Article(id=1153375934204858765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.1, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1630425600000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-01, revisedDate=1635782400000, revisedDateStr=2021-11-02, acceptedDate=1639929600000, acceptedDateStr=2021-12-20, onlineDate=1752915851403, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1732896000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752915851403, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752915851403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752915851403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153375932170621317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752915850917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780959263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004459600597840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153375932170621317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153375934569763214, articleId=1153375934204858765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=High-gain DC-DC Converter with Low Voltage Stress of Capacitor Based on Quasi-Z-source, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of new energy technology, the performance of DC-DC converters continuously increases. In this paper, a novel high-gain DC-DC converter is proposed, which is improved based on the quasi-Z-source topology. Owing to the use of the topology in which three capacitors discharge together to the load, a higher voltage gain is obtained while the voltage stress of capacitors is reduced. The proposed converter has advantages of the traditional quasi-Z-source converter such as simple control, continuous current and small current ripple. The working principle for this converter is analyzed. In addition, its performance was verified through simulation experiments and prototype experiments.

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在新能源技术迅速发展的背景下,随着 DC-DC 变换器性能的不断提高,提出1种新型高增益 DC-DC 变换器,即在准Z源的拓扑结构基础上进行改进,采用3个电容共同向负载放电以获得更高的电压增益,同时减小各电容的电压应力。仿真和样机实验结果表明,所提变换器不仅保留了传统准Z源直流变换器控制方式简单、电流连续、电流纹波小等优势,还具备升压倍数高、电容的电压应力低的特点。

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丘恒越(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: qqiuhy@163.com。

张桂东(1986-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子系统及其控制。E-mail: guidong.zhang@gdut.edu.cn。

陈思哲(1981-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: sizhe.chen@gdut.edu.cn。

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丘恒越(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: qqiuhy@163.com。

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丘恒越(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: qqiuhy@163.com。

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张桂东(1986-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子系统及其控制。E-mail: guidong.zhang@gdut.edu.cn。

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张桂东(1986-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子系统及其控制。E-mail: guidong.zhang@gdut.edu.cn。

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陈思哲(1981-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: sizhe.chen@gdut.edu.cn。

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陈思哲(1981-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: sizhe.chen@gdut.edu.cn。

