Article(id=1153375936700474178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.288, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1640534400000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-27, revisedDate=1646841600000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-10, acceptedDate=1652889600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-19, onlineDate=1752915851998, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1732896000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752915851998, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752915851998, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752915851998, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153375932170621317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752915850917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780959263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=288, endPage=294, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153375937111515972, articleId=1153375936700474178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Study on Influence of High-temperature Gate Bias and Electron Irradiation on Threshold Voltage of SiC MOSFET, columnId=1153024086025429058, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Power Semiconductor Devices, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the influence of electron irradiation on the reliability of silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(SiC MOSFET) with different aging degrees of the gate oxide, the electrical characteristics of SiC MOSFET were analyzed by combining high-temperature gate bias and electron irradiation experiments. The influence of electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of SiC MOSFET after the gate oxide was stressed by high temperature and a strong electric field was discussed. To avoid the impact of the packaging material on the threshold voltage under high temperature and electron irradiation, the device under test was exposed to air during the experiment. Experimental results show that the threshold voltage after the high-temperature positive gate bias experiment was more sensitive to electron irradiation. The exponential relationship of the influence of electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of SiC MOSFET after the high-temperature gate bias aging was proposed. The threshold voltage after the high-temperature gate bias at 39 V and 150 °C for 2 h can be restored to the initial value by 0.2 MeV and 300 kGy electron irradiation. A basic numerical model of SiC MOSFET was established in the Sentaurus TCAD simulator. By setting the electron concentration and hole traps in the oxide, the effect of high-temperature gate bias and electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of the device was simulated, and the threshold voltage recovery mechanism was discussed.

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为研究栅氧化物在不同老化程度下电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 可靠性的影响,结合高温栅偏和电子辐照2种实验对SiC MOSFET 电学特性进行分析,讨论栅氧化物受到高溫和强电场应力后电子辐照对SiC MOSFET 阈值电压的影响。为避免封装材料在高溫和电子辐照下对阈值电压产生影响,实验时将被测器件裸露于空气中。实验结果表明,高温正栅偏后器件阈值电压对电子辐照更加敏感,因此提出了电子辐照对SiC MOSFET 高温栅偏老化后阈值电压影响的指数关系,且0.2 MeV 电子能量辐照 300 kGy剂量可将39 V、150℃、2h高温栅偏后的器件阈值电压恢复至初始值。在Sentaurus TCAD 仿真软件中建立SiC MOSFET 基础数值模型,设置氧化物內电子浓度和空穴陷阱,模拟高温栅偏和电子辐照对器件阈值电压的影响,讨论阈值电压恢复机制。

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张子扬(1998-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,博士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件可靠性。E-mail: d202080568@hust.edu.cn。

梁琳(1981-),女,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:电力电子器件及封装、脉冲功率器件及应用、宽禁带功率半导体。E-mail: lianglin@hust.edu.cn。

尚海(1997-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,硕士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件封装。E-mail: 18833213508@163.com。

盛轲焱(1995-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:材料辐照改性。E-mail: colin691735539@live.com。

黄江(1985-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高性能电子加速器技术与特殊材料辐射改性。E-mail: jhuang@hust.edu.cn。

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张子扬(1998-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,博士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件可靠性。E-mail: d202080568@hust.edu.cn。

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张子扬(1998-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,博士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件可靠性。E-mail: d202080568@hust.edu.cn。

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梁琳(1981-),女,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:电力电子器件及封装、脉冲功率器件及应用、宽禁带功率半导体。E-mail: lianglin@hust.edu.cn。

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梁琳(1981-),女,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:电力电子器件及封装、脉冲功率器件及应用、宽禁带功率半导体。E-mail: lianglin@hust.edu.cn。

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2 华中科技大学 电力安全与高效利用教育部工程研究中心 武汉 430074, bio={"content":"

尚海(1997-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,硕士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件封装。E-mail: 18833213508@163.com。

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尚海(1997-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,硕士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件封装。E-mail: 18833213508@163.com。

