Article(id=1149844394938991093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.251, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645632000000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-24, revisedDate=1649952000000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-15, acceptedDate=1650556800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-22, onlineDate=1752073866828, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1738166400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752076373390, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073866828, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752073866828, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752073866828, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828028623066093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354709057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499536223, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=251, endPage=258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844395480056317, articleId=1149844394938991093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformer Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machine, columnId=1152281496422806390, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Reliability and Diagnostics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The traditional fault diagnosis methods for power transformers cannot detect the power faults accurately or ensure their normal operation. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method for power transformers based on wavelet packet transform and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. For the power signal collected from a power transformer, the improved minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform denoising is used to denoise, and the noise matrix is estimated by the weighted neighborhood mean method. After the estimation, the improved MNF transform is used to effectively realize image dimensionality reduction and denoising, extract the signal characteristics, and divide the signal into low- and high-frequency part by means of wavelet packet transform to obtain the wavelet packet energy feature vector. The obtained wavelet packet energy feature vector is input into an SVM classifier, and the output results from the SVM classifier are used to realize the state recognition and fault diagnosis of power transformer. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose the faults in the power transformer, such as iron core short-circuit, coil interlayer short-circuit, bushing-to-ground breakdown, coil insulation resistance drop and bushing-to-bushing discharge, and the fault diagnosis accuracy was higher than 98.5%.

, correspAuthors=Lijia REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Daoyou HUANG, Lijia REN, Jian KANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149844431282635348, articleId=1149844394938991093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法, columnId=1149830372659262229, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=可靠性与诊断, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统电力变压器故障诊断方法无法实现电力故障准确检测并保证电力变压器正常运行的问题,提出1种小波包变换与支持向量机相结合的电力变压器故障诊断方法。对采集的电力变压器电力信号,利用改进最小噪声分离MNF(minimum noise fraction)变换实施去噪,并通过加权邻域均值法对噪声矩阵进行估计,利用改进的MNF变换有效实现图像降维、去噪处理,提取信号特征;利用小波包变换方法将信号分为低频部分与高频部分,以获取小波包能量特征向量,将所获取小波包能量特征向量输入支持向量机分类器中,利用支持向量机分类器输出结果,实现电力变压器状态识别和故障诊断。实验结果表明,所提方法可有效诊断电力变压器中的铁芯短路、线圈层间短路、套管对地击穿、线圈绝缘电阻下降和套管间放电等故障,故障诊断精度高于98.5%。

, correspAuthors=任丽佳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
任丽佳(1978— ),女,博士,讲师。研究方向:电网运行优化、电力系统分析、电网规划、输变电设备状态监测及状态维修。E-mail:
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黄道友(1968— ),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电网设备运检管理。E-mail:

康健(1981— ),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail:

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康健(1981— ),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail:

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journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394938991093, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of fault diagnosis result of power transformer among different methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障名称 失败次数 诊断故障次数
本文方法 概率信息方法 神经网络方法
铁芯短路 7 7 6 6
线圈层间短路 6 5 4 4
套管对地击穿 4 4 4 4
线圈绝缘电阻下降 3 3 2 3
套管间放电 8 8 6 6
), ArticleFig(id=1205931306559533504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394938991093, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同方法对电力变压器故障诊断结果的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障名称 失败次数 诊断故障次数
本文方法 概率信息方法 神经网络方法
铁芯短路 7 7 6 6
线圈层间短路 6 5 4 4
套管对地击穿 4 4 4 4
线圈绝缘电阻下降 3 3 2 3
套管间放电 8 8 6 6
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小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法
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黄道友 1 , 任丽佳 2 , 康健 1
电源学报 | 可靠性与诊断 2025,23(1): 251-258
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电源学报 | 可靠性与诊断 2025, 23(1): 251-258
小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法
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黄道友1 , 任丽佳2 , 康健1
作者信息
  • 1 国网安徽省电力有限公司设备部,合肥 230022
  • 2 上海工程技术大学电子电气工程学院,上海 201620
  • 黄道友(1968— ),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电网设备运检管理。E-mail:

    康健(1981— ),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail:

通讯作者:

