Article(id=1154037276033143592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1637164800000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-18, revisedDate=1650384000000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-20, acceptedDate=1651680000000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-05, onlineDate=1753073527582, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1722268800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073527582, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073527582, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073527582, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154037268550509325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073525798, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780979931, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=236, endPage=242, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154037276486128427, articleId=1154037276033143592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Research on Estimation of Lithium Battery SOC Based on Second-order RC Equivalent Circuit and SR-DUKF Algorithm, columnId=1152281491788100462, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Battery and Energy Storage, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The state-of-charge(SOC) of lithium-ion battery is an important parameter for the operation and maintenance of a battery management system(BMS), and its accurate estimation is related to the real-time monitoring and safety control of lithium-ion battery. The traditional unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm has the risk of making the covariance matrix negative when estimating the SOC of lithium battery, and the estimation accuracy is not optimal. To solve the shortcomings of this algorithm, a ternary lithium-ion battery is taken as the research object, and a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established to describe the working characteristics of the battery. Based on the traditional UKF algorithm, a square-root double unscented Kalman filter(SR-DUKF) algorithm with double unscented transformation is proposed, and it is verified under multiple working conditions. Experimental results show that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm can better estimate the SOC of lithium-ion battery based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit. The average errors under HPPC and BBDST conditions are 0.59% and 0.52%, respectively, and the convergence times are 60 s and 110s, respectively, which verifies that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm has a higher estimation accuracy, better convergence and better robustness.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xianyi JIA, Shunli WANG, Wen CAO, Jialu QIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154037338570215517, articleId=1154037276033143592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于二阶RC等效电路和SR-DUKF算法的锂电池SOC估算研究, columnId=1149830274575463188, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电池与储能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

锂离子电池的荷电状态是电池管理系统BMS(battery management system)运维的重要参数,对其准确估算关系到锂离子电池的实时监测和安全控制。传统无迹卡尔曼滤波 UKF(unscented Kalman filter)算法在估算锂电池SOC时有使协方差矩阵负定的风险,存在估计精度不高的问题。为解决该算法的不足,以三元锂电池为研究对象,建立二阶RC等效电路模型对电池的工作特性进行表征,在传统的UKF 算法基础上提出一种双 UT 变换的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波 SR-DUKF(square-root double unscented Kalman filter)算法,并结合多种工况对改进后的算法进行验证。实验结果表明,改进后的SR-DUKF 算法通过二阶RC等效电路能够较好地对锂离子电池SOC进行估算,在HPPC、BBDST 工况下的平均误差分别为0.59%、0.52%,2种工况下的收敛时间分别为60s和110s,验证了改进后 SR-DUKF 算法具有更高的估算精度、更好的收敛性及更优的鲁棒性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oCYXaxN7abMOtiXo5hPhdg==, magXml=LXuNeiMc7gl/TvX6dKs15Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hs8OoEXfNr2jBdQtq8aNvg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LvldIH86iYggViyQIBIi2A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。

王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。

曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。

乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。

, authorsList=贾先屹, 王顺利, 曹文, 乔家璐)}, authors=[Author(id=1154048215864300318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiaxianyijob@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154048215943992098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048215864300318, language=EN, stringName=Xianyi JIA, firstName=Xianyi, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154048216019489576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048215864300318, language=CN, stringName=贾先屹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010, bio={"img":"+J/6ommcZaoQ2sFpmqq2LQ==","content":"

贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。

"}, bioImg=+J/6ommcZaoQ2sFpmqq2LQ==, bioContent=

贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048213062505219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048213066699524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048215784608536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010)])]), Author(id=1154048216099181356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangshunli@swust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154048216782852924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048216099181356, language=EN, stringName=Shunli WANG, firstName=Shunli, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154048216845767487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048216099181356, language=CN, stringName=王顺利, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010, bio={"content":"

王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048213062505219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048213066699524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048215784608536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010)])]), Author(id=1154048216917070660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=caowen@swust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154048216988373833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048216917070660, language=EN, stringName=Wen CAO, firstName=Wen, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154048217059677002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048216917070660, language=CN, stringName=曹文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010, bio={"content":"

曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048213062505219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048213066699524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048215784608536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010)])]), Author(id=1154048217156145997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=529755647@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154048217219060560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048217156145997, language=EN, stringName=Jialu QIAO, firstName=Jialu, middleName=null, lastName=QIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154048217273586514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, authorId=1154048217156145997, language=CN, stringName=乔家璐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010, bio={"content":"

乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048213062505219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048213066699524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048215784608536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1154048218481546090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Lithium-ion battery), Keyword(id=1154048218527683435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=second-order RC model), Keyword(id=1154048218586403692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=state-of-charge(SOC)), Keyword(id=1154048218657706861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=square-root double unscented Kalman filter(SR-DUKF)), Keyword(id=1154048218716427118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=battery management system (BMS)), Keyword(id=1154048218787730287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=锂离子电池), Keyword(id=1154048218838061936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=二阶RC模型), Keyword(id=1154048218888393585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=荷电状态), Keyword(id=1154048218934530930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=平方根双无迹卡尔曼滤波), Keyword(id=1154048218980668275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=电池管理系统)], refs=[Reference(id=1154048223116252098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=58, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=董祥祥, 武鹏, 葛传久, journalName=电工电能新技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董祥祥, 武鹏, 葛传久, 等. 基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池荷电状态估计[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2021. 40(2): 58-65., articleTitle=基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池荷电状态估计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223170778052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=58, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Dong Xiangxiang, Wu Peng, Ge Chuanjiu, journalName=Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Xiangxiang, Wu Peng, Ge Chuanjiu, et al. State of charge estimation of Li-ion battery based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2021. 40(2): 58-65 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=State of charge estimation of Li-ion battery based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223284024264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=481, issue=null, pageStart=228760, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Kawahara Y, Sakabe K, Nakao R, journalName=Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kawahara Y, Sakabe K, Nakao R, et al. Development of status detection method of lithium-ion rechargeable battery for hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021. 481: 228760., articleTitle=Development of status detection method of lithium-ion rechargeable battery for hybrid electric vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223405659084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=450, pageEnd=454, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=邹琳, 刘佳俊, 马国庆, journalName=电源技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹琳, 刘佳俊, 马国庆, 等. 基于双无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池 SOC估算[J]. 电源技术, 2021. 45(4): 450-454., articleTitle=基于双无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池 SOC估算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223489545166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=450, pageEnd=454, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Zou Lin, Liu Jiajun, Ma Guoqing, journalName=Chinese Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou Lin, Liu Jiajun, Ma Guoqing, et al. Estimation of state of charge of lithium battery based on dual unscented Kalman filter[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2021. 45(4): 450-454 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Estimation of state of charge of lithium battery based on dual unscented Kalman filter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223552459728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=376, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=林成涛, 王军平, 陈全世, journalName=电池, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林成涛, 王军平, 陈全世. 电动汽车 SOC 估计方法原理与应用[J]. 电池, 2004. 34(5): 376-378., articleTitle=电动汽车 SOC 估计方法原理与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223606985682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=376, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Lin Chengtao, Wang Junping, Chen Quanshi, journalName=Battery Bimonthly, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Chengtao, Wang Junping, Chen Quanshi. Methods for state of charge estimation of EV batteries and their application[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2004. 34(5): 376-378 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Methods for state of charge estimation of EV batteries and their application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223653123028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=123, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=续远, journalName=新型工业化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=续远. 基于安时积分法与开路电压法估测电池SOC[J]. 新型工业化, 2022. 12(1): 123-124., articleTitle=基于安时积分法与开路电压法估测电池SOC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223753786325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=123, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Xu Yuan, journalName=The Journal of New Industrialization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Yuan. Estimation of battery SOC based on ampere-hour integration method and open circuit voltage method[J]. The Journal of New Industrialization, 2022. 12(1): 123-124 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Estimation of battery SOC based on ampere-hour integration method and open circuit voltage method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223858643926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=99, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=黄煜, 朱立宗, journalName=时代汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄煜, 朱立宗. 电池 SOC 估算方法的研究现状[J]. 时代汽车, 2021. 8): 99-100., articleTitle=电池 SOC 估算方法的研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223913169879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=99, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Huang Yu, Zhu Lizong, journalName=Auto Time, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Yu, Zhu Lizong. Research status of battery SOC estimation methods[J]. Auto Time, 2021. 8): 99-100 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Research status of battery SOC estimation methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048223963501528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=14, issue=13, pageStart=59, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Rzepka B, Bischof S, Blank T, journalName=Energies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rzepka B, Bischof S, Blank T. Implementing an extended Kalman filter for SOC estimation of a Li-ion battery with hysteresis: A step-by-step guide[J]. Energies, 2021. 14(13): 59-68., articleTitle=Implementing an extended Kalman filter for SOC estimation of a Li-ion battery with hysteresis: A step-by-step guide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224018027481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=220, issue=null, pageStart=119767, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Li Xiaoyu, Huang Zhijia, Tian Jindong, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Xiaoyu, Huang Zhijia, Tian Jindong, et al. State-of-charge estimation tolerant of battery aging based on a physics-based model and an adaptive cubature Kalman filter[J]. Energy, 2021. 220: 119767., articleTitle=State-of-charge estimation tolerant of battery aging based on a physics-based model and an adaptive cubature Kalman filter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224085136346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=99876, pageEnd=99889, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Messing M, Rahimifard S, Shoa T, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Messing M, Rahimifard S, Shoa T, et al. Low temperature, current dependent battery state estimation using interacting multiple model strategy[J]. IEEE Access, 2021. 9: 99876-99889., articleTitle=Low temperature, current dependent battery state estimation using interacting multiple model strategy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224143856603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=615, pageEnd=621, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=叶泽浩, 毕红葵, 段敏, journalName=雷达科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶泽浩, 毕红葵, 段敏, 等. 自适应平方根球型无迹卡尔曼滤波算法[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2018. 16(6): 615-621., articleTitle=自适应平方根球型无迹卡尔曼滤波算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224202576860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=615, pageEnd=621, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Ye Zehao, Bi Hongkui, Duan Min, journalName=Radar Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye Zehao, Bi Hongkui, Duan Min, et al. Adaptive square root spherical unscented Kalman filtering algorithm[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2018. 