Article(id=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1656864000000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-04, revisedDate=1664035200000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-25, acceptedDate=1665417600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-10-11, onlineDate=1751354711194, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354711194, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073866687, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354711194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354711194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=240, endPage=246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844394972545526, articleId=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Thermal Management Strategy for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Module Based on Predictive Control, columnId=1152281491788100462, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Battery and Energy Storage, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Electric vehicle fast charging piles are prone to overheating of power devices under high-power operation, causing potential safety hazards. However, the existing cooling strategy adopts a rule-based forced air cooling method, and the cooling fan rotates at a high speed and generates large environmental noise. To protect the thermal safety of core components in the module while optimizing the cooling regulation strategy, an optimal thermal management method for electric vehicle fast charging module based on data-driven model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. This method adopts a data-driven method to construct a prediction model of module temperature distribution based on the long short-term memory neural network, and it combines MPC to control the fan speed, thus optimizing the thermal management strategy for the fast charging module and reducing the fan noise. Through experimental tests, it was verified that this method can effectively reduce the average fan speed by 1 293 rpm and reduce the average noise by 4.99 dB while ensuring that the key components are not overheated, which ensures the thermal safety of core components and the durability of the cooling fan.
, correspAuthors=Chong ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingxuan LI, Yansong LU, Chong ZHU, Xu LU, Xi ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828041365360694, articleId=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于预测控制的电动汽车快充模块热管理策略, columnId=1149830274575463188, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电池与储能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
电动汽车快充充电桩在高功率工作下功率器件容易超温造成安全隐患,而现有冷却策略采用基于规则控制的强制风冷方式,散热风扇转速大且产生较大的环境噪声。为保护模块核心器件的热安全同时优化冷却调节策略,提出1种基于数据驱动模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)的电动汽车快充模块优化热管理方法。该方法采用数据驱动构建基于长短期记忆神经网络的模块温度分布的预测模型,并结合MPC对风扇转速进行调控,优化快充模块热管理策略并降低风扇噪声。经过实验测试,验证了该方法在保证各关键器件不超温的同时,可有效降低风扇平均转速1 293 rpm,降低平均噪声4.99 dB,保障了核心器件热安全性及散热风扇耐久性。
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李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:dreamisland@sjtu.edu.cn。
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李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:dreamisland@sjtu.edu.cn。
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鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:yansong.lu@sjtu.edu.cn。
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鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:yansong.lu@sjtu.edu.cn。
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卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:cristianoluxury@sjtu.edu.cn。
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卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:cristianoluxury@sjtu.edu.cn。
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张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:braver1980@sjtu.edu.cn。
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张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:braver1980@sjtu.edu.cn。
