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The lithium-ion battery equalizer based on switched inductor is still of strong practical value in low-power portable electrical equipment. However, the switching devices in the equalizer operate in a hard-switching state under traditional control strategies. A soft-switching implementation algorithm for battery equalizer based on switched inductor in continuous current mode is proposed. The determinants of the inductor current of the equalizer and the charging and discharging current of a battery cell are analyzed. Then, a soft-switching implementation algorithm for the switching devices in the equalizer is proposed, and its control accuracy is analyzed. The equivalent impedance and open-circuit voltage of the battery cell can be obtained in real time by detecting the change rate of battery cell voltage and charging current, which further ensures the accuracy of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed soft-switching control algorithm has a good performance.
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针对开关电感的锂离子电池均衡器在小功率便携式用电设备中仍有很强的实用价值,但传统控制策略控制的均衡器中开关管为硬开关的问题,提出1种基于开关电感锂电池均衡器电流连续运行模式下的软开关实现算法。分析均衡器电感电流电池单体充、放电电流大小的决定因素,由此提出均衡器中开关管的软开关实现算法并分析了该算法的控制精度。通过检测电池单体的电压与充电电流的变化率可实时得到电池单体的等效阻抗与开路电压,进一步保证了算法的精度。实验结果表明,所提软开关控制算法性能良好。
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 |
高彬桓(2000-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电池管理技术。E-mail:gaobinhuan@163.com。 |
胡勇(1980-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:功率电子变换技术。E-mail:hy169169@163.com。
刘爱忠(1982-),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:功率电子变换技术。E-mail:41565885@qq.com。
刘俊(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电池管理技术。E-mail:1002861541@qq.com。
刘宇涵(1999-),男,本科,硕士研究生。研究方向:电池管理技术。E-mail:3029764276@qq.com。
阚加荣(1979-),男,通信作者,硕士,教授。研究方向:功率电子变换技术。E-mail:kanjr@163.com。
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Switched inductor equalizer for energy exchange between adjacent cells, figureFileSmall=FhM0DYTP9uJ0JvdHRJIqdw==, figureFileBig=VMy9RqntGBTLMzjdqoyFwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032997662708505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
相邻单体能量交换的开关电感均衡器, figureFileSmall=FhM0DYTP9uJ0JvdHRJIqdw==, figureFileBig=VMy9RqntGBTLMzjdqoyFwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032997717234461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Operation waveforms of equalizer in, figureFileSmall=xnOvGXCJ8IFNGml3HU9iJw==, figureFileBig=Nc3+GI6vRArf+dOLVeH+pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032997780149020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
均衡器电流连续运行模式时的工作波形, figureFileSmall=xnOvGXCJ8IFNGml3HU9iJw==, figureFileBig=Nc3+GI6vRArf+dOLVeH+pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032997847257888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Modes of equalizer when it operates in CCM mode, figureFileSmall=pw9xT7pq86qrWh/ypncycw==, figureFileBig=Y1JD+FGI8DbMF4oZRkxoOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032997935338272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
均衡器电流连续运行模式时模态, figureFileSmall=pw9xT7pq86qrWh/ypncycw==, figureFileBig=Y1JD+FGI8DbMF4oZRkxoOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998015030051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Equivalent circuits of equalizer under operation, figureFileSmall=+sLJ6sUZcsaETRGbSq5rXg==, figureFileBig=SnNcrAqq9pE0EX3juXRXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998086333221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
均衡器运行等效电路, figureFileSmall=+sLJ6sUZcsaETRGbSq5rXg==, figureFileBig=SnNcrAqq9pE0EX3juXRXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998161830694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Operation waveforms of inductor current when all switching devices in the equalizer realize soft switching, figureFileSmall=eZuIwlXr0E1erPHZXkU4vQ==, figureFileBig=M4YTC1NCEHGm7jRbiyf0jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998212162345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
均衡器开关器件全部软开关时电感电流运行波形, figureFileSmall=eZuIwlXr0E1erPHZXkU4vQ==, figureFileBig=M4YTC1NCEHGm7jRbiyf0jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998287659820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Flow chart of soft-switching implementation strategy for equalizer, figureFileSmall=06b+zSsMJY2/SrRPZhjS9g==, figureFileBig=8r4dqflOXsIqaK/GkJKuiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998354768687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
均衡器软开关策略实现流程, figureFileSmall=06b+zSsMJY2/SrRPZhjS9g==, figureFileBig=8r4dqflOXsIqaK/GkJKuiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998426071858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Curves of $D$ varying with cell voltage, figureFileSmall=A1H8LNU1HX3TJNAcEqxBNw==, figureFileBig=IrQx0XTjrPMbvKgg5j3auw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998551900984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