16(6): 615-621 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Adaptive square root spherical unscented Kalman filtering algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224257102813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=9, pageStart=120, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李晓帆, 于少娟, journalName=计算机仿真, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓帆, 于少娟. 基于改进的 AUKF 锂离子电池荷电状态估计[J]. 计算机仿真, 2019. 36(9): 120-125., articleTitle=基于改进的 AUKF 锂离子电池荷电状态估计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224311628766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=9, pageStart=120, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li Xiaofan, Yu Shaojuan, journalName=Computer Simulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Xiaofan, Yu Shaojuan. State of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on novel AUKF[J]. Computer Simulation, 2019. 36(9): 120-125 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=State of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on novel AUKF, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224361960415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=126, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=李岩, 韩志刚, 蒋乙未, journalName=传感器与微系统, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李岩, 韩志刚, 蒋乙未, 等. 基于改进UKF算法的锂电池 SOC 精准估算[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2021. 40(6): 126-128., articleTitle=基于改进UKF算法的锂电池 SOC 精准估算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224420680672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=126, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Li Yan, Han Zhigang, Jiang Yiwei, journalName=Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Yan, Han Zhigang, Jiang Yiwei, et al. Accurate estimation of lithium battery SOC based on improved UKF algorithm[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2021. 40(6): 126-128 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Accurate estimation of lithium battery SOC based on improved UKF algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224475206625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=10, pageStart=1483, pageEnd=1487, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=陈剑, 肖振锋, 刘顺成, journalName=电源技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈剑, 肖振锋, 刘顺成, 等. 基于EKF-SVSF 的锂离子电池 SOC 和 SOH 准确估计[J]. 电源技术, 2020. 44(10): 1483-1487., articleTitle=基于EKF-SVSF 的锂离子电池 SOC 和 SOH 准确估计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224533926882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=10, pageStart=1483, pageEnd=1487, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Chen Jian, Xiao Zhenfeng, Liu Shuncheng, journalName=Chinese Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Jian, Xiao Zhenfeng, Liu Shuncheng, et al. Accurate estimation of SOC and SOH of Li-ion battery based on EKF-SVSF[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020. 44(10): 1483-1487 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Accurate estimation of SOC and SOH of Li-ion battery based on EKF-SVSF, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224584258531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=290, issue=null, pageStart=125180, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Chen Zhenggang, Zhou Jianxiong, Zhou Fei, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Zhenggang, Zhou Jianxiong, Zhou Fei, et al. State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on improved H infinity filter algorithm and its novel equalization method[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021. 290: 125180., articleTitle=State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on improved H infinity filter algorithm and its novel equalization method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224655561700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=105, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=侍壮飞, 玄东吉, 李广诚, journalName=电池, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侍壮飞, 玄东吉, 李广诚, 等. 改进的UKF算法估算锂离子电池 SOC[J]. 电池, 2019. 49(2): 105-108., articleTitle=改进的UKF算法估算锂离子电池 SOC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224710087653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=105, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Shi Zhuangfei, Xuan Dongji, Li Guangcheng, journalName=Battery Bimonthly, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Zhuangfei, Xuan Dongji, Li Guangcheng, et al. Li-ion battery SOC estimation based on improved UKF algorithm[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2019. 49(2): 105-108 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Li-ion battery SOC estimation based on improved UKF algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154048224840111084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=2, pageStart=335, pageEnd=340, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Huang Zhengjun, Fang Yongshou, Xu Jianjun, journalName=International Journal of Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Zhengjun, Fang Yongshou, Xu Jianjun. SOC estimation of Li-ion battery based on improved EKF algorithm[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2021. 22(2): 335-340., articleTitle=SOC estimation of Li-ion battery based on improved EKF algorithm, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154048222625518518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=62173281, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173281), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222675850167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=62173281, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173281), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222721987512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=61801407, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801407), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222772319161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=61801407, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(61801407), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222826845114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=2018GZ0390, language=EN, fundingSource=Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2018GZ0390), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222877176763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=2018GZ0390, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2018GZ0390), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222923314108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=2019YFG0427, language=EN, fundingSource=Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFG0427), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048222977840061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, awardId=2019YFG0427, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFG0427), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048213062505219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048213066699524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048215784608536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, companyId=1154048213062505219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154048221451113371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Second-order RC equivalent circuit model, figureFileSmall=JJO2/IBYgEpiorqLDe+N3A==, figureFileBig=OmUied4hG5NgV2ZUhha80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221505639324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图1, caption=二阶 RC 等效电路模型, figureFileSmall=JJO2/IBYgEpiorqLDe+N3A==, figureFileBig=OmUied4hG5NgV2ZUhha80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221585331102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=OCV-SOC curve at room temperature, figureFileSmall=BY63vRLlUSXjSUG1Ju/z6Q==, figureFileBig=nNUCOEI2U12fqvYPTfYw8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221656634273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图2, caption=室温下 OCV-SOC 曲线, figureFileSmall=BY63vRLlUSXjSUG1Ju/z6Q==, figureFileBig=nNUCOEI2U12fqvYPTfYw8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221719548834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Charge-discharge pulse test curve when $\mathrm{{SOC}}= {0.8}$, figureFileSmall=tg4E5xv20mGQGTEAUszVTw==, figureFileBig=2vWnHbzUrJuPPae0YjxHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221782463396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SOC=0.8 时充放电脉冲测试曲线, figureFileSmall=tg4E5xv20mGQGTEAUszVTw==, figureFileBig=2vWnHbzUrJuPPae0YjxHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221853766566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of SOC estimation result under HPPC condition, figureFileSmall=NWlcC0pc58FLwfiypW7KyQ==, figureFileBig=UOktwxPbVkklW0W2cmpMZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221933458344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HPPC 工况下 SOC 估算结果对比, figureFileSmall=NWlcC0pc58FLwfiypW7KyQ==, figureFileBig=UOktwxPbVkklW0W2cmpMZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222004761513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of SOC estimation result under BBDST condition, figureFileSmall=WMWqROJtNyA0bcJTPgx7dw==, figureFileBig=3/THdin+OwAUqQbGkGTG5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222084453290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图5, caption=BBDST 工况下 SOC 估算结果对比, figureFileSmall=WMWqROJtNyA0bcJTPgx7dw==, figureFileBig=3/THdin+OwAUqQbGkGTG5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222130590635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Parameter identification results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SOC/100% ${U}_{\text{oc }}/\mathrm{V}$ ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ ${R}_{1}/\Omega$ ${C}_{1}/\mathrm{F}$ ${R}_{2}/\Omega$ ${C}_{2}/\mathrm{F}$