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盛轲焱(1995-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:材料辐照改性。E-mail: colin691735539@live.com。

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盛轲焱(1995-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:材料辐照改性。E-mail: colin691735539@live.com。

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黄江(1985-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高性能电子加速器技术与特殊材料辐射改性。E-mail: jhuang@hust.edu.cn。

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黄江(1985-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高性能电子加速器技术与特殊材料辐射改性。E-mail: jhuang@hust.edu.cn。

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编号 高温栅偏 0.2 MeV 电子辐照 剂量/kGy
${V}_{\mathrm{g}}/\mathrm{V}$ ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ $t/\mathrm{h}$
1 - - - $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
2 39 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
3 30 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
4 -10 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
), ArticleFig(id=1154032465443279071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375936700474178, language=CN, label=表1, caption=实验方案, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 高温栅偏 0.2 MeV 电子辐照 剂量/kGy
${V}_{\mathrm{g}}/\mathrm{V}$ ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ $t/\mathrm{h}$
1 - - - $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
2 39 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
3 30 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
4 -10 150 2 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}$ 、 50、100、150、300
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高温栅偏和电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 阈值电压影响研究
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张子扬 1, 2 , 梁琳 1, 2 , 尚海 1, 2 , 盛轲焱 1 , 黄江 1
电源学报 | 功率半导体器件 2024,22(6): 288-294
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电源学报 | 功率半导体器件 2024, 22(6): 288-294
高温栅偏和电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 阈值电压影响研究
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张子扬1, 2 , 梁琳1, 2 , 尚海1, 2 , 盛轲焱1 , 黄江1
作者信息
  • 1 华中科技大学 电气与电子工程学院强电磁技术全国重点实验室 武汉 430074
  • 2 华中科技大学 电力安全与高效利用教育部工程研究中心 武汉 430074
  • 张子扬(1998-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,博士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件可靠性。E-mail: d202080568@hust.edu.cn。

    梁琳(1981-),女,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:电力电子器件及封装、脉冲功率器件及应用、宽禁带功率半导体。E-mail: lianglin@hust.edu.cn。

    尚海(1997-),男,中国电源学会学生会员,硕士研究生。研究方向:功率半导体器件封装。E-mail: 18833213508@163.com。

    盛轲焱(1995-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:材料辐照改性。E-mail: colin691735539@live.com。

    黄江(1985-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高性能电子加速器技术与特殊材料辐射改性。E-mail: jhuang@hust.edu.cn。

Study on Influence of High-temperature Gate Bias and Electron Irradiation on Threshold Voltage of SiC MOSFET
Ziyang ZHANG1, 2 , Lin LIANG1, 2 , Hai SHANG1, 2 , Keyan SHENG1 , Jiang HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
  • 2 Engineering Research Center of Power Safety and Efficiency of Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
出版时间: 2024-11-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.288
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为研究栅氧化物在不同老化程度下电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 可靠性的影响,结合高温栅偏和电子辐照2种实验对SiC MOSFET 电学特性进行分析,讨论栅氧化物受到高溫和强电场应力后电子辐照对SiC MOSFET 阈值电压的影响。为避免封装材料在高溫和电子辐照下对阈值电压产生影响,实验时将被测器件裸露于空气中。实验结果表明,高温正栅偏后器件阈值电压对电子辐照更加敏感,因此提出了电子辐照对SiC MOSFET 高温栅偏老化后阈值电压影响的指数关系,且0.2 MeV 电子能量辐照 300 kGy剂量可将39 V、150℃、2h高温栅偏后的器件阈值电压恢复至初始值。在Sentaurus TCAD 仿真软件中建立SiC MOSFET 基础数值模型,设置氧化物內电子浓度和空穴陷阱,模拟高温栅偏和电子辐照对器件阈值电压的影响,讨论阈值电压恢复机制。

