Article(id=1146828034004353259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.171, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645459200000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-22, revisedDate=1647964800000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-23, acceptedDate=1649779200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-13, onlineDate=1751354710340, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354710340, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073866633, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354710340, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354710340, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=171, endPage=178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844394934796788, articleId=1146828034004353259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Harmonic Suppression Strategy for Grid-side Current in Single-phase Matrix Converter Based Wireless Power Transfer System, columnId=1152281494212408178, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Wireless Power Transfer, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the problem of large harmonic content of grid-side current in a single-phase matrix converter based wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system, a harmonic suppression modulation strategy is proposed to effectively reduce the low-order harmonic content and total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid-side current. The voltage and current characteristics of resonant tank are analyzed, the equivalent circuits at two fundamental frequencies are obtained based on the parameter normalization method, and the mathematical model of MC-WPT system is derived accordingly. On this basis, with an objective of eliminating the low-order harmonic content, the optimal modulation wave of the H-bridge on the receiving side is obtained by using the calculation method, so that the low-frequency component of grid-side current only contains the line frequency component, thereby reducing the THD of grid-side current. Finally, an experimental platform was built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed harmonic suppression modulation strategy.

, correspAuthors=Jun HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun HUANG, Kuairong YANG, Xuguo HE, Pengchong HUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828037015863797, articleId=1146828034004353259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=单相矩阵式WPT系统网侧电流谐波抑制策略, columnId=1149830138994647045, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=无线电能传输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对单相矩阵式无线电能传输MC-WPT(matrix converter based wireless power transfer)系统网侧电流谐波含量大的问题,提出1种谐波抑制调制策略,可有效降低网侧电流低次谐波含量及总谐波失真度THD(total harmonic distortion)。分析谐振槽电压电流特性,基于参数归一化方法得到2个基波分量的等效电路,进而推导出MC-WPT的数学模型。在此基础上,以消除低次谐波含量为目标,应用计算法得到接收侧H桥的优化调制波,使网侧电流低频成分仅有工频分量,从而降低网侧电流THD。最后搭建实验平台,验证所提谐波抑制调制策略的可行性与有效性。

, correspAuthors=黄珺, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄珺(1986— ),男,博士,工程师。研究方向:高频功率变换技术、无线电能传输技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4cfZxoxaeViOP4aWnRGbDA==, magXml=3h55sF6tj/tc4hn9RU46wQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=68YoO0Ewc3OOw3DsBGHNqg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7b3B6cgS6yql5kd5YnvapA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sCV4IJobTf3aQYRdau0PRQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨快荣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、AC-AC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

何许国(1993— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、双有源桥DC-DC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

霍鹏冲(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:大功率双向DC-DC变换器。E-mail:

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杨快荣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、AC-AC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

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杨快荣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、AC-AC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

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何许国(1993— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、双有源桥DC-DC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

何许国(1993— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、双有源桥DC-DC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

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霍鹏冲(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:大功率双向DC-DC变换器。E-mail:

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霍鹏冲(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:大功率双向DC-DC变换器。E-mail:

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单相矩阵式WPT系统网侧电流谐波抑制策略
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黄珺 1, 2 , 杨快荣 1, 2 , 何许国 1, 2 , 霍鹏冲 1, 2
电源学报 | 无线电能传输 2025,23(2): 171-178
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电源学报 | 无线电能传输 2025, 23(2): 171-178
单相矩阵式WPT系统网侧电流谐波抑制策略
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黄珺1, 2 , 杨快荣1, 2 , 何许国1, 2 , 霍鹏冲1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(河北工业大学电气工程学院),天津 300130
  • 2 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(河北工业大学电气工程学院),天津 300130
  • 杨快荣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、AC-AC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

    何许国(1993— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:无线电能传输技术、双有源桥DC-DC变换器建模与控制。E-mail:

    霍鹏冲(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:大功率双向DC-DC变换器。E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄珺(1986— ),男,博士,工程师。研究方向:高频功率变换技术、无线电能传输技术。E-mail:
Harmonic Suppression Strategy for Grid-side Current in Single-phase Matrix Converter Based Wireless Power Transfer System
Jun HUANG1, 2 , Kuairong YANG1, 2 , Xuguo HE1, 2 , Pengchong HUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province (School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology), Tianjin 300130, China
  • 2 State Key Lab of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment (School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology), Tianjin 300130, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.171
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针对单相矩阵式无线电能传输MC-WPT(matrix converter based wireless power transfer)系统网侧电流谐波含量大的问题,提出1种谐波抑制调制策略,可有效降低网侧电流低次谐波含量及总谐波失真度THD(total harmonic distortion)。分析谐振槽电压电流特性,基于参数归一化方法得到2个基波分量的等效电路,进而推导出MC-WPT的数学模型。在此基础上,以消除低次谐波含量为目标,应用计算法得到接收侧H桥的优化调制波,使网侧电流低频成分仅有工频分量,从而降低网侧电流THD。最后搭建实验平台,验证所提谐波抑制调制策略的可行性与有效性。

