Article(id=1153695642619728323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.143, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1621612800000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-22, revisedDate=1636560000000, revisedDateStr=2021-11-11, acceptedDate=1637251200000, acceptedDateStr=2021-11-19, onlineDate=1752992075829, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752992075829, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752992075829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752992075829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153695641046864317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752992075453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780969288, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=143, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153695643039158724, articleId=1153695642619728323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Active Damping Control Method of Fully Equivalent Shunt Resistor for Grid-connected Inverter, columnId=1152281492488549232, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-AC Inverters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the passive damping method of capacitor in parallel with resistor, the active damping method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor can complete the virtualization of shunt resistor using the control algorithm and realize the active damping of the resonant peak from the output filter through the capacitor current feedback. However, the existing method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor cannot achieve a strict equivalence of shunt resistance, which leads to the problem of poor dynamic performance. To solve this problem, through the transformation of the control block diagram, an active damping control method of fully equivalent shunt resistor based on capacitor voltage and capacitor current feedback is proposed, thus realizing the strict equivalence of passive damping method of capacitor in parallel with resistor. At the same time, the active damping control method of fully equivalent shunt resistor is obtained through the analysis of dominant poles of the system. Compared with the method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor based on the current loop, this method can effectively improve the damping ratio and response speed of the system while reducing the overshoot. Finally, simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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虚拟电阻并联电容有源阻尼法是在电容并联电阻无源阻尼法的基础上通过反馈电容电流,从控制算法上达到对并联电阻的虚拟,实现对输出滤波器谐振峰的有源阻尼。针对现有虚拟电阻并联电容法无法实现并联电阻的严格等效,带来了动态性能欠佳的问题,通过控制框图的变换,提出1种基于电容电压与电容电流反馈的全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法,实现了电容并联电阻无源阻尼法严格意义上的等效,并通过对系统主导极点的分析得出:相较于基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法,所提全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法可以有效增加系统的阻尼比,提高系统的响应速度,减小超调量。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

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朱江舸(2000-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,本科。研究方向:并网系统控制。E-mail: 2018211683@mail.hfut.edu.cn。

李飞(1984-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换技术与并网系统控制策略。E-mail:sandflylf@qq.com。

凤强(1999-),男,本科。研究方向:阻抗适配器及其应用。E-mail: 1079297800@qq.com。

吴金涛(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子装置阻抗测量技术。E-mail: 1504795931@qq.com。

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朱江舸(2000-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,本科。研究方向:并网系统控制。E-mail: 2018211683@mail.hfut.edu.cn。

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朱江舸(2000-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,本科。研究方向:并网系统控制。E-mail: 2018211683@mail.hfut.edu.cn。

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李飞(1984-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换技术与并网系统控制策略。E-mail:sandflylf@qq.com。

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李飞(1984-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换技术与并网系统控制策略。E-mail:sandflylf@qq.com。

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凤强(1999-),男,本科。研究方向:阻抗适配器及其应用。E-mail: 1079297800@qq.com。

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凤强(1999-),男,本科。研究方向:阻抗适配器及其应用。E-mail: 1079297800@qq.com。

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吴金涛(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子装置阻抗测量技术。E-mail: 1504795931@qq.com。

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吴金涛(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子装置阻抗测量技术。E-mail: 1504795931@qq.com。

