Article(id=1153695650760872422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.161, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1634745600000, receivedDateStr=2021-10-21, revisedDate=1639411200000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-14, acceptedDate=1642435200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-01-18, onlineDate=1752992077769, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752992077769, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752992077769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752992077769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153695641046864317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752992075453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780969288, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153695652103049703, articleId=1153695650760872422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Research on Generalized State Space Average Model and Control Strategy for Triple Active Bridge DC-DC Converter, columnId=1152281492153004911, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Modeling and Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The triple active bridge(TAB) DC-DC converter based on the phase-shifting plus duty cycle control strategy has advantages such as a high efficiency and an expandable soft switching range. However, its small signal modeling process is complex, and the parameter setting of closed-loop control loop is difficult. To solve these problems, a full-orer continuous generalized state space average modeling and PI controller design method for TAB converter under phase-shifting plus duty cycle control is proposed. First, the operation principle and Y-type equivalent structure of the TAB converter are analyzed. Second, combined with the characteristics of phase-shifting plus duty cycle control and the equivalent method of AC square wave source, the generalized state space average model of the TAB converter is derived. Third, based on the derived model, the transfer function from input to output is obtained, and the parameters of PI controller are designed. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by digital simulations and prototype tests.

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基于移相加占空比控制策略的三有源桥 TAB (triple active bridge)DC-DC变换器具有效率高和软开关范围可扩展等优点,但其小信号建模过程复杂、闭环控制环路参数整定困难。针对该问题,提出 1 种 TAB 工作在移相加占空比控制下的全阶连续广义状态平均建模和PI 控制器设计方法。首先,分析TAB的运行原理和Y型等效结构;然后,结合移相加占空比控制的特点和交流方波源等效方法,推导出 TAB 的广义状态空间平均模型;接着,在推得模型的基础上求得输入到输出的传递函数,设计出 PI 控制器参数。最后,结合数字仿真及样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性及有效性。

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申科(1984-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器及控制技术。E-mail: kshen@nwpu.edu.cn。

汪万兴(1999-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流功率变换技术。E-mail: wxwang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。

赵丹(1986-),女,博士研究生。研究方向:电力电子系统电磁兼容。E-mail: dzhao@mail.nwpu.edi.cn。

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申科(1984-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器及控制技术。E-mail: kshen@nwpu.edu.cn。

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申科(1984-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器及控制技术。E-mail: kshen@nwpu.edu.cn。

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汪万兴(1999-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流功率变换技术。E-mail: wxwang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。

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汪万兴(1999-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流功率变换技术。E-mail: wxwang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。

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赵丹(1986-),女,博士研究生。研究方向:电力电子系统电磁兼容。E-mail: dzhao@mail.nwpu.edi.cn。

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赵丹(1986-),女,博士研究生。研究方向:电力电子系统电磁兼容。E-mail: dzhao@mail.nwpu.edi.cn。

