Article(id=1149844396096582267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648051200000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-24, revisedDate=1651766400000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-06, acceptedDate=1653321600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-24, onlineDate=1752073867105, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752075832132, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073867105, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752073867105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752073867105, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=125, endPage=132, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844396553761405, articleId=1149844396096582267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=MPPT Control Based on Variable Step Size Incomplete Partial Differential Incremental Conductance Method, columnId=1152281492550987902, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Renewable Energy System, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An improved incremental conductance method with a variable step size is proposed to solve the problem that the traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm cannot strike a balance between the tracking speed and steady-state oscillation. The MPPT speed can be increased by the improved incremental conductance method using a zonal variable step size. Meanwhile, the steady-state oscillation problem is optimized by using the incomplete partial differential theory, thus improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the improved incremental conductance method is verified by comparing the traditional control algorithm with the improved incremental conductance method.

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针对传统最大功率点跟踪算法无法兼顾追踪速度和稳态振荡的问题,提出1种步长可变的改进电导增量法。该改进电导增量法使用分区变步长提高最大功率点追踪速度,同时利用不完全偏微分理论优化稳态振荡的问题,提高了光伏发电的效率。通过将传统控制算法和改进电导增量法进行对比分析,验证了改进电导增量法的可行性和有效性。

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任正云(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:非线性模型预测控制、组合积分系统先进控制。E-mail:
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毛琳(1999— ),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:光伏MPPT控制算法。E-mail:

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毛琳(1999— ),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:光伏MPPT控制算法。E-mail:

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毛琳(1999— ),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:光伏MPPT控制算法。E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1205945143786533306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of output power and output voltage among traditional P&O, traditional INC and improved INC methods under changes in ambient temperature, figureFileSmall=A8H83CDVLWRrDdIHMjOnBQ==, figureFileBig=FJAfUaVy+1/znbb0OG0Y0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945143933333954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=CN, label=图9, caption=环境温度改变下,传统P&O、传统INC及改进INC输出功率与输出电压对比, figureFileSmall=A8H83CDVLWRrDdIHMjOnBQ==, figureFileBig=FJAfUaVy+1/znbb0OG0Y0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945144046580169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Boost circuit parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
滤波电容${C}_{1}\text{/μF}$ 100
滤波电容${C}_{\text{2}}\text{/μF}$ 300
储能电感L/mH 1
负载R 7
开关频率$f\text{/Hz}$ 25 000
), ArticleFig(id=1205945144138854869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Boost电路参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
滤波电容${C}_{1}\text{/μF}$ 100
滤波电容${C}_{\text{2}}\text{/μF}$ 300
储能电感L/mH 1
负载R 7
开关频率$f\text{/Hz}$ 25 000
), ArticleFig(id=1205945144247906786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Tracking speed and average output power of different MPPT algorithms under changes in light intensity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 追踪速度/s 平均输出功率/W
光照强度
1 000 W·m-2
光照强度
1 500 W·m-2
光照强度
800 W·m-2
光照强度
1 000 W·m-2
光照强度
1 500 W·m-2
光照强度
800 W·m-2
传统P&O 0.002 0 0.002 0 0.001 0 135.04 226.28 101.58
传统INC 0.055 0 0.011 0 0.018 5 136.28 229.03 107.54
改进INC 0.009 0 0.003 0 0.005 5 139.60 229.28 107.65
), ArticleFig(id=1205945144398901745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