1.0 4.18835 0.003351 ${3.06}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.22}\times {10}^{3}$ ${6.56}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${3.82}\times {10}^{4}$
0.9 4.05660 0.003272 ${7.68}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${3.05}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.99}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.34}\times {10}^{3}$
0.8 3.94045 0.003178 ${1.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ ${3.06}\times {10}^{4}$ ${3.02}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.51}\times {10}^{3}$
0.7 3.83750 0.003134 0.001380 ${2.99}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.98}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.53}\times {10}^{3}$
0.6 3.72965 0.003071 ${2.96}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.57}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.001028 ${3.18}\times {10}^{4}$
0.5 3.65805 0.003053 ${2.92}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.55}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.000996 ${4.33}\times {10}^{4}$
0.4 3.62350 0.003033 ${8.45}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${4.30}\times {10}^{4}$ 0.000268 ${1.78}\times {10}^{3}$
0.3 3.59555 0.003022 ${1.08}\times {10}^{-3}$ ${4.28}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.78}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.73}\times {10}^{3}$
0.2 3.54160 0.003411 0.002431 ${4.62}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.40}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.36}\times {10}^{3}$
0.1 3.46275 0.003289 0.000304 ${1.44}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.001033 ${2.65}\times {10}^{4}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222218671020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表1, caption=参数辨识结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SOC/100% ${U}_{\text{oc }}/\mathrm{V}$ ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ ${R}_{1}/\Omega$ ${C}_{1}/\mathrm{F}$ ${R}_{2}/\Omega$ ${C}_{2}/\mathrm{F}$
1.0 4.18835 0.003351 ${3.06}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.22}\times {10}^{3}$ ${6.56}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${3.82}\times {10}^{4}$
0.9 4.05660 0.003272 ${7.68}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${3.05}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.99}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.34}\times {10}^{3}$
0.8 3.94045 0.003178 ${1.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ ${3.06}\times {10}^{4}$ ${3.02}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.51}\times {10}^{3}$
0.7 3.83750 0.003134 0.001380 ${2.99}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.98}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.53}\times {10}^{3}$
0.6 3.72965 0.003071 ${2.96}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.57}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.001028 ${3.18}\times {10}^{4}$
0.5 3.65805 0.003053 ${2.92}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.55}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.000996 ${4.33}\times {10}^{4}$
0.4 3.62350 0.003033 ${8.45}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${4.30}\times {10}^{4}$ 0.000268 ${1.78}\times {10}^{3}$
0.3 3.59555 0.003022 ${1.08}\times {10}^{-3}$ ${4.28}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.78}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.73}\times {10}^{3}$
0.2 3.54160 0.003411 0.002431 ${4.62}\times {10}^{4}$ ${2.40}\times {10}^{-4}$ ${1.36}\times {10}^{3}$
0.1 3.46275 0.003289 0.000304 ${1.44}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.001033 ${2.65}\times {10}^{4}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222289974190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Estimation error of SOC by EKF, UKF and SR-DUKF algorithms in HPPC test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法名称 平均误差$/\%$ 最大误差/% 收敛时间/s
EKF 3.83 4.60 130
UKF 2.47 3.56 80
SR-DUKF 0.59 0.92 60
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222348694448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表2, caption=HPPC 测试下 EKF、UKF 及 SR-DUKF 对 SOC 的估算误差, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法名称 平均误差$/\%$ 最大误差/% 收敛时间/s
EKF 3.83 4.60 130
UKF 2.47 3.56 80
SR-DUKF 0.59 0.92 60
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222399026098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Estimation error of SOC by EKF, UKF and SR-DUKF algorithms in BBDST test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法名称 平均误差/% 最大误差/% 收敛时间/s
EKF 3.47 4.21 290
UKF 2.28 3.12 200
SR-DUKF 0.52 0.85 110
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222457746356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表3, caption=BBDST 测试下 EKF、UKF 及 SR-DUKF 对 SOC 的估算误差, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法名称 平均误差/% 最大误差/% 收敛时间/s
EKF 3.47 4.21 290
UKF 2.28 3.12 200
SR-DUKF 0.52 0.85 110
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1046111678587809797, delFlag=0, nameCn=电源学报, nameEn=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-2805, eissn=, cn=12-1420/TM, coden=null, periodic=bio-monthly, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=J Power Supp, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1759802942253, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, picEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1162453073839375337, language=CN, name=电源学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/home, createdTime=1755080010137, updatedTime=1755080010137, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1162453073902289898, language=EN, name=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, createdTime=1755080010152, updatedTime=1755080010152, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031654075715584, websiteList=[Website(id=1146832214672683008, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751355707101, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435268747, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155559379819679852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753436425404, updateTime=1753436425404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379798708329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753436425399, updateTime=1753436425399, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379781931112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1753436425396, updateTime=1753436425396, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379811291243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753436425402, updateTime=1753436425402, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379802902634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753436425400, updateTime=1753436425400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1148243202240405915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112741, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435242839, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618015060553758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781475081, updateTime=1751781475081, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015035387931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781475075, updateTime=1751781475075, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015022805018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1751781475072, updateTime=1751781475072, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015052165149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781475079, updateTime=1751781475079, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015043776540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781475077, updateTime=1751781475077, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=电源学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Power Supply, journalPhotoCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPhotoEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于二阶RC等效电路和SR-DUKF算法的锂电池SOC估算研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
贾先屹 , 王顺利 , 曹文 , 乔家璐
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2024,22(4): 236-242
收起
收藏切换
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2024, 22(4): 236-242
基于二阶RC等效电路和SR-DUKF算法的锂电池SOC估算研究
全屏
贾先屹 , 王顺利 , 曹文 , 乔家璐
作者信息
  • 西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010
  • 贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。