无线电能传输  /  矩阵变换器  /  总谐波失真  /  谐波抑制调制策略  /  网侧电流

Aimed at the problem of large harmonic content of grid-side current in a single-phase matrix converter based wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system, a harmonic suppression modulation strategy is proposed to effectively reduce the low-order harmonic content and total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid-side current. The voltage and current characteristics of resonant tank are analyzed, the equivalent circuits at two fundamental frequencies are obtained based on the parameter normalization method, and the mathematical model of MC-WPT system is derived accordingly. On this basis, with an objective of eliminating the low-order harmonic content, the optimal modulation wave of the H-bridge on the receiving side is obtained by using the calculation method, so that the low-frequency component of grid-side current only contains the line frequency component, thereby reducing the THD of grid-side current. Finally, an experimental platform was built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed harmonic suppression modulation strategy.

Wireless power transfer (WPT)  /  matrix converter  /  total harmonic distortion (THD)  /  harmonic suppression modulation strategy  /  grid-side current
黄珺, 杨快荣, 何许国, 霍鹏冲. 单相矩阵式WPT系统网侧电流谐波抑制策略. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.171
Jun HUANG, Kuairong YANG, Xuguo HE, Pengchong HUO. Harmonic Suppression Strategy for Grid-side Current in Single-phase Matrix Converter Based Wireless Power Transfer System[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.171
由于无线电能传输WPT(wireless power transfer)系统具有安全性、适应性、便捷性等特点,可应用于生物植入、矿井、电动汽车等领域,受到研究人员的广泛关注[1-3]。传统的WPT系统网侧AC-AC变换器是两级或多级变换器,含有昂贵的直流侧电容和笨重的低频输入电感,增加了系统的成本与体积[4-7]。另外,直流侧电解电容的存在会影响系统的寿命与可靠性。因此,具有矩阵变换器的无线电能传输MC-WPT(matrix converter based wireless power transfer)系统在减小系统体积、成本,提高寿命方面具有一定优势。
文献[8]基于离散能量注入与自由振荡的变频控制策略,提出1种三相至单相的MC-WPT系统,能实现软开关,但网侧电流波形(系统不额外加低频滤波器)通常近似马鞍波,含有较大的三、五次工频谐波含量;文献[9-11]基于滑模控制理论,提出1种单相-单相MC-WPT系统,但网侧电流严重畸变,通常波形呈现为方波的基础上叠加一定的二次谐波含量,含有较大的二、三、五、七次谐波;文献[12-13]利用移相控制方法,对单相MC-WPT进行功率控制,但网侧电流波形通常呈现方波状态,含有较大的三、五、七次谐波。现有MC-WPT网侧电流含有较大的低次谐波,且普遍采用无源滤波方式,额外的低频滤波器会增加系统的体积与成本。
为了降低网侧电流的低次谐波含量及总谐波失真度THD(total harmonic distortion),文献[14-16]总结了矩阵变换器的网侧电流谐波抑制策略,但这些控制策略下的矩阵变换器应用WPT系统时,对开关频率要求较高,难以适应WPT这种较高工作频率的系统;文献[17]基于直流侧无电解电容的背靠背AC-AC变换器的WPT系统,提出了工频电压参考的闭环有源功率校正策略,但这种拓扑的网侧电流在网侧电压接近零点时会出现断续;文献[18]基于电流型MC-WPT系统,提出了工频电流内环参考的双闭环控制策略以降低网侧电流的低次谐波含量,但其需要在矩阵变换器高频输出侧并联谐振电容,以降低其开关管承受的高电压应力。
综上,本文基于MC-WPT含有2个基波分量的特性,建立了双基波归一化的数学模型;以消除低次谐波含量为目标,推导出了降低网侧电流低次谐波含量的条件;进一步提出1种含有双基波开关频率的谐波抑制调制策略,有效降低网侧电流低次谐波含量及THD,并通过实验验证了所提策略的可行性与有效性。
MC-WPT系统拓扑结构如图1所示,其主要由工频电网、网侧(一次侧)滤波器、单相矩阵变换器、SS谐振网络、接收侧(二次侧)H桥、接收侧滤波器、电池组成。图中:${v}_{\text{g}}$为工频电网电压;${V}_{\text{b}}$为电池电压;${L}_{1}、{L}_{2}$分别为一、二次侧线圈的自感;${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$分别为一、二次侧线圈的串联谐振电容;M为一、二次侧线圈之间的互感;${i}_{1}、{i}_{2}$分别为流经一、二次侧谐振槽的电流。