光照强度改变下,不同MPPT算法的追踪速度及平均输出功率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 追踪速度/s 平均输出功率/W
光照强度
1 000 W·m-2
光照强度
1 500 W·m-2
光照强度
800 W·m-2
光照强度
1 000 W·m-2
光照强度
1 500 W·m-2
光照强度
800 W·m-2
传统P&O 0.002 0 0.002 0 0.001 0 135.04 226.28 101.58
传统INC 0.055 0 0.011 0 0.018 5 136.28 229.03 107.54
改进INC 0.009 0 0.003 0 0.005 5 139.60 229.28 107.65
), ArticleFig(id=1205945144512147962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Tracking speed and average output power of different MPPT algorithms under changes in ambient temperature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 追踪速度/s 平均输出功率/W
环境温度
25 ℃
环境温度
45 ℃
环境温度20 ℃ 环境温度25 ℃ 环境温度45 ℃ 环境温度20 ℃
传统P&O 0.002 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 135.04 135.06 136.12
传统INC 0.055 0 0.013 5 0.015 5 136.28 139.05 140.64
改进INC 0.009 0 0.002 0 0.004 5 139.60 139.15 140.85
), ArticleFig(id=1205945144608616969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844396096582267, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

环境温度改变下,不同MPPT算法的追踪速度及平均输出功率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 追踪速度/s 平均输出功率/W
环境温度
25 ℃
环境温度
45 ℃
环境温度20 ℃ 环境温度25 ℃ 环境温度45 ℃ 环境温度20 ℃
传统P&O 0.002 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 135.04 135.06 136.12
传统INC 0.055 0 0.013 5 0.015 5 136.28 139.05 140.64
改进INC 0.009 0 0.002 0 0.004 5 139.60 139.15 140.85
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基于变步长不完全偏微分电导增量法的MPPT控制
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毛琳 , 任正云
电源学报 | 新能源系统 2025,23(2): 125-132
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电源学报 | 新能源系统 2025, 23(2): 125-132
基于变步长不完全偏微分电导增量法的MPPT控制
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毛琳 , 任正云
作者信息
  • 东华大学信息科学与技术学院,上海 201620
  • 毛琳(1999— ),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:光伏MPPT控制算法。E-mail:

通讯作者:

任正云(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:非线性模型预测控制、组合积分系统先进控制。E-mail:
MPPT Control Based on Variable Step Size Incomplete Partial Differential Incremental Conductance Method
Lin MAO , Zhengyun REN
Affiliations
  • College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.125
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针对传统最大功率点跟踪算法无法兼顾追踪速度和稳态振荡的问题,提出1种步长可变的改进电导增量法。该改进电导增量法使用分区变步长提高最大功率点追踪速度,同时利用不完全偏微分理论优化稳态振荡的问题,提高了光伏发电的效率。通过将传统控制算法和改进电导增量法进行对比分析,验证了改进电导增量法的可行性和有效性。

光伏系统  /  最大功率点跟踪算法  /  改进型电导增量法  /  不完全偏微分

An improved incremental conductance method with a variable step size is proposed to solve the problem that the traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm cannot strike a balance between the tracking speed and steady-state oscillation. The MPPT speed can be increased by the improved incremental conductance method using a zonal variable step size. Meanwhile, the steady-state oscillation problem is optimized by using the incomplete partial differential theory, thus improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the improved incremental conductance method is verified by comparing the traditional control algorithm with the improved incremental conductance method.

