Article(id=1153375941863657888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1635955200000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-04, revisedDate=1647792000000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-21, acceptedDate=1649606400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-11, onlineDate=1752915853228, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1732896000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752915853228, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752915853228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752915853228, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153375932170621317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752915850917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780959263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153375942736073123, articleId=1153375941863657888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Optimized Modulation Strategy for Current Ripple and EMI of Three-level NPC Converter, columnId=1152281492488549232, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-AC Inverters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the problem that the converter current ripple and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise will increase due to the increasing switching frequency of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter, a variable switching frequency modulation strategy based on current ripple prediction is proposed to reduce the current ripple, harmonic noise and EMI noise of the three-level NPC converter. According to the requirements of current ripple, the switching cycle and sampling cycle are calculated to synthesize the latest switching cycle and form feedback, so as to realize variable frequency modulation. The random cycle is distributed around the expected cycle, so that the harmonic noise and electromagnetic noise of the converter are more evenly distributed in a wide frequency band. As a result, the electromagnetic noise of the converter is reduced, and the output inductance current ripple is improved. The relevant simulation and experimental results verified that compared with those under the traditional modulation strategy, the common mode noise was reduced by about 20 dB/µV under the proposed modulation strategy, the differential mode noise was reduced by about 10 dB/µV, and the amplitude of output inductance current ripple was also reduced accordingly.

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针对三电平中点钳位型 NPC(neutral point clamped)变换器开关频率提高导致变换器电流纹波与电磁干扰噪声增大的问题,提出1种基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率调制策略,以降低三电平 NPC 变换器电流纹波、谐波噪声及电磁干扰噪声。根据电流纹波的要求计算出开关周期与采样周期并合成最新的开关周期,形成反馈,从而实现变频调制。使随机周期分布在期望周期的周围,从而使变换器的谐波噪声和电磁噪声更加均匀地分布在较宽的频段上,以达到减少变换器电磁噪声的目的,并改善输出电感上的电流纹波。相关仿真及实验结果表明,相较于传统的调制策略,所提调制策略共模噪声降低了约20 dB/µV,差模噪声降低了约10 dB/µV,其输出电感电流纹波幅值也有相应的减少。

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马保慧(1980-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量、变频调速及数字控制器。E-mail : mabh8066@163.com。

李宁(1983-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子化的电力系统及其控制。E-mail: lining83@xaut.edu.cn。

田博文(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:变换器、电磁干扰及谐波优化。E-mail:390855802@qq.com。

张岩(1983-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子装置及其控制。E-mail: zhangyanjtu@xjtu.edu.cn。

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马保慧(1980-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量、变频调速及数字控制器。E-mail : mabh8066@163.com。

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马保慧(1980-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量、变频调速及数字控制器。E-mail : mabh8066@163.com。

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李宁(1983-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子化的电力系统及其控制。E-mail: lining83@xaut.edu.cn。

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李宁(1983-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子化的电力系统及其控制。E-mail: lining83@xaut.edu.cn。

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田博文(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:变换器、电磁干扰及谐波优化。E-mail:390855802@qq.com。

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田博文(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:变换器、电磁干扰及谐波优化。E-mail:390855802@qq.com。

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张岩(1983-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子装置及其控制。E-mail: zhangyanjtu@xjtu.edu.cn。

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张岩(1983-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子装置及其控制。E-mail: zhangyanjtu@xjtu.edu.cn。