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Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2005. 2: 775-780., articleTitle=Sensorless operation of active damping method for three-phase PWM converters, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154032975231574964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, awardId=52177175, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177175), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032975290295222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, awardId=52177175, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177175), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154032965202993845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154032965207188150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, companyId=1154032965202993845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154032965215576759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, companyId=1154032965202993845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥工业大学 电气与自动化工程学院 合肥 230009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154032973037953937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Passive method of resistor in parallel with capacitor, figureFileSmall=2S2No8c+aAa6NSDLDbkTNw==, figureFileBig=bqBoy6bCjrRXK3fC08lkKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973088285586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=图1, caption=无源电阻并联电容法, 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figureFileSmall=vwJqRZ6xx4f+KeCNyK7mdw==, figureFileBig=S4Mj4x6u4+yc4TfWaNo3iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973402858390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法与实际虚拟电容并联电阻法对比, figureFileSmall=vwJqRZ6xx4f+KeCNyK7mdw==, figureFileBig=S4Mj4x6u4+yc4TfWaNo3iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973465772951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Control block diagram of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor based on current loop, figureFileSmall=lH1haI/UWdlSBayueEjm5A==, figureFileBig=e4UfPLsaNqNFk6Z2UxCJXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973545464729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容的控制框图, figureFileSmall=lH1haI/UWdlSBayueEjm5A==, 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figureFileBig=q8sGEbG2gmv9OxRqvdTCNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973847454623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于电容电压与电流反馈的虚拟电阻并联电容控制框图, figureFileSmall=HfYmKAY2biJ+fw6WlJ4aRQ==, figureFileBig=q8sGEbG2gmv9OxRqvdTCNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973906174880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison of pole and zero distribution, figureFileSmall=bJpUvzOblFb0hNrcACv0Fg==, figureFileBig=3cZY/5EhSqOU00FmYK6tog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032973981672353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=图7, caption=零极点分布对比, figureFileSmall=bJpUvzOblFb0hNrcACv0Fg==, figureFileBig=3cZY/5EhSqOU00FmYK6tog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032974032004002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
电网电压峰值${U}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{V}$ 60
电网频率$f/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 50
直流电压给定${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\mathrm{V}$ 150
开关频率${f}_{0}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 5
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 11
滤波电感$L/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1.2
滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1.2
并联虚拟电阻${R}_{\mathrm{d}}/\Omega$ 100
调节器参数${K}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 950
调节器参数${K}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 1000
), ArticleFig(id=1154032974677926828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=表1, caption=控制参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
电网电压峰值${U}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{V}$ 60
电网频率$f/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 50
直流电压给定${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/\mathrm{V}$ 150
开关频率${f}_{0}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 5
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 11
滤波电感$L/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1.2
滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1.2
并联虚拟电阻${R}_{\mathrm{d}}/\Omega$ 100
调节器参数${K}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 950
调节器参数${K}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 1000
), ArticleFig(id=1154032974807950254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Comparison of experimental effect under two control strategies, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制策略 超调量/% 调节时间/ms
基于电流环的虚拟电阻 并联电容法 8.67 31.40
基于电容电压与电流 反馈的有源阻尼法 5.26 21.80
), ArticleFig(id=1154032974875059120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642619728323, language=CN, label=表2, caption=2种控制策略实验效果对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制策略 超调量/% 调节时间/ms
基于电流环的虚拟电阻 并联电容法 8.67 31.40
基于电容电压与电流 反馈的有源阻尼法 5.26 21.80
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并网逆变器全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法
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朱江舸 , 李飞 , 凤强 , 吴金涛
电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024,22(5): 143-149
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电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024, 22(5): 143-149
并网逆变器全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法
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朱江舸 , 李飞 , 凤强 , 吴金涛
作者信息
  • 合肥工业大学 电气与自动化工程学院 合肥 230009
  • 朱江舸(2000-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,本科。研究方向:并网系统控制。E-mail: 2018211683@mail.hfut.edu.cn。

    李飞(1984-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子变换技术与并网系统控制策略。E-mail:sandflylf@qq.com。

    凤强(1999-),男,本科。研究方向:阻抗适配器及其应用。E-mail: 1079297800@qq.com。

    吴金涛(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子装置阻抗测量技术。E-mail: 1504795931@qq.com。