Photovoltaic system  /  maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm  /  improved incremental conductance method  /  incomplete partial differential
毛琳, 任正云. 基于变步长不完全偏微分电导增量法的MPPT控制. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.125
Lin MAO, Zhengyun REN. MPPT Control Based on Variable Step Size Incomplete Partial Differential Incremental Conductance Method[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.125
当今社会对能源的需求量与日俱增,不可再生资源被不断发掘和利用,能源危机日益紧迫,可持续、清洁的可再生能源前景广阔。光伏电池具有非线性特征,且易受外界环境的影响,使光伏电池无法稳定运行在最大功率点,需要研究最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)[1-4]技术,以减少功率损耗。
目前常用的MPPT控制算法有基于参数选择的恒定电压法、基于采样数据的扰动观察法P&O (perturbation & observation)和电导增量法INC (incremental conductance),以及传统变步长扰动观察法和电导增量法。恒定电压法的控制方法易于实现,但忽略了温度和光照的影响;扰动观察法[5]使用参数少,易于实现,但无法稳定运行在最大功率点,且当环境突变时容易发生误判现象;电导增量法[6]稳态精度高,但难以兼顾追踪速度和稳态精度,变步长电导增量法[7]在一定程度上改善了此问题。诸多学者基于电导增量法进行改进[8-11],文献[12]在变步长的基础上增加了对跟踪比例系数的控制,但是此方法对跟踪比例系数的选择有要求,追踪速度和稳态精度也并未达到最优。
随着更多新颖算法的发展,智能算法[13-14]也被应用到光伏MPPT控制算法中。文献[15]利用反向传播BP(back propagation)神经网络预测最大功率点,但是BP神经网络需要大量数据计算,导致运行效率低,增加工业成本;文献[16]利用改进粒子群算法实现阴影情况下的最大功率点跟踪,但是该方法容易陷入局部峰值。上述智能算法控制策略复杂,不易于工业上的实现。
针对传统电导增量法存在的问题,本文提出了1种基于变步长不完全偏微分电导增量法的光伏MPPT算法。利用P-U曲线的斜率来区分步长大小,大大提高了追踪速度;利用不完全微分来解决理想电导微分$\Delta I/\Delta U$带来的噪声,有效减小了系统振荡。
在理想状态下,光伏电池等效模型如图1所示。图中:${I}_{ph}$为光子在光伏电池中激发的电流;${I}_{\text{d}}$为流经PN结二极管的电流;${R}_{\text{s}}$为串联电阻;${R}_{\text{sh}}$为旁漏电阻。
通过光伏电池的等效电路模型,得到光伏电池输出电压、电流的关系为
$\begin{array}{l}I={I}_{\text{ph}}-{I}_{\text{d}}-{I}_{\text{sh}}\text{=}\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }{I}_{\text{ph}}-{I}_{\text{o}}\left\{\mathrm{exp}\left[\frac{q(U+I{R}_{\text{s}})}{AKT}-1\right]\right\}-\frac{U+I{R}_{\text{s}}}{{R}_{\text{sh}}}\end{array}$
式中:${I}_{\text{sh}}$为经过旁漏电阻的电流;q为单位电荷;${I}_{\text{o}}$为二极管反向电流;A为二极管的品质因数;K为玻尔兹曼常数;T为光伏电池板的表面温度。
根据光伏电池数学模型搭建Simulink模型,设置参数为开路电压${U}_{\text{oc}}$=22 V,短路电流${I}_{\text{sc}}$=8.58 A,最大功率点处电压${U}_{\text{m}}$=17.7 V,最大功率点处电流${I}_{\text{m}}$=7.94 A。光伏电池的输出特性曲线会受到外界环境的影响,如环境温度和光照强度,如图2所示。
图2(a)(b)是当固定光照为1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$时,改变环境温度为20、25、45 ℃下的光伏电池特性曲线。图2(c)(d)是固定环境温度为25 ℃时,改变光照强度为800、1 000、1 200 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$下的光伏电池特性曲线。可见:当光照强度不变时,环境温度越高,短路电流越大,开路电压越小,最大功率点mpp处电压越小;当环境温度不变时,光照强度越大,短路电流越大,开路电压也越大,最大功率点mpp处电压相近。
由光伏电池的P-U特性曲线可知,最大功率点位于曲线波峰处,此时曲线的斜率为0,则有