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018. 33(12): 10292-10307., articleTitle=A review of spread-spectrum-based PWM techniques-A novel fast digital implementation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154032490978206502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, awardId=52177193, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177193), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032491036926761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, awardId=52177193, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177193), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032491099841325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, awardId=[2018]5046, language=EN, fundingSource=International Clean Energy Top Talent Training Project of China Scholarship Council([2018]5046), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032491183727408, 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label=图2, caption=1个开关周期内电流纹波的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=Z/gbt6Qj8JjdH+1HMvQdHQ==, figureFileBig=8zM5xstngvV/rqGeyZRvQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489162072814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Equivalent circuit of vector 000, figureFileSmall=lhd2wzrH1dzwYxR3DRfmUQ==, figureFileBig=1sXEzIQg90Hsp9lmpyyXVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489241764593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图3, caption=向量 000 的等效电路, figureFileSmall=lhd2wzrH1dzwYxR3DRfmUQ==, figureFileBig=1sXEzIQg90Hsp9lmpyyXVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489304679155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Block diagram of periodic feedback control for controlling current ripple peak, figureFileSmall=wb8qx0GOOVxA1U5lzXtajg==, figureFileBig=tHgUgmL442TB/CPvQd1WiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489375982325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图4, caption=控制电流纹波峰值的周期反馈控制框图, figureFileSmall=wb8qx0GOOVxA1U5lzXtajg==, figureFileBig=tHgUgmL442TB/CPvQd1WiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489430508278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Waveform of output line voltage ${\mathbf{U}}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$, figureFileSmall=T8Yp+3SW+AfuaN91AuFfHQ==, figureFileBig=ssmnnBubyQeCEltktLUdnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489485034233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图5, caption=输出线电压 ${U}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 波形, figureFileSmall=T8Yp+3SW+AfuaN91AuFfHQ==, figureFileBig=ssmnnBubyQeCEltktLUdnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489552143100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Harmonic analysis of output line voltage ${\mathbf{U}}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$, figureFileSmall=NWlNci3vtp4V1q+zQjypSA==, figureFileBig=zWacboz/vU7xTCaqGsL5lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489623446270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图6, caption=输出线电压 ${U}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 的谐波分析, figureFileSmall=NWlNci3vtp4V1q+zQjypSA==, figureFileBig=zWacboz/vU7xTCaqGsL5lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489778635521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Three-phase inductance current, figureFileSmall=voMQ+dBDd49rORIgirkaCw==, figureFileBig=qvMZdhARdmgizRVxyesGfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489854132996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图7, caption=三相电感电流, figureFileSmall=voMQ+dBDd49rORIgirkaCw==, figureFileBig=qvMZdhARdmgizRVxyesGfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489921241863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Simulation analysis of CM and DM interferences, figureFileSmall=pLTa1+jyYcpt9QK44ve37A==, figureFileBig=ODAYqcM4kvTx8akyW5VW9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032489996739338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图8, caption=共模和差模干扰的仿真分析, figureFileSmall=pLTa1+jyYcpt9QK44ve37A==, figureFileBig=ODAYqcM4kvTx8akyW5VW9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490059653899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Simulation analysis of peak value curves of $\mathbf{{CM}}$ and $\mathbf{{DM}}$ interferences, figureFileSmall=lL7qgqcjrziQcYSUP1gGxg==, figureFileBig=MyLII5e8LvHi5WzyyWMduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490143539981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图9, caption=共模和差模干扰峰值曲线的仿真分析, figureFileSmall=lL7qgqcjrziQcYSUP1gGxg==, figureFileBig=MyLII5e8LvHi5WzyyWMduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490202260239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Experimental platform of three-level NPC converter, figureFileSmall=XG+OUxw1hyJRop6Nub0ppA==, figureFileBig=6I1TSF3hQMS2HGzATEpPVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490265174801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图10, caption=三电平 $\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 变换器实验平台, figureFileSmall=XG+OUxw1hyJRop6Nub0ppA==, figureFileBig=6I1TSF3hQMS2HGzATEpPVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490319700755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Experimental waveforms of three-phase inductance current, figureFileSmall=yRU50Kr78anGTj72FDYyzQ==, figureFileBig=uPzPA2D73xsKwAojg8/jOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490479084310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图11, caption=三相电感电流的实验波形, figureFileSmall=yRU50Kr78anGTj72FDYyzQ==, figureFileBig=uPzPA2D73xsKwAojg8/jOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490558776089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Experimental waveforms of CM and DM interferences based on current ripple prediction under SVPWM modulation strategy, figureFileSmall=H0fBBDKtnPUHTToBM09org==, figureFileBig=5DEe6z1VSjRs48j92dj7Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490634273566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=图12, caption=基于电流纹波预测SVPWM调制策略的共模和差模干扰的实验波形, figureFileSmall=H0fBBDKtnPUHTToBM09org==, figureFileBig=5DEe6z1VSjRs48j92dj7Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032490697188128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Current ripple slopes corresponding to vector states, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量状态 纹波电流斜率 矢量状态 纹波电流斜率
NNN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$ OOP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NNO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ OPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
NNP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ OPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ OPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
NOO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$ PNN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 2}\right)$
NOP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PNO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ PNP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
NPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 2}\right)$ POO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$
ONN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ POP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
ONO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
ONP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$ PPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
OON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
OOO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032490760102689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375941863657888, language=CN, label=表1, caption=矢量状态对应的电流纹波斜率, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量状态 纹波电流斜率 矢量状态 纹波电流斜率
NNN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$ OOP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NNO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ OPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
NNP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ OPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ OPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
NOO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$ PNN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 2}\right)$
NOP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PNO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ PNP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
NPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
NPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 2}\right)$ POO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$
ONN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }- 1}\right)$ POP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
ONO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PPN $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ 1}\right)$
ONP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$ PPO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$
OON $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }+ \frac{1}{2}}\right)$ PPP $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
OOO $\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
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三电平 NPC 变换器电流纹波与EMI优化调制策略
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马保慧 1 , 李宁 1, 2 , 田博文 2 , 张岩 3
电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024,22(6): 60-68
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电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024, 22(6): 60-68
三电平 NPC 变换器电流纹波与EMI优化调制策略
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马保慧1 , 李宁1, 2 , 田博文2 , 张岩3
作者信息
  • 1 天水电气传动研究所集团有限公司 大型电气传动系统与装备技术国家重点实验室 天水 741000
  • 2 西安理工大学 电气工程学院 西安 710048
  • 3 西安交通大学 电气工程学院 西安 710049
  • 马保慧(1980-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量、变频调速及数字控制器。E-mail : mabh8066@163.com。