SiC MOSFET  /  高温栅偏  /  电子辐照  /  阈值电压

To study the influence of electron irradiation on the reliability of silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(SiC MOSFET) with different aging degrees of the gate oxide, the electrical characteristics of SiC MOSFET were analyzed by combining high-temperature gate bias and electron irradiation experiments. The influence of electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of SiC MOSFET after the gate oxide was stressed by high temperature and a strong electric field was discussed. To avoid the impact of the packaging material on the threshold voltage under high temperature and electron irradiation, the device under test was exposed to air during the experiment. Experimental results show that the threshold voltage after the high-temperature positive gate bias experiment was more sensitive to electron irradiation. The exponential relationship of the influence of electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of SiC MOSFET after the high-temperature gate bias aging was proposed. The threshold voltage after the high-temperature gate bias at 39 V and 150 °C for 2 h can be restored to the initial value by 0.2 MeV and 300 kGy electron irradiation. A basic numerical model of SiC MOSFET was established in the Sentaurus TCAD simulator. By setting the electron concentration and hole traps in the oxide, the effect of high-temperature gate bias and electron irradiation on the threshold voltage of the device was simulated, and the threshold voltage recovery mechanism was discussed.

Silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(SiC MOSFET)  /  high-temperature gate bias  /  electron irradiation  /  threshold voltage
张子扬, 梁琳, 尚海, 盛轲焱, 黄江. 高温栅偏和电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 阈值电压影响研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (6) : 288 -294 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.288
Ziyang ZHANG, Lin LIANG, Hai SHANG, Keyan SHENG, Jiang HUANG. Study on Influence of High-temperature Gate Bias and Electron Irradiation on Threshold Voltage of SiC MOSFET[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (6) : 288 -294 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.288
近年来, 随着宽禁带半导体材料相关技术日益成熟,越来越多的功率器件开始由$\mathrm{{Si}}$ 基转变为宽禁带。作为宽禁带材料的一种,$\mathrm{{SiC}}$ 具有禁带宽度大、击穿电场强度高、饱和电子漂移速度快、热导率高和抗辐照能力强等特性。SiC MOSFET 在高电压、高功率密度、高开关频率和强辐照等应用场合表现出优于 Si MOSFET 的性能。SiC MOSFET 工作在空间辐射环境、核电站、核反应堆、核泄漏和核弹爆炸等极端环境时, 可能受到高能电子、质子、 中子、$\gamma$ 射线或重离子照射,从而导致器件电学特性退化甚至失效,使得卫星和加速器用电源等功率变换装置出现灾难性后果。目前, 大部分学者对 SiC MOSFET 器件在极端工况下的研究主要集中于短路、雪崩和浪涌等工况下的瞬时失效,对器件抗辐照特性研究不充分。现有文献中, 芯片失效原因主要为自热效应引起的内部结温过高, 这无法作为辐照工况下的失效机制[1-3]。因此,针对电子辐照环境下 SiC MOSFET 可靠性问题的研究具有一定的现实意义和学术价值。