任丽佳(1978— ),女,博士,讲师。研究方向:电网运行优化、电力系统分析、电网规划、输变电设备状态监测及状态维修。E-mail:
Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformer Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machine
Daoyou HUANG1 , Lijia REN2 , Jian KANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Equipment Department, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei 230022, China
  • 2 College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
出版时间: 2025-01-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.251
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针对传统电力变压器故障诊断方法无法实现电力故障准确检测并保证电力变压器正常运行的问题,提出1种小波包变换与支持向量机相结合的电力变压器故障诊断方法。对采集的电力变压器电力信号,利用改进最小噪声分离MNF(minimum noise fraction)变换实施去噪,并通过加权邻域均值法对噪声矩阵进行估计,利用改进的MNF变换有效实现图像降维、去噪处理,提取信号特征;利用小波包变换方法将信号分为低频部分与高频部分,以获取小波包能量特征向量,将所获取小波包能量特征向量输入支持向量机分类器中,利用支持向量机分类器输出结果,实现电力变压器状态识别和故障诊断。实验结果表明,所提方法可有效诊断电力变压器中的铁芯短路、线圈层间短路、套管对地击穿、线圈绝缘电阻下降和套管间放电等故障,故障诊断精度高于98.5%。

小波包变换  /  电力变压器  /  故障诊断  /  支持向量机

The traditional fault diagnosis methods for power transformers cannot detect the power faults accurately or ensure their normal operation. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method for power transformers based on wavelet packet transform and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. For the power signal collected from a power transformer, the improved minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform denoising is used to denoise, and the noise matrix is estimated by the weighted neighborhood mean method. After the estimation, the improved MNF transform is used to effectively realize image dimensionality reduction and denoising, extract the signal characteristics, and divide the signal into low- and high-frequency part by means of wavelet packet transform to obtain the wavelet packet energy feature vector. The obtained wavelet packet energy feature vector is input into an SVM classifier, and the output results from the SVM classifier are used to realize the state recognition and fault diagnosis of power transformer. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose the faults in the power transformer, such as iron core short-circuit, coil interlayer short-circuit, bushing-to-ground breakdown, coil insulation resistance drop and bushing-to-bushing discharge, and the fault diagnosis accuracy was higher than 98.5%.