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013. 29(2): 1006-1017., articleTitle=Closed-loop control of DC-DC dual-active-bridge converters driving single-phase inverters, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154032980101161047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, awardId=52277199, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52277199), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032980185047129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, awardId=52277199, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52277199), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032980256350298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, awardId=2023-YBGY-377, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China(2023-YBGY-377), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032980327653468, 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caption=Topological structure of TAB converter, figureFileSmall=L3tpfdDhuCq11nhqQx6z5A==, figureFileBig=NtrPKKjmSjnvbUgTbiAf2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032977609744387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TAB 变换器拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=L3tpfdDhuCq11nhqQx6z5A==, figureFileBig=NtrPKKjmSjnvbUgTbiAf2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032977664270342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Y-type equivalent circuit, figureFileSmall=SgGwUSCddoJ2juEg1GqzRg==, figureFileBig=U9+CRncrpniW0vD4emL6kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032977756545033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Y型等效电路, figureFileSmall=SgGwUSCddoJ2juEg1GqzRg==, figureFileBig=U9+CRncrpniW0vD4emL6kQ==, tableContent=null), 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between PLECS simulation and theoretical results, figureFileSmall=kOT88xQx2YW5RShEv+fBQA==, figureFileBig=c4Kj8C873HPmwOCaH+L5Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032978356330530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PLECS 仿真和理论频率响应比较, figureFileSmall=kOT88xQx2YW5RShEv+fBQA==, figureFileBig=c4Kj8C873HPmwOCaH+L5Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032978482159655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Schematic of closed-loop voltage regulation of TAB converter, figureFileSmall=4hGyfxxAuf3uqihZRInWZg==, figureFileBig=fzPbq6VtZTwx0ZI/dT7hXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032978566045738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图7, caption=TAB 变换器电压闭环调节示意, figureFileSmall=4hGyfxxAuf3uqihZRInWZg==, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图9, caption=实验样机, figureFileSmall=N4M4VnsLLG/WVmdSEctQEQ==, figureFileBig=LgrTNGRiu8Esc+uzkyF0mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032978968698939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Experimental results under steady-state and transient conditions, figureFileSmall=zwNmF19L5/bEF0KY0ljTgQ==, figureFileBig=Zk1q1/alEjOUzHbIOW2ijg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032979115499582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=图10, caption=稳态和暂态条件下的实验结果, figureFileSmall=zwNmF19L5/bEF0KY0ljTgQ==, figureFileBig=Zk1q1/alEjOUzHbIOW2ijg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032979211968576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Derivation of Fourier first-order coefficients for port 1, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979262300226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=表1, caption=端口 1 傅里叶一次项系数的推导, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979329409092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Derivation of Fourier first-order coefficients for port 2, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979383935045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=表2, caption=端口 2 傅里叶一次项系数的推导, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979442655303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$- 1/{C}_{2}{R}_{2}$ 0 0 0
式中:$A =$ ${m}_{1}$ ${\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$ ${m}_{2}$ 0 0
${m}_{3}$ $-{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}/{L}_{2}$ ${m}_{4}$ 0 0
0 0 $- 1/{C}_{3}{R}_{3}$
${m}_{5}$ 0 ${m}_{6}$ $-{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}/{L}_{3}$
${m}_{7}$ 0 0 ${m}_{8}$ $-{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979522347081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$- 1/{C}_{2}{R}_{2}$ 0 0 0
式中:$A =$ ${m}_{1}$ ${\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$ ${m}_{2}$ 0 0
${m}_{3}$ $-{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}/{L}_{2}$ ${m}_{4}$ 0 0
0 0 $- 1/{C}_{3}{R}_{3}$
${m}_{5}$ 0 ${m}_{6}$ $-{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}/{L}_{3}$
${m}_{7}$ 0 0 ${m}_{8}$ $-{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979627204683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Circuit parameters of TAB converter in steady state, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
开关频率$f/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 20
端口 1 输入电压${U}_{1}/\mathrm{V}$ 50
端口 1、2、3 电阻${R}_{\mathrm{s}1}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}/\Omega$ 0.13 J 0.14 J 0.15
端口 2、3 负载电阻${R}_{2}$${R}_{3}/\Omega$ 50,100
端口 2、3 稳压电容${C}_{2}$${C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 435、435
3 个端口间移相角${\varphi }_{{12}\mathrm{A}}$${\varphi }_{{13}\mathrm{A}}$ /(° ) 22.92 、17.19
各端口的移相角${\delta }_{1}\text{、}{\delta }_{2}\text{、}{\delta }_{3}/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$ 0、18、27
), ArticleFig(id=1154032979706896462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650760872422, language=CN, label=表3, caption=稳态时 TAB 变换器电路参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
开关频率$f/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 20
端口 1 输入电压${U}_{1}/\mathrm{V}$ 50
端口 1、2、3 电阻${R}_{\mathrm{s}1}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}/\Omega$ 0.13 J 0.14 J 0.15
端口 2、3 负载电阻${R}_{2}$${R}_{3}/\Omega$ 50,100
端口 2、3 稳压电容${C}_{2}$${C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 435、435
3 个端口间移相角${\varphi }_{{12}\mathrm{A}}$${\varphi }_{{13}\mathrm{A}}$ /(° ) 22.92 、17.19
各端口的移相角${\delta }_{1}\text{、}{\delta }_{2}\text{、}{\delta }_{3}/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$ 0、18、27
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三有源桥 DC-DC变换器广义状态空间平均模型及控制策略研究
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申科 1 , 汪万兴 2 , 赵丹 1
电源学报 | 建模与控制 2024,22(5): 161-169
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电源学报 | 建模与控制 2024, 22(5): 161-169
三有源桥 DC-DC变换器广义状态空间平均模型及控制策略研究
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申科1 , 汪万兴2 , 赵丹1
作者信息
  • 1 西北工业大学 自动化学院 西安 710072
  • 2 西安交通大学 电气工程学院 西安 710049
  • 申科(1984-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器及控制技术。E-mail: kshen@nwpu.edu.cn。

    汪万兴(1999-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流功率变换技术。E-mail: wxwang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。

    赵丹(1986-),女,博士研究生。研究方向:电力电子系统电磁兼容。E-mail: dzhao@mail.nwpu.edi.cn。

Research on Generalized State Space Average Model and Control Strategy for Triple Active Bridge DC-DC Converter
Ke SHEN1 , Wanxing WANG2 , Dan ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
  • 2 School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.161
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基于移相加占空比控制策略的三有源桥 TAB (triple active bridge)DC-DC变换器具有效率高和软开关范围可扩展等优点,但其小信号建模过程复杂、闭环控制环路参数整定困难。针对该问题,提出 1 种 TAB 工作在移相加占空比控制下的全阶连续广义状态平均建模和PI 控制器设计方法。首先,分析TAB的运行原理和Y型等效结构;然后,结合移相加占空比控制的特点和交流方波源等效方法,推导出 TAB 的广义状态空间平均模型;接着,在推得模型的基础上求得输入到输出的传递函数,设计出 PI 控制器参数。最后,结合数字仿真及样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性及有效性。

广义状态空间平均模型  /  隔离式DC-DC变换器  /  移相加占空比控制

The triple active bridge(TAB) DC-DC converter based on the phase-shifting plus duty cycle control strategy has advantages such as a high efficiency and an expandable soft switching range. However, its small signal modeling process is complex, and the parameter setting of closed-loop control loop is difficult. To solve these problems, a full-orer continuous generalized state space average modeling and PI controller design method for TAB converter under phase-shifting plus duty cycle control is proposed. First, the operation principle and Y-type equivalent structure of the TAB converter are analyzed. Second, combined with the characteristics of phase-shifting plus duty cycle control and the equivalent method of AC square wave source, the generalized state space average model of the TAB converter is derived. Third, based on the derived model, the transfer function from input to output is obtained, and the parameters of PI controller are designed. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by digital simulations and prototype tests.