文献[4-6]对 2 种电子能量和剂量下 SiC MOSFET 辐照前、后的电学特性进行了分析, 发现阈值电压和导通电阻对电子辐照最为敏感;文献[7]建立了 SiC MOSFET 简化沟道的 SPICE 模型, 但阈值电压计算模型较为复杂, 认为载流子迁移率和阈值电压独立于栅极电压, 模型存在较大误差。前述文献在特定电子能量和剂量下对 SiC MOSFET 的电学特性进行测试, 获得了器件特性的变化情况, 但进行辐照实验的被测器件均处于初始健康状态, 无法代表SiC MOSFET 经过高温栅偏老化后的特性变化特征。在勘探和卫星等应用场景下, 电源或电驱装置内的 SiC MOSFET 会同时受到电热应力和辐照应力, 因此考虑栅氧化物不同老化程度下电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 电学特性的影响非常重要。
本文首先对${1200}\mathrm{\;V}{42}\mathrm{\;A}{80}\mathrm{\;m}\Omega$ SiC MOSFET 进行高温栅偏老化实验, 接着对器件进行电子辐照实验, 研究两者对器件阈值电压的影响, 并通过 Sentaurus TCAD 仿真软件讨论器件阈值电压的恢复机制。
本次主要研究 SiC MOSFET 芯片的可靠性, 为避免环氧树脂或硅凝胶等封装材料在高温下老化对芯片产生的影响及电子辐照下对电子束产生的遮蔽作用,实验室将 SiC MOSFET 裸芯片焊接于覆铜陶瓷板 DBC(direct bonding copper)上, 通过铝键合线将芯片各电极引出至 4 个端子,分别为栅极$\mathrm{G}$ 、 漏极 D、源极 S 和开尔文源极 KS,不添加其他灌封材料, 封装后的样品如图1所示。
目前尚无针对 SiC MOSFET 可靠性测试的标准, Rohm 厂商在对器件进行栅氧化物可靠性检测时采用标准 JEITA ED-4701/100A-101A[8]。从标准可知, 高温栅偏对 SiC MOSFET 栅氧化物有较大影响, 高电场和高温应力会进行加速栅氧化物老化, 本次采用高温栅偏来对栅氧化物加速老化。测试时漏极和源极短接, 将温箱温度升高至设定值, 之后对栅极施加偏置。由于高温栅偏实验造成的器件退化存在一定的可恢复性, 因此在冷却期间, 短接器件栅极和源极, 以避免可恢复退化对实验结果的影响, 冷却时间设定为阈值电压不再变化为止[5-6]。根据 WolfSpeed 测试结果[7-9] 可知,在高温栅偏实验中, 栅极电压越大, 器件寿命越低。 为将栅氧化物老化至不同程度、不发生击穿并减少老化时间,本次老化实验采用高电场应力方法[4],高电场应力下栅氧化物老化机制同样适用于低电场应力情况[5,9]
采用 EBLab-200 ebeam Technologies 电子束辐照装置对 SiC MOSFET 裸芯片进行电子辐照实验,电子能量为${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$,辐照剂量逐次递增, 最大辐照剂量的选取参照文献[10-12],${10}^{5}\sim {10}^{6}\mathrm{{rad}}$ 可以覆盖大部分空间应用场景。对文献[13-15]分析可知, 电子辐照主要对 SiC MOSFET 栅氧化物的影响较大,而${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$ 能量的电子在$\mathrm{{SiC}}$ 材料中入射深度可达${62.5\mu }\mathrm{m}$,说明电子束可以穿透栅氧化物并对其造成影响, 电子辐照实验示意如图2所示。
为更好地理解$\mathrm{{SiCMOSFET}}$${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$ 电子辐照下, 栅氧化物不同老化程度对抗电子辐照性能的影响, 设置了如表1所示的实验方案, 其中${V}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 为栅极电压,${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为环境温度,$t$ 为实验时间。 首先对健康器件(如 1 号器件)进行辐照。为加速栅氧化物老化并保证其不被击穿, 在高温栅偏实验时,施加的栅压分别为${39}\text{、}{30}\text{、}- {10}\mathrm{\;V}$。然后对 2 号和 3 号器件先进行高温正栅偏实验再进行电子辐照实验, 对 4 号器件先进行高温负栅偏实验再进行电子辐照实验。4 只器件的辐照剂量均相同。
测量阈值电压时, 将器件漏极与源极短接, 测得漏极电流为${3.9}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$ 时的栅源电压${V}_{\mathrm{{gs}}}$ 即为阈值电压[16], 4 只器件初始状态下的阈值电压平均值为 3.36 V。