图1所示,矩阵变换器由4个双向开关管${\text{S}}_{x}$ (x=1,2,3,4)组成,每个双向开关管${\text{S}}_{x}$${\text{S}}_{x\text{a}}$${\text{S}}_{x\text{b}}$组成,采用移相控制方式。为了阐述单相矩阵变换器的工作原理,图2给出了在开关周期层面的开关管驱动信号与${v}_{\text{ab}}$波形,以及工频周期层面的${v}_{\text{g}}$${v}_{\text{ab}}$波形。具体来讲,各个开关管的驱动信号如下:当${v}_{\text{g}}$>0时,${\text{S}}_{x\text{b}}$的4个开关管导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{1a}}、{\text{S}}_{\text{2a}}$互补导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{3a}}、{\text{S}}_{\text{4a}}$互补导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{1a}}、{\text{S}}_{\text{3a}}$之间的移相角为${\phi }_{1}$;同理,当${v}_{\text{g}}$<0时,${\text{S}}_{x\text{a}}$的4个开关管导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{1b}}$${\text{S}}_{\text{2b}}$互补导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{3b}}、{\text{S}}_{\text{4b}}$互补导通,${\text{S}}_{\text{1b}}、{\text{S}}_{\text{3b}}$之间的移相角为${\phi }_{1}$。根据图2,利用双重傅里叶分析,可得变换器ab端电压为
$\begin{array}{l}{v}_{\text{ab}}(t)=\frac{\text{4}{V}_{\text{gm}}\text{sin(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{)}}{\text{π}}{\displaystyle \sum _{m=1,3\cdots }^{\infty }\text{[sin}(m{\omega }_{\text{T}}t)}\cdot \\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{sin}(m{\phi }_{1}/2)\text{]=}{\displaystyle \sum _{m=1,3\cdots }^{\infty }\frac{1}{m}{V}_{\text{mc}}\mathrm{sin}(\frac{m{\phi }_{1}}{2})}\cdot \\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }[\mathrm{cos}(m{\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t)-\mathrm{cos}(m{\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t)]\end{array}$
式中:${\omega }_{\text{T}}$为开关角频率;${\omega }_{\text{L}}$为工频角频率;${V}_{\text{gm}}$${v}_{\text{g}}(t)$的幅值,${V}_{\text{gm}}\text{sin}(t)\text{=}{v}_{\text{g}}(t)$${V}_{\text{mc}}=2\text{sin}{(} m\text{π}/{2})\cdot $${V}_{\text{gm}}/\text{π}$
由式(1)可知${v}_{\text{ab}}$的基波分量为
$\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\text{1}}\text{(}t\text{)}=\frac{2{V}_{\text{gm}}}{\text{π}}\text{sin}\frac{{\phi }_{\text{1}}}{2}\text{[cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{)}\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{)]}\end{array}$
由式(2)可知,${v}_{\text{ab}}$含有${\omega }_{\text{c}}={\omega }_{\text{T}}-{\omega }_{\text{L}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}=$${\omega }_{\text{T}}+{\omega }_{\text{L}}$这2个基波分量,由于这2个基波会经过谐振槽耦合至副边,因此将${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$分量单独分析,再利用叠加定理进行综合。根据移相控制功率传输原理,可通过控制二次侧${v}_{\text{cd}}$${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$基波分量分别对应的有效值$\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|、\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|$,以及${v}_{\text{cd}}$${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$基波分量分别超前${v}_{\text{ab}}$中对应基波的移相角${\theta }_{\text{c}}、{\theta }_{\text{d}}$,进而传输功率,则可设${v}_{\text{cd}}$的基波分量为
$\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\text{2}}\text{(}t\text{)}=\sqrt{2}\text{[}\left|{U}_{2\text{c}}\right|\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{+}{\theta }_{\text{c}}\text{)+}\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{|}{U}_{\text{2d}}\text{|cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t\text{+}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{+π+}{\theta }_{\text{d}}\text{)]}\end{array}$
$\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|、\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|$${\theta }_{\text{c}}$${\theta }_{\text{d}}$的关系将在下文网侧电流谐波抑制调制策略中加以分析。
经典SS谐振网络互感电路模型如图3(a)所示,忽略系统的线路寄生电阻${R}_{1}、{R}_{2}$,设一、二次侧变换器的基波分量角频率为ω,则一次侧谐振线圈自感与谐振电容的总阻抗为
