Article(id=1149844394251088493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.179, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1654617600000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-08, revisedDate=1666368000000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-22, acceptedDate=1669046400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-22, onlineDate=1752073866665, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752075833219, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073866665, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752073866665, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752073866665, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=179, endPage=187, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844394578244208, articleId=1149844394251088493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Anti-offset Method for WPT System Based on Constant-voltage Output Interval Tracking, columnId=1152281494212408178, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Wireless Power Transfer, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An anti-offset method for a wireless power transmission (WPT) system based on constant-voltage output interval tracking is proposed to deal with the problem of output voltage fluctuation when the coupling mechanism in the WPT system is shifted. First, a model of a CLC-S WPT system is established, and the relationship between the mutual inductance and output voltage gain in resonant and non-resonant states of the system is analyzed. Based on the analysis, it is found that the system has a stronger anti-offset capability in the constant-voltage output interval when it works in the non-resonant state. Second, an inductance compensation sequence is designed, and a constant-voltage output interval tracking control strategy is proposed to realize the constant output voltage control of the WPT system and improve its anti-offset capability. Finally, a simulation model and a test platform were built, and simulation and experimental results show that the constant-voltage output interval tracking control strategy can effectively reduce the output voltage fluctuation, thus verifying the robustness of the system under strong mutual inductance interference. Compared with the WPT system without constant-voltage output interval tracking, the CLC-S WPT system has a better dynamic regulation capability of output voltage.

, correspAuthors=Wencong HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wencong HUANG, Xuanyan JIANG, Yufang CHANG, Haidong TAN, Zhenhao ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149844453092978716, articleId=1149844394251088493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法, columnId=1149830138994647045, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=无线电能传输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对无线电能传输WPT(wireless power transmission)系统耦合机构发生偏移时,输出电压波动的问题,提出1种基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法。首先,建立CLC-S型WPT系统的模型,分析该系统在谐振和非谐振状态下的互感与输出电压增益之间的关系,由分析可知,系统工作在非谐振状态下的恒压输出区间内抗偏移能力更强;然后,设计电感补偿序列,提出恒压输出区间追踪控制策略,实现WPT系统输出电压恒定控制,提高系统的抗偏移能力;最后,搭建仿真模型和实验平台,仿真及实验结果均表明,采用恒压输出区间追踪控制策略,可以有效减小输出电压的波动,验证了系统在强互感干扰下的鲁棒性。相较于无恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统,所提系统具有更好的输出电压动态调节能力。

, correspAuthors=黄文聪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄文聪(1977— ),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动、无线电能传输、人工智能与智能制造技术。E-mail:
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蒋煊焱(2001— ),男,本科。研究方向:无线电能传输抗偏移研究。E-mail:

常雨芳(1980— ),女,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子、无线电能传输、微电网。E-mail:

谭海东(2001— ),男,本科。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

朱禛浩(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

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蒋煊焱(2001— ),男,本科。研究方向:无线电能传输抗偏移研究。E-mail:

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朱禛浩(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

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朱禛浩(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=A hybrid control method for achieving constant voltage output with LADRC and maximum efficiency tracking for IPT systems, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1205945150266733438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394251088493, awardId=61903129, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61903129), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945150392562565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394251088493, awardId=61903129, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(61903129), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945150530974608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394251088493, awardId=S202110500033, language=EN, fundingSource=Hubei Students’ Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202110500033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945150652609431, 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Intersection between voltage gain curve and error curve for each solution

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解/μH 左交点/μH 右交点/μH
13.5 12.3 17.3
15.0 15.5 23.6
16.0 17.2 25.4
17.0 19.2 29.3
18.0 28.5 44.5
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每个解的电压增益曲线和误差曲线的交点