Generalized state space average model  /  isolated DC-DC converter  /  phase-shifting plus duty cycle control
申科, 汪万兴, 赵丹. 三有源桥 DC-DC变换器广义状态空间平均模型及控制策略研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (5) : 161 -169 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.161
Ke SHEN, Wanxing WANG, Dan ZHAO. Research on Generalized State Space Average Model and Control Strategy for Triple Active Bridge DC-DC Converter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (5) : 161 -169 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.161
三有源桥 TAB(triple active bridge)变换器是由双有源桥 DAB(dual active bridge)变换器演化而来, 其 3 个端口之间完全隔离, 具有控制灵活和可靠性高等优点[1]。TAB 作为分布式可再生能源接入直流配电系统的一种尝试, 已成为新能源发电技术的热点研究内容[2]
目前已有较多文献对 TAB 的拓扑结构改进[3-5] 、 软开关特性[6-8] 、控制策略[6,9-12] 和建模方法[11-13] 等问题进行了研究。当前, DAB 的主流控制有单移相控制、扩展移相控制、双重移相控制及三重移相控制[14-16]。而在 TAB 中,则以单移相控制[1] 和移相加占空比控制[6,9] 为主。单移相控制虽然方法简单,但回流功率显著, 且电压波动时零电压开关 ZVS(zero voltage switching)不能保证。移相加占空比控制在单移相控制基础上增加占空比调节,尽管控制变化量增多, 但是其可以扩展电压不匹配时 TAB 的 ZVS 导通范围,从而减小开关损耗,提高变换器系统效率[6]。
TAB 及 DAB 的数学模型主要分为降阶模型、 离散模型和广义状态空间平均模型。对于降阶模型, 由于忽略了变压器绕组电流的动态特性, 在低频段会出现一定的偏差, 尽管离散化技术可为低频段的模型精度改善提供可能,但是计算过程尤为复杂[9,11]。全阶连续的广义状态空间平均模型更适合 TAB 的控制器设计[17],文献[18]首次提出对 DAB 在单移相控制下进行广义状态空间平均建模; 文献 [13,17] 对$\mathrm{{TAB}}$ 在单移相控制下进行广义状态空间平均建模, 对于其他的控制策略建模并未考虑, 而且如何利用所建数学模型设计变换器的控制器参数也未见分析和讨论;文献[19]利用广义状态平均状态空间模型获得传递函数, 进而分析 DAB 与 DC-AC 逆变器级联时直流母线的二次谐波问题; 文献[12]提出了 TAB 简化分析模型,指出在一般场合下可以采用基波模型对 TAB 进行简化。
综上, 关于 TAB 在移相加占空比控制下的广义状态空间平均建模,以上文献并未涉及,同时也未见文献有利用广义状态空间平均模型进行 TAB 的控制器设计。由于加入了占空比这一变量, 使得开关函数更为复杂, 本文提出将占空比变化的交流方波电压等效为 2 个占空比为 50%的交流方波电压叠加, 降低开关函数傅里叶展开的难度。通过广义状态空间平均模型获得输出量关于控制量的传递函数, 用于指导闭环$\mathrm{{PI}}$ 控制器的参数设计。由于在建模过程中考虑了电感电流的动态特性, 获得的模型较为精确, 利用此模型设计出的控制参数设计更为实用。最后, 通过仿真验证了建立的模型的正确性, 并完成了移相加占空比控制的实验验证。
图1为 TAB 变换器拓扑结构,其中 1 个高频三绕组变压器连接 3 个电压源型$\mathrm{H}$ 桥模块,变压器的匝数比为$1 :{n}_{2}: {n}_{3}$,各$\mathrm{H}$ 桥交流输出电压分别为${v}_{\mathrm{{hl}}}$${v}_{\mathrm{h}2}$${v}_{\mathrm{h}3}$,各绕组的漏感分别为${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$${L}_{3}$,漏感包括变压器的自身漏感与外串电感之和,3 个绕组的串联等效电阻分别为${R}_{\mathrm{s}1}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}\text{、}{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}$,各端口的开关管分别用${\mathrm{S}}_{ix}$ 表示$\left({i = 1,2,3;x = 1,2,3,4}\right),{v}_{1}$ 为端口 1 的电源侧直流电压,${v}_{2}$${v}_{3}$ 分别为端口 2 和端口 3 负载侧的直流电压。
图2为 TAB 折算到端口 1 的$\mathrm{Y}$ 形等效电路,假定中性点对参考地电压为${v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}$。当$\mathrm{{TAB}}$ 使用移相加占空比控制时,各$\mathrm{H}$ 桥交流输出电压波形如图3所示。 其中,${\varphi }_{12}$${\varphi }_{13}$ 为端口 1 与端口 2 、端口 3 之间的移相角,${v}_{\mathrm{h}1}$${v}_{\mathrm{h}2}^{\prime }$${v}_{\mathrm{h}3}^{\prime }$ 为 3 个桥臂间电压折算到端口 1 的电压,${v}_{\mathrm{h}2}^{\prime }= {v}_{\mathrm{h}2}/{n}_{2}$${v}_{\mathrm{h}3}^{\prime }= {v}_{\mathrm{h}3}/{n}_{3}$,其电压幅值折算为${v}_{2}^{\prime }= {v}_{2}/{n}_{2}$${v}_{3}^{\prime }=$ ${v}_{3}/{n}_{3}$${D}_{1}\text{、}{D}_{2}\text{、}{D}_{3}$${\delta }_{1}\text{、}{\delta }_{2}\text{、}{\delta }_{3}$ 表示 3 个端口电压方波的占空比,二者之间的关系为${\delta }_{i}= \left({\pi -{D}_{i}\pi }\right)/2\left({i = 1,2,3}\right)$
通过改变移相角和占空比大小可以改变 2 个端口之间传输功率的大小。因此, 移相加占空比控制策略具有 5 个控制自由度,分别为${\varphi }_{12}\text{、}{\varphi }_{13}\text{、}{\delta }_{1}\text{、}{\delta }_{2}$${\delta }_{3}$,其中占空比${\delta }_{2}\text{、}{\delta }_{3}$ 与移相角${\varphi }_{12}\text{、}{\varphi }_{13}$ 之间的大小关系不确定。
使用移相加占空比控制策略, 端口 1 交流输出电压有 3 个状态:$\mathbb{①}+ {V}_{i},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{11}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{14}$ 导通; ②0,4个开关管均不导通;③$-{V}_{i},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{12}$${\mathrm{\;S}}_{13}$ 导通。则有${v}_{\mathrm{{hl}}}\left(\tau \right)= {s}_{1}\left(\tau \right){v}_{1}\left(\tau \right)$。其中开关函数${s}_{1}\left(\tau \right)$ 可以表示为
${s}_{1}\left(\tau \right)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 &\frac{{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \leq \tau <\frac{\pi -{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \\& 0 \leq \tau <\frac{{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \\ 0 &\frac{\pi -{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \leq \tau <\frac{\pi +{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \\& \frac{{2\pi }- {\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \leq \tau < T \\- 1 &\frac{\pi +{\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \leq \tau <\frac{{2\pi }- {\delta }_{1}}{2\pi }T \end{array}\right.$