${Z}_{1}=\text{j}\omega {L}_{1}+1/(\text{j}\omega {C}_{1})$
化简图3(a)得到图3(b),其中${u}_{\text{p}}$为二次侧耦合至一次侧线圈的感应电压,${u}_{\text{s}}$为一次侧耦合至二次侧线圈的感应电压。
Z1=j(${\omega }_{\text{T}}$+${\omega }_{\text{n}}$)Leq1,联合式(4)得
$L_{\mathrm{eq} 1}=\left[1-\left(\omega_{01} / \omega\right)^{2}\right] L_{1}$
式中:${L}_{\text{eq1}}$ω角频率下原边总阻抗${Z}_{1}$对应的等效电感;${\omega }_{01}$为原边谐振槽的固有角频率,${\omega }_{\text{01}}=\sqrt{{L}_{\text{1}}{C}_{\text{1}}}$。当$\omega >{\omega }_{\text{01}}$时,${Z}_{1}$呈现感性,${L}_{\text{eq1}}$>0;当$\omega <{\omega }_{\text{01}}$时,${Z}_{1}$呈现容性,${L}_{\text{eq1}}$<0;当$\omega ={\omega }_{\text{01}}$时,${L}_{\text{eq1}}$=0。
同理,二次侧固有谐振角频率${\omega }_{02}$=$\sqrt{{L}_{2}{C}_{2}}$,二次侧等效电感${L}_{\text{eq2}}$也可计算得出。
根据1.1节,系统含有${\omega }_{\text{c}}、{\omega }_{\text{d}}$这2个基波分量,为了较为精确地建立数学模型,先单独分析各基波分量,然后叠加综合。${\omega }_{\text{c}}、{\omega }_{\text{d}}$基波对应的等效电路模型分别如图3(c)(d)所示。
${\omega }_{\text{c}}$基波对应的等效电路中,如图3(c)所示,${L}_{\text{eq1c}}、{L}_{\text{eq2c}}$分别为该基波下一、二次侧总阻抗${Z}_{1}、{Z}_{2}$等效的电感量;${u}_{\text{pc}}$为该基波下二次侧耦合至一次侧线圈的感应电压;${u}_{\text{sc}}$为该基波下一次侧耦合至二次侧线圈的感应电压;${i}_{\text{1c}}、{i}_{\text{2c}}$分别为该基波下流经一、二次侧谐振槽的电流。同理,在图3(d)中,${L}_{\text{eq1d}}、{L}_{\text{eq2d}}、{u}_{\text{pd}}、{u}_{\text{sd}}$${i}_{\text{1d}}$${i}_{\text{2d}}$分别为${\omega }_{\text{d}}$基波对应的参数量,与${L}_{\text{eq1c}}、{L}_{\text{eq2c}}、{u}_{\text{pc}}、{u}_{\text{sc}}、{i}_{\text{1c}}、{i}_{\text{2c}}$的基本一致。
根据式(5),在${\omega }_{\text{c}}$基波下可得${L}_{\text{eq1c}}、{L}_{\text{eq2c}}$的表达式,在${\omega }_{\text{d}}$基波下可得${L}_{\text{eq1d}}、{L}_{\text{eq2d}}$的表达式。形式与式(5)一致,在此省略。
根据互感原理与模型特性,可得
$\left(\dot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{1}-\dot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{\mathrm{P}}\right)=\mathrm{j} \omega L_{\mathrm{eql}} \dot{\boldsymbol{I}}_{1}$
$({\dot{U}}_{\text{2}}-{\dot{U}}_{\text{S}})=\text{j}\omega {L}_{\text{eq2}}{\dot{I}}_{\text{2}}$
$\dot{U}_{\mathrm{S}}=\mathrm{j} \omega M \dot{I}_{1}$
$\dot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{\mathrm{P}}=\mathrm{j} \omega M \dot{\boldsymbol{I}}_{2}$
式中:${\dot{U}}_{\text{1}}$${\dot{U}}_{\text{2}}$${\dot{U}}_{\text{P}}$${\dot{U}}_{\text{S}}$${\dot{I}}_{\text{1}}$${\dot{I}}_{\text{2}}$分别为${u}_{1}、{u}_{2}$${u}_{\text{p}}、{u}_{\text{s}}、{i}_{1}、{i}_{2}$的相量形式。
根据式(2)和式(3)可设谐振槽电压基波分量:${\dot{U}}_{\text{1c}}=\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\angle 0,{\dot{U}}_{\text{1d}}=\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\angle \text{π},{\dot{U}}_{\text{2c}}=\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|\angle {\theta }_{\text{c}},{\dot{U}}_{\text{2d}}=$$\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|\angle \text{π}+{\theta }_{\text{d}}$
联合式(6)~式(9),可得各基波谐振槽电流为
$\dot{I}_{1 \mathrm{c}}=\left|I_{1 \mathrm{c}}\right| \angle\left(-\pi / 2+\theta_{\mathrm{c}}+\arcsin K_{1 \mathrm{c}}\right)$
$\dot{I}_{1 \mathrm{d}}=\left|I_{1 \mathrm{d}}\right| \angle\left(\pi / 2+\theta_{\mathrm{d}}+\arcsin K_{1 \mathrm{d}}\right)$
$\dot{I}_{2 \mathrm{c}}=\left|I_{2 \mathrm{c}}\right| \angle\left(-\pi / 2-\arcsin K_{2 \mathrm{c}}\right)$
$\dot{I}_{2 \mathrm{d}}=\left|I_{2 \mathrm{d}}\right| \angle\left(\pi / 2+\arcsin K_{2 \mathrm{d}}\right)$
式中:$\left|{I}_{\text{1c}}\right|={I}_{\text{1cN}}/[{\omega }_{\text{c}}\text{(}{M}^{\text{2}}-{L}_{\text{eq1c}}{L}_{\text{eq2c}})]$