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Shenzhen, China, 2018: 1-5., articleTitle=Two impedance-network DC-DC converters based on switched-capacitor techniques, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154032480916070976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, awardId=61802070, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61802070), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154032480978985537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, awardId=61802070, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(61802070), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154032473680896376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154032473685090681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, companyId=1154032473680896376, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154032473693479292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, companyId=1154032473680896376, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东工业大学 自动化学院 广州 510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154032478001029610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Topology of circuit of the proposed converter, figureFileSmall=1LBoBUdW/pQupdWLYFcsqQ==, figureFileBig=y7aYNq6hlFJ8TJW+UPS+pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478055555564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本文所提变换器的电路拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=1LBoBUdW/pQupdWLYFcsqQ==, 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journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of component stress between proposed converter and quasi-Z-source converter with the same voltage gain, figureFileSmall=edg0oP/sixmDC14tQ+Dqnw==, figureFileBig=p7WbAf+x1EpNLrKah5EVyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478537900536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图5, caption=电压增益相同时本文提出变换器与准 $\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器的器件应力对比, figureFileSmall=edg0oP/sixmDC14tQ+Dqnw==, figureFileBig=p7WbAf+x1EpNLrKah5EVyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478617592314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Results of simulation, figureFileSmall=abCOOwnUMnI9wK0tleVJwQ==, figureFileBig=drNTzUxqpjdhGM7Vd2n2WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478680506876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图6, caption=仿真结果, figureFileSmall=abCOOwnUMnI9wK0tleVJwQ==, figureFileBig=drNTzUxqpjdhGM7Vd2n2WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478768587262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Main circuit of experimental prototype, figureFileSmall=YgBkrfxxmVSRMqS020Nv/w==, figureFileBig=Ed2iIY3R3N7eUSIu+eWvGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478818918912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图7, caption=实验样机主电路, figureFileSmall=YgBkrfxxmVSRMqS020Nv/w==, figureFileBig=Ed2iIY3R3N7eUSIu+eWvGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032478957330946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Experimental results when the duty cycle of switch signal $D$ equals 0.25, figureFileSmall=3vhgA2kTmX1TgPT0OWcsJQ==, figureFileBig=aYONWXt6HdvCoOidMu2euw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479011856899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图8, caption=开关管信号占空比 $D ={0.25}$ 时的实验结果, figureFileSmall=3vhgA2kTmX1TgPT0OWcsJQ==, figureFileBig=aYONWXt6HdvCoOidMu2euw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479087354372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Experimental results when the duty cycle of switch signal $D$ equals 0.33, figureFileSmall=TJ10UCqfa0IuFw+Rz0VGTg==, figureFileBig=+28AfGMTuzKIiKqsbynO/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479137686022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图9, caption=开关管信号占空比 $D ={0.33}$ 时的实验结果, figureFileSmall=TJ10UCqfa0IuFw+Rz0VGTg==, figureFileBig=+28AfGMTuzKIiKqsbynO/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479200600584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Experimental results when the duty cycle of switch signal $D$ equals 0.4, figureFileSmall=CdMs6GleNtHPeuShqsghlA==, figureFileBig=hUfwPzlsBr5VxVhpMubGVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479267709450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=图10, caption=开关管信号占空比 $D ={0.40}$ 时的实验结果, figureFileSmall=CdMs6GleNtHPeuShqsghlA==, figureFileBig=hUfwPzlsBr5VxVhpMubGVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154032479313846797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Comparison of performance between proposed converter and quasi-Z-source converter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 本文所提变换器 准 Z 源变换器
电压 增益 $\frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}$ $\frac{1}{1 -{2D}}$
最大电 容电压 ${V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{3}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{1 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
二极管 电压 ${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
开关管 电压 ${V}_{\mathrm{S}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{S}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479376761360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表1, caption=本文所提变换器与准 $Z$ 源变换器性能对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 本文所提变换器 准 Z 源变换器
电压 增益 $\frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}$ $\frac{1}{1 -{2D}}$
最大电 容电压 ${V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{3}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{1 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
二极管 电压 ${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
开关管 电压 ${V}_{\mathrm{S}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{S}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479439675923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Comparison of component stress between proposed converter and quasi-Z-source converter with the same voltage gain, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 本文所提变换器 准 Z 源变换器
开关管驱动信号占 空比与电压增益的 关系 $\frac{G - 1}{2G}$ $\frac{2 - G}{1 -{2G}}$
最大电容电压 $\frac{G + 1}{3}$ $G$
二极管电压 $\frac{{2G}- 1}{3}$ $G$
开关管电压 $\frac{{2G}- 1}{3}$ $G$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479523562006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表2, caption=本文所提变换器与准 $\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器在电压增益相同时器件应力对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 本文所提变换器 准 Z 源变换器
开关管驱动信号占 空比与电压增益的 关系 $\frac{G - 1}{2G}$ $\frac{2 - G}{1 -{2G}}$
最大电容电压 $\frac{G + 1}{3}$ $G$
二极管电压 $\frac{{2G}- 1}{3}$ $G$
开关管电压 $\frac{{2G}- 1}{3}$ $G$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479586476569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Parameters of components in simulation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10
开关管驱动信号频率$f/k\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 50
电感${L}_{1},{L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 330
电容${C}_{1},{C}_{2},{C}_{3},{C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
输出电阻$R/\Omega$ 200
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479678751261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表3, caption=仿真中器件参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10
开关管驱动信号频率$f/k\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 50
电感${L}_{1},{L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 330
电容${C}_{1},{C}_{2},{C}_{3},{C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
输出电阻$R/\Omega$ 200
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479737471520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=Types and parasitic parameters of componentsin simulation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件名称 型号或数值 寄生参数 元件名称 型号或数值 寄生参数
电感 ${330\mu }\mathrm{H}$ ${r}_{{L}_{1}}= {r}_{{L}_{2}}= {0.1\Omega }$ 开关管 IXTQ96N20P ${R}_{\mathrm{S}}= {0.024\Omega }$
电容 ${220\mu }\mathrm{F}/{100}\mathrm{\;V}$ ${r}_{{C}_{1}}= {r}_{{C}_{2}}= {r}_{{C}_{3}}= {r}_{{C}_{4}}= {0.032\Omega }$ 负载 200 Ω
二极管 SR5200 ${u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {0.8}\mathrm{\;V}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479791997475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表4, caption=仿真元件型号及其寄生参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件名称 型号或数值 寄生参数 元件名称 型号或数值 寄生参数
电感 ${330\mu }\mathrm{H}$ ${r}_{{L}_{1}}= {r}_{{L}_{2}}= {0.1\Omega }$ 开关管 IXTQ96N20P ${R}_{\mathrm{S}}= {0.024\Omega }$
电容 ${220\mu }\mathrm{F}/{100}\mathrm{\;V}$ ${r}_{{C}_{1}}= {r}_{{C}_{2}}= {r}_{{C}_{3}}= {r}_{{C}_{4}}= {0.032\Omega }$ 负载 200 Ω
二极管 SR5200 ${u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {u}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {0.8}\mathrm{\;V}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479884272166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=Power loss calculation results of various components in the converter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管信号 占空比 输出电流/A 电感损耗/W 电容损耗/W 二极管损耗/W 开关管损耗/W 总损耗/W
0.25 0.15 0.042 0.018 0.66 0.014 0.73
0.33 0.21 0.180 0.064 1.18 0.016 1.29
0.40 0.32 1.152 0.384 2.56 0.376 4.47