Wavelet packet transform  /  power transformer  /  fault diagnosis  /  support vector machine (SVM)
黄道友, 任丽佳, 康健. 小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (1) : 251 -258 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.251
Daoyou HUANG, Lijia REN, Jian KANG. Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformer Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machine[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (1) : 251 -258 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.251
电网技术发展迅速,当电路系统出现问题时,准确地对故障位置进行快速定位至关重要。一旦电网出现故障,大量的电网信息将报告发送给系统调度中心,这些电力系统信息报告不一定均准确,同时还可能存在漏报问题。这种情况容易影响电力工作调配人员对电力系统判断的准确度,因此,及早发现电力系统故障对于电力调度中心具有重要意义[1]
电力变压器故障诊断方法多种多样,如BP神经网络电力故障诊断方法、模糊数学判断方法及专家系统等。不同的电力变压器故障诊断方法均具有各自的优缺点。以专家系统为例,此系统核心电力故障研判规则为专家经验,电力变压器故障判断速度较慢[2];BP神经网络电力故障诊断方法的优点是可以处理缺少专家经验又难以准确判断电力变压器故障类型的情况,但无法适应大规模电网中的故障研判;模糊数学判断方法可以对大规模的电网故障进行判断,但是需要进行拓扑结构化深度训练,电力故障判断速度较差。以上方法存在的缺陷导致其无法适应未来电力系统运行和发展要求。
小波包变换方法的原理是利用小波包分解技术根据被分析信号的特征自适应地选择相应频带,使之与信号频谱相匹配,滤除干扰信号,得到实际的电力系统信号带。因此,大部分电力系统中的故障信号检测可应用此技术。文献[3]方法利用小波包分解获取振动信号的小波包节点特征;文献[4]方法通过大数据技术的电网故障数据提取,实现变压器故障检测;文献[5]方法利用小波包分解提取电网故障信号,采用希尔伯特变换机进行电力信号包络重构,通过能量算法实现电网故障信号FFT变换,有效诊断出电力系统内设备故障缺陷。电网故障诊断技术发展十分迅速,但由于各种实际问题,导致电力变压器故障诊断存在困难性[6-8]。一般来说,电力系统数据采集的准确性、系统开关柜数据信息、断电自动保护等问题将会严重影响电力系统的稳定运行,使得传统诊断方法无法实现电力故障准确检测。
因此,本文研究小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法,利用小波包变换电力系统信号进行降噪处理;然后,提取电力信号中的非稳态信号,设计电力故障信号分类器,结合小波包变换与支持向量机再次处理降噪后信号;最后,提取此时电力信号故障特征值,实现电力变压器的故障诊断。实验测试表明所提方法诊断电力系统误差的输出误差较低,诊断性能较高,可实现电力变压器故障的精准诊断,具有较强的应用性。
利用改进最小噪声分离MNF(minimum noise fraction)变换对电力系统变压器图像中存在的噪声进行降维去噪MNF处理,具体步骤如下。
步骤1 将电力系统变压器图像中包含的全部噪声进行高斯滤波处理,获取噪声协方差矩阵${\Sigma }_{n}$
步骤2 计算步骤1中协方差矩阵${\Sigma }_{n}$的特征值及特征向量$P$,通过$\lambda $组成对角矩阵[9],表示为$\Delta $,由$P$组成的矩阵记为$E$
步骤3 获取${\Sigma }_{n}$的白化矩阵$F$,即
$F=E{\Delta }^{-\frac{1}{2}}$
步骤4 计算噪声白化后,获取观测数据${F}^{\text{T}}Z$的协方差矩阵,即
${\Sigma }_{n}=\left\{\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{cov}({F}^{\text{T}}Z)\\ {F}^{\text{T}}{\Sigma }_{Z}F\end{array}\right.$
步骤5 利用${\Sigma }_{n}$获取特征值及特征向量,将全部的特征值组建对角矩阵,表示为$\Lambda $,其中对应特征向量组成的矩阵表示为$G$
步骤6 $G$作用到${F}^{\text{T}}Z$的各像元上,${G}^{\text{T}}{F}^{\text{T}}Z$代表经过MNF变换后得到的图像[10]
经过变换后,向量中全部元素均单一存在,但由于第一分量中聚集了大量信息,导致图像质量会受到一定程度的影响[11-12]。为了有效弥补整个算法的局限性[13],通过加权邻域均值法对噪声矩阵进行估计,对目标像元领域内8个像元赋予相同的权值,有效增强背景噪声在邻域矩阵中所占的比例,采用目标像元和邻域值之间的差值进行噪声提取。
采用的权值为各像素到均值像素之间距离的倒数,可表示为
${q}_{i}=\frac{1}{(1+‖{r}_{i}-p‖)}   i=1,2,\cdots,N$
式中:${r}_{i}$为图像中不同像素点i的光谱数量;N为像素点总数;$p$为背景检测过程中的光谱总数,表示为
$p=\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{N}{q}_{i}}{r}_{i}}{{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{N}{q}_{i}}}$
邻域差值可表示为