Active Damping Control Method of Fully Equivalent Shunt Resistor for Grid-connected Inverter
Jiangge ZHU , Fei LI , Qiang FENG , Jintao WU
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.143
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虚拟电阻并联电容有源阻尼法是在电容并联电阻无源阻尼法的基础上通过反馈电容电流,从控制算法上达到对并联电阻的虚拟,实现对输出滤波器谐振峰的有源阻尼。针对现有虚拟电阻并联电容法无法实现并联电阻的严格等效,带来了动态性能欠佳的问题,通过控制框图的变换,提出1种基于电容电压与电容电流反馈的全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法,实现了电容并联电阻无源阻尼法严格意义上的等效,并通过对系统主导极点的分析得出:相较于基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法,所提全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法可以有效增加系统的阻尼比,提高系统的响应速度,减小超调量。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

有源阻尼法  /  全等效并联电阻  /  逆变器谐振抑制  /  动态性能

Based on the passive damping method of capacitor in parallel with resistor, the active damping method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor can complete the virtualization of shunt resistor using the control algorithm and realize the active damping of the resonant peak from the output filter through the capacitor current feedback. However, the existing method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor cannot achieve a strict equivalence of shunt resistance, which leads to the problem of poor dynamic performance. To solve this problem, through the transformation of the control block diagram, an active damping control method of fully equivalent shunt resistor based on capacitor voltage and capacitor current feedback is proposed, thus realizing the strict equivalence of passive damping method of capacitor in parallel with resistor. At the same time, the active damping control method of fully equivalent shunt resistor is obtained through the analysis of dominant poles of the system. Compared with the method of virtual resistor in parallel with capacitor based on the current loop, this method can effectively improve the damping ratio and response speed of the system while reducing the overshoot. Finally, simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Active damping method  /  fully equivalent shunt resistor  /  inverter resonance suppression  /  dynamic performance
朱江舸, 李飞, 凤强, 吴金涛. 并网逆变器全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (5) : 143 -149 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.143
Jiangge ZHU, Fei LI, Qiang FENG, Jintao WU. Active Damping Control Method of Fully Equivalent Shunt Resistor for Grid-connected Inverter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (5) : 143 -149 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.143