    王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。

    曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。

    乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。

Research on Estimation of Lithium Battery SOC Based on Second-order RC Equivalent Circuit and SR-DUKF Algorithm
Xianyi JIA , Shunli WANG , Wen CAO , Jialu QIAO
Affiliations
  • School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
出版时间: 2024-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236
文章导航
收藏切换

锂离子电池的荷电状态是电池管理系统BMS(battery management system)运维的重要参数,对其准确估算关系到锂离子电池的实时监测和安全控制。传统无迹卡尔曼滤波 UKF(unscented Kalman filter)算法在估算锂电池SOC时有使协方差矩阵负定的风险,存在估计精度不高的问题。为解决该算法的不足,以三元锂电池为研究对象,建立二阶RC等效电路模型对电池的工作特性进行表征,在传统的UKF 算法基础上提出一种双 UT 变换的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波 SR-DUKF(square-root double unscented Kalman filter)算法,并结合多种工况对改进后的算法进行验证。实验结果表明,改进后的SR-DUKF 算法通过二阶RC等效电路能够较好地对锂离子电池SOC进行估算,在HPPC、BBDST 工况下的平均误差分别为0.59%、0.52%,2种工况下的收敛时间分别为60s和110s,验证了改进后 SR-DUKF 算法具有更高的估算精度、更好的收敛性及更优的鲁棒性。