${p}_{\text{w}}=\frac{1}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{N}{w}_{i}\cdot \text{d}{X}_{r,p}^{(i)}}$
式中:${w}_{i}$为对邻域内像元赋予的权重;$\text{d}{X}_{r,p}^{(i)}$为不同像元处的差值,表示为
$\text{d}{X}_{r,p}^{(i)}={r}_{i}-{p}_{\text{w}}$
综合上述分析,主要通过$\text{d}X$对噪声进行评估。
设定变压器图像目标的向量为r,背景的均值向量为$\mu ,$背景的协方差矩阵为C,则有
${\delta }_{RX}(r)={(r-\mu )}^{\text{T}}{C}^{-1}(r-\mu )\left\{\begin{array}{l}\ge \eta \text{ }(\text{with},\text{target})\\ <\eta \text{ }\text{ }(\text{with},\text{target})\end{array}\right.$
式中:${\delta }_{RX}(r)$为基于差异和协方差的噪声评估量;$\eta $为设定的噪声评估量阈值。
在上述分析的基础上,分别赋予邻域内各像元1个特定取值,有效增强背景像元在领域矩阵的比值,有效抑制噪声[14]。同时,还需结合差值有效提取电力变压器图像中的噪声信息,利用改进的MNF变换有效实现图像的降维和去噪。
为了实现故障诊断,需要对电力变压器信号特征进行提取。利用小波包变换方法将电网通信信号分为低频信号与高频信号,实现信号特征分离,并将得到的高频信号进行迭代分解,实现多次电网信号解析[15-16],得到更为准确的信号特征提取结果。
电力系统电力信号的特征空间为${U}_{j}^{n}$n为高频特征函数子空间${U}_{n}(t)$的1个参数,将高频特征函数子空间用${U}_{n}(t)$表示,假设电力系统高频特征信号分离函数${g}_{j}^{n}(t)\in {U}_{j}^{n}$,此时${g}_{j}^{n}(t)$可表示为
${g}_{j}^{n}(t)\text{=}{\displaystyle \sum _{l}{d}_{i}^{j,n}{u}_{n}({2}^{j}t-l)}$
式中:${d}_{i}^{j,n}$为高频特征信号;j为具体层数;$l$为缩放因子;${u}_{n}$为高频特征函数子空间${U}_{n}(t)$中的第$t$个解。
小波包分解算法:由信号$\left\{{d}_{l}^{j+1,n}\right\}$求信号$\left\{{d}_{l}^{j,2n}\right\}$与信号$\left\{{d}_{l}^{j,2n+1}\right\}$,即
${d}_{l}^{j,2n}={\displaystyle \sum _{k}{a}_{k-2l}{d}_{k}^{j+1,n}}$
${d}_{l}^{j,2n+1}={\displaystyle \sum _{k}{b}_{k-2l}{d}_{k}^{j+1,n}}$
式中:${a}_{k-2l}$为电力系统高频信号与低频信号的分割状态;${b}_{k-2l}$为电力系统的各信号最大分解层数。利用小波包重构进行电力高频信号畸变重构,得到
${d}_{l}^{j+1,n}={\displaystyle \sum _{k}\left[{h}_{l-2k}{d}_{k}^{j,2n}+{g}_{l-2k}{d}_{k}^{j,2n+1}\right]}$
式中:${h}_{l-2k}$为低频信号高斯分布特征函数;${g}_{l-2k}$为高频信号高斯分布特征函数。
当电力系统中存在变压器故障及通信故障时,高频信号振动缓慢变化,信号带有的能量能够减少到一定范围内,得出电力系统信号最优阈值为
${E}_{j,r}={\displaystyle \int {\left|{S}_{j,r}(t)\right|}^{2}}\text{d}t={\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{m}{\left|{x}_{j,r}^{k}\right|}^{2}}$
式中:${S}_{j,r}$为编码阈值;${x}_{j,r}^{k}$为电力系统中的脉冲峰值;r为滤波分解层数,$r=1,2,\cdots,{2}^{j}{}^{-1}$$k$为局部回路信号最优系数,$k=1,2,\cdots,m$
计算小波包特征函数$s(k)$的耗能,即
$E={\displaystyle \sum _{r=0}^{{2}^{j}-1}{E}_{j,r}}$
根据电力信号能量特征值获得小波包重构矩阵,通过数据预处理得出简化后的矩阵函数为
${q}_{j,r}={E}_{j,r}\text{/}E$
定义相对小波包的能量特征向量为
${K}_{i}=({q}_{j,0},{q}_{j,1},\cdots,{q}_{j,({2}^{j}-1)})$
根据1.2节电力变压器信号特征提取结果,结合支持向量机进行电力变压器故障信号诊断,利用回归分析实现电力信号回归预测故障数据,构建监督学习模型进行电力采集数据空间映射点分割,确定电力故障数据时间类别。
假设分类线的平面方程为
$w\cdot x+b=0$
式中:$w$为权重向量;$x$为输入特征向量;$b$为截距。
利用电力数据归一化实现样本数据线性分块,此时,电力数据样本集为$({x}_{i,}{y}_{i})(i=1,2,\cdots,n),x\in $${R}^{d}$(dx包含的元素个数,用以明确x的维度),${y}_{i}\in \{1,-1\}$满足分类定义
${y}_{i}(w\cdot {x}_{i}+b)\ge 1$
当高频函数分割函数特征维度为$2\text{/}‖w‖$,分割函数特征维度为${‖w‖}^{2}$时,得到信号最佳分类尺度。当电力数据样本集满足电力系统信号最小特征维度时,能够获得最佳支持向量$H$
支持向量机最初是针对二值分类问题提出的,当支持向量机应用于电力变压器故障诊断时,属于多分类问题识别[17],需将多分类问题转化为二值分类问题进行支持向量机训练,即支持向量机每次将其中的一类数据作为1个类别,其余数据划分为其他类别。