式中:$T$ 为 1 个开关周期;$\tau$ 为时间变量。
同样, 端口 2 和端口 3 交流输出电压可以表示为${v}_{\mathrm{h}2}\left(\tau \right)= {s}_{2}\left(\tau \right){v}_{2}\left(\tau \right),{v}_{\mathrm{h}3}\left(\tau \right)= {s}_{3}\left(\tau \right){v}_{3}\left(\tau \right)$。根据图3所示的移相加占空比控制原理,考虑占空比${\delta }_{2}$ 与移相角${\varphi }_{12}$ 之间的大小关系,开关函数${s}_{2}\left(\tau \right)$ 具体值并不确定, 表示为
${s}_{2}\left(\tau \right)= \\\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 &\frac{{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T <\pi <\frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}- {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T \\& 0 \\& \frac{{\varphi }_{12}- {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T <\pi <\frac{{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T\;\left({{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}\right)\\& \frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}- {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T <\pi <\frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T\;\left({{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}\right)\\& 0 \leq s <\frac{{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T\;s <\frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T\;\left({{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}\right)\\& \frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}- {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T <\pi <\frac{\pi +{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}{2\pi }T\;\left({{\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}}\right)\\& 0 \leq s < T \\& 0 \leq s < T \\& 0 \leq s < T \\& 0 \leq s < T \\& \end{array}\right.$
同理,开关函数${s}_{3}\left(\tau \right)$ 形式也不确定,不再赘述。由于${s}_{2}\left(\tau \right)$${s}_{3}\left(\tau \right)$ 的零阶段起始值不能确定, 不利于开关函数的傅里叶级数展开, 将极大地增加变换器频域建模的难度。为了解决这一问题,本文提出 1 种交流方波源等效思想。以端口 2 电压为例, 可将端口 2 等效后的电压视为 2 个方波电压的组合, 如图4所示。
将电压${v}_{2}^{\prime }$ 看成是电压${v}_{2}^{\prime \prime }$${v}_{2}^{\prime \prime \prime }$ 组合而成,表示为${v}_{2}^{\prime }= {v}_{2}^{\prime \prime }- {v}_{2}^{\prime \prime \prime }$,则加入占空比调节之后的开关函数可表示为${s}_{2}= {0.5}{s}_{2}^{\prime \prime }- {0.5}{s}_{2}^{\prime \prime \prime }$,其中${s}_{2}^{\prime \prime }$ 可看成是滞后端口 1${\varphi }_{12}+ {\delta }_{2}$ 角度,${s}_{2}^{\prime \prime \prime }$ 可看成是滞后端口$1{\varphi }_{12}- {\delta }_{2}+ \pi$ 角度。 经过交流方波源等效处理后, TAB 3 个端口的桥臂间电压开关函数均可以唯一地等效为 2 个零阶段起始值确定的方波函数的叠加, 这有利于后文开关函数傅里叶级数展开运算。
广义状态空间平均模型可以根据选择的状态变量和输出变量进行分析, 对时域模型进行频域展开, 通过频域分解处理系统的非线性动态特性, 以获得时域不变的扩展状态空间模型, 进而利用线性系统方法实现控制系统设计。
任意周期函数$f\left( t\right)$ 傅里叶展开式的时域表达式和频域表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} f\left( t\right)= \frac{{a}_{0}}{2}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n = 1}}^{\infty }\left\lbrack {{a}_{n}\cos \left({n\omega t}\right)+ {b}_{n}\sin \left({n\omega t}\right)}\right\rbrack \\ f\left( t\right)= \frac{1}{2}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n =\infty }}^{\infty }\left({{a}_{n}- \mathrm{j}{b}_{n}}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{j}{nat}}\\{a}_{n}= \frac{2}{T}\;f\left( t\right)\cos \left({n\omega t}\right)\mathrm{d}t \\{b}_{n}= \frac{2}{T}\;f\left( t\right)\sin \left({n\omega t}\right)\mathrm{d}t \end{array}\right.$
式中:${a}_{0}$ 为常数项;${a}_{n}$ 为余弦项系数;${b}_{n}$ 为正弦项系数;$\omega$ 为基频的角频率。
其微分一阶系数表示为$<\mathrm{d}{i}_{1}\left(\tau \right)/\mathrm{d}t{> }_{1}\left( t\right)= \mathrm{d}< {i}_{1}{> }_{1}\left( t\right)/$ $\mathrm{d}t +\mathrm{j}{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}< {i}_{1}{> }_{1}\left( t\right)$
2 个相乘变量的零阶项系数和一阶项系数(一阶项系数分为实数项和虚数项)分别表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}< {xy}{> }_{0}= < x{> }_{0}< y{> }_{0}+ 2\left({ <{x}_{1\mathrm{\;R}}> <{y}_{1\mathrm{\;R}}> +< {x}_{1\mathrm{I}}> <{y}_{1\mathrm{I}}> }\right)\\< {xy}{> }_{1\mathrm{\;R}}= < x{> }_{0}< y{> }_{1\mathrm{\;R}}+ < x{> }_{1\mathrm{\;R}}< y{> }_{0}\\< {xy}{> }_{1\mathrm{I}}= < x{> }_{0}< y{> }_{1\mathrm{I}}+ < x{> }_{1\mathrm{I}}< y{> }_{0}\end{array}\right.$