大规模的新能源电力系统需要通过并网逆变器接入电网, 因此逆变器自身稳定运行是新能源灵活、可靠并网发电的基础。并网逆变器一般通过高阶滤波器与电网相连[1]。LCL 型滤波器由于自身高频段拥有良好的衰减特性, 可以有效地滤除系统中开关频率、开关频率整数倍及其边带的高频谐波[2], 而其体积相对于拥有相同滤波效果的$\mathrm{L}$ 型滤波器要小数倍,因此得到了广泛应用。但 LCL 滤波器存在自然谐振点, 会使谐振频率处的响应电流发散, 降低系统稳定裕度。针对此问题,文献[3]提出 1 种在滤波器的电容支路上串联电阻, 为系统提供阻尼以抑制谐振的无源阻尼法; 文献[4]提出 1 种在电容支路并联电阻的无源阻尼法, 具有更好的谐振抑制效果。无源阻尼虽然可以有效抑制谐波的产生,但会使系统产生巨大损耗, 降低系统效率。文献[5]引入电容电流反馈的广义积分电流控制器, 通过电容电流反馈使零极点从单位圆边缘移向使系统更稳定的区域, 增加系统的稳定裕度, 但其反馈参数设计较为复杂; 文献[6]采用有源阻尼双环控制结构, 电容电压在控制中被注入至整流器输入电流, 用来调整输入电流的参考值, 避免了无源阻尼带来的损耗问题, 但需要调节 2 个 PI 参数, 调节器控制参数设计过程较繁琐; 文献[7]提出 1 种基于虚拟电阻串联电容设计的有源阻尼方案, 但电容支路串联电阻会削弱滤波器在高频段的滤波效果。为了有效克服上述方法的缺点,文献[8]提出了 1 种基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容有源阻尼法, 解决了虚拟电阻串联电容有源阻尼法带来的高频部分滤波效果衰减的问题,且无需引入微分环节,工业上容易实现,但该方案不能完全等效地实现并联电阻的虚拟, 且相比于无源阻尼法, 会显著降低电流环的响应速度; 文献[9]采用 1 种电容电流经过比例环节反馈到控制回路的虚拟电阻并联电容法, 然而相比于无源阻尼法, 该方案会显著降低电流环的响应速度, 不能实现并联电阻的完全等效;文献[10]提出 1 种虚拟电阻+电容有源阻尼的方法, 通过滤波电容电压得到虚拟电阻+电容支路的电流作为有源阻尼电流, 对 LCL 滤波器谐振进行抑制, 但该方案的虚拟电容实质上是微分环节, 降低了系统稳定性且需要设计 2 个参数, 参数设计较为复杂; 文献[11]提出 1 种基于虚拟电容电压反馈的有源阻尼控制策略, 将得到的虚拟滤波电容电压反馈到电压控制内环来抑制滤波器谐振, 然而该方案利用电网电压推导电容电压信号,阻尼抑制的速度有所下降。
综上, 本文提出 1 种基于反馈电容电流电压的虚拟电阻有源阻尼法, 利用电容电压和电容电流作为反馈量进行控制, 旨在实现并联电阻的完全虚拟, 并通过理论分析和 MATLAB/Simulink 仿真证明所提方法可显著提高并网逆变器电流内环的响应速度。
为了抑制 LCL 滤波器的谐振特性, 提高系统稳定性, 传统的无源阻尼法通过在滤波元件支路中加入电阻来增加系统阻尼, 并且根据阻尼电阻加入位置的不同,主要有 6 种方案[12],其中滤波电容并联电阻的阻尼方式效果最好。该方案的阻尼效果随着电阻值的减小而变好, 在低频段时感抗远小于电阻值, 而在高频段时电容的容抗也远小于电阻值,对除了谐振点以外频段的影响均较小。 但在工程应用中,很少使用这种方法,因为其最大的缺点是并联电阻具有较大损耗[13]。为了有效克服无源阻尼损耗较大这一缺点, 通常选择电容支路并联电阻进行等效设计,图1为无源电阻并联电容法电路。
该方案输出电流与输入电压的传递函数为
$\frac{{i}_{\mathrm{g}}\left( s\right)}{{u}_{\mathrm{s}}\left( s\right)} =\frac{1}{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}{s}^{3}+ \frac{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}{s}^{2}+ \left({L +{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}\right) s}$
根据传递函数可以得到系统的伯德图, 如图2所示, 可以看出: 当加入并联电阻之后, 系统的谐振峰值得到了明显改善, 且未影响系统的高频和低频特性, 但同样面临着较大的电阻损耗。为了从根本上解决并联电阻带来的损耗问题, 虚拟电阻并联电容的等效控制策略应运而生。
2005 年, Malinowski M 等 [14] 给出了 LCL 滤波器电容串联电阻虚拟电阻的算法, 但由于微分器的引入对系统产生了较大的噪声。针对此问题,伍小杰等[8] 设计了 1 种基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法, 克服了传统电容串联电阻法需要引入微分环节的缺点, 通过 1 个比例环节将电容电流引入到电压给定。但与无源阻尼法的特征方程对比,该方案的系统特征方程中出现了主导极点右移的问题, 影响了电流响应的调节时间。
通过在电容支路并联电阻来构成电流环的控制, 如图3(a)所示;文献[8]提出的基于电流环虚拟电阻并联电容法原理,如图3(b)所示;而基于该阻尼方法的控制结构,如图4所示。
针对基于单相电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法存在的问题, 本文设计了 1 种基于电容电压与电容电流反馈的虚拟电阻有源阻尼法。通过在基于电流环虚拟电阻并联电容法的基础上增加 1 条电容电压的反馈支路, 为传递函数的特征方程中引入一次项系数$1/{R}_{\mathrm{d}}$,使得主导极点得以左移,从而减小电流环相应的调节时间,具体等效过程如图5所示。
在不改变电阻并联电容无源阻尼法控制结构图的前提下, 利用相邻综合点间位置交换、综合点与引出点间位置交换等结构图变换方法对反馈系数为$1/{R}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的反馈回路进行综合点前移操作,实现了电容并联电阻无源阻尼法理论推导的严格等效, 其具体实现方法如图6所示。
基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法控制方案所得到的系统传递函数为
