFileSmall=vzxp/7dqVVNE7417ImuKoQ==, figureFileBig=cnQ6cMewX9BT4tyhG18RjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657037099195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
SOC-OCV slope, figureFileSmall=f1kPDtuOqQg4DCQLo78Yxg==, figureFileBig=Mmnk4AzBhz6xRN5WIt9htA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657100013756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
SOC-OCV 斜率, figureFileSmall=f1kPDtuOqQg4DCQLo78Yxg==, figureFileBig=Mmnk4AzBhz6xRN5WIt9htA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657154539709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Block diagram of fuzzy logic control, figureFileSmall=PUTpqKH96K1V7G9xdHyiQQ==, figureFileBig=CtwWJKDdWNyB7OaAMxOgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657213259966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
模糊逻辑控制框图, figureFileSmall=PUTpqKH96K1V7G9xdHyiQQ==, figureFileBig=CtwWJKDdWNyB7OaAMxOgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657280368832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Flow chart of battery equalization scheme based on fuzzy logic control, figureFileSmall=p0XTfqyRK2EiE+EASAjorw==, figureFileBig=QJStwv2vcXhnV7GTahmmgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657364254913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
基于模糊逻辑控制的电池均衡方案流程, figureFileSmall=p0XTfqyRK2EiE+EASAjorw==, figureFileBig=QJStwv2vcXhnV7GTahmmgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657414586562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
FLC membership function based on SOC, figureFileSmall=NREInSy6p7Gp5cXd8/kRgw==, figureFileBig=tOc+CKRIjFlm9fPPHObx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657464918211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
基于 SOC 的 FLC 隶属函数, figureFileSmall=NREInSy6p7Gp5cXd8/kRgw==, figureFileBig=tOc+CKRIjFlm9fPPHObx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657548804292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
FLC membership function based on voltage, figureFileSmall=Rtdn5/kL6O/hsVKgDsD4Lg==, figureFileBig=3N3lBcbcr+5tvlLj4zcUEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657628496070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
基于电压的 FLC 隶属函数, figureFileSmall=Rtdn5/kL6O/hsVKgDsD4Lg==, figureFileBig=3N3lBcbcr+5tvlLj4zcUEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657691410633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Fuzzy inference input/output surface, figureFileSmall=oO0Xk4c8uxPrsL/SsLVSxA==, figureFileBig=nLEDEBWIibUtmWdMr1t/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657750130891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
模糊推理输入/输出曲面, figureFileSmall=oO0Xk4c8uxPrsL/SsLVSxA==, figureFileBig=nLEDEBWIibUtmWdMr1t/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657825628366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Equalization topology of traditional Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=LKoycwT+g2mcHFSE3eSzLQ==, figureFileBig=YiNw7xfF70ht38/HxpaqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657901125841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
传统 Cuk 电路均衡拓扑, figureFileSmall=LKoycwT+g2mcHFSE3eSzLQ==, figureFileBig=YiNw7xfF70ht38/HxpaqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657959846100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Novel equalization topology based on Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=S7hLXgL3fPalW6SQAuGWKg==, figureFileBig=29dha0bd/TclZqCZFMjqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658056315095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
基于 Cuk 电路的新型均衡拓扑, figureFileSmall=S7hLXgL3fPalW6SQAuGWKg==, figureFileBig=29dha0bd/TclZqCZFMjqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658119229658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=
Static equalization, figureFileSmall=GepkHjDwAXmMHboa+iM2NA==, figureFileBig=kN4NKPsdezkyZQ1mHtvpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658177949917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
静置均衡, figureFileSmall=GepkHjDwAXmMHboa+iM2NA==, figureFileBig=kN4NKPsdezkyZQ1mHtvpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658257641697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=
Charge equalization, figureFileSmall=Rpa6wKxlTripGz399NIjWQ==, figureFileBig=6Euo6UHzHm44pjouLXUCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658316361956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
充电均衡, figureFileSmall=Rpa6wKxlTripGz399NIjWQ==, figureFileBig=6Euo6UHzHm44pjouLXUCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658404442343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=
Discharge equalization, figureFileSmall=8ztCgBChdo4FzDM4n6E+tA==, figureFileBig=J3WppH1odo8WnXmQH8Xvnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658467356906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
放电均衡, figureFileSmall=8ztCgBChdo4FzDM4n6E+tA==, figureFileBig=J3WppH1odo8WnXmQH8Xvnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658555437295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=
Changes in SOC before and after equalization, figureFileSmall=ZrEZYeiqbMXjlMJ95I5slA==, figureFileBig=GN4gEd8HxvN2abKxTBjI8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658626740465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
均衡前和均衡后的 SOC 变化, figureFileSmall=ZrEZYeiqbMXjlMJ95I5slA==, figureFileBig=GN4gEd8HxvN2abKxTBjI8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658714820852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Fuzzy rule, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| ${I}_{\text{equ }}$ | $\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}\left({\Delta U}\right)$ |
| VS | S | M | L | VL |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ $\left({U}_{\mathrm{{dif}}}\right)$ | VS | VS(VS) | S(VS) | M(S) | L(S) | L(M) |
| S | S(S) | M(S) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) |
| M | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) | VL(VL) |
| L | S(S) | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) |
| VL | VS(VS) | S(S) | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) |
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658807095543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
模糊规则, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| ${I}_{\text{equ }}$ | $\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}\left({\Delta U}\right)$ |
| VS | S | M | L | VL |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ $\left({U}_{\mathrm{{dif}}}\right)$ | VS | VS(VS) | S(VS) | M(S) | L(S) | L(M) |
| S | S(S) | M(S) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) |
| M | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) | VL(VL) |
| L | S(S) | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) | VL(VL) |
| VL | VS(VS) | S(S) | M(M) | L(L) | L(L) |
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658882593018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Comparison between two equalization topologies, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 拓扑类型 | 均衡性能 | 元器件数量 |
| 均衡时长$/\mathrm{s}$ | 电感 | 电容 | PWM 开关 | 普通开关 |
| 本文拓扑 | 646 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 |
| 传统拓扑 | 830 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658979062012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
2种均衡拓扑比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 拓扑类型 | 均衡性能 | 元器件数量 |
| 均衡时长$/\mathrm{s}$ | 电感 | 电容 | PWM 开关 | 普通开关 |
| 本文拓扑 | 646 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 |
| 传统拓扑 | 830 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154038659037782269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
Results of comparison of static equalization experiment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 电池序号 | SOC/% |
| 基于均值差分算法 (MDA) | 基于模糊逻辑控制 (FLC) |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{1}$ | 67.83 | 67.50 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{2}$ | 67.00 | 67.20 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{3}$ | 66.80 | 67.04 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{4}$ | 66.78 | 67.00 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{5}$ | 66.65 | 66.66 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{6}$ | 65.00 | 66.48 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154038659100696830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
静置均衡对比实验结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 电池序号 | SOC/% |
| 基于均值差分算法 (MDA) | 基于模糊逻辑控制 (FLC) |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{1}$ | 67.83 | 67.50 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{2}$ | 67.00 | 67.20 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{3}$ | 66.80 | 67.04 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{4}$ | 66.78 | 67.00 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{5}$ | 66.65 | 66.66 |
| ${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{6}$ | 65.00 | 66.48 |
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