    李宁(1983-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子化的电力系统及其控制。E-mail: lining83@xaut.edu.cn。

    田博文(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:变换器、电磁干扰及谐波优化。E-mail:390855802@qq.com。

    张岩(1983-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子装置及其控制。E-mail: zhangyanjtu@xjtu.edu.cn。

Optimized Modulation Strategy for Current Ripple and EMI of Three-level NPC Converter
Baohui MA1 , Ning LI1, 2 , Bowen TIAN2 , Yan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Large Electric Drive System and Equipment Technology, Tianshui Electric Transmission Research Institute Group Co., Ltd Tianshui 741000 China
  • 2 School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 China
  • 3 School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
出版时间: 2024-11-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60
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针对三电平中点钳位型 NPC(neutral point clamped)变换器开关频率提高导致变换器电流纹波与电磁干扰噪声增大的问题,提出1种基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率调制策略,以降低三电平 NPC 变换器电流纹波、谐波噪声及电磁干扰噪声。根据电流纹波的要求计算出开关周期与采样周期并合成最新的开关周期,形成反馈,从而实现变频调制。使随机周期分布在期望周期的周围,从而使变换器的谐波噪声和电磁噪声更加均匀地分布在较宽的频段上,以达到减少变换器电磁噪声的目的,并改善输出电感上的电流纹波。相关仿真及实验结果表明,相较于传统的调制策略,所提调制策略共模噪声降低了约20 dB/µV,差模噪声降低了约10 dB/µV,其输出电感电流纹波幅值也有相应的减少。

三电平中点钳位型变换器  /  电流纹波预测  /  电磁干扰  /  谐波  /  随机SVPWM策略

Aimed at the problem that the converter current ripple and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise will increase due to the increasing switching frequency of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter, a variable switching frequency modulation strategy based on current ripple prediction is proposed to reduce the current ripple, harmonic noise and EMI noise of the three-level NPC converter. According to the requirements of current ripple, the switching cycle and sampling cycle are calculated to synthesize the latest switching cycle and form feedback, so as to realize variable frequency modulation. The random cycle is distributed around the expected cycle, so that the harmonic noise and electromagnetic noise of the converter are more evenly distributed in a wide frequency band. As a result, the electromagnetic noise of the converter is reduced, and the output inductance current ripple is improved. The relevant simulation and experimental results verified that compared with those under the traditional modulation strategy, the common mode noise was reduced by about 20 dB/µV under the proposed modulation strategy, the differential mode noise was reduced by about 10 dB/µV, and the amplitude of output inductance current ripple was also reduced accordingly.