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Charging curves for Chevy Bolt condition and NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=XKOPYL1MiZ48lC2wPCb2uA==, figureFileBig=aYT8lrO40mmTrHVxNwHezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945146152120984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6工况的充电曲线, figureFileSmall=XKOPYL1MiZ48lC2wPCb2uA==, figureFileBig=aYT8lrO40mmTrHVxNwHezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147515269803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Battery charging simulation test and data acquisition platform, figureFileSmall=q2nKQ+g0b8+RnJfsgHtrEw==, figureFileBig=O2BVbu6JfAKD9N54XtTk0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147632710321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
电池充电模拟测试及数据采集平台, figureFileSmall=q2nKQ+g0b8+RnJfsgHtrEw==, figureFileBig=O2BVbu6JfAKD9N54XtTk0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147724985018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Position corresponding to output temperature node of LSTM temperature prediction model, figureFileSmall=mGQUAXYLOLVU/Wjr1AbTzQ==, figureFileBig=+2igrtNyrZwfpZ3BvgPBog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147804676803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
LSTM温度预测模型输出温度节点的对应位置, figureFileSmall=mGQUAXYLOLVU/Wjr1AbTzQ==, figureFileBig=+2igrtNyrZwfpZ3BvgPBog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147922117328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Analysis of correlation between key input signals and output temperatures, figureFileSmall=Pne2y8pbzoHM/tH3/qx0TA==, figureFileBig=KUw9/pLN/kg0v5aPC83ltA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148094083801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
关键输入信号与输出温度互相关性分析, figureFileSmall=Pne2y8pbzoHM/tH3/qx0TA==, figureFileBig=KUw9/pLN/kg0v5aPC83ltA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148236690154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Flow chart of model predictive control, figureFileSmall=VQuYwswrkiKBpEaOYQzyqg==, figureFileBig=MSW+j9KgCCBrMZeBto/Sag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148412850935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
模型预测控制流程, figureFileSmall=VQuYwswrkiKBpEaOYQzyqg==, figureFileBig=MSW+j9KgCCBrMZeBto/Sag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148509319935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Comparison of fan speed and noise under Chevy Bolt condition, figureFileSmall=laDo7fKzQmt+lFDmBoDDBw==, figureFileBig=7IvOAMRbZUGzw3UiSs7/1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148601594629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
雪佛兰Bolt工况风扇转速、噪声对比, figureFileSmall=laDo7fKzQmt+lFDmBoDDBw==, figureFileBig=7IvOAMRbZUGzw3UiSs7/1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148719035152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Comparison of temperature of power devices under Chevy Bolt condition, figureFileSmall=li+87888KxvYwVBDADvhfg==, figureFileBig=+v/ie1e8DAWwArC5Urrn/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148823892759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
雪佛兰Bolt工况功率器件温度对比, figureFileSmall=li+87888KxvYwVBDADvhfg==, figureFileBig=+v/ie1e8DAWwArC5Urrn/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148962304802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Comparison of fan speed and noise under NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=rZZDtG1vIeaydOePAN+7yg==, figureFileBig=r5T8iN5vjL0tPWO19D/xzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149058773798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
蔚来ES6工况风扇转速、噪声对比, figureFileSmall=rZZDtG1vIeaydOePAN+7yg==, figureFileBig=r5T8iN5vjL0tPWO19D/xzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149134271279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Comparison of temperature of power devices under NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=9XRdayRDiLIUE+bjr6ScUA==, figureFileBig=y6LqhvnAPEEYagy1knELNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149251711801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
蔚来ES6工况功率器件温度对比, figureFileSmall=9XRdayRDiLIUE+bjr6ScUA==, figureFileBig=y6LqhvnAPEEYagy1knELNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149360763715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Information about basic parameters of charging module
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| 参数 | 数值/模式 |
| 输出功率/kW | 30 |
| 最高效率/% | 96.4 |
| 散热方式 | 强制风冷 |
| 输出电压/V | 200~1 000 |
| 最大噪声/dB | 75 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149562090317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
充电模块基本参数信息
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值/模式 |
| 输出功率/kW | 30 |
| 最高效率/% | 96.4 |
| 散热方式 | 强制风冷 |
