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In a closed-loop control system, the aging monitoring method for power devices based on electrical parameters is one of the difficulties in the field of power electronics reliability. The direct torque control (DTC) system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is taken as an example, and an on-line monitoring method for the aged state of power devices in a power inverter is studied based on the phase diagram of flux linkage and current. First, the aged characteristics of power devices are analyzed, and it is concluded that the on-state resistance will increase due to the aging of bond wires. Second, the relationship between power device bond wires aging and the phase diagram of flux linkage and the relationship between aging and direct axis current and three-phase current peak value are studied, and the aging monitoring methods are proposed accordingly. Finally, through several groups of simulation experiments, it is verified that both the monitoring method based on the phase diagram of flux linkage and the monitoring method based on current can realize on-line monitoring of the aged state of power device bond wires in the power inverter. The monitoring method based on the phase diagram of flux linkage is easy to observe when there are some fluctuations in the system flux, so it is not desirable considering that the power device has already been in a failure state at the same time. In comparison, the monitoring method based on three-phase current can more accurately monitor the aged state of power devices, and its effect is more advantageous.
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在闭环控制系统中,基于电参数的功率器件老化监测方法是电力电子可靠性领域的难点之一。以永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统为例,研究基于磁链相图和电流的功率逆变器中功率器件老化状态的在线监测方法。首先,分析功率器件老化的特征,得到键合线老化引起通态电阻增加的结论;其次,研究得到功率器件键合线老化与磁链相图、直轴电流和三相电流峰值变化的关系,进而提出功率器件键合线老化的监测方法;最后,通过多组仿真实验验证了基于磁链相图和电流的在线监测方法均可实现功率逆变器中功率器件键合线老化状态的在线监测。其中,基于磁链相图的在线监测方法需要系统磁链出现一些波动时才易观测,此时功率器件处于失效状态,该方法并不可取;而基于三相电流的监测方法能够更为精确地监测功率器件的老化情况,效果更为优越。
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 |
赵相睿(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:永磁同步电机的故障诊断。E-mail: 894467322@qq.com。 |
董超(1978-),男,硕士,副研究员。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程。E-mail: dongpengjin@163.com。
姚婉荣(1983-),女,本科,工程师。研究方向:新能源汽车控制技术。E-mail: yaowanrong4218@dingtalk.com。
杜明星(1980-),男,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子装置可靠性与电磁兼容。E-mail: dumx@tjut.edu.cn。
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赵相睿(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:永磁同步电机的故障诊断。E-mail: 894467322@qq.com。
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姚婉荣(1983-),女,本科,工程师。研究方向:新能源汽车控制技术。E-mail: yaowanrong4218@dingtalk.com。
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63(4): 1274-1283., articleTitle=Aged monitoring of bond wires based on differential mode conducted interference spectrum for IGBT module, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154048206284513800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, awardId=20YDTPJC00510, language=EN, fundingSource=Tianjin Special Project for Guiding Technological Innovation(20YDTPJC00510), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048206347428362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, awardId=20YDTPJC00510, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市技术创新引导专项资助项目(20YDTPJC00510), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048196025245970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048196029440275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, companyId=1154048196025245970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 天津理工大学 天津市复杂系统控制理论及应用重点实验室 天津 300384)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154048198197895461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048198202089766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, companyId=1154048198197895461, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Tianjin Zhongke Huaying Technology Co., Ltd Tianjin 300300 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048198206284071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, companyId=1154048198197895461, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 天津中科华盈科技有限公司 天津 300300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154048202417365435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Block diagram of structure of PMSM DTC system, figureFileSmall=JveTO5vnth32iy6ZzBtfmg==, figureFileBig=tRUUIel7WD5curgqWzhIDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202497057212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
永磁同步电机直接转矩系统结构框图, figureFileSmall=JveTO5vnth32iy6ZzBtfmg==, figureFileBig=tRUUIel7WD5curgqWzhIDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202551583166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Three-phase inverter of PMSM, figureFileSmall=lZwHQdCKjqQJdz9zXDAEhg==, figureFileBig=4Y4QYbq4mPEfiFrCf9rqog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202610303424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
永磁同步电机三相逆变器, figureFileSmall=lZwHQdCKjqQJdz9zXDAEhg==, figureFileBig=4Y4QYbq4mPEfiFrCf9rqog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202706772419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Aged characterization of bond wires inside IGBT module, figureFileSmall=5ptd5KP34xiBVtbxpYfXAQ==, figureFileBig=mNcOo31qzBHOTXv040jRlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202782269893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
IGBT 模块内部键合线老化表征, figureFileSmall=5ptd5KP34xiBVtbxpYfXAQ==, figureFileBig=mNcOo31qzBHOTXv040jRlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202832601544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Torque and flux linkage when impedance of power device ${\mathbf{Q}}_{1}$ is $\mathbf{0}{.72\Omega }$, figureFileSmall=Uof2NVgm8cKNpyM63YKPsw==, figureFileBig=v5qP0N6cfeL0EhPzjGHAqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202895516107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
功率器件 ${Q}_{1}$ 的阻抗为 ${0.72\Omega }$ 的转矩和磁链, figureFileSmall=Uof2NVgm8cKNpyM63YKPsw==, figureFileBig=v5qP0N6cfeL0EhPzjGHAqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048202945847759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Phase diagram of flux linkage and sector distribution in healthy state of power devices, figureFileSmall=3j4hTBW7PFqiudkSQotLKw==, figureFileBig=LfXg0OeubnTS+DFGu4uE+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048203000373715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