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解/μH 左交点/μH 右交点/μH
13.5 12.3 17.3
15.0 15.5 23.6
16.0 17.2 25.4
17.0 19.2 29.3
18.0 28.5 44.5
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149830525791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394251088493, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
互感/μH 原边补偿
电感/μH
使用控制策略后的电压增益 使用控制策略前的电压增益
44.452 18.0 1.110 1.110
41.787 18.0 1.100 1.102
35.431 17.0 1.100 1.043
30.234 17.0 1.090 0.993
28.970 16.0 1.100 0.943
28.170 16.0 1.080 0.918
25.678 16.0 1.070 0.860
21.551 15.0 1.010 0.785
21.404 15.0 1.040 0.785
21.364 15.0 1.040 0.776
20.851 15.0 1.000 0.726
18.937 15.0 0.960 0.701
16.820 13.5 1.020 0.684
14.955 13.5 0.960 0.654
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150002492264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844394251088493, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
互感/μH 原边补偿
电感/μH
使用控制策略后的电压增益 使用控制策略前的电压增益
44.452 18.0 1.110 1.110
41.787 18.0 1.100 1.102
35.431 17.0 1.100 1.043
30.234 17.0 1.090 0.993
28.970 16.0 1.100 0.943
28.170 16.0 1.080 0.918
25.678 16.0 1.070 0.860
21.551 15.0 1.010 0.785
21.404 15.0 1.040 0.785
21.364 15.0 1.040 0.776
20.851 15.0 1.000 0.726
18.937 15.0 0.960 0.701
16.820 13.5 1.020 0.684
14.955 13.5 0.960 0.654
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基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法
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黄文聪 1, 2 , 蒋煊焱 1, 2 , 常雨芳 1, 2 , 谭海东 1, 2 , 朱禛浩 1, 2
电源学报 | 无线电能传输 2025,23(2): 179-187
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电源学报 | 无线电能传输 2025, 23(2): 179-187
基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法
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黄文聪1, 2 , 蒋煊焱1, 2 , 常雨芳1, 2 , 谭海东1, 2 , 朱禛浩1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 湖北工业大学太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430068
  • 2 湖北工业大学电气与电子工程学院,武汉 430068
  • 蒋煊焱(2001— ),男,本科。研究方向:无线电能传输抗偏移研究。E-mail:

    常雨芳(1980— ),女,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子、无线电能传输、微电网。E-mail:

    谭海东(2001— ),男,本科。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

    朱禛浩(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输。E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄文聪(1977— ),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动、无线电能传输、人工智能与智能制造技术。E-mail:
Anti-offset Method for WPT System Based on Constant-voltage Output Interval Tracking
Wencong HUANG1, 2 , Xuanyan JIANG1, 2 , Yufang CHANG1, 2 , Haidong TAN1, 2 , Zhenhao ZHU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System (Hubei University of Technology), Wuhan 430068, China
  • 2 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.179
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针对无线电能传输WPT(wireless power transmission)系统耦合机构发生偏移时,输出电压波动的问题,提出1种基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法。首先,建立CLC-S型WPT系统的模型,分析该系统在谐振和非谐振状态下的互感与输出电压增益之间的关系,由分析可知,系统工作在非谐振状态下的恒压输出区间内抗偏移能力更强;然后,设计电感补偿序列,提出恒压输出区间追踪控制策略,实现WPT系统输出电压恒定控制,提高系统的抗偏移能力;最后,搭建仿真模型和实验平台,仿真及实验结果均表明,采用恒压输出区间追踪控制策略,可以有效减小输出电压的波动,验证了系统在强互感干扰下的鲁棒性。相较于无恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统,所提系统具有更好的输出电压动态调节能力。

无线电能传输  /  CLC-S拓扑  /  恒压输出区间追踪  /  抗偏移

An anti-offset method for a wireless power transmission (WPT) system based on constant-voltage output interval tracking is proposed to deal with the problem of output voltage fluctuation when the coupling mechanism in the WPT system is shifted. First, a model of a CLC-S WPT system is established, and the relationship between the mutual inductance and output voltage gain in resonant and non-resonant states of the system is analyzed. Based on the analysis, it is found that the system has a stronger anti-offset capability in the constant-voltage output interval when it works in the non-resonant state. Second, an inductance compensation sequence is designed, and a constant-voltage output interval tracking control strategy is proposed to realize the constant output voltage control of the WPT system and improve its anti-offset capability. Finally, a simulation model and a test platform were built, and simulation and experimental results show that the constant-voltage output interval tracking control strategy can effectively reduce the output voltage fluctuation, thus verifying the robustness of the system under strong mutual inductance interference. Compared with the WPT system without constant-voltage output interval tracking, the CLC-S WPT system has a better dynamic regulation capability of output voltage.