$\left|{I}_{\text{1d}}\right|={I}_{\text{1dN}}/[{\omega }_{\text{d}}({M}^{2}-{L}_{\text{eq1d}}{L}_{\text{eq2d}})]$
$\left|{I}_{\text{2c}}\right|={I}_{\text{2cN}}/\text{[}{\omega }_{\text{c}}\text{(}{M}^{\text{2}}-{L}_{\text{eq1c}}{L}_{\text{eq2c}}\text{)]}$
$\left|{I}_{\text{2d}}\right|={I}_{\text{2dN}}/\text{[}{\omega }_{\text{d}}\text{(}{M}^{\text{2}}-{L}_{\text{eq1d}}{L}_{\text{eq2d}}\text{)]}$
${K}_{\text{1c}}={L}_{\text{eq2c}}\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{c}}/{\text{I}}_{\text{1cN}}$
${K}_{\text{1d}}={L}_{\text{eq2d}}\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\text{sin}{\theta }_{d}/{I}_{\text{1dN}}$
${K}_{\text{2c}}={L}_{\text{eq1c}}\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{c}}/{I}_{\text{2cN}}$
${K}_{\text{2d}}={L}_{\text{eq1d}}\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|\text{sin}{\theta }_{d}/{I}_{\text{2dN}}$
$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\text{1cN}}=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\sqrt{{L}_{\text{eq2c}}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|}^{\text{2}}+{M}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|}^{\text{2}}-\text{2}{L}_{\text{eq2c}}M\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|\text{cos}{\theta }_{\text{c}}};\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\text{2cN}}=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\sqrt{{L}_{\text{eq1c}}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|}^{\text{2}}+{M}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|}^{\text{2}}-\text{2}{L}_{\text{eq1c}}M\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|\text{cos}{\theta }_{\text{c}}};\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\text{1dN}}=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\sqrt{{L}_{\text{eq2d}}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|}^{\text{2}}\text{+}{M}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|}^{\text{2}}-\text{2}{L}_{\text{eq2d}}M\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|\text{cos}{\theta }_{\text{d}}};\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\text{2dN}}\text{=}\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\sqrt{{L}_{\text{eq1d}}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|}^{\text{2}}+{M}^{\text{2}}{\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|}^{\text{2}}-\text{2}{L}_{\text{eq1d}}M\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|\text{cos}{\theta }_{\text{d}}}。\end{array}$
由式(10)和式(11)可得
${i}_{1}={i}_{\text{1c}}+{i}_{\text{1d}}$
式中:i1c(t)=$\sqrt{\text{2}}$|I1c|cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}t$-${\omega }_{\text{L}}t$-π/2+${\theta }_{\text{c}}$+arcsinK1d);i1d(t)=$\sqrt{\text{2}}$|I1d|cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}t$+${\omega }_{\text{L}}t$+π/2+${\theta }_{\text{d}}$+arcsinK1d)。
同理,由式(12)和式(13)可得${i}_{2}$,在此不再详细叙述。
在瞬时时刻,认为${v}_{\text{ab}}、{i}_{\text{1}}$是直流,且${v}_{\text{ab}}$的高次谐波与${i}_{1}$相乘为高频瞬态功率成分,因此ab端向谐振槽发出的瞬态功率为
${p}_{\text{ab}}\approx {u}_{\text{1}}{i}_{1}={P}_{\text{ab}}+\widehat{p}$