), ArticleFig(id=1154032479947186729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表5, caption=变换器各类器件功率损耗计算结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管信号 占空比 输出电流/A 电感损耗/W 电容损耗/W 二极管损耗/W 开关管损耗/W 总损耗/W
0.25 0.15 0.042 0.018 0.66 0.014 0.73
0.33 0.21 0.180 0.064 1.18 0.016 1.29
0.40 0.32 1.152 0.384 2.56 0.376 4.47
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480022684204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=Simulation result of converter with parasitic parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管 信号 占空比 理想变换器 仿真的输出 电压/V 含寄生参数 仿真的输出 电压/V 理论电 压增益 含寄生参数 的变换器电 压增益 含寄生参数 仿真的输入 功率/W 含寄生参数 仿真的输出 功率/W 仿真功率 损耗/W 变换器 效率/%
0.25 35.0 30.0 3.5 3.0 5.27 4.50 0.77 85.4
0.33 50.0 40.9 5.0 4.1 9.84 8.35 1.49 84.8
0.40 80.0 64.3 8.0 6.4 25.9 20.60 5.30 79.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480093987374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表6, caption=含寄生参数的变换器仿真结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管 信号 占空比 理想变换器 仿真的输出 电压/V 含寄生参数 仿真的输出 电压/V 理论电 压增益 含寄生参数 的变换器电 压增益 含寄生参数 仿真的输入 功率/W 含寄生参数 仿真的输出 功率/W 仿真功率 损耗/W 变换器 效率/%
0.25 35.0 30.0 3.5 3.0 5.27 4.50 0.77 85.4
0.33 50.0 40.9 5.0 4.1 9.84 8.35 1.49 84.8
0.40 80.0 64.3 8.0 6.4 25.9 20.60 5.30 79.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480211427890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=Comparison between experimental and simulation values of parameters when the duty cycle of switch signal D equals 0.25, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 30.0 30.0 35.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 152 150 175
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 535 531 612
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 382 383 536
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 149 204 227
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 149 204 227
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.6 13.6 15.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 3.6 3.6 5.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.7 13.6 15.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 12.6 12.7 15.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.2 17.1 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.5 17.1 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.6 17.1 20.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 18.2 18.1 20.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480282731060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表7, caption=开关管信号占空比 $D ={0.25}$ 时实验测得参数值与仿真值的对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 30.0 30.0 35.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 152 150 175
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 535 531 612
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 382 383 536
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 149 204 227
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 149 204 227
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.6 13.6 15.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 3.6 3.6 5.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.7 13.6 15.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 12.6 12.7 15.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.2 17.1 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.5 17.1 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.6 17.1 20.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 18.2 18.1 20.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480345645622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=Comparison between experimental and simulation values of parameters when the duty cycle of switch signal D equals 0.33, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 41.0 41.6 50.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 205 208 250
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 1007 1030 1250
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 839 830 1000
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 335 400
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 335 400
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.0 17.5 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 7.1 7.6 10.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.1 17.6 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 15.9 16.6 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 24.2 24.8 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 25.5 24.9 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 24.0 25.1 30.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 25.5 26.1 30.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480395977272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表8, caption=开关管信号占空比 $\mathrm{D}= {0.33}$ 时实验测得参数值与仿真值的对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 41.0 41.6 50.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 205 208 250
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 1007 1030 1250
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 839 830 1000
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 335 400
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 335 400
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.0 17.5 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 7.1 7.6 10.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 17.1 17.6 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 15.9 16.6 20.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 24.2 24.8 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 25.5 24.9 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 24.0 25.1 30.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 25.5 26.1 30.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480463086138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=Comparison between experimental and simulation values of parameters when the duty cycle of switch signal $D$ equals 0.4, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 62.0 63.9 80.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 320 400
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 2396 2600 3200
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 2135 2280 2800
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 454 589 730
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 514 589 730
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 22.2 25.0 30.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.7 15.3 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 22.3 25.2 30.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 21.5 24.0 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 36.6 39.4 50.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 37.0 40.0 50.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 45.1 40.1 50.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 46.8 41.3 50.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480534389308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表9, caption=开关管信号占空比 $D ={0.4}$ 时实验测得参数值与仿真值的对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数 测量值 带寄生参数 变换器仿真值 理想变换器 仿真值
${V}_{\text{in }}/\mathrm{V}$ 10.0 10.0 10.0
${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 62.0 63.9 80.0
${I}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 310 320 400
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 2396 2600 3200
${\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 2135 2280 2800
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 454 589 730
$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 514 589 730
${V}_{{C}_{1}}/\mathrm{V}$ 22.2 25.0 30.0
${V}_{{C}_{2}}/\mathrm{V}$ 13.7 15.3 20.0
${V}_{{C}_{3}}/\mathrm{V}$ 22.3 25.2 30.0
${V}_{{C}_{4}}/\mathrm{V}$ 21.5 24.0 30.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 36.6 39.4 50.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 37.0 40.0 50.0
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}\text{-OFF }}/\mathrm{V}$ 45.1 40.1 50.0
${V}_{\text{S-OFF/V }}$ 46.8 41.3 50.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480597303870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=EN, label=Tab. 10, caption=Power and efficiency in prototype experiments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管 信号占 空比 实际输 人功率 /W 实际输 出功率 /W 变换器实 际效率 /% 带寄生参数 仿真变换器 效率/%
0.25 5.35 4.50 84.1 85.4
0.33 10.0 8.08 82.4 84.8
0.40 23.9 19.2 80.3 79.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154032480651829823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153375934204858765, language=CN, label=表10, caption=样机实验的功率和效率, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关管 信号占 空比 实际输 人功率 /W 实际输 出功率 /W 变换器实 际效率 /% 带寄生参数 仿真变换器 效率/%
0.25 5.35 4.50 84.1 85.4
0.33 10.0 8.08 82.4 84.8
0.40 23.9 19.2 80.3 79.5
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基于准Z源的低电容电压应力高增益DC-DC变换器
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丘恒越 , 张桂东 , 陈思哲
电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024,22(6): 1-12
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电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024, 22(6): 1-12
基于准Z源的低电容电压应力高增益DC-DC变换器
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丘恒越 , 张桂东 , 陈思哲
作者信息
  • 广东工业大学 自动化学院 广州 510006
  • 丘恒越(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: qqiuhy@163.com。