依据开关函数,可将$\mathrm{Y}$ 形等效电路变为图5所示形式, 每条支路的阻抗可分别表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{Z}_{k,1}= {R}_{\mathrm{s}1}+ \mathrm{j}k{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}{L}_{1}\\{Z}_{k,2}= {R}_{\mathrm{s}2}/n +\mathrm{j}k{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}{L}_{2}/n \\{Z}_{k,3}= {R}_{\mathrm{s}3}/n +\mathrm{j}k{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}{L}_{3}/n \end{array}\right.$
式中,${\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为开关角频率。
为方便计算,定义新的常量字符${l}_{1\mathrm{R}}\text{、}{l}_{2\mathrm{R}}\text{、}{l}_{3\mathrm{R}}\text{、}{l}_{1\mathrm{I}}$${l}_{2\mathrm{I}}$${l}_{3\mathrm{I}}$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{{Z}_{1,1}{Z}_{1,2}}{{Z}_{1,1}{Z}_{1,2}+ {Z}_{1,2}{Z}_{1,3}+ {Z}_{1,3}{Z}_{1,1}}= {l}_{\mathrm{{IR}}}+ \mathrm{j}{l}_{\mathrm{{II}}}\\\frac{{Z}_{1,2}{Z}_{1,3}}{{Z}_{1,1}{Z}_{1,2}+ {Z}_{1,2}{Z}_{1,3}+ {Z}_{1,3}{Z}_{1,1}}= {l}_{\mathrm{{2R}}}+ \mathrm{j}{l}_{\mathrm{{2I}}}\\\frac{{Z}_{1,3}{Z}_{1,1}}{{Z}_{1,1}{Z}_{1,2}+ {Z}_{1,3}{Z}_{1,3}+ {Z}_{1,3}{Z}_{1,1}}= {l}_{\mathrm{{3R}}}+ \mathrm{j}{l}_{\mathrm{{3I}}}\end{array}\right.$
$\mathrm{Y}$ 形等效结构的中性点电压表示为
$< {v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}{> }_{k}= \frac{{Z}_{k,2}{Z}_{k,3}}{{Z}_{k,1}{Z}_{k,2}+ {Z}_{k,2}{Z}_{k,3}+ {Z}_{k,3}{Z}_{k,1}}< {s}_{1}{> }_{k}{v}_{1}+ \\\frac{{Z}_{k,3}{Z}_{k,1}}{{Z}_{k,1}{Z}_{k,2}+ {Z}_{k,2}{Z}_{k,3}+ {Z}_{k,3}{Z}_{k,1}}\frac{< {s}_{2}{v}_{2}{> }_{k}}{{n}_{2}}+ \\\frac{{Z}_{k,1}{Z}_{k,2}}{{Z}_{k,1}{Z}_{k,2}+ {Z}_{k,2}{Z}_{k,3}+ {Z}_{k,3}{Z}_{k,1}}\frac{< {s}_{3}{v}_{3}{> }_{k}}{{n}_{3}}$
重点关注${\left\langle {v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}\right\rangle }_{k}$ 的傅里叶一次展开项得
${\left\langle {v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{IR}}}= \frac{2{l}_{2\mathrm{I}}}{\pi }{V}_{1}\cos {\delta }_{1}+ \frac{2}{\pi }\left({{l}_{3\mathrm{I}}\cos {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}- }\right.\\\left.{{l}_{3\mathrm{R}}\sin {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)\frac{< {v}_{2}{> }_{0}}{{n}_{2}}+ \frac{2}{\pi }\text{.}\\\left({{l}_{\mathrm{{II}}}\cos {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}- {l}_{\mathrm{{IR}}}\sin {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}\right)\frac{< {v}_{3}{> }_{0}}{{n}_{3}}\\{\left\langle {v}_{\mathrm{t}}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{II}}}= -\frac{2{l}_{2\mathrm{R}}}{\pi }{V}_{1}\cos {\delta }_{1}- \frac{2}{\pi }\left({{l}_{3\mathrm{R}}\cos {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}+ }\right.\\\left.{{l}_{3\mathrm{I}}\sin {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)\frac{< {v}_{2}{> }_{0}}{{n}_{2}}- \frac{2}{\pi }\text{.}\\\left({{l}_{\mathrm{{IR}}}\cos {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}+ {l}_{\mathrm{{II}}}\sin {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}\right)\frac{< {v}_{3}{> }_{0}}{{n}_{3}}$
对端口 2 和端口 3 运用基尔霍夫电流、电压定律可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}{v}_{2}\left(\tau \right)}{\mathrm{d}\tau }= -\frac{1}{{C}_{2}{R}_{2}}{v}_{2}\left(\tau \right)- \frac{{s}_{2}\left(\tau \right)}{{C}_{2}}{i}_{2}\left(\tau \right)\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{2}\left(\tau \right)}{\mathrm{d}\tau }= -\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}}{{L}_{2}}{i}_{2}\left(\tau \right)+ \frac{{s}_{2}\left(\tau \right)}{{L}_{2}}{v}_{2}\left(\tau \right)- \frac{{n}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}\left(\tau \right)\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{v}_{3}\left(\tau \right)}{\mathrm{d}\tau }= -\frac{1}{{C}_{3}{R}_{3}}{v}_{3}\left(\tau \right)- \frac{{s}_{3}\left(\tau \right)}{{C}_{3}}{i}_{3}\left(\tau \right)\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{3}\left(\tau \right)}{\mathrm{d}\tau }= -\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{s}3}}{{C}_{3}}{i}_{3}\left(\tau \right)+ \frac{{s}_{3}\left(\tau \right)}{{C}_{3}}{v}_{3}\left(\tau \right)- \frac{{n}_{3}}{{L}_{3}}{v}_{\mathrm{{tr}}}\left(\tau \right)\end{array}\right.$
对式 (10) 左、右项均进行傅里叶展开,然后对直流量取零次项, 对交流量取一次项, 可得