Wireless power transmission (WPT)  /  CLC-S topology  /  constant-voltage output interval tracking  /  anti-offset
黄文聪, 蒋煊焱, 常雨芳, 谭海东, 朱禛浩. 基于恒压输出区间追踪的WPT系统抗偏移方法. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 179 -187 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.179
Wencong HUANG, Xuanyan JIANG, Yufang CHANG, Haidong TAN, Zhenhao ZHU. Anti-offset Method for WPT System Based on Constant-voltage Output Interval Tracking[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 179 -187 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.179
无线电能传输WPT(wireless power trans-mission)技术是一种借助磁场、电场、激光、微波等介质的无电气接触式能量传输方式。该技术克服了传统有线电能传输系统设备笨重、稳定性差、安全性差等问题,在智能设备、医疗器械、电动汽车等行业中具有极高的应用前景。但在无线电能传输过程中,系统耦合机构常会发生偏移现象,导致耦合机构之间的互感发生变化,从而导致系统输出电压发生波动。如何削弱耦合机构偏移带来的影响,成为促进无线电能传输技术推广的重要因素之一[1-7]
目前,针对WPT系统的抗偏移方法主要从电路参数优化[8-13]、电路拓扑结构[14-19]、控制方法[20-25]等方面进行了研究。电路参数优化方面,文献[8-12]提出了用优化算法对电路参数进行优化的方法,通过改变谐振网络的元件参数,改变系统的输出特性,提高了系统的抗偏移能力;文献[13]使用粒子群参数优化方法对系统参数进行优化,并使用DDQ结构消除了四线圈引起的交叉耦合。上述方法虽然使得系统的抗偏移能力得到了不同程度的提升,但是仅对电路参数进行优化,系统的抗偏移能力依旧有限。电路拓扑结构方面,文献[14-17]提出了T型复合拓扑结构,实现了恒压输出,但是其抗偏移特性只能维持在一定的互感范围;文献[18-19]分别提出了LCC-S型与S-LCC型混合拓扑电路、双边LCLC拓扑电路,在理想的状态下可以实现恒压输出,但是电路结构复杂,电路参数难以计算。在上述研究中,复合补偿拓扑结构虽然具有更好的恒压、恒流输出特性,但是其抗偏移能力受制于电路具体参数。控制方法方面,文献[20-21]分别设计了基于算子的积分滑模的控制方式、H∞控制系统结构2种非线性控制方法,提高了系统的鲁棒性;文献[22-25]分别设计一阶LADRC、基于遗传算法的PID控制策略2种线性控制策略对输出电压进行闭环控制,实现了恒压输出。然而,上述控制方法对WPT系统的抗偏移能力的提升并不显著。
为实现WPT系统在耦合机构发生偏移条件下恒定电压输出的控制需求,本研究提出1种基于恒压输出区间追踪控制的WPT系统抗偏移方法。首先,建立CLC-S型WPT系统的模型,分析该系统在谐振和非谐振状态下输出电压的特性,找到系统在非谐振状态下的恒压输出区间;然后,设计基于恒压输出区间追踪控制的抗偏移控制系统,在耦合机构发生各种偏移情况下,研究和分析控制系统参数优化算法;最后,采用恒压输出区间追踪控制策略,通过输出电压反馈实现输出电压的闭环控制。
CLC-S型WPT系统的拓扑结构如图1所示。图中,E为直流电压源,经过逆变电路(${\text{S}}_{\text{1}}{\text{~S}}_{\text{4}}$组成)逆变为高频交流电压${U}_{\text{in}}$。交流电压经过原边补偿电容${C}_{1}、{C}_{2}$、原边补偿电感${L}_{1}$转换为正弦交流电输入原边发射线圈${L}_{\text{P}}$产生变化磁场。副边接收线圈${L}_{\text{S}}$感应到磁场变化后产生交变电流,交变电流经过副边补偿电容${C}_{\text{S}}$后输入整流电路(${\text{D}}_{\text{1}}{\text{~D}}_{\text{4}}$组成),经过滤波电容${C}_{\text{f}}$后输出到负载${R}_{\text{L}}$M为耦合线圈的互感,${U}_{\text{O}}$为输出电压,${R}_{{L}_{\text{S}}}、{R}_{{L}_{\text{P}}}$为线圈内阻,${R}_{{L}_{\text{1}}}$为原边补偿电感${L}_{1}$的内阻,${I}_{1}、{I}_{2}、{I}_{3}$分别为${L}_{1}{C}_{1}$回路、${L}_{1}{C}_{2}{L}_{\text{P}}$回路、${L}_{\text{S}}{C}_{\text{S}}$回路的回路电流。