    张桂东(1986-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子系统及其控制。E-mail: guidong.zhang@gdut.edu.cn。

    陈思哲(1981-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:新能源发电与储能。E-mail: sizhe.chen@gdut.edu.cn。

High-gain DC-DC Converter with Low Voltage Stress of Capacitor Based on Quasi-Z-source
Hengyue QIU , Guidong ZHANG , Sizhe CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
出版时间: 2024-11-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.1
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在新能源技术迅速发展的背景下,随着 DC-DC 变换器性能的不断提高,提出1种新型高增益 DC-DC 变换器,即在准Z源的拓扑结构基础上进行改进,采用3个电容共同向负载放电以获得更高的电压增益,同时减小各电容的电压应力。仿真和样机实验结果表明,所提变换器不仅保留了传统准Z源直流变换器控制方式简单、电流连续、电流纹波小等优势,还具备升压倍数高、电容的电压应力低的特点。

DC-DC变换器  /  准Z源  /  高增益  /  低电压应力

With the rapid development of new energy technology, the performance of DC-DC converters continuously increases. In this paper, a novel high-gain DC-DC converter is proposed, which is improved based on the quasi-Z-source topology. Owing to the use of the topology in which three capacitors discharge together to the load, a higher voltage gain is obtained while the voltage stress of capacitors is reduced. The proposed converter has advantages of the traditional quasi-Z-source converter such as simple control, continuous current and small current ripple. The working principle for this converter is analyzed. In addition, its performance was verified through simulation experiments and prototype experiments.