$\frac{{i}_{\mathrm{g}}\left( s\right)}{{i}^{* }\left( s\right)} =\frac{{K}_{\mathrm{p}}}{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}{s}^{3}+ \left({{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}+ \frac{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right){s}^{2}+ \left({L +{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}\right) s +{K}_{\mathrm{p}}}$
此时系统的特征多项式为
$ L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}{s}^{3}+ \left({{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}+ \frac{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right){s}^{2}+ \left({L +{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}\right) s +{K}_{\mathrm{p}}= 0 $
式中,${K}_{\mathrm{p}}$$\mathrm{{PI}}$ 控制环调节器参数。
本文所提基于反馈电容电压电流的虚拟电阻有源阻尼法所得到的系统传递函数为
${G}_{\text{with }}\left( s\right)= \\\frac{{K}_{\mathrm{p}}}{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}{s}^{3}+ \left({{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}+ \frac{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right){s}^{2}+ \left({L +{L}_{\mathrm{g}}+ \frac{{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right) s +{K}_{\mathrm{p}}}$
此时系统的特征多项式为
$ L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}{s}^{3}+ \left({{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}{C}_{\mathrm{f}}+ \frac{L{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right){s}^{2}+ \left({L +{L}_{\mathrm{g}}+ \frac{{K}_{\mathrm{p}}{L}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right) s +\\{K}_{\mathrm{p}}= 0 $
式中:$L$ 为并网逆变器出口侧电感;${L}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 为网侧电感;${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为对应滤波电容。
由式 (2) 和式 (3)、式 (4) 和式 (5) 可以看出, 2 组传递函数的特征方程仅有一次项系数有所差别, 而利用三次方程的求根公式,对于方程
$ a{x}^{3}+ b{x}^{2}+ {cx}+ d = 0 $
其根存在关系
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x}_{1}{x}_{2}{x}_{3}= -\frac{d}{a}\\{x}_{1}{x}_{2}+ {x}_{1}{x}_{3}+ {x}_{2}{x}_{3}= \frac{c}{a}\\{x}_{1}+ {x}_{2}+ {x}_{3}= -\frac{b}{a}\end{array}\right.$
由于系统是稳定的,因此所有根的实部均$< 0$, 所有系数均为正; 且当$c$ 增大时,交叉相乘项的和变大, 而根的和不变, 等效为根的分布更加靠近几何中心点。反映在主导极点上的变化即更加远离虚轴, 这一点可以通过传递函数绘制如图7所示的零极点分布得知。由图7(b)可以清楚地看到, 采用本文所提控制策略的系统主导极点比基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法的主导极点更加远离虚轴;其自然振荡频率更高、阻尼比更大、稳定性更好,从而可以使系统的动态响应更快、超调量更小。
利用 MATLAB/Simulink 搭建仿真模型,其中由于仿真中并网逆变器出口侧滤波电感$L\left({L ={1.2}\mathrm{{mH}}}\right)$ 较大,对电网阻抗具有一定适应性。因而,在建模与仿真中近似地认为电网等效阻抗为 0。具体控制参数如表1所示。