占空比的理论值随单体电压的变化, figureFileSmall=A1H8LNU1HX3TJNAcEqxBNw==, figureFileBig=IrQx0XTjrPMbvKgg5j3auw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998635787068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Effect of $D$ error on the actual minimum value of inductor current, figureFileSmall=JWvi+Od+/f3k1hflUXapwQ==, figureFileBig=6Z/IzBTiX8yjfdTvk6odeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998719673152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
占空比误差对电感电流实际最小值的影响, figureFileSmall=JWvi+Od+/f3k1hflUXapwQ==, figureFileBig=6Z/IzBTiX8yjfdTvk6odeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998803559236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion battery, figureFileSmall=Mz4Y523i+2pWu1WycFg9tQ==, figureFileBig=5Z3eVa9SfmSpBfJZh5plqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998883251013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
锂离子电池等效模型, figureFileSmall=Mz4Y523i+2pWu1WycFg9tQ==, figureFileBig=5Z3eVa9SfmSpBfJZh5plqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032998933582662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Current and voltage waveforms of lithium-ion battery during charging current mutation, figureFileSmall=KgueKrUVlys3jbspklGt7w==, figureFileBig=s0qmnlqRB2rWyktgrXph2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999013274442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
锂离子电池充电电流突变时的电压、电流波形, figureFileSmall=KgueKrUVlys3jbspklGt7w==, figureFileBig=s0qmnlqRB2rWyktgrXph2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999084577613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Experimental prototype, figureFileSmall=mEZ7ESV+S35D2oM0FiYDGg==, figureFileBig=WT74eln9YAfB2GssgprdRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999139103568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
实验样机, figureFileSmall=mEZ7ESV+S35D2oM0FiYDGg==, figureFileBig=WT74eln9YAfB2GssgprdRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999193629524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Operation waveforms of equalizer in two cases, figureFileSmall=zP+qdTeybTd3Kq2rEyS77g==, figureFileBig=Q4mBEBwPFVrqLTGzgLoN7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999256544087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
2种情况下均衡器工作波形, figureFileSmall=zP+qdTeybTd3Kq2rEyS77g==, figureFileBig=Q4mBEBwPFVrqLTGzgLoN7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999336235864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Soft-switching implementation waveforms of switches when ${U}_{\mathrm{{BOI}}}= {4.05}\mathrm{\;V}$ and ${U}_{\mathrm{{BO}}2}= {3.63}\mathrm{\;V}$, figureFileSmall=ZWcoCSUy5vXzVBxyFTnbeg==, figureFileBig=cf4JEpSW0jn6wKfzRyYPCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999428510555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
${U}_{\mathrm{{BOI}}}= {4.05}\mathrm{\;V}\text{、}{U}_{\mathrm{{BO2}}}= {3.63}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时开关管的软开关实现波形, figureFileSmall=ZWcoCSUy5vXzVBxyFTnbeg==, figureFileBig=cf4JEpSW0jn6wKfzRyYPCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999487230814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Comparison of efficiency between proposed scheme and traditional strategy, figureFileSmall=MMO6/Ec1CcdZ4Adko37uLw==, figureFileBig=9s7N0VMbNNgNteD4gizotg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999562728288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
本文所提方案与传统策略的效率对比, figureFileSmall=MMO6/Ec1CcdZ4Adko37uLw==, figureFileBig=9s7N0VMbNNgNteD4gizotg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032999621448548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Elements of prototype and some key parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值或型号 |
| 单片机 | STM32F103 |
| 额定${U}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{V}$ | 3.7 |
| 电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ | 19.8 |
| ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ | IRF3205 |
| 锂电池 | 26650/3.7Ah |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{m}\Omega$ | 56 |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{L}}/\mathrm{m}\Omega$ | 150 |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{S}}/{C}_{\text{oss }}$ | $8\mathrm{\;m}\Omega /{0.01\mu }\mathrm{F}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154032999680168806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695650270142964, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
样机采用器件及部分关键参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值或型号 |
| 单片机 | STM32F103 |
| 额定${U}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{V}$ | 3.7 |
| 电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ | 19.8 |
| ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ | IRF3205 |
| 锂电池 | 26650/3.7Ah |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{m}\Omega$ | 56 |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{L}}/\mathrm{m}\Omega$ | 150 |
| ${R}_{\mathrm{S}}/{C}_{\text{oss }}$ | $8\mathrm{\;m}\Omega /{0.01\mu }\mathrm{F}$ |
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