Three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter  /  current ripple prediction  /  electromagnetic interference (EMI)  /  harmonic  /  random SVPWM strategy
马保慧, 李宁, 田博文, 张岩. 三电平 NPC 变换器电流纹波与EMI优化调制策略. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (6) : 60 -68 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60
Baohui MA, Ning LI, Bowen TIAN, Yan ZHANG. Optimized Modulation Strategy for Current Ripple and EMI of Three-level NPC Converter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (6) : 60 -68 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60
随着以光伏发电为代表的新能源发电系统越来越广泛的应用, 并网变换器对输出电感电流纹波及电磁噪声的要求也越来越高。三电平变换器作为使用最为广泛的电力电子变换器之一[1-2],具有输出功率大、输出谐波小等优点, 广泛应用于并网变换器和可再生能源变换器等场合[3-4]
三电平变换器通常使用固定开关频率的空间矢量脉宽调制 SVPWM(space vector pulse width modulation) 方法[5]。然而传统固定开关频率的 SVPWM 调制策略会使输出电流纹波变大, 并且会使开关频率附近及倍频处存在大量谐波分量, 影响电力电子装置的运行效率及设备使用寿命[6]。开关频率越高,开关噪声和开关损耗越大, 变换器的功率越大, 其电磁辐射和噪声也就越严重。电磁噪声过高则会影响设备器件的正常运行,甚至导致电机发生机械共振[7]。 输出电流纹波波动过大会造成输出电能质量下降, 严重的情况还可能导致设备的崩溃和损失[8]。
近些年来, 随着电磁干扰 EMI(electromagnetic interference)降噪要求的不断提高, 人们对此进行了大量研究。其中一种途径就是通过调制方式来减少电磁干扰噪声, 在不使用额外滤波器的情况下, EMI 也可以直接在噪声源中衰减[9]。对于$\mathrm{{kHz}}$$\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 之间的$\mathrm{{EMI}}$ 频谱,噪声源主要取决于脉冲序列, 在这一范围内 EMI 噪声的形成主要通过变换器拓扑和调制方式来实现[10]。对于三电平变换器, 其调制自由度比常规两电平变换器复杂, 值得深入分析, 是本文的主要研究内容之一。
为了从噪声源减少电磁干扰, 文献[11]提出基于两电平变换器的电流纹波预测模型, 控制开关频率以满足电流纹波峰值的要求。与常规恒定开关频率脉宽调制 PWM(pulse width modulation)相比, 随机 PWM 可以降低开关损耗和 EMI 噪声峰值, 并保持相同的电流纹波峰值。然而, 对于三电平变换器的电压 SVPWM 技术一直未得到实现。文献[12] 提出随机 PWM 及其实现方法, 并通过实验验证了在$9 \sim {150}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 频段电磁干扰抑制效果明显,但未对电流纹波进行优化; 文献[13-14]探讨了谐波磁通和使用谐波畸变方法预测纹波电流, 但未分析纹波电流在时域下对系统的整体影响; 文献[15]为三相变换器提出了 1 个可控的变开关频率控制策略, 在每个开关周期内通过占空比、开关周期、输出电感和直流电压等参数预测纹波电流。通过调整开关频率以控制电流纹波满足有效值的需求, 同时可以减小三相变换器的开关损耗和传导 EMI, 但对电流纹波的推导过程未进行详细叙述。
综上所述, 由于三电平变换器的调制自由度较大,使用复杂,因此对其的研究还不够深入。本文在前人通过调制降低电磁干扰的基础上提出一种基于电流纹波预测的三电平变换器随机 SVPWM 策略,详细地阐述了随机 SVPWM 调制原理,并提出基于电流纹波预测的随机 SVPWM 调制策略, 旨在对三电平中点钳位型 NPC(neutral point clamped)变换器的谐波干扰和电磁干扰起到明显的抑制作用。
三电平 NPC 逆变器的拓扑结构如图1所示, 每相均有 3 种电压输出状态,分别用$\mathrm{P}\text{、}\mathrm{O}\text{、}\mathrm{\;N}$ 来表示[16-17]
3 个空间矢量${\mathbf{V}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathbf{V}}_{2}\text{、}{\mathbf{V}}_{3}$ 的作用时间分别为${T}_{1}\text{、}{T}_{2}\text{、}{T}_{3}$,采样周期为${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$,由伏秒平衡原则可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{T}_{1}\cdot {\mathbf{V}}_{11}+ {T}_{2}\cdot {\mathbf{V}}_{2}+ {T}_{3}\cdot {\mathbf{V}}_{3}= {T}_{\mathrm{s}}\cdot {V}_{\text{ref }}\\{T}_{1}+ {T}_{2}+ {T}_{3}= {T}_{\mathrm{s}}\end{array}\right.$