在通过支持向量机得到电力故障数据时间类别后,利用小波包去噪方法对电力系统进行故障分析,通过对输电信号参数进行规范化处理,得到不同状态的模式识别。此时,电力变压器故障诊断流程如图1所示,电力变压器故障诊断具体过程如下:
(1)依据固定采样频率、采样电力系统不同设备信号,获取电网通信信号作为支持向量机样本;
(2)对不同状态下的各输入信号进行小波包分解[18],分解层数为$m$,获取2m个不同频带的分量;
(3)计算每个频带分量的能量,为便于分析,对其进行归一化处理,设
$E={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{{2}^{m}}{E}_{i}}$
则有
${E}^{\prime }=\left[{E}_{1}\text{/}E,\cdots,{E}_{i}\text{/}E,\cdots,{E}_{{2}^{m}}\text{/}E\right]$
式中,${E}^{\prime }$为支持向量机的输入。
(4)建立由4个支持向量机组成的多分类器,将电力系统不同状态模式的不同频带分量能量特征参数作为支持向量机输入参数进行训练[19-20]
(5)采集电力变压器电力测试信号,如差模噪声和共模噪声,在低于200 kHz宽带频谱范围内,根据以上步骤获取特征向量,并将其作为支持向量机的输入,利用支持向量机分类器的输出进行电力系统状态识别和故障诊断。
为验证所研究电力变压器故障诊断方法诊断电力变压器故障的有效性,本文搭建IEEE 14节点的电力变压器实验平台,如图2所示。实验参数设置如下:直流电压为400 V,电容为0.008 F。选取某电力公司的电力变压器作为测试对象,采用数据采集传感器采集变压器的故障数据(采样时间为1×10-4 s)进行典型故障场景的诊断分析。由图2可见,IEEE 14节点中存在14个节点,B01~B14为节点母线号,电力变压器共有40个断路器和20条线路,1条线路连接2个断路器。为方便分析,将上述线路进行标号,如将与母线9和14连接的线路编号为L0914,对应图2标记的断路器分别为CB0914和CB1409。
基于图2验证所研究基于小波包变换的电力变压器故障诊断方法的实际应用效果,以IEEE 14节点中的B01~B10作为验证节点,小波包变换训练后的预测结果如图3所示。
图3可知,在小波包变换训练后,将节点训练数据作为输入代入已训练好的电力系统时,仅有2个节点与实际结果有所差别。选取概率信息方法及神经网络方法作为对比方法,统计采用3种方法诊断电力变压器线圈层间短路故障在不同训练步数情况下的输出误差,对比结果如图4所示。
图4可以看出,本文所提小波包变换与支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断方法,诊断电力变压器故障的输出误差明显低于概率信息方法和神经网络方法。这是因为本文所提方法采用支持向量机方法作为诊断模型,而支持向量机方法具有较高的分类性能,故此诊断电力系统误差的输出误差较低,诊断性能较高。
采用3种方法诊断该电力系统在2019年1月1日—2019年6月30日之间的各类故障,诊断结果见表1
表1可以看出,本文所提方法诊断电力系统不同类型故障的诊断准确度高于其他2种方法。对于铁芯短路故障,当出现7次此问题时,本文所提方法检测出7次故障,而概率信息方法与神经网络方法均检测出6次故障;对于线圈层间短路故障,当出现6次此问题时,所提方法检测出5次故障,概率信息方法检测出4次故障;对于套管间放电故障,当出现8次此问题时,所提方法检测出8次故障,神经网络方法检测出6次故障。综上可见:所提方法选取小波包变化方法提取故障特征,可保证故障信息的正确性及完整性;所提方法诊断电力变压器故障,可有效避免漏报、误报等情况对诊断结果的影响,提高故障诊断的准确性。
统计采用3种方法诊断电力变压器故障的诊断精度及响应速度,对比结果如图5所示。
图5实验结果可见:采用本文方法诊断电力变压器故障,不同故障的诊断精度均高于98.5%,而概率信息方法及神经网络方法的诊断精度均低于98.5%;采用本文方法诊断电力变压器故障,诊断电力系统不同故障的诊断响应时间均低于200 ms,而概率信息方法及神经网络方法的诊断响应时间均高于400 ms。综上可见,采用本文方法诊断电力变压器故障的诊断精度明显高于另2种方法,诊断响应时间均低于另2种方法。相比于概率信息方法及神经网络方法,对比结果有效验证了本文所提方法在诊断电力变压器故障方面具有优越的诊断性能及较强的应用性。
电力变压器故障诊断有助于维持电力系统安全运行,本文提出1种小波包变换与支持向量机相结合的电力变压器故障诊断方法。通过实验得出,本文所提方法诊断电力变压器不同故障的诊断精度均高于98.5%,可有效避免漏报、误报等情况对诊断结果的影响,因此具有优越的诊断性能和较强的应用性,能够广泛应用于电网系统故障检测。所提方法不仅可以精准诊断电力变压器故障,还可快速定位故障位置,通用性强。
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2025年第23卷第1期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.251
  • 接收时间:2022-02-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-24
  • 修回日期:2022-04-15
  • 录用日期:2022-04-22
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    1 国网安徽省电力有限公司设备部,合肥 230022
    2 上海工程技术大学电子电气工程学院,上海 201620

通讯作者:

任丽佳(1978— ),女,博士,讲师。研究方向:电网运行优化、电力系统分析、电网规划、输变电设备状态监测及状态维修。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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