锂离子电池  /  二阶RC模型  /  荷电状态  /  平方根双无迹卡尔曼滤波  /  电池管理系统

The state-of-charge(SOC) of lithium-ion battery is an important parameter for the operation and maintenance of a battery management system(BMS), and its accurate estimation is related to the real-time monitoring and safety control of lithium-ion battery. The traditional unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm has the risk of making the covariance matrix negative when estimating the SOC of lithium battery, and the estimation accuracy is not optimal. To solve the shortcomings of this algorithm, a ternary lithium-ion battery is taken as the research object, and a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established to describe the working characteristics of the battery. Based on the traditional UKF algorithm, a square-root double unscented Kalman filter(SR-DUKF) algorithm with double unscented transformation is proposed, and it is verified under multiple working conditions. Experimental results show that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm can better estimate the SOC of lithium-ion battery based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit. The average errors under HPPC and BBDST conditions are 0.59% and 0.52%, respectively, and the convergence times are 60 s and 110s, respectively, which verifies that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm has a higher estimation accuracy, better convergence and better robustness.

Lithium-ion battery  /  second-order RC model  /  state-of-charge(SOC)  /  square-root double unscented Kalman filter(SR-DUKF)  /  battery management system (BMS)
贾先屹, 王顺利, 曹文, 乔家璐. 基于二阶RC等效电路和SR-DUKF算法的锂电池SOC估算研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (4) : 236 -242 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236
Xianyi JIA, Shunli WANG, Wen CAO, Jialu QIAO. Research on Estimation of Lithium Battery SOC Based on Second-order RC Equivalent Circuit and SR-DUKF Algorithm[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (4) : 236 -242 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236
能源发展和环境保护一直是世界各国关注的焦点, 锂离子电池由于其具有能量密度高、输出功率大、自放电小且对环境较友好等特点[1],成为了新能源的重点开发对象。为解决锂离子电池可靠性等问题, 可对锂离子电池建立电池管理系统 BMS (battery management system), 并对其电池状态进行科学评估和风险预警等[2]。BMS 系统安全稳定运维的关键因素是锂离子电池的荷电状态 SOC(state-of-charge)[3],因此对 SOC 的准确估计直接关系到锂离子电池的安全使用。
目前, 锂离子电池 SOC 算法主要有安时积分法、卡尔曼滤波法和神经网络法等, 各种算法均有各自的优点和缺点。传统的安时积分法$\mathrm{{Ah}}($ Ampere-hour)估算电池 SOC 值是利用放电电流对时间的积分得到放出的电量, 再结合电池初始电量即可得到电池的剩余电量。但$\mathrm{{Ah}}$ 法存在累积误差,而$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 的估算误差将会随时间推移不断增大, 并且难以消除[4]。开路电压法$\mathrm{{OCV}}$ (open-circuit voltage)是当电池处于静态或者无负载状态时, 电池端电压和 SOC 存在一定的数学比例关系, 以此来估算 SOC, 开路电压法简单可靠, 受环境温度、电池老化程度影响较小, 但该算法的最大缺点是需要在长时间的静置条件下才能使动力电池的开路电压达到稳定状态[5]。因此,安时积分法和开路电压法虽然为常见的 SOC 估计方法, 但其实并不适合于在线估计。神经网络法基于机器学习, 通过对大量数据的训练来得到 SOC, 在样本数据足够的情况下的精度较高, 但是一旦样本数据不足, 就会导致精度降低[6]。而扩展卡尔曼滤波 EKF(extended Kalman filter)和无迹卡尔曼滤波 UKF(unscented Kalman filter)作为 2 种常用的非线性滤波算法, 存在滤波发散的可能,且估算精度不高。
综上所述, 本文为准确描述三元锂离子电池的工作状态, 综合考虑表征的复杂性和计算的准确性,建立二阶 RC 等效电路模型,采用离线参数辨识的方法在传统的 UKF 算法基础上进行改进, 得到改进后的 SR-DUKF 算法, 并同步对比传统 EKF 和 UKF 在锂离子电池 SOC 估计中的跟踪效果、收敛性及鲁棒性。
SOC 的准确估计很大程度上依赖于模型的精准度和复杂度[7]。综合工程应用中的实际考量, 在准确表征电池动态性能的前提下, 应选择复杂度较合适的模型[8]。电路中串联 RC 电路具有衰减高频信号的作用, 常用的 Thevenin 和 PNGV 模型虽然能够模拟电池内部的电化学反应, 但效果不佳。而三阶 RC 电路模型虽然能够较好地模拟电池内部反应[9],但由于其计算量过大,在实际工程应用中也往往不予采用[10]。本文选择等效电路模型中的二阶 RC 模型,能准确模拟电池极化效应, 且算法较简单, 易于工程实现, 如图1所示。
图1中的电路通过基尔霍夫(Kirchhoff)定律变换, 可得到方程式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{\mathrm{L}}= {U}_{\mathrm{{oc}}}\left(\mathrm{{SOC}}\right)- I{R}_{0}- {U}_{1}- {U}_{2}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{U}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= -\frac{{U}_{1}}{{R}_{1}{C}_{1}}+ \frac{I}{{C}_{1}}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{U}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= -\frac{{U}_{2}}{{R}_{2}{C}_{2}}+ \frac{I}{{C}_{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:${U}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为锂离子电池的端电压;${U}_{\mathrm{{oc}}}$ 为开路电压;${R}_{0}$ 为电池欧姆内阻;${U}_{1}$${U}_{2}$ 分别为${R}_{1}{C}_{1}$${R}_{2}{C}_{2}$ 并联网络的电压;${R}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{1}$ 分别为电化学极化内阻和极化电容;${R}_{2}\text{、}{C}_{2}$ 分别为浓差极化电阻和极化电容;$I$ 为负载电流。
SOC 的常用表达式为
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{t}= {\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{{t}_{0}}- \frac{{\eta }_{1}}{{C}_{n}}{\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{t}{I}_{\left( t\right)}\mathrm{d}t $
式中:${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{t}$$t$ 时刻的$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 值;${\eta }_{1}$ 为充、放电效率;${C}_{n}$ 为电池额定容量。针对所选取的二阶等效模型, 选取$\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{SOC}}{U}_{1}{U}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ 作为状态变量,结合式(1)及$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 的定义经过离散化, 可以列出其离散状态空间方程为
SOC 估算过程中的过程噪声和测量噪声分别用式(3)中的${\omega }_{i}\left({i = 1,2,3}\right)$$v$ 来表示,目的是为表征模型的不确定性。其中, 模型中所需要辨识的参数有开路电压${U}_{\mathrm{{oc}}}$、欧姆内阻${R}_{0}$、极化内阻${R}_{1}\text{、}{R}_{2}$ 和极化电容${C}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{2}$
实验基于三元锂电池进行, 电池标称容量为${72}\mathrm{{Ah}}$,实际容量为${68.47}\mathrm{{Ah}}$。由于在线参数辨识会增加计算复杂度[11],且辨识结果精度提高不明显, 因此本文中采用离线参数辨识和曲线拟合的方法,在室温${27}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下通过混合动力充、放电试验 HPPC(hybrid pulse power characterization)获取数据,分别绘制充电和放电时的 OCV-SOC 曲线,获得常温下 SOC 和 OCV 之间的关系, 取二者平均值后通过六阶多项式进行拟合。室温下的 OCV-SOC 曲线如图2所示, HPPC 实验过程中$\mathrm{{SOC}}= {0.8}$ 时的充、放电脉冲测试曲线如图3所示。