利用式(1)可计算出合成参考电压矢量的 3 个电压空间矢量的作用时间${T}_{1}\text{、}{T}_{2}\text{、}{T}_{3}$ 分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{T}_{1}= {2m}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\sin \left({\frac{\pi }{3}- \theta }\right)\\{T}_{2}= {2m}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\sin \theta \\{T}_{3}= \left\lbrack {1 -{2m}\sin \left({\frac{\pi }{3}+ \theta }\right)}\right\rbrack {T}_{\mathrm{s}}\end{array}\right.$
同理, 当参考电压矢量位于其他小区域时, 其矢量作用时间的计算可参照上述得出。
电压总谐波畸变 THD (total harmonic distortion) 定义为
${U}_{\mathrm{{THD}}}= \frac{\sqrt{{U}_{0}^{2}- {U}_{1}^{2}}}{{U}_{1}}$
式中:${U}_{0}$ 为调制电压有效值;${U}_{1}$ 为调制电压中基波电压有效值。由式 (3)可知, NPC 变换器 THD 不会因为开关频率的变化而减少。
对输出相电压${U}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 进行傅里叶分解,可得
${U}_{\mathrm{A}}= {a}_{0}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{1}^{\infty }\left\lbrack {{a}_{n}\cos \left({n\omega t}\right)+ {b}_{n}\sin \left({n\omega t}\right)}\right\rbrack $
其中
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{a}_{n}= \frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{0}^{2\pi }{U}_{\mathrm{a}}\cos \left({{n\omega t}\mathrm{\;d}{\omega t}}\right)& \left({n = 0,1,2\cdots }\right)\\{b}_{n}= \frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{0}^{2\pi }{U}_{\mathrm{a}}\sin \left({{n\omega t}\mathrm{\;d}{\omega t}}\right)& \left({n = 0,1,2\cdots }\right)\end{array}\right.$
由于${U}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 表达式为偶函数,不包含正弦项,化简式(4)为
${U}_{\mathrm{A}}= \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\cos \left({\omega t}\right)- \frac{3}{4\pi }\cos \left({3\omega t}\right)- \\\frac{3}{40\pi }\cos \left({9\omega t}\right)- \frac{3}{112\pi }\cos \left({15\omega t}\right)\cdots $
如式(6)所示, 固定开关频率的 SVPWM 策略在各倍频处存在固定幅值的谐波噪声, 在高频电磁噪声方面也存在同样的问题。
随机 PWM 通常有随机周期调制和随机脉冲位置调制这 2 种方式。在同样条件下使用随机周期调制技术比使用随机脉冲位置调制技术能更加有效地抑制 EMI 噪声[18],因此本文讨论均基于随机周期调制技术展开。
在开关电源中遵守电磁标准非常重要, 这不是因为总的频谱能量过大, 而是因为在基波开关频率及其倍数的窄带频率中的能量十分集中。应用变开关频率技术可以使频谱从集中在开关频率及其谐波处的一系列大的尖峰变化为更平滑、更连续的频谱。基波和各次谐波被调制信号扫频,将产生无穷多个振幅减小的边带, 因此其降低了不需要的 EMI 数量, 并且满足 EMI 标准。
变开关频率通过随机数生成新的随机周期, 算法原理基于算式
${R}_{n + 1}= \left({\lambda {R}_{n}+ c}\right)\left({\;\operatorname{mod}\;M}\right)$
