Article(id=1146828032427298965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.151, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1675612800000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1680278400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-04-01, onlineDate=1751354709964, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1738166400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354709964, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073878525, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354709964, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354709964, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828028623066093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354709057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499536223, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=151, endPage=159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844444402418473, articleId=1146828032427298965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Multi-bus Cascaded Subsea DC Power Supply System, columnId=1152281496049037440, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Power System, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the scale expansion of a subsea observation network, the stability of its high-power power supply system has attracted attention. First, the impedance models of key parts in the subsea power supply system are established. Considering the characteristics of high power electronic penetration rate, multi-bus cascading and adjacent bus interactive coupling of the subsea DC power supply system, the stability and influencing factors of the system are explored by using the step-by-step analysis method. The analysis result shows that the integral parameter of the controller is the dominant parameter that leads to the instability of the Buck converter, and the proportional parameter of the controller is the dominant parameter that results in the instability of the junction box subsystem. Both an increase in the impedance parameter of the optoelectronic composite cable and a decrease in the inductance parameter are beneficial to improving the system stability. The simulation results based on the PLECS simulation software verify the stability analysis results.

, correspAuthors=Yang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Haojie CHEN, Yang LI, Zhikang SHUAI, Xiangyang WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828039612142467, articleId=1146828032427298965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=多母线级联的海底直流供电系统阻抗建模与稳定性分析, columnId=1149830042320109574, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电力系统, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着海底观测网规模的扩大,其大功率供电系统的稳定性问题受到关注。基于此,建立了海底供电系统关键部件的阻抗模型,针对海底直流供电系统高电力电子渗透率、多母线级联且邻级母线交互耦合的特点,采用逐级分析法探究海底直流供电系统稳定性及其影响因素。分析结果表明:控制器积分参数是Buck变换器失稳的主导参数,控制器比例参数是接驳盒子系统失稳的主导参数,光电复合海缆电阻参数的增大及电感参数的减小均可有效提升系统的稳定性。基于PLECS仿真软件的仿真结果验证了稳定性分析结果的正确性。

, correspAuthors=李杨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李杨(1991— ),男,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:电能质量控制和电力电子。E-mail:
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陈浩杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流系统建模与稳定性分析。E-mail:

帅智康(1982— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电能质量控制理论、微电网的稳定性分析及控制、电力电子技术及应用。E-mail:

吴向阳(1993— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:中压直流系统稳定性分析。E-mail:

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陈浩杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流系统建模与稳定性分析。E-mail:

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陈浩杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流系统建模与稳定性分析。E-mail:

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帅智康(1982— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电能质量控制理论、微电网的稳定性分析及控制、电力电子技术及应用。E-mail:

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帅智康(1982— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电能质量控制理论、微电网的稳定性分析及控制、电力电子技术及应用。E-mail:

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吴向阳(1993— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:中压直流系统稳定性分析。E-mail:

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吴向阳(1993— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:中压直流系统稳定性分析。E-mail:

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caption=Voltage waveforms of system at node 3 under different parameters, figureFileSmall=dQuCmJj2WT3JvaojSzfn3g==, figureFileBig=jBqTKvA+xOGFyH3zLuTgEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205931314730041706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828032427298965, language=CN, label=图18, caption=不同参数下系统节点3电压波形, figureFileSmall=dQuCmJj2WT3JvaojSzfn3g==, figureFileBig=jBqTKvA+xOGFyH3zLuTgEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205931314834899310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828032427298965, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

System parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 参数 数值
MMC 输出电压Vdc/kV 10
桥臂电感Larm/H 0.02
子模块电容CSM/mF 1
输出功率P/kW 50
桥臂电阻Rarm 0.1
子模块数NMMC/个 20
LLC谐振变换器 输入电压Vin_LLC/kV 1
输出电压Vo_LLC/V 375
子模块数NLLC/个 10
额定功率PLLC/kW 5
输入电容Cin_LLC/μF 120
谐振电感Lr/μH 52
谐振电容Cr/nF 43.9
励磁电感Lm/μH 364
输出电容Co/μF 2 200
比例参数Kp1 10
积分参数Ki1 10 000
Buck
变换器
输出电压Vo2/V 48
负载数量NBuck/个 10
输出功率Po2/kW 5
电容参数C/μF 1 250
比例参数Kp2 0.05
积分参数Ki2 10
), ArticleFig(id=1205931314952339821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828032427298965, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