根据基尔霍夫电压定律KVL(Kirchhoff voltage law),可得电压方程组为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{j} \omega C_{1}}+\mathrm{j} \omega L_{1}+R_{L_{1}}\right) I_{1}-\left(\mathrm{j} \omega L_{1}+R_{L_{1}}\right) I_{2}=U_{\mathrm{in}} \\ \left(\mathrm{j} \omega L_{1}+\mathrm{j} \omega L_{P}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{j} \omega C_{2}}+R_{L_{\mathrm{p}}}+R_{L_{1}}\right) I_{2}- \\ \quad\left(\mathrm{j} \omega L_{1}+R_{L_{1}}\right) I_{1}=\mathrm{j} \omega M I_{3} \\ \left(\mathrm{j} \omega L_{\mathrm{s}}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{j} \omega C_{\mathrm{s}}}+R_{\mathrm{L}}+R_{L_{\mathrm{s}}}\right) I_{3}=\mathrm{j} \omega M I_{2} \end{array}\right.$
式中,ω为系统角频率。
本文以式(1)为基础,研究CLC-S型WPT系统分别工作在谐振状态和非谐振状态下的电压传输特性。
当WPT系统工作在谐振状态时,满足条件
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{1}}=\omega_{0} L_{1}=\frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{2}}-\omega_{0} L_{\mathrm{p}} \\ \frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{\mathrm{s}}}=\omega_{0} L_{\mathrm{s}} \end{array}\right.$
式中,${\omega }_{0}$为系统的谐振频率。
由式(1)和式(2)可得系统电压增益G
$\begin{aligned} G & =\frac{U_{\mathrm{O}}}{U_{\mathrm{in}}}= \\ & \frac{M R_{\mathrm{L}} \sqrt{\left(\omega^{2} L_{1}\right)^{2}+\left(\omega R_{L_{1}}\right)^{2}}}{\left(R_{L_{\mathrm{S}}}+R_{\mathrm{L}}\right) R_{L_{1}} \sqrt{\left(R_{L_{\mathrm{S}}}+R_{L_{\mathrm{p}}}+\omega^{2} L_{1}^{2}+R_{L_{1}}\right)^{2}+\omega^{2} L_{1}^{2}}} \end{aligned}$
由式(3)可知,系统在谐振工作状态下的电压增益与互感呈线性关系。因此,电压增益会随着互感的变化发生较大的波动,对系统输出电压产生较大的影响,故系统的抗偏移性能较差。
当WPT系统工作在非谐振状态时,满足条件
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{2}}-\omega_{0} L_{\mathrm{p}}=\frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{1}} \neq \omega_{0} L_{1} \\ \omega_{0} L_{\mathrm{s}}=\frac{1}{\omega_{0} C_{\mathrm{s}}} \end{array}\right.$
将式(4)代入式(1)求得系统电压增益为
$G=\frac{M R_{\mathrm{L}} \sqrt{\left(\omega^{2} L_{1}\right)^{2}+\left(\omega R_{L_{1}}\right)^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(K_{1}+R_{L_{1}}(\omega M)^{2}\right)^{2}+\left(K_{2}+X_{1} K_{3}(\omega M)^{2}\right)^{2}}}$