实验表明,将电池静置${40}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后电压稳定,${U}_{1}$ 可认为等于电池的开路电压。${t}_{1}$ 时刻开始放电,锂电池端电压从${U}_{1}$ 突降为${U}_{2}$,主要是由于锂电池欧姆内阻引起的电压变化[12]; 从${t}_{2}$${t}_{3}$ 期间,锂电池端电压从${U}_{2}$ 缓慢下降到${U}_{3}$,这是双 RC 串联回路的零状态响应[13]; 对电路进行时域分析,选取${t}_{2}$${t}_{3}$ 期间数据,可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{0}= \frac{\left({{U}_{1}- {U}_{2}}\right)+ \left({{U}_{4}- {U}_{3}}\right)}{2I}\\{U}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right)= {U}_{\mathrm{{oc}}}- I{R}_{0}- I{R}_{1}\left({1 -{\mathrm{e}}^{-t/{\tau }_{1}}}\right)- I{R}_{2}\left({1 -{\mathrm{e}}^{-t/{\tau }_{2}}}\right)\\{\tau }_{1}= {R}_{1}{C}_{1}\\{\tau }_{2}= {R}_{2}{C}_{2}\end{array}\right.$
将极化内阻${R}_{1}$${R}_{2}$ 作为未知量,根据式 (4) 和${t}_{2}\sim {t}_{3}$ 期间的数据,运用拟合工具可辨识得到模型参数, 辨识结果如表1所示。
在针对锂电池非线性问题时, 无迹变换 UT(unscented transformation)是 UKF 算法的核心, 但是传统 UKF 算法有使协方差矩阵负定的风险[14],存在滤波发散的可能。因此,本文提出一种 SR-DUKF 估计算法: 在滤波过程中, 用状态误差协方差矩阵的平方根进行迭代运算, 并进行 2 次 UT 变换, 能够使协方差矩阵非负定, 防止滤波发散, 并且提高估算精度。改进后的 SR-DUKF 算法基本步骤如下:
$n$ 为状态变量维数,随机取${2n}+ 1$ 个 sigma 点, 并且计算其权值
${X}_{k}= \left\lbrack {\bar{x}\bar{x}+ \sqrt{\left( n +\lambda \right)}{Z}_{i}\bar{x}- \sqrt{\left( n +\lambda \right)}{Z}_{i}}\right\rbrack $
式中,${Z}_{i}$ 为协方差的 Cholesky 分解因子。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\omega }_{\mathrm{m}}^{0}= \lambda /\left({n +\lambda }\right)\\{\omega }_{\mathrm{c}}^{0}= \lambda /\left({n +\lambda }\right)+ \left({1 -{\alpha }^{2}+ \beta }\right)\\{\omega }_{\mathrm{m}}^{k}= {\omega }_{\mathrm{c}}^{k}= {0.5}/\left({n +\lambda }\right)\;k = 1 \sim {2n}\end{array}\right.$
式中:$k$ 为 sigma 点的选取次序;$m$ 为均值;$c$ 为协方差;$\alpha$ 为 sigma 点的分布情况[15],并且$\alpha \in \left({{10}^{-4},1}\right)$;$\beta$ 为系统的状态分布,高 分布下最优取$\beta = 2;\lambda$ 为收 比例系数,$\lambda ={\alpha }^{2}\left({n + K}\right)- n$, 其中参数$K = 0$
时间更新
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\widehat{x}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{2n}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{m}}^{k}f\left({X}_{k}\right)\\\widehat{y}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{2n}}{\omega }_{\mathrm{m}}^{k}g\left({X}_{k}\right)\\{Z}_{i}= \operatorname{qr}r\left\{\left\lbrack {\sqrt{{\omega }_{\mathrm{c}}^{k}}\left\lbrack {f\left({X}_{k ={12n}}\right)- \widehat{x}}\right\rbrack,\sqrt{Q}}\right\rbrack \right\}\\{Z}_{i}= \operatorname{ch}\log \det \left\lbrack {{Z}_{i}\left\lbrack {f\left({X}_{i}\right)- \widehat{x}}\right\rbrack,{\omega }_{\mathrm{c}}^{0}}\right\rbrack \end{array}\right.$
根据$k - 1$ 时刻的输入量和该时刻的状态变量通过状态方程进行第 1 次预测。式(7)中,$f\left({X}_{k}\right)$$g\left({X}_{k}\right)$ 为系统状态方程和观测方程的函数关系。 UKF 算法核心在于 UT 变换, 因此在 SR-UKF 的第 1 次 UT 变换得到的预测值基础上, 再进行第 2 次 UT 变换, 即:
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{X}_{i + 1 \mid i}^{0}= {\widehat{X}}_{i + 1 \mid i}& \\{X}_{i + 1 \mid i}^{k}= {\widehat{X}}_{i + 1 \mid i}+ \cdots +\sqrt{\left({n +\lambda }\right){P}_{xy}}& k = 1 \sim n \\{X}_{i + 1 \mid i}^{k}= {\widehat{X}}_{i + 1 \mid i}- \cdots -\sqrt{\left({n +\lambda }\right){P}_{xy}}& k = n + 1 \sim {2n}\end{array}\right.$
通过第 1 次预测得到的结果得到新的 sigma 点和观测方程, 通过状态法方程得到预测更新后的观测量为
${Y}_{i + 1 \mid i}^{k}= g\left\lbrack {X}_{i + 1 \mid i}^{k}\right\rbrack $
再由新的观测量得到第 2 次状态更新和协方差更新为
$\begin{array}{l}\left\{{{Z}_{i + 1|i}^{y}= q{r}_{i}^{y}\left\{\left\lbrack {\sqrt{{\alpha }_{i}^{i + 1}}\left\lbrack {g\left({X}_{i + 1}^{k}\right)- {\widehat{y}}_{i + 1}}\right\rbrack }\right\rbrack \right\}}\right\}\\{Z}_{i + 1|i}^{y}= \operatorname{ch}\operatorname{longuted}\left\{{{Z}_{i + 1|i}^{y},\left\lbrack {g\left({X}_{i + 1|i}\right)- {\sigma }_{i + 1|i}}\right\rbrack,{\alpha }_{0}^{0}}\right\}\\{P}_{xy}^{i + 1|i}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{2{\alpha }_{0}^{i}+ 1|i}}\left\lbrack {f\left({X}_{i + 1|i}\right)- {\widehat{x}}_{i + 1|i}}\right\rbrack {\left\lbrack g\left({X}_{i + 1|i}\right)- {\widehat{y}}_{i + 1|i}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}\\{M}_{i + 1|i}= \frac{\left\{\frac{{P}_{y + 1|i}^{i + 1}}{{Z}_{i + 1|i}^{y}}\right\}}{\left\lbrack {Z}_{i + 1|i}^{y}\right\rbrack }\\{Z}_{i + 1|i}= {\widehat{X}}_{i + 1|i}+ {M}_{i + 1|i}{X}_{i + 1|i}- {\widehat{y}}_{i + 1|i}\end{array}$
在实际应用中, 锂离子电池往往为间歇性放电状态[16],因此对锂离子电池进行 HPPC 实验,模拟锂离子电池实际使用过程中的状态。在 HPPC 工况下, 加入 EKF 算法和 UKF 算法, 进行同步仿真对比实验。实验结果如图4所示。
图4(a)为 EKF、UKF、SR-DUKF 这 3 种算法对同一三元锂电池的 SOC 估计情况, 通过 Ah 积分法计算电池$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 的理论值,3 种算法的估算结果分别与理论值对比, 同时算法估计初始值皆随意设为 0.9, 可以看出 SR-DUKF 算法的跟踪效果及收敛性良好, 且优于另外 2 种算法。由于加入 2 次 UT 变换, 避免了调整参数过程的繁复性, 解决了传统 UKF 算法由于系统噪声和观测噪声的不确定性所引发的滤波发散问题, 使得该算法在估算初始阶段快速收敛,约${60}\mathrm{\;s}$ 后跟踪到理论值。
图4(b)为 EKF、UKF、SR-DUKF 这 3 种算法在 HPPC 工况下的估算误差对比, 由于引入状态误差协方差矩阵的平方根进行迭代运算, 解决了传统 UKF 算法在估算锂电池 SOC 时存在的协方差矩阵负定问题, 防止了滤波器在工作中失效, 可以看出 SR-DUKF 算法估算的最大误差为 0.92%,具有良好的鲁棒性, 整体性能优良。通过同另外 2 种算法的估算误差对比, 证明使用 SR-DUKF 算法在估算锂离子电池 SOC 时具有更好的估算效果。当电池处于搁置状态时, 算法估算误差较大, 这是由于等效电路模型在电池搁置时电压采集不及时, 使得 SOC 估算存在滞后情况,说明二阶 RC 模型在表征电池工作特性时还有待进一步提高。
为验证 SR-DUKF 算法对 SOC 估算的准确性, 在更为复杂的北京公交动态测试工况 BBDST(Beijing bus dynamic stress test)下对算法进行进一步实验。 BBDST 工况是对北京公交车进行真实数据采集得到的工况, 根据实验得到的电流、电压数据对模型进行 SOC 估算, 同步对比 EKF、UKF、SR-DUKF 估算的 SOC 值及理论值, 并分析其估算结果, 如图5所示。
电池从 SOC 为 1 时开始放电, 算法估算初始值皆随意设为 0.9。从图5中可以看出, 在更为复杂的 BBDST 工况下, SR-DUKF 算法仍具有良好的跟踪效果和收敛性, 其鲁棒性同样也优于另外 2 种算法, 误差稳定在 0.85%以内, 进一步表明 SR-DUKF 算法在估算锂离子电池 SOC 时效果较好。
HPPC 和 BBDST 这 2 种工况下的仿真数据统计结果, 分别如表2表3所示。