$\frac{\text{d}P}{\text{d}U}=I+U\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}=0$
移项可得
$\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}=-\frac{I}{U}$
传统电导增量法的控制策略流程如图3所示。
电导增量法根据瞬时电导与电导变化量负值的大小决定电压的扰动方向。当dI/dU>-I/U时,工作点位于最大功率点左侧;当dI/dU=-I/U时,工作点位于最大功率点处;当dI/dU<-I/U时,工作点位于最大功率点右侧。电压扰动方向的判断条件为
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll} U(k+1)=U(k)+\Delta U & \frac{\mathrm{~d} I}{\mathrm{~d} U}>-\frac{I}{U} \\ U(k+1)=U(k) & \frac{\mathrm{d} I}{\mathrm{~d} U}=-\frac{I}{U} \\ U(k+1)=U(k)-\Delta U & \frac{\mathrm{~d} I}{\mathrm{~d} U}<-\frac{I}{U} \end{array}\right.$
式中,k为某一时刻。
不完全微分的概念源于不完全微分比例-积分-微分控制PID(proportional-integral-derivative)[17-18]。不完全微分PID即在PID算法中加入1个一阶惯性环节,其传递函数为
$G(s)=\frac{1}{1+{T}_{\text{f}}s}$
式中,${T}_{\text{f}}$为惯性系数。
微分部分的输入、输出关系为
${y}_{\text{D}}(s)=\frac{{K}_{\text{D}}{T}_{\text{D}}s}{{T}_{\text{f}}s+1}x(s)$
式中:${y}_{\text{D}}$为微分输出;${K}_{\text{D}}$为微分增益;${T}_{\text{D}}$为微分时间常数;x为微分输入。
令式(6)中的${K}_{\text{D}}$=1,${T}_{\text{D}}$=1 s,取采样时间为$T_{s}$,将式(6)离散化为
${y}_{\text{D}}(k)+{T}_{\text{f}}\frac{{y}_{\text{D}}(k)-{y}_{\text{D}}(k-1)}{{T}_{\text{s}}}=\frac{x(k)-x(k-1)}{{T}_{\text{s}}}$
由式(7)可得
${y}_{\text{D}}(k)=\alpha {y}_{\text{D}}(k-1)+b(1-\alpha )[x(k)-x(k-1)]$
式中:$\alpha =\frac{{T}_{\text{f}}}{{T}_{\text{s}}+{T}_{\text{f}}}$$b=\frac{1}{{T}_{\text{s}}}$
${y}_{\text{D}}$的原函数记为$y{y}_{\text{D}}$,则
${y}_{\text{D}}(k)=\frac{\partial y{y}_{\text{D}}(k)}{\partial t}=\frac{\Delta y{y}_{\text{D}}(k)}{{T}_{\text{s}}}$
将式(9)代入式(8),整理得
$\Delta y{y}_{\text{D}}(k)=\alpha \Delta y{y}_{\text{D}}(k-1)+(1-\alpha )\Delta x$
式中:$\Delta y{y}_{\text{D}}$为数学意义上的不完全微分;Δx=x(k)- x(k-1)。
将电流对电压的不完全偏微分定义为
$\Delta IV(k)=\alpha \Delta IV(k-1)+(1-\alpha )\frac{\Delta I}{\Delta U}$
式中,$\Delta I V(k)$为电流对电压的不完全偏微分,与完全偏微分dI/dU$(\Delta I/\Delta U)$对应。
电导增量法的原理本质上是扰动观察法的改进,虽然稳态振荡的问题得到了较好的解决,但是与扰动观察法相比,其追踪速度降低了很多。图4为传统P&O和传统INC方法在同等条件下的功率输出对比曲线,设置此时环境温度为25 ℃,光照强度为1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$,仿真时间为0.3 s。在同等条件下,传统P&O能更快地找到最大功率点,但是系统振荡较大;传统INC在找到最大功率点后几乎没有系统振荡,但不能兼顾追踪速度。
针对传统INC无法同时兼顾追踪速度和稳态振荡的问题,本文首先利用恒定电压法根据最大输出电压与开路电压在环境变化较小情况下存在一定线性关系,即${U}_{\text{m}}=0.7{U}_{\text{oc}}$,快速启动到最大功率点附近,靠近最大功率点时则采用改进电导增量法。当光伏工作电压位于最大功率点左侧,即ΔPU > 0 时,以当前工作电压与$0.7{U}_{\text{oc}}$的大小关系判断当前工作电压是否远离最大功率点;当光伏工作电压位于最大功率点右侧,即ΔPU<0时,经过计算远离最大功率点时P-U曲线斜率均大于5,则当|ΔPU|≥5时,工作电压远离最大功率点处,当|ΔPU|<5时,工作电压靠近最大功率点处。