DC-DC converter  /  quasi-Z-source  /  high gain  /  low voltage stress
丘恒越, 张桂东, 陈思哲. 基于准Z源的低电容电压应力高增益DC-DC变换器. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (6) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.1
Hengyue QIU, Guidong ZHANG, Sizhe CHEN. High-gain DC-DC Converter with Low Voltage Stress of Capacitor Based on Quasi-Z-source[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (6) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.1
为落实我国 2030 年前实现 “碳达峰” 和 2060 年实现 “碳中和” 的战略决策, 新能源发电技术将得到更广泛的应用。DC-DC 升压变换器已广泛应用于新能源发电领域。由于光伏电池、燃料电池等的电压较低 (一般约为几十伏), 因此需要通过 DC-DC 升压变换器将电压提高至几百伏, 从而实现并入${380}\mathrm{\;V}$${220}\mathrm{\;V}$ 电网运行,为用户供电。
提高升压变换器的电压增益, 即通过单级变换器可将电池的低电压升压到电网电压, 是 DC-DC 升压变换器的发展趋势。带变压器的隔离型变换器能有效提高电压增益[1],但变压器的体积大、质量大、磁芯损耗也较大。升压电路级联也是能大幅提高变换器升压倍数的方法[2], 但级联电路使用的器件数量较多、控制方法复杂。为减小变换器体积, 同时提高变换器可靠性, 单级升压变压器的应用更为广泛。开关电容和开关电感的引入有利于降低器件应力[3-5],而交错技术能分散器件承受的电压, 有利于降低器件的电压应力, 提高变换器的升压倍数[6-7],但同时也存在元件数量增加的问题。
文献[8]提出了$\mathrm{Z}$ 源结构,使得$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器拥有不同于传统变换器的独特交错阻抗网络结构, 变换器结构简单, 能获得较高的升压比。但由文献[9]$\mathrm{Z}$$\mathrm{{DC}}- \mathrm{{DC}}$ 变换器的拓扑结构可见,其存在浪涌启动电流大、电流不连续的问题。而文献[10]的电路结构说明,准$Z$ 源 DC-DC 变换器可根据$Z$ 源变换器的结构进行改进, 将电感置于输入端, 增加二极管整流, 使输入、输出电流连续, 减少器件电压应力, 从而实现开关管在占空比较低的情况下获得较高的变换器升压比,减少开关管的导通损耗。
为进一步提高变换器的性能, 多种新型变换器在准$\mathrm{Z}$$\mathrm{{DC}}$ -$\mathrm{{DC}}$ 变换器的基础上进行了拓扑结构的改进, 采用不同方式降低器件电压应力, 从而提高变换器的升压倍数。文献[11]采用两级准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器结合的结构来优化变换器性能;文献[12-13] 将开关电感单元和开关电容单元加入到了准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器中; 文献[14-15]在准 Z 源的基础上改进结构,使用耦合电感,降低电感值; 文献[16]在准 Z 源变换器结构上加入交错单元, 减少了电流纹波。 为降低输出电压的纹波, 多数变换器将输出负载与 1 个电容并联, 因此输出端的电容需要极大的耐压能力, 制作变换器时要选择体积大、成本高、耐压大的电容。通过改进电路的拓扑结构, 减少器件的电压应力, 使所有器件的电压应力均低于输出电压,能减小整个变换器的体积和成本。
综上所述, 为解决输出电容耐压值大的问题, 本文提出 1 种新型高增益 DC-DC 变换器,在准 Z 源 DC-DC 变换器电路结构的基础上,将准 Z 源 DC-DC 变换器中输出电容与负载电阻并联的结构改造为变换器中 3 个电容电压叠加到输出负载的结构, 使输出电压等于多个电容电压之和, 从而减小各电容的电压应力, 提高变换器的升压倍数。
本文所提变换器电路拓扑结构及其工作原理分别如图1图2所示。在准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器基础上对变换器结构进行改进, 使变换器工作在 2 种不同模态下,电容${C}_{2}\text{、}{C}_{3}$ 和电容${C}_{4}$ 分别交替向负载放电, 以减小各电容的电压应力, 输出负载两侧的二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 控制电流方向。为便于分析,假设所有器件均为理想器件, 电路一直工作在 CCM 模式, 所有电感、电容值均足够大, 则各工作模态下各开关的等效电路如图3所示。
开关模态$1\left({0 \leq t \leq {DT}}\right)$ : 如图3(a)所示,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 正向偏置导通,${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 反向偏置关断。直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 和电容${C}_{2}$ 通过回路${V}_{\text{in }}- {L}_{1}- {C}_{2}- \mathrm{S}$ 共同向电感${L}_{1}$ 释放能量; 电容${C}_{1}$ 通过回路${C}_{1}- {\mathrm{D}}_{3}- {C}_{4}- \mathrm{S}$ 向电容${C}_{4}$ 释放能量,电容${C}_{2}$ 和电容${C}_{3}$ 通过回路${C}_{2}- {C}_{4}- R -{C}_{3}$ 共同向电容${C}_{4}$ 和负载$R$ 释放能量; 电容${C}_{1}$ 通过回路${C}_{1}- {L}_{2}- \mathrm{S}$ 向电感${L}_{2}$ 释放能量。 由基尔霍夫电压定律,各回路中器件电压关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{{L}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}+ {V}_{\text{in }}\\{V}_{{C}_{4}}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}\\{V}_{R}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}+ {V}_{{C}_{3}}+ {V}_{{C}_{4}}\\{V}_{{L}_{2}}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}\end{array}\right.$
由基尔霍夫电流定律, 各节点的器件电流关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{{C}_{2}}= {i}_{{L}_{1}}+ {i}_{{C}_{3}}\\{i}_{\mathrm{S}}= {i}_{{L}_{1}}+ {i}_{{C}_{1}}\\{i}_{{C}_{1}}= {i}_{{L}_{2}}+ {i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\\{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {i}_{{C}_{4}}+ {i}_{R}\\{i}_{{C}_{2}}+ {i}_{{L}_{2}}= {i}_{{L}_{2}}+ {i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\\{i}_{{L}_{1}}= {i}_{{L}_{2}}\end{array}\right.$