$\begin{array}{l}\frac{d}{dt}d{v}_{N}= -\frac{1}{{L}_{2}}s{v}_{N}- {c}_{1}{c}_{2}{v}_{N}- \frac{2}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}- \frac{2}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}- \frac{2}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{2}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}\\\frac{d}{dt}d{v}_{N}= -\frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}s{v}_{N}+ {m}_{A}{c}_{A}{v}_{N}+ \frac{{s}_{A}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}\\\frac{d}{dt}d{v}_{N}= -\frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}s{v}_{N}- {m}_{A}{c}_{A}{v}_{N}+ \frac{{s}_{A}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}\\\frac{d}{dt}d{v}_{N}= -\frac{1}{{L}_{2}}s{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{1}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{2}}{{L}_{2}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}\\\frac{d}{dt}d{v}_{N}= -\frac{{L}_{3}}{{L}_{3}}= {\lambda }_{3}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{3}}{{L}_{3}}= {\lambda }_{3}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}- \frac{{L}_{3}}{{L}_{3}}{s}_{N}{v}_{N}{c}_{N}.\end{array}$
本文中, TAB 端口 1 和端口 2 的开关函数经过交流方波源等效处理, 其傅里叶展开式一阶项系数推导过程分别如表1表2所示。端口 3 与端口 2 的情形相似,此处不再赘述。如此,获得 3 个端口的开关函数傅里叶级数展开式一次项系数为${\left\langle {s}_{1}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{n}}$=$ 0,{\left.<{s}_{1}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{II}}}= -\frac{2}{\pi }\cos {\delta }_{1},{\left\langle {s}_{2}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{IR}}}= -\frac{2\sin {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}{\pi },{\left\langle {s}_{2}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{II}}}= \\- \frac{2\cos {\varphi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}{\pi },{\left\langle {s}_{3}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{IR}}}= -\frac{2\sin {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi },{\left\langle {s}_{3}\right\rangle }_{\mathrm{{II}}}= \\- \frac{2\cos {\varphi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi }\text{。}$
将傅里叶级数展开式一次项系数、式(8)、式(9)代入式(11)得 TAB 变换器的大信号模型为
$\mathbf{B}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 2{n}_{2}{l}_{12}\cos {\delta }_{1}/\pi {L}_{3}\\ 2{n}_{2}{l}_{12}\cos {\delta }_{1}/\pi {L}_{3}\\ 0 \\- 2{n}_{3}{l}_{12}\cos {\delta }_{1}/\pi {L}_{3}\\ 2{n}_{3}{l}_{12}\cos {\delta }_{1}/\pi {L}_{3}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack ;\;\left\{{\begin{array}{lll}{m}_{1}= \frac{2\cos {\delta }_{2}}{\pi {L}_{1}}\left({\left({{m}_{1}\text{-1}}\right)\sin {\varphi }_{2}- {l}_{31}\cos {\varphi }_{2}}\right)& {m}_{2}= \frac{2\cos {\delta }_{2}}{\pi {L}_{2}{n}_{3}}\left({{l}_{11}\sin {\varphi }_{3}- {l}_{1\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{2}}\right)& {m}_{2}= \frac{2{n}_{2}\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi {L}_{3}{n}_{3}}\left({{l}_{11}\sin {\varphi }_{3}+ {l}_{1\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{3}}\right)\\{m}_{3}= \frac{2\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi {L}_{3}{n}_{2}}\left({{l}_{13}\sin {\varphi }_{2}- {l}_{3\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{2}}\right)& {m}_{6}= \frac{2\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi {L}_{3}{n}_{3}}\left({\left({{l}_{11}- 1}\right)\sin {\varphi }_{3}- {l}_{1\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{3}}\right)& \\{m}_{7}= \frac{2{n}_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi {L}_{3}{n}_{2}}\left({{l}_{13}\sin {\varphi }_{2}+ {l}_{3\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{2}}\right)& {m}_{8}= \frac{2\cos {\delta }_{3}}{\pi {L}_{3}{n}_{2}}\left({{l}_{13}\cos {\varphi }_{1}- {l}_{1\mathrm{n}}\cos {\varphi }_{3}}\right)& \\& &\end{array}.}\right.$
对上述大信号模型加入小信号扰动,即
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {\varphi }_{2}= {\varphi }_{2}- {\phi }_{2},\Delta {v}_{20}= {v}_{20}- {V}_{20},\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}= {i}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}- {I}_{{21}\mathrm{R}},\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{I}}= {i}_{{21}\mathrm{{II}}}- {I}_{{21}\mathrm{{II}}}\\\Delta {\varphi }_{3}= {\varphi }_{3}- {\phi }_{3},\Delta {v}_{30}= {v}_{30}- {V}_{30},\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}= {i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}- {I}_{{31}\mathrm{R}},\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{{II}}}= {i}_{{31}\mathrm{{II}}}- {I}_{{31}\mathrm{{II}}}\end{array}\right.$