式中:${P}_{\text{ab}}$为低频功率分量,直接关系网侧电流的质量,${P}_{\text{ab}}=\text{2}\left|{U}_{\text{1}}\right|\text{sin(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{)}\left[\left|{I}_{\text{1c}}\right|\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t-{\theta }_{\text{c}}-\text{arcsin}{K}_{\text{1c}}\text{)}-\right.\left|{I}_{\text{1d}}\right|\cdot $$\left.\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+{\theta }_{\text{d}}+\text{arcsin}{K}_{\text{1d}}\text{)}\right]$$\widehat{p}$为高频功率分量,容易被滤波器吸收或发出。
忽略电网电压固有的谐波分量时,可得网侧电流为
$\begin{array}{l}{i}_{\text{g}}(t)={P}_{\text{grid}}/{v}_{\text{grid}}(t)\approx {P}_{\text{ab}}/{v}_{\text{grid}}(t)=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\frac{\text{4}}{\text{π}}\mathrm{sin}\frac{{\phi }_{\text{1}}}{2}\left[\left|{I}_{\text{1c}}\right|\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t-{\theta }_{\text{c}}-\text{arcsin}{K}_{\text{1c}}\text{)}-\right.\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\left.\left|{I}_{\text{1d}}\right|\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+{\theta }_{\text{d}}+\text{arcsin}{K}_{\text{1d}}\text{)}\right]\text{ } \end{array}$
由式(16)可见,当${v}_{\text{cd}}$含有${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$这2个基波时,${i}_{\text{g}}$仅含有工频分量。欲进一步降低${i}_{\text{g}}$低次谐波含量,根据式(16),则应使$\left|{I}_{1\text{c}}\right|\text{=}\left|{I}_{1\text{d}}\right|$${\theta }_{\text{c}}={\theta }_{\text{d}}$${K}_{\text{1c}}\text{=}{K}_{1\text{d}}$,此时得到网侧电流为
${i}_{\text{g}}\left(t\right)={K}_{\text{g}}\text{sin}\left({\omega }_{\text{L}}t\right)$
式中,${K}_{\text{g}}=8\text{sin}\left({\phi }_{1}/2\right)\left|{I}_{\text{1c}}\right|\text{sin}\left(\theta +\text{arcsin}{K}_{\text{1c}}\right)/\text{π}$
欲使$\left|{I}_{1\text{c}}\right|\text{=}\left|{I}_{1\text{d}}\right|$${K}_{\text{1c}}={K}_{\text{1d}}$,根据式(10)、式(11),则此时应使${L}_{\text{eq1c}}\approx {L}_{\text{eq1d}}$${L}_{\text{eq2c}}\approx {L}_{\text{eq2d}}$${\theta }_{\text{c}}={\theta }_{\text{d}}$$\left|{U}_{2}\right|=$$\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|=\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|$
根据式(5)可知,当${\omega }_{\text{c}}\approx {\omega }_{\text{d}}$时,${L}_{\text{eq1c}}\approx {L}_{\text{eq1d}}$${L}_{\text{eq2c}}\approx {L}_{\text{eq2d}}$
综上所述,当${\omega }_{\text{c}}\approx {\omega }_{\text{d}}$$\theta ={\theta }_{\text{c}}={\theta }_{\text{d}}$$\left|{U}_{2}\right|=$$\left|{U}_{2\text{c}}\right|=$$\left|{U}_{2\text{d}}\right|$时,网侧电流${i}_{g}$仅含有工频成分,且相位也基本与网侧电压一致,此时网侧电流${i}_{g}$是正弦波形。
由于通常${\omega }_{\text{T}}\gg {\omega }_{\text{L}}$,则${\omega }_{\text{c}}\approx {\omega }_{\text{d}}$,即可根据$\theta =$${\theta }_{\text{c}}={\theta }_{\text{d}}$$\left|{U}_{2}\right|=\left|{U}_{2\text{c}}\right|=\left|{U}_{2\text{d}}\right|$,在二次侧H桥引入网侧电流谐波抑制调制策略。
$\theta ={\theta }_{\text{c}}={\theta }_{\text{d}}$$\left|{U}_{2}\right|=\left|{U}_{2\text{c}}\right|=\left|{U}_{2\text{d}}\right|$时,对前述推导过程引出的式(3)进行化简,可推导此时${v}_{\text{cd}}$的基波分量为
$\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\text{2}}\text{(}t\text{)}=\sqrt{2}\text{|}{U}_{2}\text{|}\left[\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{+}\theta \text{)}-\right.\\ \left.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{cos(}{\omega }_{\text{T}}t\text{+}{\omega }_{\text{L}}t\text{+π+}\theta \text{)}\right]\end{array}$