分别进行无源阻尼法、基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法与基于电容电压与电容电流反馈的有源阻尼法 3 种并网系统控制策略的仿真, 对仿真结果进行对比分析, 如图8所示。可以看出: 本文所提控制策略与直接添加无源阻尼所得到的控制效果相同, 完全实现了无源电阻并联电容的控制效果; 相比于基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法, 由于在传递函数的特征方程中引入了一次项系数$1/{R}_{\mathrm{d}}$, 使得主导极点得以左移;在系统稳定的前提下,当${R}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 较小时,一次项系数$1/{R}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 较大,增加了系统响应速度, 从而使基于电容电压与电流反馈的有源阻尼法具有更好的暂态特性, 可以在更短的时间内达到稳态。同时,本文所提控制策略无需引入微分环节, 反馈支路系数均为常数, 可以通过计算得到, 参数设计较方便;未在基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法基础上增加传感器, 而且具有更好的动态性能, 因而在动态性能要求较高的场合, 本文所提控制策略具有广阔的应用前景。
为进一步论证所提控制策略的有效性, 利用半实物平台进行实验验证,采用 OP4500 和 dSPACE1006 进行联合实验,实验平台如图9所示。
将 OP4500 的 DB37 端子经分线台与 dSPACE 1006 的板卡接口相连接, 将 OP4500 的 FPGA 部分以步长${2.65}\times {10}^{-7}$ 仿真主电路,并通过$\mathrm{{AO}}$ (analog output)端口输出电容电压、电容电流及逆变器输出电流, 通过 DI(digital input)端口采集 PWM 信号; dSPACE 模拟实际逆变器控制器,以频率为${5000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 进行采样和发波, 通过 DS2004 模块采集电容电压、 电容电流及逆变器输出电流, 通过 DS5101 模块输出 PWM 信号。其中, 实验参数设定与表1参数基本相同,但由于数字控制的延时作用,需要改变调节器控制参数${K}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{、}{K}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 与并联虚拟电阻${R}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的值,最终选取${K}_{\mathrm{p}}=$ 4.3、${K}_{\mathrm{i}}= {10}$${R}_{\mathrm{d}}= {25}$ 进行物理实验,结果如图10所示。
对比 3 种情况下的实验结果不难看出, 基于电容电压与电流反馈的有源阻尼法比基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法具有更快的动态响应速度。为了更直观地比较两者的动态性能,当给定$d$ 轴电流闭环指令${I}_{d}^{* }$ 相同时,计算 2 种控制策略下的超调量与调节时间, 可得本文所提基于电容电压与电流反馈有源阻尼法的超调电流为${57.64}\mathrm{\;A}$,超调量为${5.26}\%$, 调节时间为${21.80}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$,而采用基于电流环虚拟电阻并联电容法对应的系统超调电流为${59.51}\mathrm{\;A}$,超调量为${8.67}\%$,调节时间为${31.40}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$。可见,采用本文提出的控制策略, 系统具有更小的超调量与更短的调节时间,具体的实验结果对比如表2所示。
同时, 对比无源阻尼法实验结果可以看出: 采用无源阻尼法的超调量与基于电容电压与电流反馈有源阻尼法的超调量相同,同为 5.26%;而无源阻尼法的调节时间为${18.70}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$,相比于本文所提控制策略快了${3.1}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$。产生这一差异的主要原因在于, 建模和分析时忽略了数字控制的延时, 但是所提策略更加接近无源阻尼方法, 从而有力地证明了采用基于电容电压与电流反馈的有源阻尼法可以实现电容并联电阻无源阻尼法的等效。
本文提出了 1 种并网逆变器全等效并联电阻有源阻尼控制方法, 相比于传统的虚拟电阻并联电容法,所提方法在其基础上增加了 1 条系数为$1/{R}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的电容电压反馈回路, 实现了并联电阻的完全虚拟, 较好地改善了系统的动态性能, 提高了响应速度。此外, 所提方法复用了用于锁相环的电容电压信号, 相对于传统的基于电流环的虚拟电阻并联电容法, 不会增加额外的成本。最后, 通过 MATLAB/ Simulink 仿真与 OP4500 和 dSPACE1006 联合实验, 验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177175)
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2024年第22卷第5期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.143
  • 接收时间:2021-05-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-22
  • 修回日期:2021-11-11
  • 录用日期:2021-11-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177175)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177175)
作者信息
    合肥工业大学 电气与自动化工程学院 合肥 230009
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