${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$ 电子辐照采用不同剂量时,4只器件的阈值电压测量结果如图3(a)所示, 可知: 在辐照剂量为$0\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 时的$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{th}}}$ 仅为高温栅偏实验引起的阈值电压变化量; 4 只器件的阈值电压均随电子辐照剂量的增加而减小, 而后基本饱和; 2 号和 3 号器件的测量结果表明电子辐照可以将高温正栅偏引入的阈值电压正漂移量抵消; 对于 2 号器件而言, 在${300}\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 剂量辐照下,器件的阈值电压基本已恢复至初始值;对于 3 号器件而言, 其辐照剂量在小于$4\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 的某一剂量下可抵消高温栅偏带来的阈值电压正漂移;对 4 号器件而言, 电子辐照会使高温负栅偏后的阈值电压再次降低。
为得到 3 号器件完全抵消高温正栅偏影响的辐照剂量,选取小于${20}\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 剂量的 5 个测量结果进行拟合,如图3(c)所示,图中星号(★)为验证数据。拟合公式为
$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{th}}}= a\exp \left({-\frac{\Phi }{b}}\right)+ c $
式中:$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{th}}}$ 为电子辐照对高温栅偏实验后器件引起的阈值电压变化量;$a\text{、}b\text{、}c$ 均为常数,由器件本身测试数据决定;$\Phi$ 为电子辐照剂量。
4 只被测器件所得实验数据点基本位于拟合曲线上, 验证数据点也位于拟合曲线上, 验证了拟合公式选取较准确。因此在电子辐照剂量小于${20}\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 下, 器件阈值电压变化量与电子辐照剂量呈指数关系。 3 号器件测试数据拟合参数为${a}_{0}= {1.355}$${b}_{0}= {2.509}\text{、}{c}_{0}= -{0.935}$。将阈值电压变化量$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{th}}}= 0$ 代入阈值电压变化量拟合公式(1), 得电子辐照剂量为${0.9309}\mathrm{\;{kGy}}$,即可通过${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}{0.9309}\mathrm{\;{kGy}}$ 的电子辐照将${30}\mathrm{\;V}$${150}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$2\mathrm{\;h}$ 高温栅偏后的老化器件阈值电压恢复至初始值。
为揭示电子辐照对 SiC MOSFET 高温栅偏后阈值电压的影响机制, 基于 Sentaurus TCAD 软件搭建了 SiC MOSFET 半元胞有限元仿真模型, 器件几何结构和各区域掺杂浓度如图4所示。$\mathrm{N}+$ 源区掺杂浓度为$2 \times {10}^{19}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-3},\mathrm{\;P}$ 基区掺杂浓度为$1 \times {10}^{19}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-3}$, N-漂移区掺杂浓度为${1.07}\times {10}^{16}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-3}$, N+衬底掺杂浓度为$1 \times {10}^{18}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-3\left\lbrack {9,{17}}\right\rbrack }$。在 Sentaurus Device 中采用的物理模型包括掺杂依赖的迁移率模型、带隙缩窄模型和间接复合模型。
栅极电压应力对氧化物可靠性的影响主要为直接隧穿机制。正栅极电压偏置下, 沟道电子直接隧穿到接近$\mathrm{{SiC}}/{\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 界面已存在的氧化物陷阱电荷中, 给氧化物陷阱充电,隧穿数量由偏置电压和偏置时间决定;负栅极偏置电压下,电子从氧化物中隧穿出来。 热应力的影响主要为高温激活了与 1 个激活陷阱${\mathrm{E}}^{\prime }$ - 中心损伤相关的额外近界面氧化物陷阱, 这些陷阱一旦被激活, 则参与直接隧穿, 导致氧化物中被捕获电子数量增加[5]。因此,栅氧化物老化对被测器件的影响可归结到氧化物陷阱中电子数目的多少。
为模拟高温正栅偏下阈值电压的变化, 本文仿真了氧化物内电子电荷浓度与阈值电压变化量的关系,如图5[18] 所示。
为模拟电子辐照对器件阈值电压的影响, 首先在 Sentaurus TCAD 软件中将栅氧化物的材料类型定义为 “OxideAsSemiconductor” 材料, 并设置该材料内空穴迁移率远小于电子迁移率,同时在栅氧化物内引入空穴陷阱,陷阱浓度为$1 \times {10}^{18}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-3}$。接着在器件模型中 Physical 模块添加 Radiation 指令, 仿真软件会在栅氧化物内产生大量电子-空穴对, 表达式为