改进电导增量法进一步利用P-U曲线的斜率来区分步长大小,提高追踪速度,即
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {U}_{1}=0.10    \left|\frac{\Delta P}{\Delta U}\right|>e\\ \Delta {U}_{2}=0.01    0<\left|\frac{\Delta P}{\Delta U}\right|<e\end{array}\right.$
式中,$\Delta {U}_{1}、\Delta {U}_{2}$分别为大步长、小步长。
取1.5≤e≤2.5,由P-U特性曲线可知,越靠近最大功率点,曲线斜率越趋于平稳。若e取值偏大,会降低最大功率点追踪速度;若e取值偏小,大步长会使工作电压跃过最大输出电压,增加系统振荡次数。
因为理想微分的存在容易产生系统振荡,所以当P-U曲线斜率|ΔPU|较小,即在最大功率点附近时,输出功率曲线无法稳定运行在最大功率点处。不完全偏微分具有良好的滤波功能,可以避免理想微分带来的系统振荡。改进INC在原固定小步长$\Delta U_{2}$中结合完全微分和不完全偏微分的判断条件,自适应扰动步长的判断条件为
$\Delta U_{20}=\left[\delta \operatorname{sgn}\left(C_{1}\right)+(1-\delta) \operatorname{sgn}\left(C_{2}\right)\right] \Delta U_{2}$
式中:${C}_{1}\text{ }=\text{ }\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}\text{ }+\text{ }\frac{I}{U}$${C}_{2}\text{ }=\text{ }\Delta IV\text{ }+\text{ }\frac{I}{U}$$\mathrm{sgn}({C}_{1})=\left\{\begin{array}{l}1\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}+\frac{I}{U}>0\\ 0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}+\frac{I}{U}=0\\ -1\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\frac{\text{d}I}{\text{d}U}+\frac{I}{U}<0\end{array}\right.$$\mathrm{sgn}({C}_{2})=\left\{\begin{array}{l}1\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\Delta IV+\frac{I}{U}>0\\ 0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\Delta IV+\frac{I}{U}=0\\ -1\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\Delta IV+\frac{I}{U}<0\end{array}\right.$
取0.55≤δ≤0.65,由完全偏微分和不完全偏微分同时决定扰动步长的方向和大小。若$\delta$取值过小,不完全偏微分比重过大,会导致系统振荡次数增加;若$\delta$取值过大,不完全偏微分比重过小,不能较好地解决理想微分带来的系统振荡。改进电导增量法的控制策略流程如图5所示。
为验证所提改进电导增量法的有效性,在MATLAB/Simulink平台中搭建光伏电池模块、Boost电路模块及MPPT控制算法模块,如图6所示。Boost电路参数见表1
固定环境温度为25 ℃,光照强度为1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$e=2,δ=0.6。在同等仿真条件下,将传统P&O、传统INC、改进INC进行对比分析,光伏电池输出功率及输出电压曲线如图7所示。可见,传统P&O在0.002 s达到最大功率点,但系统振荡较大,传统INC和改进INC分别在0.055和0.009 s达到最大功率点并保持稳定。传统P&O电压振荡幅度在15.30~19.39 V之间,传统INC在找到最大功率点后产生的电压振荡幅度在17.82~17.98 V之间,改进INC产生的电压振荡幅度在17.90~17.96 V之间。
为研究不同控制算法下光照强度对光伏电池输出特性的影响,在仿真过程中,固定环境温度为25 ℃,令光照强度在0.1 s时从1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$突升为1 500 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$,在0.2 s时从1 500 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$突降为800 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$。在同等仿真条件下,将传统P&O、传统INC、改进INC进行对比分析,光伏电池输出功率及输出电压曲线如图8所示。