开关模态$2\left({{DT}\leq t \leq T}\right)$ : 如图3(b)所示,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 关断,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 正向偏置导通,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 反向偏置关断。直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 和电感${L}_{1}$ 通过回路${V}_{\text{in }}- {L}_{1}- {D}_{1}- {C}_{1}$ 共同向电容${C}_{1}$ 释放能量; 直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 、电感${L}_{1}$ 、电感${L}_{2}$ 、电容${C}_{4}$ 通过回路${V}_{\text{in }}- {L}_{1}- {\mathrm{D}}_{1}- {L}_{2}- {C}_{4}- R -{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 共同向负载$R$ 释放能量; 电容${C}_{4}$ 通过回路${C}_{2}- {C}_{4}- R -{C}_{3}$ 向电容${C}_{2}\text{、}{C}_{3}$ 释放能量; 电感${L}_{2}$ 通过回路${C}_{2}- {L}_{2}- {\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 向电容${C}_{2}$ 释放能量。
各回路中器件电压关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{{L}_{1}}= {V}_{\text{in }}- {V}_{{C}_{1}}\\{V}_{{L}_{2}}= -{V}_{{C}_{2}}\\{V}_{R}= {V}_{\text{in }}+ {V}_{{C}_{4}}- {V}_{{L}_{1}}- {V}_{{L}_{2}}\end{array}\right.$
由基尔霍夫电流定律, 各节点的器件电流关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {i}_{{C}_{1}}+ {i}_{{L}_{2}}\\{i}_{{C}_{4}}= {i}_{{C}_{2}}+ {i}_{{L}_{2}}\\{i}_{R}= {i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}+ {i}_{{C}_{3}}\\{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {i}_{{L}_{1}}+ {i}_{{C}_{1}}\\{i}_{{C}_{3}}+ {i}_{{L}_{1}}= {i}_{{C}_{2}}+ {i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}\\{i}_{{L}_{2}}= {i}_{{L}_{2}}\end{array}\right.$
在电路工作于稳定状态时, 则电感不同模态下电压数量关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\int }_{0}^{DT}{V}_{{L}_{1}\text{mode }1}\mathrm{\;d}t +{\int }_{DT}^{T}{V}_{{L}_{1}\text{mode }2}\mathrm{\;d}t = 0 \\{\int }_{0}^{DT}{V}_{{L}_{2}\text{mode }1}\mathrm{\;d}t +{\int }_{DT}^{T}{V}_{{L}_{2}\text{mode }2}\mathrm{\;d}t = 0 \end{array}\right.$
由式(1)、式(3)、式(5)可推导出电压增益为
$ G =\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}= \frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}$
式中,$D$ 为开关管导通时间的占空比。
电感的平均电流可表示为
$\left\{\begin{matrix}{\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}= {I}_{\text{in }}= \frac{{P}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}= \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}= {\left(\frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}\right)}^{2}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}= {I}_{\text{in }}- {I}_{\mathrm{o}}= \frac{{P}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}}}{R}= \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}}}{R}= \\\frac{\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 + D}\right)}{{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\end{matrix}\right.$
式中:${P}_{\text{in }}$ 为变换器的输入功率;${P}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为变换器的输出功率。在理想变换器中,认为${P}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {P}_{0}$,由此计算出输入电流。
为使变换器工作在 CCM 模式, 需使电感电流平均值和波动值满足$\Delta {i}_{L}\leq {\bar{I}}_{L}/2$。而当电感电流纹波控制在${r}_{L}\%$ 以内时,需满足$\Delta {i}_{L}\leq {r}_{L}\%{\bar{I}}_{L}$
电感波动电流值分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}= \frac{\left({{V}_{{C}_{2}}+ {V}_{\text{in }}}\right) D}{{L}_{1}f}\\\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{{C}_{1}}D}{{L}_{2}f}\end{array}\right.$
式中,$f$ 为开关频率。
由式 (8)计算电感值为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{1}\geq \frac{D\left({1 - D}\right)\left({1 -{2D}}\right) R}{{r}_{L}\%{\left( 2 - D\right)}^{2}f}\\{L}_{2}\geq \frac{D\left({1 - D}\right)\left({1 -{2D}}\right) R}{{r}_{L}z\%\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 + D}\right) f}\end{array}\right.$
由式 (1)、式 (3)、式 (5) 推算各电容电压应力为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{{C}_{1}}= \frac{1 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }},{V}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}\\{V}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{1 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }},{V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{1 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\text{in }}\end{array}\right.$
在电路工作于稳定状态时, 由电容的伏安平衡原理, 不同模态下电流的数量关系为
${\int }_{0}^{DT}{i}_{C\text{model }}\mathrm{\;d}t +{\int }_{DT}^{T}{i}_{C\text{mode }2}\mathrm{\;d}t = 0 $