| 输出电压/V | 200~1 000 |
| 最大噪声/dB | 75 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149708890967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Output target of LSTM temperature prediction model and the corresponding maximum allowable temperature
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| 输出参数 | 最大许可温度/℃ |
| MOS管温度 | 80 |
| 主变线圈温度 | 110 |
| 主变磁芯温度 | 110 |
| 整流板温度 | 90 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149830525788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
LSTM温度预测模型的输出目标及对应的最大许可温度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 输出参数 | 最大许可温度/℃ |
| MOS管温度 | 80 |
| 主变线圈温度 | 110 |
| 主变磁芯温度 | 110 |
| 整流板温度 | 90 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150010880874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
Hyperparameters of LSTM neural network
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| 参数 | 数值 |
| 输入维度 | 5 |
| 输出维度 | 4 |
| 网络层数 | 2 |
| 状态向量特征数 | 5 |
| 学习率 | 0.05 |
| 激活函数 | ReLU |
| 预测步长/s | 30 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150132515703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
LSTM神经网络超参数
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| 参数 | 数值 |
| 输入维度 | 5 |
| 输出维度 | 4 |
| 网络层数 | 2 |
| 状态向量特征数 | 5 |
| 学习率 | 0.05 |
| 激活函数 | ReLU |
| 预测步长/s | 30 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150270927743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=
RMSE of LSTM temperature prediction
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 输出温度节点 | 均方根误差/℃ |
| MOS管 | 1.83 |
| 主变线圈 | 1.71 |
| 主变磁芯 | 2.06 |
| 整流管 | 2.22 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150413534089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
LSTM温度预测均方根误差
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 输出温度节点 | 均方根误差/℃ |
| MOS管 | 1.83 |
| 主变线圈 | 1.71 |
| 主变磁芯 | 2.06 |
| 整流管 | 2.22 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150522585997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=
MPC parameters
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| 参数 | 数值 |
| MOS管温度上限${x}_{1lim}$/℃ | 55 |
| 主变线圈温度上限${x}_{\text{2lim}}$/℃ | 95 |
| 主变磁芯温度上限${x}_{\text{3lim}}$/℃ | 95 |
| 整流板温度上限${x}_{\text{4lim}}$/℃ | 75 |
| 转速下限${u}_{\text{lowlim}}$/rpm | 3 500 |
| 转速上限${u}_{\text{uplim}}$/rpm | 14 000 |
| 控制步长${t}_{\text{c}}$/s | 1 |
| 移动时间窗口${t}_{\text{w}}$/s | 5 |
| 预测步长${t}_{\text{pre}}$/s | 30 |
| 风扇转速状态数${n}_{\text{s}}$ | 10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150644220820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
MPC参数
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| 参数 | 数值 |
| MOS管温度上限${x}_{1lim}$/℃ | 55 |
| 主变线圈温度上限${x}_{\text{2lim}}$/℃ | 95 |
| 主变磁芯温度上限${x}_{\text{3lim}}$/℃ | 95 |
| 整流板温度上限${x}_{\text{4lim}}$/℃ | 75 |
| 转速下限${u}_{\text{lowlim}}$/rpm | 3 500 |
| 转速上限${u}_{\text{uplim}}$/rpm | 14 000 |
| 控制步长${t}_{\text{c}}$/s | 1 |
| 移动时间窗口${t}_{\text{w}}$/s | 5 |
| 预测步长${t}_{\text{pre}}$/s | 30 |
| 风扇转速状态数${n}_{\text{s}}$ | 10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945151881540509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=
Basic charging information about Chevy Bolt condition and NIO ES6 condition
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| 参数 | 雪佛兰Bolt工况 | 蔚来ES6工况 |
| 充电时长/s | 4 500 | 4 000 |
| 最大输出功率/kW | 27.86 | 27.53 |
| 最大输出电压/V | 400 | 395 |
| SOC充电范围/% | 14~84 | 30~90 |
功率超过25 kW 时长占比/% | 38.2 | 26.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152011563939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6充电工况基本信息
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| 参数 | 雪佛兰Bolt工况 | 蔚来ES6工况 |
| 充电时长/s | 4 500 | 4 000 |
| 最大输出功率/kW | 27.86 | 27.53 |
| 最大输出电压/V | 400 | 395 |
| SOC充电范围/% | 14~84 | 30~90 |
功率超过25 kW 时长占比/% | 38.2 | 26.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152116421543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=
Noise reduction effect under Chevy Bolt and NIO ES6 conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 雪佛兰Bolt工况 | 蔚来ES6工况 |
| 风扇最大转速降低/rpm | 744 | 649 |
| 风扇平均转速降低/rpm | 1293 | 629 |
| 风扇最大噪声降低/dB | 1.56 | 1.57 |
| 风扇平均噪声降低/dB | 4.99 | 2.40 |
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152225473453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6工况降噪效果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 雪佛兰Bolt工况 | 蔚来ES6工况 |
| 风扇最大转速降低/rpm | 744 | 649 |
| 风扇平均转速降低/rpm | 1293 | 629 |
| 风扇最大噪声降低/dB | 1.56 | 1.57 |
| 风扇平均噪声降低/dB | 4.99 | 2.40 |
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