图8可以看出,当光照强度为1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$时,传统P&O在0.002 0 s即可达到最大功率点,但系统振荡较大,传统INC和改进INC达到最大功率点分别耗时0.055 0 s和0.009 0 s。在0.1 s时光照强度从1 000 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$突升为1 500 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$,传统P&O在0.102 0 s时重新找到最大功率点,传统INC和改进INC重新找到最大功率点并保持稳定分别耗时0.011 0 s和0.003 0 s。在光照强度突增时,传统INC下输出电压会突增到22.02 V,然后稳定在19.45 V附近;改进INC下输出电压会突增到22.01 V,然后稳定在19.50 V附近。在0.2 s时光照强度从1 500 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$突降为800 $\text{W}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}$,传统P&O在0.201 0 s重新找到最大功率点并产生振荡,传统INC和改进INC重新找到最大功率点并保持稳定分别耗时0.018 5 s和0.005 5 s。为更加直观对比不同控制算法下输出功率的准确性,计算了3种MPPT算法仿真的平均输出功率,见表2
为了研究不同控制算法下环境温度对光伏电池输出特性的影响,固定光照强度为1 000 W·m-2,令环境温度在0.1 s时从25 ℃突升为45 ℃,在0.2 s时从45 ℃突降为20 ℃。在同等仿真条件下,将传统P&O、传统INC、改进INC进行对比分析,光伏电池输出功率及输出电压曲线如图9所示。
图9可以看出,当环境温度为25 ℃时,传统P&O在0.002 0 s即可达到最大功率点,但系统振荡较大,传统INC和改进INC达到最大功率点耗时0.055 0 s和0.009 0 s。在0.1 s时环境温度从25 ℃突升为45 ℃,传统P&O在0.101 0 s时重新找到最大功率点,传统INC和改进INC重新找到最大功率点并保持稳定分别耗时0.013 5 s和0.002 0 s。在0.2 s时环境温度从45 ℃突降为20 ℃,传统P&O在0.201 0 s重新找到最大功率点并产生振荡,传统INC和改进INC重新找到最大功率点并保持稳定分别耗时0.015 5 s和0.004 5 s。为更加直观对比输出功率的准确性,计算了3种MPPT算法仿真的平均输出功率,见表3
经计算,在外界环境条件改变的情况下,改进INC相比于传统INC最大功率点追踪耗时最多缩短了57.5%,最少缩短了33.6%,相比于传统P&O平均输出功率提升效率最大达到6.1%。由此可知,与传统P&O和传统INC相比,改进INC在光照强度突变和环境温度突变的情况下,均能够更快、更稳地再次追踪到最大功率点,且产生的功率振荡幅度和电压振荡幅度更小,减少了功率损失,提高了光伏电池的转换效率。
基于传统P&O和传统INC无法兼顾追踪速度和稳态振荡的问题,提出了1种基于变步长不完全偏微分电导增量法。改进INC首先通过P-U曲线斜率区分步长,以此来提高追踪速度,再利用不完全偏微分加入到小步长的判断条件中,来解决理想微分造成最大功率点附近振荡的问题。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建模型进行仿真,并在变光照强度的情况下,将传统P&O、传统INC和改进INC进行对比分析,结果表明,改进INC不仅能更快、更稳的达到最大功率点,而且功率损耗最小,提高了光伏发电的效率。
  • 安徽省教育厅重点资助项目(KJ2021A0866)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目
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2025年第23卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.125
  • 接收时间:2022-03-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-24
  • 修回日期:2022-05-06
  • 录用日期:2022-05-24
基金
Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2021A0866)
安徽省教育厅重点资助项目(KJ2021A0866)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目
作者信息
    东华大学信息科学与技术学院,上海 201620

通讯作者:

任正云(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:非线性模型预测控制、组合积分系统先进控制。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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