系统参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 参数 数值
MMC 输出电压Vdc/kV 10
桥臂电感Larm/H 0.02
子模块电容CSM/mF 1
输出功率P/kW 50
桥臂电阻Rarm 0.1
子模块数NMMC/个 20
LLC谐振变换器 输入电压Vin_LLC/kV 1
输出电压Vo_LLC/V 375
子模块数NLLC/个 10
额定功率PLLC/kW 5
输入电容Cin_LLC/μF 120
谐振电感Lr/μH 52
谐振电容Cr/nF 43.9
励磁电感Lm/μH 364
输出电容Co/μF 2 200
比例参数Kp1 10
积分参数Ki1 10 000
Buck
变换器
输出电压Vo2/V 48
负载数量NBuck/个 10
输出功率Po2/kW 5
电容参数C/μF 1 250
比例参数Kp2 0.05
积分参数Ki2 10
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多母线级联的海底直流供电系统阻抗建模与稳定性分析
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陈浩杰 , 李杨 , 帅智康 , 吴向阳
电源学报 | 电力系统 2025,23(1): 151-159
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电源学报 | 电力系统 2025, 23(1): 151-159
多母线级联的海底直流供电系统阻抗建模与稳定性分析
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陈浩杰 , 李杨 , 帅智康 , 吴向阳
作者信息
  • 湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,长沙 410082
  • 陈浩杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流系统建模与稳定性分析。E-mail:

    帅智康(1982— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电能质量控制理论、微电网的稳定性分析及控制、电力电子技术及应用。E-mail:

    吴向阳(1993— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:中压直流系统稳定性分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李杨(1991— ),男,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:电能质量控制和电力电子。E-mail:
Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Multi-bus Cascaded Subsea DC Power Supply System
Haojie CHEN , Yang LI , Zhikang SHUAI , Xiangyang WU
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
出版时间: 2025-01-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.151
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随着海底观测网规模的扩大,其大功率供电系统的稳定性问题受到关注。基于此,建立了海底供电系统关键部件的阻抗模型,针对海底直流供电系统高电力电子渗透率、多母线级联且邻级母线交互耦合的特点,采用逐级分析法探究海底直流供电系统稳定性及其影响因素。分析结果表明:控制器积分参数是Buck变换器失稳的主导参数,控制器比例参数是接驳盒子系统失稳的主导参数,光电复合海缆电阻参数的增大及电感参数的减小均可有效提升系统的稳定性。基于PLECS仿真软件的仿真结果验证了稳定性分析结果的正确性。

海底观测网  /  直流供电系统  /  阻抗建模  /  小信号稳定性

With the scale expansion of a subsea observation network, the stability of its high-power power supply system has attracted attention. First, the impedance models of key parts in the subsea power supply system are established. Considering the characteristics of high power electronic penetration rate, multi-bus cascading and adjacent bus interactive coupling of the subsea DC power supply system, the stability and influencing factors of the system are explored by using the step-by-step analysis method. The analysis result shows that the integral parameter of the controller is the dominant parameter that leads to the instability of the Buck converter, and the proportional parameter of the controller is the dominant parameter that results in the instability of the junction box subsystem. Both an increase in the impedance parameter of the optoelectronic composite cable and a decrease in the inductance parameter are beneficial to improving the system stability. The simulation results based on the PLECS simulation software verify the stability analysis results.