式中:${X}_{1}=\omega {L}_{1}-1/\omega {C}_{1};{K}_{1}=({R}_{\text{L}}+{R}_{{L}_{\text{S}}})({R}_{{L}_{1}}{R}_{{L}_{\text{P}}}^{2}+{(\omega {L}_{1})}^{2}$$-{X}_{1}^{2});{K}_{2}={X}_{1}({R}_{{L}_{\text{P}}}+{R}_{{L}_{1}})({R}_{\text{L}}+{R}_{{L}_{\text{S}}});{K}_{3}=2+{R}_{{L}_{1}}$
为了分析非谐振状态下电压增益随耦合机构互感变化的趋势,对电压增益表达式(5)关于M求导,得
$\begin{aligned} \frac{\mathrm{d} G}{\mathrm{~d} M}= & {\left[\sqrt{\left(2 R_{L_{1}} K_{1}+2 K_{2} K_{3}\right)^{2} \omega^{2}-4\left(K_{3}^{2}+2 R_{L_{1}}^{2}\right) \omega^{3}}-\right.} \\ & \left.2\left(K_{3}^{2}+2 R_{L_{1}}^{2}\right) \omega^{3} M\right] /\left[\left(K_{1}+R_{L_{1}}(\omega M)^{2}\right)^{2}+\right. \\ & \left.\left(K_{2}+X_{1} K_{3}(\omega M)^{2}\right)^{2}\right] \end{aligned}$
对式(6)分析可知,由于$\frac{\text{d}G}{\text{d}{M}_{|M=0}}>0$$\frac{\text{d}G}{\text{d}{M}_{|M\to \infty }}\text{<}0,$所以电压增益在$M\in [0,+\infty)$内必存在极值点M0,由此可得电压增益的单调性表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\text{d}\left|G\right|}{\text{d}M}<0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }M>{M}_{0}\\ \frac{\text{d}\left|G\right|}{\text{d}M}>0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }0<M<{M}_{0}\end{array}\right.$
由式(7)可知,电压增益在互感处于(0,M0)时随耦合机构互感的增大而增大,处于(M0$+\infty $)时随互感的减小而减小。
为进一步研究系统工作在谐振和非谐振状态下电压增益的区别,绘制谐振和非谐振下的电压增益曲线如图2所示。图中,曲线1为谐振状态下的电压增益曲线,该曲线斜率固定且为常数;曲线2为非谐振状态下的电压增益曲线,该曲线具有连续性和非线性,且存在极值点M0。在极值点附近存在区域[${M}_{1},{M}_{2}$]使得dG/dM<<β,在该区域内,电压增益ΔG波动范围足够小。将互感变化区间$[{M}_{1},{M}_{2}]$记为恒压输出区间δ,当耦合机构偏移量较小,互感M未脱离恒压输出区间δ时,WPT系统工作在非谐振状态下,电压波动较小,抗偏移性能好;当耦合机构偏移量过大,互感M脱离恒压输出区间δ时,系统不能保持恒压输出,需要进行追踪控制以保证系统输出电压恒定在允许范围内。
当非谐振状态下系统耦合机构偏移过大时,导致互感过小而脱离恒压输出区间δ。为了继续维持系统恒压输出,本文提出恒压输出区间追踪抗偏移优化策略,以提高系统的抗偏移能力。
为了保证系统处于恒压输出区间,本文分析了非谐振状态下电压增益极值点与补偿电感${L}_{1}$的关系,令dG/dM=0,求得电压增益的极值点${M}_{0}$
${M}_{0}=\frac{\sqrt{{K}_{5}-4{K}_{4}\omega }}{2{K}_{4}{\omega }^{2}}$
式中:${K}_{4}={K}_{3}{}^{2}+2{R}_{{L}_{1}}{}^{2}$${K}_{5}={(2{R}_{{L}_{1}}{K}_{1}+2{K}_{2}{K}_{3})}^{2}$。由式(8)可知,电压增益曲线的极值点${M}_{0}$与系数${K}_{5}$成正相关,而${K}_{5}$与补偿电感${L}_{1}$成正相关,因此,降低${L}_{1}$可以减小${M}_{0}$,而${M}_{0}$的移动会带动电压增益曲线的平移。