由式(2)、式(4)、式(11)可知,在开关模态 1 时流过各电容的电流分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{I}_{{C}_{1}}= \frac{\left({2 - D}\right)\left({{D}^{2}- D + 1}\right)}{D{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{3\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 - D}\right)}{{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 - D}\right)}{D{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\end{array}\right.$
电容电压波动为${r}_{C}\%$ 时,则有
$ C\frac{{r}_{C}\%{V}_{C}}{DT}\geq {I}_{C\text{ model }}$
电容值由式(12)~式(13)计算为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}_{1}\geq \frac{\left({2 - D}\right)\left({{D}^{2}- D + 1}\right)}{{r}_{C}\%\left({1 -{2D}}\right)\left({1 - D}\right){Rf}}\\{C}_{2}\geq \frac{3\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 - D}\right)}{{r}_{C}\%\left({1 -{2D}}\right){Rf}}\\{C}_{3}\geq \frac{D\left({2 - D}\right)}{{r}_{C}\%\left({1 - D}\right){Rf}}\\{C}_{4}\geq \frac{2 - D}{{r}_{C}\%{Rf}}\end{array}\right.$
在各开关器件关断时, 器件电压应力分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{V}_{\mathrm{S}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},& {V}_{{D}_{1}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\\{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},& {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= \frac{1}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\end{array}\right.$
由式(2)、式(4)、式(7)、式(11)、式(12),开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 和二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 在开关模态 1 时导通、二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 在开关模态 2 时导通,在各开关器件导通时, 器件电流应力别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\mathrm{s}}= \frac{\left({2 - D}\right)\left({1 + D}\right)}{D{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{D}_{1}}= \frac{{\left( 2 - D\right)}^{2}}{\left({1 - D}\right){\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}\cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{D}_{2}}= \frac{2 - D}{\left({1 - D}\right)\left({1 -{2D}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\\{I}_{{D}_{2}}= \frac{2 - D}{D\left({1 -{2D}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{R}\end{array}\right.$
由于 DC-DC 变换器中各器件存在寄生参数, 这会引起电能损耗, 因此需要分别进行各类元件的损耗计算, 得出变换器电路的实际工作效率。
电感功率损耗为
${P}_{L}= {\bar{I}}_{{L}_{1}}^{2}{r}_{{L}_{1}}+ {\bar{I}}_{{L}_{2}}^{2}{r}_{{L}_{2}}= \\{I}_{\mathrm{o}}^{2}\left\lbrack {{\left(\frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}\right)}^{2}{r}_{{L}_{1}}+ {\left(\frac{1 + D}{1 -{2D}}\right)}^{2}{r}_{{L}_{2}}}\right\rbrack $
式中,${r}_{{L}_{1}}\text{、}{r}_{{L}_{2}}$ 分别为 2 个电感的电阻值。
电容功率损耗为
${P}_{C}= {I}_{{C}_{1}\mathrm{{RMS}}}^{2}{r}_{{C}_{1}}+ {I}_{{C}_{2}\mathrm{{RMS}}}^{2}{r}_{{C}_{2}}+ {I}_{{C}_{3}\mathrm{{RMS}}}^{2}{r}_{{C}_{3}}+ {I}_{{C}_{4}\mathrm{{RMS}}}^{2}{r}_{{C}_{4}}$
式中,${r}_{{C}_{1}}\text{、}{r}_{{C}_{2}}\text{、}{r}_{{C}_{3}}\text{、}{r}_{{C}_{4}}$ 分别为各电容的电阻值, 各电容在 1 个周期内的电流均方根值为
${I}_{CRMS}= \sqrt{D{I}_{\text{model }1}^{2}+ \left({1 - D}\right){I}_{\text{mode }2}^{2}}$
则由式(11)、式(18)、式(19)可得
${P}_{C}= {I}_{\mathrm{o}}^{2}\left\lbrack {\frac{{\left({D}^{2}- D + 1\right)}^{2}}{D\left({1 - D}\right){\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}{r}_{{C}_{1}}+ }\right.\\\left.{\frac{{9D}\left({1 - D}\right)}{{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}{r}_{{C}_{2}}+ \frac{D}{1 - D}{r}_{{C}_{3}}+ \frac{1 - D}{D}{r}_{{C}_{4}}}\right\rbrack $
二极管在导通时会产生正向导通损耗, 3 个二极管的正向导通损耗之和为
${P}_{\mathrm{D}}= \left({1 - D}\right)\left({{I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}+ {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}}\right)+ D{I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= \\{I}_{\mathrm{o}}\left({\frac{2 - D}{1 -{2D}}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}+ {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}+ {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}}\right)$