式中:${R}_{n + 1}$ 为下 1 个随机周期;${R}_{n}$ 为当前随机周期;$M$ 为模数,其决定这 1 组数的最大周期,通常生成的随机数组周期均会比$M$ 小; 系数$\lambda$$c$ 分别为乘子和增量; 递推公式的初始值即该组随机数的随机种子通常使用系统时间。
使用随机周期调制的随机方法, 即通过产生随机的开关周期进行 SVPWM 调制。通过这种控制方法在每个开关周期结束后更新下 1 个开关周期的周期${T}_{\mathrm{x}}$,使得开关频率在 1 个范围内随机变化。在开关频率及其整数倍处的谐波也因为开关频率的随机变化而分散在 1 个较宽的频段上, 从而实现削弱因开关动作产生的传导电磁噪声[19]。然而,关于随机改变开关频率的所谓 “随机 PWM” 的研究高度依赖于统计效应, 不能控制电流纹波和功率损耗, 因此本文介绍三电平变换器电流纹波预测模型的 SVPWM 策略,以减少传导电磁干扰。
根据三相变换器电流纹波的解析表达式可知, 变开关频率的控制方法可以满足不同纹波需求。本文使用反馈控制来调理纹波电流峰值在一特定值范围内,从而可以降低等效开关频率和电磁干扰噪声。
对于三电平$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 逆变器$\mathrm{{SVPWM}}$ 调制过程, 三相的占空比分别为${d}_{\mathrm{a}}\text{、}{d}_{\mathrm{b}}$${d}_{\mathrm{c}}$,且三相占空比的值均在$0 \sim 1$。为了方便分析,定义准占空比${d}_{x}^{\prime }= 2{d}_{x}- 1$ $\left({x =\mathrm{a},\mathrm{b},\mathrm{c}}\right)$,则${d}_{x}^{\prime }$ 的定义域为$- 1 \sim 1$。参考直流侧电压的中点, 每相的平均输出电压可表示为准占空比和$1/2$ 直流侧电压的乘积。逆变器输出的基波电压代表着交流侧静态基波电压, 可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{\mathrm{b}}= {d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{2}\\{V}_{\mathrm{c}}= {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{2}\\{V}_{\mathrm{a}}= {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{2}\end{array}\right.$
由于七段式 SVPWM 具有输出谐波小、输出纹波小的特点, 故以 1 个典型的七段式开关周期为例,假定三相的占空比${d}_{\mathrm{a}}> {d}_{\mathrm{b}}> {d}_{\mathrm{c}}$,并且忽略开关损耗。在七段式的每个区域内, 均会有 1 组特定的三相电压组合加在输出电感上, 并且在这个区域内电感的电流将线性增长或降低。纹波电流在 1 个开关周期内的 7 个区域中会有不同变化, 如图2所示。 其中,$x$$y$ 为纹波电流的转折点值。
在三电平 NPC 逆变器中有 27 种电压向量, 每种电压向量均有特定的开关组合和等效电路。选取 A 相作为参考相进行分析, 根据每个开关等效电路均有对应的戴维南等效电路(Thevenin’s equivalent circuit), 因此 A 相输出电感上的电压降可以通过每个电压向量的推导获得。以图2所示的开关周期为例,设 7 段中的第 1 段为向量${V}_{0}\left({000}\right)$,该状态的等效电路模型如图3所示。
根据$\mathrm{B}$ 相和$\mathrm{C}$ 相并联分支的戴维南等效电路可以推导出$\mathrm{A}$ 相输出电感上的电流斜率,其表达式为
$\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{2}{3L}\left({\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{b}}+ {V}_{\mathrm{c}}}{2}- {V}_{\mathrm{a}}}\right)$
结合式(8)推导出的相电压平均值, 可以进一步推导出
$\frac{\mathrm{d}{i}_{\mathrm{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}}{3L}\left({\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\prime }+ {d}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\prime }}{2}- {d}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\prime }}\right)$
根据相同的原理,通过得到当前矢量及其戴维南等效电路则可以推导出相应状态$\mathrm{A}$ 相电感上的电流纹波斜率,$\mathrm{B}$ 相和$\mathrm{C}$ 相的电流纹波也可以通过类似分析得出。三电平 NPC 变换器各矢量状态对应的纹波电流斜率如表1所示。