锂离子 SOC 的准确估计是 BMS 稳定运维的关键, 也是锂离子状态监测的重难点。本文基于二阶 RC 等效电路模型, 通过 HPPC 实验获取数据并进行参数辨识, 确定各参数与不同阶段 SOC 之间的变化关系,最后通过仿真模型对参数辨识结果进行验证。在此基础上, 对传统 UKF 算法进行改进, 将 SR-UKF 算法通过 2 次 UT 变换得到 SR-DUKF 算法, 使 SOC 估算结果更为准确。不同算法在 2 种工况下的对比实验结果表明: SR-DUKF 算法能够较好地对锂电池 SOC 进行估计, 在 HPPC 工况下平均误差为 0.59%,最大误差为 0.92%,收敛时间为${60}\mathrm{\;s}$; 在 BBDST 工况下平均误差为${0.52}\%$,最大误差为${0.85}\%$,收敛时间为${110}\mathrm{\;s}$,验证了 SR-DUKF 算法对锂电池进行 SOC 估算时精度较高, 收敛性及鲁棒性良好。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173281)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61801407)
  • 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2018GZ0390)
  • 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFG0427)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
董祥祥, 武鹏, 葛传久, 等. 基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池荷电状态估计[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2021. 40(2): 58-65.
Dong Xiangxiang, Wu Peng, Ge Chuanjiu, et al. State of charge estimation of Li-ion battery based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2021. 40(2): 58-65 (in Chinese).
[2]
Kawahara Y, Sakabe K, Nakao R, et al. Development of status detection method of lithium-ion rechargeable battery for hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021. 481: 228760.
[3]
邹琳, 刘佳俊, 马国庆, 等. 基于双无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池 SOC估算[J]. 电源技术, 2021. 45(4): 450-454.
Zou Lin, Liu Jiajun, Ma Guoqing, et al. Estimation of state of charge of lithium battery based on dual unscented Kalman filter[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2021. 45(4): 450-454 (in Chinese).
[4]
林成涛, 王军平, 陈全世. 电动汽车 SOC 估计方法原理与应用[J]. 电池, 2004. 34(5): 376-378.
Lin Chengtao, Wang Junping, Chen Quanshi. Methods for state of charge estimation of EV batteries and their application[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2004. 34(5): 376-378 (in Chinese).
[5]
续远. 基于安时积分法与开路电压法估测电池SOC[J]. 新型工业化, 2022. 12(1): 123-124.
Xu Yuan. Estimation of battery SOC based on ampere-hour integration method and open circuit voltage method[J]. The Journal of New Industrialization, 2022. 12(1): 123-124 (in Chinese).
[6]
黄煜, 朱立宗. 电池 SOC 估算方法的研究现状[J]. 时代汽车, 2021. 8): 99-100.
Huang Yu, Zhu Lizong. Research status of battery SOC estimation methods[J]. Auto Time, 2021. 8): 99-100 (in Chinese).
[7]
Rzepka B, Bischof S, Blank T. Implementing an extended Kalman filter for SOC estimation of a Li-ion battery with hysteresis: A step-by-step guide[J]. Energies, 2021. 14(13): 59-68.
[8]
Li Xiaoyu, Huang Zhijia, Tian Jindong, et al. State-of-charge estimation tolerant of battery aging based on a physics-based model and an adaptive cubature Kalman filter[J]. Energy, 2021. 220: 119767.
[9]
Messing M, Rahimifard S, Shoa T, et al. Low temperature, current dependent battery state estimation using interacting multiple model strategy[J]. IEEE Access, 2021. 9: 99876-99889.
[10]
叶泽浩, 毕红葵, 段敏, 等. 自适应平方根球型无迹卡尔曼滤波算法[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2018. 16(6): 615-621.
Ye Zehao, Bi Hongkui, Duan Min, et al. Adaptive square root spherical unscented Kalman filtering algorithm[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2018. 16(6): 615-621 (in Chinese).
[11]
李晓帆, 于少娟. 基于改进的 AUKF 锂离子电池荷电状态估计[J]. 计算机仿真, 2019. 36(9): 120-125.
Li Xiaofan, Yu Shaojuan. State of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on novel AUKF[J]. Computer Simulation, 2019. 36(9): 120-125 (in Chinese).
[12]
李岩, 韩志刚, 蒋乙未, 等. 基于改进UKF算法的锂电池 SOC 精准估算[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2021. 40(6): 126-128.
Li Yan, Han Zhigang, Jiang Yiwei, et al. Accurate estimation of lithium battery SOC based on improved UKF algorithm[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2021. 40(6): 126-128 (in Chinese).
[13]
陈剑, 肖振锋, 刘顺成, 等. 基于EKF-SVSF 的锂离子电池 SOC 和 SOH 准确估计[J]. 电源技术, 2020. 44(10): 1483-1487.
Chen Jian, Xiao Zhenfeng, Liu Shuncheng, et al. Accurate estimation of SOC and SOH of Li-ion battery based on EKF-SVSF[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020. 44(10): 1483-1487 (in Chinese).
[14]
Chen Zhenggang, Zhou Jianxiong, Zhou Fei, et al. State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on improved H infinity filter algorithm and its novel equalization method[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021. 290: 125180.
[15]
侍壮飞, 玄东吉, 李广诚, 等. 改进的UKF算法估算锂离子电池 SOC[J]. 电池, 2019. 49(2): 105-108.
Shi Zhuangfei, Xuan Dongji, Li Guangcheng, et al. Li-ion battery SOC estimation based on improved UKF algorithm[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2019. 49(2): 105-108 (in Chinese).
[16]
Huang Zhengjun, Fang Yongshou, Xu Jianjun. SOC estimation of Li-ion battery based on improved EKF algorithm[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2021. 22(2): 335-340.
2024年第22卷第4期
PDF下载
515
226
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236
  • 接收时间:2021-11-18
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-18
  • 修回日期:2022-04-20
  • 录用日期:2022-05-05
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173281)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173281)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801407)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61801407)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2018GZ0390)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2018GZ0390)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFG0427)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFG0427)
作者信息
    西南科技大学 信息工程学院 绵阳 621010
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.236
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