式中,${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}\text{、}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}\text{、}{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}$ 分别为各二极管的导通压降。
开关管在导通时产生的传导损耗为
${P}_{\mathrm{S}}= {R}_{\mathrm{S}}{I}_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}D =\frac{{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{2}}{D{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}^{2}{R}_{\mathrm{S}}$
式中,${R}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为开关管的导通电阻。
因为变换器中同类型器件的电压、电流应力相近, 故在变换器设计中, 同类型的器件选择相同的型号, 故可认为同类型器件的寄生参数相同, 即${r}_{{L}_{1}}= {r}_{{L}_{2}}= {r}_{L},{r}_{{C}_{1}}= {r}_{{C}_{2}}= {r}_{{C}_{3}}= {r}_{{C}_{4}}= {r}_{C},{V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {V}_{\mathrm{D}}$,则分别由式 (17)、式 (20)、式 (21) 可知,变换器中电感、电容、二极管的损耗分别为
${P}_{L}= \frac{2{D}^{2}- {2D}+ 5}{{\left( 1 - 2D\right)}^{2}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}^{2}{r}_{L}$
${P}_{C}= \left\lbrack {\frac{{9D}\left({1 - D}\right)}{{\left( 2D - 1\right)}^{2}}+ \frac{1}{D\left({1 - D}\right)}}\right\rbrack {I}_{\mathrm{o}}^{2}{r}_{C}$
${P}_{\mathrm{D}}= \frac{4 -{5D}}{1 -{2D}}{I}_{\mathrm{O}}{V}_{\mathrm{D}}$
因此, 该变换器效率为
$\eta =\frac{{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{P}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}= \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {P}_{L}- {P}_{C}- {P}_{\mathrm{D}}- {P}_{\mathrm{S}}}{{P}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}$
由实际输出功率可计算得实际输出电压为
${V}_{\mathrm{o}}= \sqrt{{P}_{\mathrm{o}}R}$
因此, 各元件的寄生参数影响变换器的功率损耗, 故变换器的实际输出功率与寄生参数相关, 同时影响变换器的实际输出电压和电流。由以上损耗分析可知, 功率损耗大小与输出电压、电流相关, 变换器的寄生损耗与实际增益是相互影响的量。
表1为本文所提变换器与准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源 DC-DC 变换器的性能对比,图4(a)为这 2 种变换器电压增益的对比结果,图4(b)为 2 种变换器中最大的电容电压应力对比结果。
可见: 本文所提变换器最大电容电压为电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{3}$${C}_{4}$ 的电压,准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器最大电容电压为${C}_{3}$ 的电压。由此可知,在开关管信号占空比相同时,本文所提变换器电压增益大于准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器,且电容电压应力较低。
表2图5为 2 种变换器增益相同时器件电压应力与输入电压比值的对比。可见, 2 种变换器在获得相同电压增益时, 本文所提变换器的器件电压应力更小,体积更小,成本更低。
为验证前文对变换器性能的分析, 使用 PSIM 软件对所提变换器进行仿真, 依据第 2 节的分析计算结果并保留裕度, 选择合适的元件参数使变换器工作在 CCM 模式, 使电容电压的波动值控制在 1% 以内。
为验证本文所提变换器在不同输出电压、不同功率下的性能, 选择不同的开关管控制信号占空比进行实验。本次仿真中的各类器件参数如表3所示, 所有元器件均为理想器件, 无寄生参数。
图6为开关管控制信号占空比分别为${0.25}\text{、}{0.33}$ 、 0.40 时的仿真波形, 可见仿真结果与第 2 节中理论计算结果相同,证实了本文理论分析的准确性。
为计算变换器效率, 在 PSIM 软件中对变换器电路中各元件增加寄生参数, 开展仿真实验对变换器的损耗和效率进行验证。选择的器件参数、型号及寄生参数如表4所示。
表5为根据含寄生参数变换器仿真结果的输出电压电流及式(22)、式(24)~式(26)算得的各类器件的寄生损耗及器件损耗的总和。表6验证了损耗分析的结果, 并由输入输出功率计算出变换器的效率。由于器件存在寄生参数, 造成功率损耗, 变换器实际电压增益与理论值相比有所下降。而由第 3 节可知,功率损耗的大小与器件的电流大小有关, 因此, 电压的实际增益和电路的输入输出电压电流、器件选型等均有关系。
为进一步验证该变换器性能, 本文搭建实验样机, 器件选型参数和型号如表4所示, 在实验室条件下搭建的实验模型如图7所示。实验样机的输入电压为${10}\mathrm{\;V}$,工作频率为${50}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。通过信号发生器产生指定占空比的方波信号, 经过 TLP250 光耦后驱动开关管工作, 3 次实验的开关管信号占空比分别为 0.25、0.33、0.40,实验结果分别如图8~图10所示。
表7~表9分别为 3 次开关管信号占空比不同实验中各元件的电学参数测量值和仿真值的对比。 可知, 样机实验结果与仿真结果相近, 验证了本文所提变换器的在实际应用中的可行性。
表10为各轮实验中变换器的输入输出功率和变换器实际效率, 及与带寄生参数变换器的仿真结果对比。可见, 本文样机实验的效率与带寄生参数仿真中的变换器效率相近。
本文提出了 1 种基于准 Z 源结构的新型 DC-DC变换器,与传统准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源 DC-DC 变换器相比, 本文所提变换器具有升压倍数高, 电容的电压应力低等特点;同时,本文所提变换器还保留了准$Z$ 源变换器浪涌电流小、电流连续、开关管占空比低的特点。为验证变换器性能, 本文分别进行了理想变换器仿真、带寄生参数变换器的仿真及样机实验, 均验证了对所提变换器理论分析的正确性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61802070)
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2024年第22卷第6期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.6.1
  • 接收时间:2021-09-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2024-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01
  • 修回日期:2021-11-02
  • 录用日期:2021-12-20
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61802070)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61802070)
作者信息
    广东工业大学 自动化学院 广州 510006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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