同时对$\sin$$\cos$ 函数做估计
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\sin \left({{\phi }_{i}+ \Delta {\varphi }_{i}}\right)= \sin {\phi }_{i}+ \cos {\phi }_{i}\Delta {\varphi }_{i}\\\cos \left({{\phi }_{i}+ \Delta {\varphi }_{i}}\right)= \cos {\phi }_{i}- \sin {\phi }_{i}\Delta {\varphi }_{i}\end{array}\right.$
最终, 获得 TAB 变换器工作在移相加占空比控制策略下的小信号模型表达式, 即
$\mathbf{C}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\beta }_{1}& 0 \\{\beta }_{2}& {\beta }_{3}\\{\beta }_{4}& {\beta }_{5}\\{\beta }_{5}& {\beta }_{6}\\{\beta }_{7}& {\beta }_{8}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\beta }_{3}= \frac{1}{\pi {l}_{2}}\left({{l}_{1\max }{\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}- {l}_{2\ln }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)& {\beta }_{2}= \frac{2{V}_{2}}{\pi {L}_{2}}\left\lbrack {\left({{l}_{1\max }- {l}_{3}}\right)\cos {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}+ {l}_{1\sin }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right\rbrack \\{\beta }_{4}= \frac{2{V}_{2}{V}_{0}}{\pi {l}_{2}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}- {l}_{1\sin }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)& {\beta }_{4}= \frac{2{V}_{2}}{\pi {L}_{2}}\left\lbrack {{V}_{3}\log {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}+ \left({1 -{l}_{1\max }}\right)\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right\rbrack \\{\beta }_{5}= \frac{2{V}_{3}{V}_{0}}{\pi {L}_{2}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{2}- {l}_{1\min }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)& {\beta }_{6}= \frac{4}{\pi {L}_{3}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}- {l}_{1\min }\sin {\phi }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}\right)\\{\beta }_{7}= \frac{2{V}_{3}{V}_{0}}{\pi {L}_{3}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}- {l}_{2\min }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)& {\beta }_{8}= \frac{2{V}_{0}}{\pi {L}_{3}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}+ {l}_{1\min }\sin {\delta }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}\right)\\{\beta }_{9}= \frac{2{V}_{1}{V}_{0}}{{l}_{3}{l}_{2}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}- {l}_{2\min }\sin {\phi }_{2}\cos {\delta }_{2}}\right)& {\beta }_{10}= \frac{2{V}_{0}}{\pi {L}_{3}}\left({{l}_{1\max }\cos {\delta }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}+ {l}_{1\min }\sin {\delta }_{3}\cos {\delta }_{3}}\right)\\& \end{array}\right.$
TAB 变换器工作于稳态时需要满足关系式$\mathrm{d}\mathbf{X}/\mathrm{d}t = 0$,则可通过大信号模型获得各个变量的稳态值,用${V}_{20}\text{、}{I}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}\text{、}{I}_{{21}\mathrm{I}}\text{、}{V}_{30}\text{、}{I}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}\text{、}{I}_{{31}\mathrm{I}}$ 表示,将移相角${\delta }_{1}$${\delta }_{2}$${\delta }_{3}$ 看作为固定值,仅将移相角${\varphi }_{12}$${\varphi }_{13}$ 看成是控制自由度。稳态时其余电路的参数如表3所示, 求解$\mathrm{d}X/\mathrm{d}t = 0$,得
$\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\Delta \mathbf{X}= \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}{\left\lbrack \Delta {v}_{20}\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{I}}\Delta {v}_{30}\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{I}}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}= \\\mathbf{A}{\left\lbrack \Delta {v}_{20}\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}\Delta {i}_{{21}\mathrm{I}}\Delta {v}_{30}\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}\Delta {i}_{{31}\mathrm{I}}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}+ \\\mathbf{C}{\left\lbrack \begin{array}{ll}\Delta {\varphi }_{2}& {\Delta \Delta }{\varphi }_{2}\end{array}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}$