为了方便说明,绘制不同电感的电压增益曲线如图3所示。可知,原边补偿电感${L}_{1}$减小后,电压增益曲线和恒压输出区间δ也会随之左移。当耦合机构发生过量偏移,互感从M*降低至M'时,系统的互感不再处于恒压输出区间δ,电压增益降低,离开期望输出电压增益区间ΔG。此时降低${L}_{1}$,使恒压输出区间更新为δ',输出电压增益重新回到期望输出电压增益区间ΔG,从而实现了恒压输出区间的扩展,提升了系统的抗偏移能力。
由2.1节可知,当系统耦合机构过偏移时,可通过改变原边补偿电感,使恒压输出区间追踪耦合机构偏移后的互感,从而保证系统工作在恒压输出区间。由此,本文提出1种新型电感补偿序列使得恒压输出区间可控,并以其为基础设计1种CLC-S型WPT系统恒压输出区间追踪控制方法。电感补偿序列如图4所示,系统整体结构如图5所示。图4中,${L}_{1i}$(i=1, 2,…,n)为n个补偿电感构成的电感补偿序列,电感值随编号i的增大而增大,${\text{SW}}_{i}$为电感补偿序列中编号为i的开关。当控制器的输出控制量从i+1更新为i时,${\text{SW}}_{i}$开通,${\text{SW}}_{i+}{}_{1}$关断,原边补偿电感由${L}_{1(i+1)}$更新为${L}_{1i}$,恒压输出区间${\delta }_{i+}{}_{1}$变化为${\delta }_{i}$,实现了对恒压输出区间δ的控制。图5中,当耦合机构发生偏移时,电压检测机构将输出电压数据传输至控制器,控制器再根据恒压输出区间追踪控制方法对电感补偿序列进行切换控制,从而实现恒压输出区间对变化互感的追踪控制。
为了得到电感补偿序列中的电感值,提出求解电感补偿序列的方法。控制策略需要保证电压增益在线圈互感发生变化时仍处于误差允许范围内,即
${G}_{0}(1-e\%)⩽G⩽{G}_{0}(1+e\%)$
式中:G0为期望电压增益;G为实际电压增益;e%为误差允许范围。
设置误差允许范围e%=7.5%、期望电压增益${G}_{0}$=1.02、直线G=${G}_{0}$(1−e%)为误差曲线。经过多次迭代,当保证维持系统恒压输出的互感变化范围为$[{M}_{\text{min}},{M}_{\text{max}}]$时,解集可作为电感补偿序列。由实际测量的数据得知,${M}_{\text{min}}、{M}_{\text{max}}$的取值分别为12.3、44.5 μH。
求解法则具体步骤如下。
步骤1 对所有参数进行初始化。包括各个元件内阻、电容、工作频率、补偿电感初值。
步骤2 以0.1 μH为步长更新原边补偿电感${L}_{1}$,并保证${L}_{1}$使系统工作在非谐振状态,若满足条件,则执行步骤3,若不满足条件,则重新执行步骤2。
步骤3 计算${L}_{1}$对应的电压增益曲线,求得曲线与误差曲线的2个交点。若左交点大于${M}_{\text{min}}$,说明此时的${L}_{1}$不能保证系统的恒压输出,执行步骤2;若左交点小于${M}_{\text{min}}$且右交点大于${M}_{\text{min}}$时,说明此时的${L}_{1}$可以保证系统在${M}_{\text{min}}$附近实现恒压输出,可将其加入解集并将${M}_{\text{min}}$更新为右交点并执行步骤4。判断${M}_{\text{min}}$是否大于等于${M}_{\text{max}}$,如是,说明此时的解集可以满足系统恒压输出的要求;如否,返回执行步骤2。
步骤4 求解得到补偿电感序列。求得解集及每个解的电压增益曲线和误差曲线的交点见表1。可知,每个解和误差曲线的左、右交点完整覆盖了[12.3,44.5] μH,说明此时系统理论上在互感变化范围为[12.3,44.5] μH时维持恒压输出。
得到耦合机构互感变化范围和最优补偿电感序列后,在Simulink中设计电路仿真模型,以证明控制策略的有效性。设定互感为自变量,输入电压为12 V,实际负载为13 Ω。将解集设定为电感补偿序列,以互感为自变量,恒压输出区间追踪控制策略仿真结果如图6所示。可知,在加入控制策略之后,在互感的变化范围为[12.3,44.5] μH时,系统的电压增益波动范围稳定在0.95~1.10之间。期间经历了5次较大幅度的电压增益波动,这是控制器切换补偿电感产生的电压增益变化。仿真结果和理论计算曲线的差距较小,证明了理论分析的正确性。
为了进一步研究恒压输出区间追踪控制策略在补偿电感切换过程中对系统输出电压的影响,设计耦合机构偏移仿真实验,水平偏移量由2 cm分别增加到4、8 cm,竖直间隙由2 cm分别增加到4、8 cm,互感由41.8 μH降至21.6 μH、再由21.6 μH降至12.3 μH,输出电压仿真波形如图7所示。可知,当耦合机构发生偏移时,互感由41.8 μH降至21.6 μH后,原边补偿电感由17.0 μH切换为15.0 μH,输出电压在经过0.3 ms的振荡后,稳定输出为12.32 V,这与发生偏移前输出电压为12.33 V基本一致,输出电压最大跌落幅值为0.25 V。互感由21.6 μH降至12.3 μH后,原边补偿电感由15.0 μH切换为13.5 μH,输出电压在经过0.35 ms的振荡后,稳定输出为12.33 V,输出电压最大跌落幅值为0.27 V,电压跌落较小。