图2可知, 在 SVPWM 整个开关周期内电流纹波有 7 段线性部分, 而且电流纹波在 2 个半区内是反对称的。假设第 1 段和第 2 段纹波电流的斜率分别为${k}_{1}$${k}_{2}$,那么推导出纹波电流的峰值为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} x ={k}_{1}\cdot \frac{{t}_{0}}{4}\\ y ={k}_{1}\cdot \frac{{t}_{0}}{4}+ {k}_{2}\cdot \frac{{t}_{1}}{2}\end{array}\right.$
根据本节分析可知, 可以通过三相的占空比来预测输出电感的纹波电流。在 SVPWM 调制过程中, 当计算出占空比后, 在每个额定的开关周期内可以结合电流纹波有效值和峰值对电流纹波进行预测, 并根据纹波电流的需要, 线性地校正开关频率。在每个开关周期内, 电流纹波与开关周期成比例, 校正的电流纹波值表达式为
${I}_{\text{ripple_update }}= {I}_{\text{ripple_predicted }}\times \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{{sN}}}}$
如果需要将纹波电流校正至纹波电流的需求值, 那么预测得到的开关频率为
${T}_{\mathrm{s}}= {T}_{\mathrm{{sN}}}\times \frac{{I}_{\text{ripple_predicted }}}{{I}_{\text{ripple_update }}}$
计算出控制器的三相占空比并将其和额定开关周期发送至电流纹波预测模块, 然后将预测的电流纹波发送至开关周期计算模块。根据电流纹波的要求, 调节计算出开关周期, 计数比较器会产生三角波, 与占空比进行比较并生成三相的门极驱动脉冲。采样周期连同最新的开关周期,即形成了反馈控制。
考虑到应用的输出电流最大偏差, 通常使用最大电流纹波峰值定义电流纹波需求。例如电流纹波的峰值可能影响电机的最大扭矩峰值和噪声幅度。 对于这种类型的应用, 电流纹波需定义在 1 个特定的范围内。由式 (5) 可知,$x$$y$ 的绝对值中一定存在开关周期内电流纹波的峰值。将计算得到的开关周期内电流纹波峰值传入开关周期计算模块, 计算出新的开关周期。这种控制方法的原理是通过开关频率周期控制三相的电流纹波峰值在一定范围内。${T}_{\mathrm{{sN}}}$ 为固定开关频率$\mathrm{{PWM}}$ 的额定开关频率。将预测的三相纹波电流比较后与最大电流纹波送入开关周期计算模块。在这种流程下, 通过更新开关周期使三相纹波电流峰值的最大值为电流纹波的限值。控制电流纹波峰值的周期反馈控制框图, 如图4所示。
根据上文理论分析, 进行仿真与实验验证。仿真参数: 直流侧电压源${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}= {600}\mathrm{\;V}$,电网频率为${50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$, 电网相电压幅值为${311}\mathrm{\;V}$,开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}= {10}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。仿真中选择滤波电感$L ={100\mu }\mathrm{H}$,滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}}= {27\mu }\mathrm{F}$,滤波电阻${R}_{\mathrm{f}}= {10}{\Omega }_{\circ }$ 输出线电压${U}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 的波形如图5所示, 输出线电压${U}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 的谐波分析如图6所示。
比较图6(a)和(b) 2 种输出线电压${U}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 谐波分析结果可以明显发现: 使用随机 SVPWM 后, 开关周期${10}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 及其整数倍的谐波幅值明显降低,尤其是${20}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 处的谐波含量由${8.5}\%$ 降低至${4.0}\%$。但是 2 个结果的 THD 几乎无任何变化, 这也说明随机 SVPWM 并不能降低 THD, 而仅是将原本集中在开关频率及其整数倍频率的能量随机地分布在一定范围的频段内。
图7为传统 SVPWM策略和本文所提基于电流纹波预测的随机 SVPWM策略这 2 种调制方式下三电平$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 变换器三相输出电感电流波形,通过对比可以看出, 使用本文所提调制策略后, 电流纹波的幅值明显降低。