式中:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_{20}= {68.6467}\\{i}_{{21}\mathrm{R}}= {0.0523}\\{i}_{{21}\mathrm{I}}= {1.2089}\\{v}_{30}= {81.384}\\{i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}= -{0.5407}\\{i}_{{31}\mathrm{R}}= {0.9152}\end{array}\right.$
对式(15)左、右两端进行拉式变换,获得端口 2 和端口 3 电压关于移相角的传递函数为
$\frac{{u}_{2}\left( s\right)}{{\varphi }_{2}\left( s\right)} =\frac{-{1.267}\times {10}^{60}{s}^{5}- {2.251}\times {10}^{64}{s}^{4}+ {1.314}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {2.908}\times {10}^{74}{s}^{2}+ {2.396}\times {10}^{81}s +{6.17}\times {10}^{82}}{{1.077}\times {10}^{57}{s}^{6}+ {7.978}\times {10}^{80}{s}^{5}+ {3.407}\times {10}^{67}{s}^{4}+ {1.274}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {2.692}\times {10}^{77}{s}^{2}+ {2.031}\times {10}^{79}s +{3.476}\times {10}}$
$\frac{{u}_{2}\left( s\right)}{{\varphi }_{3}\left( s\right)} =\frac{{1.104}\times {10}^{64}{s}^{4}- {3.154}\times {10}^{70}{s}^{3}+ {5.528}\times {10}^{73}{s}^{2}- {4.988}\times {10}^{80}s -{9.651}\times {10}^{81}}{{1.007}\times {10}^{57}{s}^{6}+ {7.978}\times {10}^{60}{s}^{5}+ {3.407}\times {10}^{67}{s}^{4}+ {1.274}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {2.692}\times {10}^{77}{s}^{2}+ {2.031}\times {10}^{79}s +{3.476}\times {10}^{80}}\left( 1\right)$
$\frac{{u}_{3}\left( s\right)}{{\varphi }_{2}\left( s\right)} =\frac{-{3.314}\times {10}^{64}{s}^{4}- {2.653}\times {10}^{70}{s}^{3}- {6.2}\times {10}^{74}{s}^{2}- {4.172}\times {10}^{80}s -{2.838}\times {10}^{82}}{{1.077}\times {10}^{57}{s}^{6}+ {7.978}\times {10}^{60}{s}^{5}+ {3.407}\times {10}^{67}{s}^{4}+ {1.274}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {2.692}\times {10}^{77}{s}^{2}+ {2.031}\times {10}^{79}s + 3.}$
$\frac{{u}_{3}\left( s\right)}{{\varphi }_{3}\left( s\right)} =\frac{-{2.213}\times {10}^{60}{s}^{5}- {2.968}\times {10}^{64}{s}^{4}+ {1.047}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {1.646}\times {10}^{74}{s}^{2}+ {2.211}\times {10}^{81}s +{1.109}\times {10}^{83}}{{1.007}\times {10}^{57}{s}^{6}+ {7.978}\times {10}^{60}{s}^{5}+ {3.407}\times {10}^{67}{s}^{4}+ {1.274}\times {10}^{71}{s}^{3}+ {2.692}\times {10}^{77}{s}^{2}+ {2.031}\times {10}^{79}s +{3.476}\times 1}$
式中,$s$ 为拉氏变换得到传递函数的$s$ 算子,是复变量, 代表复频率。
为验证理论推导出的传递函数的正确性, 采用 PLECS 软件进行频率响应验证, 结果如图6所示。 由图6可以看出, 仿真软件的扫频结果与理论推导所得传递函数的伯德图在低频段十分契合, 在高频段的相角有些许差异, 可以证明理论推导模型的正确性,故能够利用推导的传递函数设计闭环$\mathrm{{PI}}$ 控制器参数。本文采用 PI 控制器对端口 2 和端口 3 的输出电压进行闭环调节,其控制框图如图7所示。由于推导的传递函数阶数高, 不易手动计算控制器的 PI 参数, 选择在 MATLAB 软件中使用 PID tuner 和 SISOtool 工具进行控制器参数设计,如图8所示。最终设计出的$\mathrm{{PI}}$ 参数:$\mathrm{{PI}}1 ={0.97054}\left({1 +{0.0067s}}\right)/\mathrm{s}$$\mathrm{{PI}}2 =$ 0.256${26}\left({1 +{0.013s}}\right)/{s}_{\circ }$
为进一步验证以上理论分析和参数设计的正确性,本文搭建了基于 TMS320F28379D DSP 控制器的 TAB 变换器实验样机, 主电路开关管选用 IMZA65R048M1H 碳化硅 MOSFET, 驱动芯片选用 UCC5310,高频变压器磁芯选用纳米晶磁环 HJ5020。 实验样机如图9所示, 实验参数见表3, 实验波形如图10所示。图10(a)为 3 个端口桥臂的交流电压波形,其中${\delta }_{1}= 0,{\delta }_{2}= {0.1\pi },{\delta }_{3}= {0.15\pi }$。 3 个端口桥臂电压与电感电流的波形分别如图10(b)~(d)所示, 其中电流正方向规定如图1所示。需要指出的是,图10(b)中端口 1 的电流有明显的尖峰,原因可能是实验样机中端口 1 处高频变压器线圈的分布电容偏大, 当端口电压突变时, 会有电流尖峰出现。暂态条件下端口 2 和端口 3 输出电压波形如图10(e)所示,其中端口 2 输出电压给定值为${50}\mathrm{\;V}$, 端口 3 输出电压给定值在${60}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;V}$ 反复切换,由图10(e)可见, 端口 3 输出电压能够跟随电压给定值变化,验证了本文设计 PI 控制参数的正确性。
本文分析了移相加占空比控制策略的工作原理, 推导了 TAB 变换器工作在移相加占空比控制策略下的广义状态空间平均模型, 利用建立的小信号模型状态空间方程给出输出电压有关于移相角的传递函数, 借助传递函数设计闭环的控制参数。 最后, 结合数字仿真及样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性及有效性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52277199)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2023-YBGY-377)
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2024年第22卷第5期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.161
  • 接收时间:2021-10-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-21
  • 修回日期:2021-12-14
  • 录用日期:2022-01-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52277199)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52277199)
Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China(2023-YBGY-377)
陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2023-YBGY-377)
作者信息
    1 西北工业大学 自动化学院 西安 710072
    2 西安交通大学 电气工程学院 西安 710049
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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