功率器件健康状态下磁链相图和扇区分布, figureFileSmall=3j4hTBW7PFqiudkSQotLKw==, figureFileBig=LfXg0OeubnTS+DFGu4uE+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048203059093975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Phase diagram of flux linkage in aged state of different power devices, figureFileSmall=jakcAjbh2oZlAZG8Tb28Xg==, figureFileBig=rhpEEN4nE+mD7luJwED9jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048204988473820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同功率器件老化状态下的磁链相图, figureFileSmall=jakcAjbh2oZlAZG8Tb28Xg==, figureFileBig=rhpEEN4nE+mD7luJwED9jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205051388384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Changes in ${i}_{d}$ and ${i}_{q}$ after aging of power devices, figureFileSmall=pzE2ti8h8DTg6zFtDN0PFQ==, figureFileBig=Eziqp5ZNVC5eS6lGWtp5Eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205114302948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
功率器件老化后 ${i}_{d}$ 和 ${i}_{q}$ 的变化, figureFileSmall=pzE2ti8h8DTg6zFtDN0PFQ==, figureFileBig=Eziqp5ZNVC5eS6lGWtp5Eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205189800422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Changes in ${i}_{d}$ after aging of power devices, figureFileSmall=ZRuwBRKA+yU05H1Tvo4F/w==, figureFileBig=GYOmlcK4N1kdznGiLZYz8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205252714984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
功率器件老化后 ${i}_{d}$ 的变化, figureFileSmall=ZRuwBRKA+yU05H1Tvo4F/w==, figureFileBig=GYOmlcK4N1kdznGiLZYz8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205311435243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Changes in three-phase current after aging of power devices, figureFileSmall=WToIbrlsCDB7XnjnBQ5xkA==, figureFileBig=ReVEv0KpTUrenkba7DdhbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205395321327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
功率器件老化后三相电流的变化, figureFileSmall=WToIbrlsCDB7XnjnBQ5xkA==, figureFileBig=ReVEv0KpTUrenkba7DdhbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205458235890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Changes in three-phase current after aging of different power devices, figureFileSmall=G5gwX3rtYgXNt4DzF94pHg==, figureFileBig=foRGourHPcO0FZ8BeZSseg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205542121973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同功率器件老化后三相电流的变化, figureFileSmall=G5gwX3rtYgXNt4DzF94pHg==, figureFileBig=foRGourHPcO0FZ8BeZSseg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205617619446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Changes in characteristic current waveform after aging of different power devices, figureFileSmall=YCID3GesomA07kTayeGLeg==, figureFileBig=jfPiTg+OwZQMXb7GDiNKGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205667951096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
不同功率器件老化后其特征电流的波形变化, figureFileSmall=YCID3GesomA07kTayeGLeg==, figureFileBig=jfPiTg+OwZQMXb7GDiNKGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048205743448570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Setting of motor parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 定子电阻$R/\Omega$ | 1.3 |
| 电枢电感$L/\mathrm{{mH}}$ | 0.85 |
| 极对数${p}_{\mathrm{n}}$ | 2 |
| 永磁体磁链${\psi }_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{Wb}}$ | 0.175 |
| 转动惯量$J/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}}\right)$ | 0.0008 |
| 阻尼系数$B/\left({\mathrm{N}\cdot \mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{s}}\right)$ | 0.0001 |
| 直流侧电压${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\mathrm{V}$ | 300 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048205806363132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
电机参数设定, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 定子电阻$R/\Omega$ | 1.3 |
| 电枢电感$L/\mathrm{{mH}}$ | 0.85 |
| 极对数${p}_{\mathrm{n}}$ | 2 |
| 永磁体磁链${\psi }_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{Wb}}$ | 0.175 |
| 转动惯量$J/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}}\right)$ | 0.0008 |
| 阻尼系数$B/\left({\mathrm{N}\cdot \mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{s}}\right)$ | 0.0001 |
| 直流侧电压${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\mathrm{V}$ | 300 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048205873471998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Aged state monitoring of power devices based on phase diagram of flux linkage, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 扇区分布 | 老化功率器件 |
| 扇区 I | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{2}$ |
| 扇区 II | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{5}$ |
| 扇区皿 | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{4}$ |
| 扇区IV | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ |
| 扇区 V | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{6}$ |
| 扇区VI | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{3}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048205927997952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于磁链相图的功率器件老化状态监测, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 扇区分布 | 老化功率器件 |
| 扇区 I | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{2}$ |
| 扇区 II | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{5}$ |
| 扇区皿 | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{4}$ |
| 扇区IV | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ |
| 扇区 V | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{6}$ |
| 扇区VI | ${\mathrm{Q}}_{3}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048205990912514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
Aged state monitoring of power devices based on three-phase current, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 老化功率器件 | 电流特征值 |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{2}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{3}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{B}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{4}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{B}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{5}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{6}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048206066409988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037280730764091, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
基于三相电流的功率器件老化状态监测, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 老化功率器件 | 电流特征值 |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{2}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{3}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{B}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{4}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{B}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{5}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\downarrow$ |
| ${\mathrm{Q}}_{6}$ | ${i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left({P}_{\max }\right)\uparrow$ |
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