图8为传统 SVPWM策略和本文所提基于电流纹波预测的随机 SVPWM 策略这 2 种调制方式下三电平$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 变换器产生的电磁噪声仿真,通过对比发现, 本文所提调制策略相较于传统调制策略, 无论是共模干扰还是差模干扰均明显降低。
提取图8(a)和(b)中曲线的峰值可以得到 2 种调制策略产生的共模及差模干扰的峰值曲线, 分别如图9(a)和(b)所示。由图9(a)可以看出,相较于传统 SVPWM 调制策略,采用本文所提基于电流纹波预测的随机 SVPWM 策略后,共模干扰降低了约${20}\mathrm{\;{dB}}/\mu \mathrm{V}$; 由图9(b)可以看出,差模干扰降低了约${10}\mathrm{\;{dB}}/\mathrm{{\mu V}}$
图10为三电平$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 变换器的实验平台, 2 种调制方式下三电平 NPC 变换器三相输出电感电流的实验波形分别如图11(a)和(b)所示。可见,相较于传统 SVPWM 调制策略, 基于纹波电流预测的 SVPWM 调制策略对输出电流纹波有较好的抑制作用。
传统 SVPWM 策略和本文所提基于电流纹波预测的随机 SVPWM 策略这 2 种调制方式产生的 EMI 实验波形分别如图12(a)和(b)所示。结合图9(a)和。(b)可以看到, 仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合, 证明本文所提基于纹波电流预测的 SVPWM 调制策略能够有效降低三电平 NPC 变换器的电磁干扰
本文对三电平 NPC 变换器的电磁干扰抑制方法进行了研究, 介绍了基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率 SVPWM 方法。通过分析三电平 NPC 变换器在不同开关矢量状态下的戴维南等效电路, 得出相应状态下的电流纹波变化率, 从而推导出三相变换器电流纹波的解析表达式。根据电流纹波的解析表达式构建了对电流纹波峰值进行控制的闭环系统。 实验结果表明,通过比较采用固定开关频率和基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率策略下的线电压频谱分析发现: 使用基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率的谐波分布明显得到改善; 高频处的电磁噪声明显降低; 由于闭环对电流纹波的控制, 输出电感上电流纹波相较变开关频率系统也有明显改善。
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  • 国家留学基金委国际清洁能源拔尖创新人才培养项目([2018]5046)
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2024年第22卷第6期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60
  • 接收时间:2021-11-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2024-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-04
  • 修回日期:2022-03-21
  • 录用日期:2022-04-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177193)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177193)
International Clean Energy Top Talent Training Project of China Scholarship Council([2018]5046)
国家留学基金委国际清洁能源拔尖创新人才培养项目([2018]5046)
International Clean Energy Top Talent Training Project of China Scholarship Council([2019]157)
国家留学基金委国际清洁能源拔尖创新人才培养项目([2019]157)
Open Fund Project of Jiangsu Distribution Net-work Intelligent Technology and Equipment Collaborative Innovation Center under the grant XTCX202007(XTCX202007)
江苏省配电网智能技术与装备协同创新中心开放基金资助项目(XTCX202007)
作者信息
    1 天水电气传动研究所集团有限公司 大型电气传动系统与装备技术国家重点实验室 天水 741000
    2 西安理工大学 电气工程学院 西安 710048
    3 西安交通大学 电气工程学院 西安 710049
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.60
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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