对于二次侧H桥变换器,cd端的电压可表示为
${v}_{\text{cd}}(t)={v}_{\text{c}N}(t)-{v}_{\text{d}N}(t)$
式中,N为开关管${\text{S}}_{6}$${\text{S}}_{8}$的公共节点。
为使${v}_{\text{cd}}$的基波分量${u}_{2}$满足式(18),所提调制策略的开关调制函数为
$m(t)={m}_{1}(t)-{m}_{2}(t)=\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]+$
$\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }1\}/2-\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]+1\}\text{/}2$
式中:${m}_{1}(t)$为S5的开关调制函数,m1(t)={sgn[cos·$({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )$]+1}/2;${m}_{2}(t)$为S7的开关调制函数m2(t)=$\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]+1\}/2$
根据开关调制函数,此时有
$\begin{array}{l}{v}_{\text{c}N}(t)={V}_{\text{b}}{m}_{1}(t)=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }{V}_{\text{b}}\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]+1\}\text{/}2\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{v}_{\text{d}N}(t)={V}_{\text{b}}{m}_{2}(t)=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }{V}_{\text{b}}\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]+1\}\text{/}2\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{v}_{\text{cd}}\text{(}t\text{)=}{V}_{\text{b}}\{\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]-\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{sgn}[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )]\}\text{/}2\end{array}$
所提策略开关驱动信号与${v}_{\text{cd}}$波形如图4所示,图中显示了工频电网电压${v}_{\text{g}}$由负值变为正值后(此时${v}_{\text{g}}$处于正半周期),第1个开关周期的H桥开关驱动信号${v}_{\text{cd}}$的波形。该策略具体的开关管工作原理:${\text{S}}_{6}$的驱动信号与${\text{S}}_{5}$互补,${\text{S}}_{8}$的驱动信号与${\text{S}}_{7}$互补;对于4个开关管的驱动信号,${\text{S}}_{5}$${\text{S}}_{6}$驱动信号波形是开关频率为${\omega }_{\text{c}}$=${\omega }_{\text{T}}$-${\omega }_{\text{L}}$、占空比为50%的方波,当cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}$-${\omega }_{\text{L}}$+θ)>0时,${\text{S}}_{5}$导通、${\text{S}}_{6}$关断,当cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}$-${\omega }_{\text{L}}$+θ)<0时,${\text{S}}_{6}$导通、${\text{S}}_{5}$关断;${\text{S}}_{7}$${\text{S}}_{8}$驱动信号波形采用开关频率为ωd=${\omega }_{\text{T}}$+${\omega }_{\text{L}}$、占空比为50%的方波,当cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}$+${\omega }_{\text{L}}$+θ)>0时,${\text{S}}_{7}$导通、${\text{S}}_{8}$关断,当cos(${\omega }_{\text{T}}$+${\omega }_{\text{L}}$+θ)<0时,${\text{S}}_{8}$导通、${\text{S}}_{7}$关断。
该调制策略下,${\text{S}}_{5}$${\text{S}}_{7}$的驱动信号波形存在1个同步点,即图4中横坐标的零点。在同步点,${\text{S}}_{5}$${\text{S}}_{7}$的驱动信号波形同时存在1个上升沿,相应的${v}_{\text{g}}$正好从负值变为正值。在1个工频周期后,${\text{S}}_{5}$${\text{S}}_{7}$的驱动信号波形又回到同步点。在每个开关周期内,${v}_{\text{cd}}$波形与移相控制波形近似,由于${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$相差较小,其角频率为${\omega }_{\text{T}}$${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角较小,但随着${\omega }_{\text{T}}$周期不断增多,${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角是连续变化的。当${v}_{\text{g}}$的绝对值不断增大,${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角的绝对值也不断增大;当${v}_{\text{g}}$的绝对值不断减小,${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角的绝对值也不断减小。即${v}_{\text{g}}$的绝对值达到最大时,此时${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角的绝对值接近于π(弧度制);当${v}_{\text{g}}$的绝对值达到最小时,此时${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角的绝对值接近于0。当${v}_{\text{g}}$极性发生反转后,${v}_{\text{cd}}$${\omega }_{\text{T}}$周期的相位也增加了π(此时,也可认为${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效自移相角加上π)。如此,在工频周期内,每个${\omega }_{\text{T}}$周期的${v}_{\text{cd}}$的等效的自移相角连续循环变化。