${G}_{\mathrm{r}}= {g}_{0}D{\left(\frac{F +{E}_{0}}{F +{E}_{1}}\right)}^{m}$
式中:${G}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为辐照产生的电子空穴对数量;$D$ 为剂量率;$F$ 为电场强度;${g}_{0}$ 为电子空穴对的生成率,与${E}_{0}$${E}_{1}$$m$ 均为常数,其值分别为${7.6}\times {10}^{12}\mathrm{{rad}}\cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{3}$${0.1}\mathrm{\;V}/\mathrm{{cm}}\text{、}{1.35}\times {10}^{6}\mathrm{\;V}/\mathrm{{cm}}\text{、}{0.9}$
当栅极施加电压时, 电子和空穴分别向栅极和$\mathrm{{SiC}}/{\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 界面移动,迁移率较大的电子会被迅速扫出氧化物, 而迁移率较低的空穴则会被空穴陷阱俘获, 滞留在栅氧化物内, 如图6所示, 滞留的空穴会吸引电子进入沟道, 减小器件的阈值电压。为对比辐照前、后器件的阈值电压变化,仿真时先扫描器件${I}_{\mathrm{d}}- {V}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 曲线,让 Radiation 指令使能,接着固定陷阱空穴再扫描器件${I}_{\mathrm{d}}- {V}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 曲线,辐照后器件阈值电压变化量如图7所示。
Fig.$7{I}_{\mathrm{d}}- {V}_{\mathrm{g}}$ curve of device before and after irradiation with${20}\mathrm{\;V}$ drain voltage
图5图7可见, 经过电子辐照的 SiC MOSFET, 氧化物内会保留额外的正电荷, 造成阈值电压降低, 而经过高温正栅偏的 SiC MOSFET, 其氧化物中会存在大量电子, 造成阈值电压升高, 故电子辐照产生的空穴会复合高温栅偏产生的电子,使器件阈值电压恢复。
本文设计了高温栅偏和电子辐照混合实验, 研究了栅氧化物不同老化程度下电子辐照对$\mathrm{{SiC}}$ MOSFET 阈值电压的影响。通过实验和仿真结果得出以下结论。
(1)与未老化器件相比,高温正栅偏实验后, 器件阈值电压对电子辐照更加敏感, 通过实验数据分析出${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$ 电子的辐照剂量小于${20}\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 时, 电子辐照对高温栅偏老化后器件阈值电压的影响呈指数关系。实验结果表明,可通过${0.2}\mathrm{{MeV}}$ ${300}\mathrm{{kGy}}$ 电子辐照将${39}\mathrm{\;V}$${150}\mathrm{C}$$2\mathrm{\;h}$ 高温栅偏后的老化器件阈值电压恢复至初始值。
(2)通过在 Sentaurus TCAD 软件中引入栅氧化物电子和空穴陷阱, 完成对高温栅偏和电子辐照的仿真, 分析阈值电压恢复机制, 即电子辐照在氧化物中引入的空穴会抵消高温正栅偏引入的电子。
通过电子辐照恢复经过高温栅偏老化器件的阈值电压后, 器件是否能在电力电子变换器中正常运行仍有待研究。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2020CFB806)
  • 华中科技大学学术前沿青年团队资助项目(2019QYTD06)
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2024年第22卷第6期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.288
  • 接收时间:2021-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2024-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-27
  • 修回日期:2022-03-10
  • 录用日期:2022-05-19
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFB806)
湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2020CFB806)
Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(2019QYTD06)
华中科技大学学术前沿青年团队资助项目(2019QYTD06)
作者信息
    1 华中科技大学 电气与电子工程学院强电磁技术全国重点实验室 武汉 430074
    2 华中科技大学 电力安全与高效利用教育部工程研究中心 武汉 430074
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