为验证恒压输出区间追踪控制策略的有效性,搭建实验平台如图8所示。实验平台中,直流电源电压通过逆变电路转换为85 kHz交流电,经过补偿电路传输到耦合机构,发射线圈和接收线圈为3 mm利兹线缠绕而成的圆环型线圈,使用电子负载模拟实际负载。由控制器输出控制逆变电路工作频率的PWM波,除此之外,控制器还将运行控制代码利用继电器实现对电感补偿序列的控制。
设计15组耦合机构偏移情况,并具体测量了每种偏移情况的互感,利用15组耦合机构偏移情况进行对比实验,实验组使用恒压输出区间追踪抗偏移优化策略,对照组使用18 μH的固定补偿电感实验,实验结果见表2。可知,互感从44.452 μH变化到14.955 μH的过程中,电压增益从1.110下降至0.960。其中,在互感为44.452、35.431、28.970、21.551、16.820 μH时,原边补偿电感分别切换为18.0、17.0、16.0、15.0、13.5 μH,在互感变化过程中系统电压增益维持在[0.960,1.110],处于误差允许范围内,验证了系统恒压输出的鲁棒性。
为了进一步说明本文控制策略的优越性,将使用控制策略前后的电压增益及理论曲线、仿真和实验结果进行对比,分别如图9图10所示。由图9可知,在互感较大时,系统的电压增益接近1.1,但是随着偏移量的增加,耦合机构互感逐渐减小,在互感低于35.4 μH之后,系统电压增益开始大幅下降,最小值低于0.7。在使用了恒压输出区间追踪控制策略之后,系统的电压增益一直稳定在0.96~1.10之间,实现了系统的恒压输出。此外,使用控制策略之后,维持系统恒压的互感变化范围达到了[14.955,44.452] μH,相较于使用控制策略之前互感变化范围[30.234,44.452] μH,在宽度上提升了107.46%,证明了控制控制策略的优越性。由图10可知,理论曲线和仿真结果相吻合,实验结果在2条曲线上下小幅波动,充分证明了实验结果和仿真结果的一致性。
本文针对WPT系统输出电压受耦合机构偏移量影响较大的问题,提出1种恒压输出区间追踪控制策略。首先,对比分析了系统工作在谐振和非谐振状态下互感对电压增益的影响,得出了在恒压输出区间内非谐振状态下系统的抗偏移能力强于谐振状态的结论;然后,设计了电感补偿序列,使得恒压输出区间可控;最后,利用电压反馈控制方法追踪变化互感的恒压输出区间,提高了系统的抗偏移能力。为了证明控制策略的有效性,搭建了基于恒压输出区间追踪控制抗偏移方法的WPT系统仿真模型和实验平台,仿真和实验表明:当WPT系统工作在非谐振状态时,维持系统恒压输出的互感变化范围较宽,相对于谐振状态提升了197.21%;采用原边补偿电感切换控制相对原边补偿电感固定方案,系统恒压输出互感变化范围提升了107.46%。因此,本文提出的控制方法是可行且有效的,可适用于多种静态及动态无线电能传输应用场合。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61903129)
  • 湖北省大学生创新创业训练资助项目(S202110500033)
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.179
  • 接收时间:2022-06-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-08
  • 修回日期:2022-10-22
  • 录用日期:2022-11-22
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61903129)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61903129)
Hubei Students’ Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202110500033)
湖北省大学生创新创业训练资助项目(S202110500033)
作者信息
    1 湖北工业大学太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430068
    2 湖北工业大学电气与电子工程学院,武汉 430068

通讯作者:

黄文聪(1977— ),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动、无线电能传输、人工智能与智能制造技术。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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