根据调制策略,对式(23)进行化简可得${v}_{\text{cd}}$的基波分量为
$\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\text{2}}(t)=\frac{2{V}_{\text{b}}}{\text{π}}\left[\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t-{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )-\right.\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\left.\mathrm{cos}({\omega }_{\text{T}}t+{\omega }_{\text{L}}t+\theta )\right]\end{array}$
由式(24)可知,在引入网侧电流谐波抑制调制策略后,${u}_{2}$中含有${\omega }_{\text{c}}$${\omega }_{\text{d}}$这2个基波,且θ=${\theta }_{\text{c}}$= ${\theta }_{\text{d}}$$\left|{U}_{2}\right|=\left|{U}_{\text{2c}}\right|=\left|{U}_{\text{2d}}\right|=$$\sqrt{2}{V}_{\text{b}}/\text{π}$
对比式(2)与式(24)可知,${u}_{1}$${u}_{2}$的表达形式一致,仅存在一定倍数关系,即${v}_{\text{g}}$在正半周从0值开始,至整个工频周期结束,如果在每个${\omega }_{\text{T}}$周期内对${v}_{\text{ab}}$${v}_{\text{cd}}$进行傅里叶分析,可以得到${v}_{\text{cd}}$的基波分量有效值与${v}_{\text{ab}}$基波分量有效值变化是一致的,存在一定倍数关系。根据${v}_{\text{ab}}$的波形也可以观测出,在工频周期内,${v}_{\text{cd}}$${\omega }_{\text{T}}$周期的基波有效值或等效的自移相角变化情况。
为验证所提网侧电流谐波抑制调制策略的可行性与有效性,搭建了1套MC-WPT系统实验平台,实验系统参数如下。工频电源:${v}_{\text{g}}$(RMS)= 50 V,${f}_{\text{L}}$=50 Hz;电池:${V}_{\text{b}}$=50 V,由4组12 V铅蓄电池组成;开关频率:${f}_{\text{T}}$=50 kHz,${f}_{\text{c}}={f}_{\text{T}}-{f}_{\text{L}}$${f}_{\text{d}}$= ${f}_{\text{T}}+{f}_{\text{L}}$;网侧滤波器参数:${f}_{\text{L}}$=80 μH,${C}_{\text{f}}$=5 μF;谐振槽参数:${L}_{1}$=163 μH,${L}_{2}$=164 μH,${C}_{1}$=62.1 nF,${C}_{2}$= 61.2 nF,M=73.7 μH,开关器件MOSFET IXFH50N 60X。
实验系统实现方案主要以Altera Cyclone IV EP 4CE6E22C8 FPGA芯片作为系统核心控制器,利用工频电压采样检测电路,辅以软件同步算法,实现工频电压相位跟踪、工频电压极性判断、工频与开关频率的同步。
在额定工况(θ=π/2,${\phi }_{1}$=π)时,${v}_{\text{ab}}$${v}_{\text{cd}}$${i}_{1}$${i}_{2}$波形如图5所示。可见,所提谐波抑制策略使vcd在每个${f}_{\text{T}}$频率对应的周期内,当忽略其具有的直流偏量时,其波形与传统的内移相控制波形近似,实际其可等效的内移相角变化规律与电网电压${v}_{\text{g}}$的瞬态值变化规律类似,如文献[17]中电池侧Boost变换器的开关管占空比D
在额定工况(θ=π/2,${\phi }_{1}$=π)时,电池充电电流${i}_{\text{b}}$波形如图6所示。可见,电池充电电流${i}_{\text{b}}$波形是良好的正弦纹波电流波形,系统采用正弦纹波电流SRC(sinusoidal ripple current)充电方式给电池充电,相关SRC充电方式在文献[19]中阐述。
实验系统在额定工况的${v}_{\text{g}}$${i}_{\text{g}}$波形如图7所示。可见,实验结果与理论分析基本一致,所提谐波抑制策略能有效抑制低次谐波,并降低网侧电流的THD,此时系统效率约为93%,网侧电流THD约为3.75%,功率因数约为97%。
不同的桥间移相角下,网侧电流${i}_{\text{g}}$的THD如图8所示。如图7图8所示,所提谐波抑制调制策略,在不同工况下,均能有效降低网侧电流低次谐波含量及THD,有利于满足实验系统入网要求。
本文以消除低次谐波为目标,根据MC-WPT系统的矩阵变换器输出电压含有2个基波分量的特性,总结了双基波归一化数学模型,推导出了降低网侧电流低次谐波含量的条件,进一步提出1种谐波抑制调制策略。有效降低了网侧电流低次谐波含量及THD,消除了笨重的电网侧低频滤波器,减少了系统对电网的污染。
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2020202177)
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2025年第23卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.171
  • 接收时间:2022-02-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-01
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-22
  • 修回日期:2022-03-23
  • 录用日期:2022-04-13
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020202177)
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2020202177)
作者信息
    1 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(河北工业大学电气工程学院),天津 300130
    2 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(河北工业大学电气工程学院),天津 300130

通讯作者:

黄珺(1986— ),男,博士,工程师。研究方向:高频功率变换技术、无线电能传输技术。E-mail:
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