Subsea observation network  /  DC power supply system  /  impedance modeling  /  small-signal stability
陈浩杰, 李杨, 帅智康, 吴向阳. 多母线级联的海底直流供电系统阻抗建模与稳定性分析. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (1) : 151 -159 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.151
Haojie CHEN, Yang LI, Zhikang SHUAI, Xiangyang WU. Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Multi-bus Cascaded Subsea DC Power Supply System[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (1) : 151 -159 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.151
海底科学观测网是人类观测地球的第三个平台[1],其建设可以为国家海洋安全、资源与能源开发、环境监测和灾害预警预报等研究提供支撑。近年来,国际上多个国家都在加紧建设其海底观测网,抢占海上先机。我国在“十四五”规划中将海底科学观测网列为六个战略导向型国家重大科技基础设施之一[2]
海底供电系统为海底观测网的运行提供电能,是海底观测网稳定运行的重要保障。海底供电系统呈现高电力电子渗透率、多母线级联且邻级母线之间经中间变换器强交互耦合的特点,而系统中大量变换器与系统之间交互耦合易导致系统发生振荡失稳[3],威胁海底供电系统安全、稳定运行。
针对级联系统的小扰动稳定性,现有文献主要采用阻抗比判据进行分析,仅需要计算两侧变换器的输入、输出阻抗,不需要求取系统整体的传递函数,计算量小,但适用的前提是各变换器的阻抗模型不包含右半平面极点[4],因此存在一定局限性;文献[5]提出1种母线等效阻抗判据来分析具有两级母线的直流系统稳定性,该方法利用其中一级母线等效阻抗来判定系统整体稳定性,难以辨识系统整体稳定性的薄弱环节;文献[6]通过分级式方法研究多母线级联系统的稳定性,即通过逐级分析系统稳定性及影响因素,可以有效辨识系统整体稳定性的薄弱环节,但未考虑线路阻抗对系统稳定性的影响;文献[7]提出了1种基于母线节点阻抗判据,研究包含线路阻抗的配电系统稳定性,但未给出有效分析系统稳定性主导影响参数的分析思路。
针对海底供电系统呈现高电力电子渗透率、多母线级联的结构特点,本文采用逐级分析法进行系统稳定性分析,并针对不同变换器的阻抗特性和系统特征选择合理的判据进行稳定性判定;同时,为有效影响系统稳定性的主导参数,利用参数灵敏度定量分析不同级变换器参数或线路参数对稳定性的影响,识别系统失稳主导参数;最后在PLECS仿真平台搭建仿真模型,验证理论分析的准确性。
随着海底观测网规模的不断扩大和大量科学仪器的不断接入,海底观测网供电系统的功率等级也随之增大。为了保证供电的高可靠性,如图1所示的双端直流供电系统成为常见的供电拓扑,本文以此为研究对象。
供电系统主要由岸站、光电复合海缆和接驳盒构成。岸站作为海底观测网的电能中心和数据中心,将交流电转换为-10 kV直流电,采用模块化多电平变换器实现电能转换;光电复合海缆承担着系统电能和数据的输送任务,负责将-10 kV直流电输送至位于海底的主接驳盒;主接驳盒变换器则将岸站供给的-10 kV直流电转换为375 V低压直流电,采用输入串联输出并联ISOP(input-series output-parallel)结构的LLC谐振变换器实现;次接驳盒变换器再将375 V转换为低压48 V/12 V,为海底科学仪器供电。本文选取Buck变换器作为次接驳盒变换器的示例。
开展系统阻抗稳定性分析的前提是建立系统各模块的准确阻抗模型。本节针对模块化多电平变换器、LLC谐振变换器、Buck变换器进行阻抗建模,作为后续稳定性分析的必要基础。
LLC谐振变换器的电路拓扑如图2所示,由于LLC谐振变换器谐振腔中的有效成分为正弦量,故无法使用平均法对其进行小信号建模,而现有文献通常采用扩展描述函数法[8]对其进行建模。
采用扩展描述函数法建立LLC谐振变换器的闭环小信号模型[9]
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\dot{x}=Ax+Bu\\ y=Cx\end{array}\right.$
式中:$x={[{\widehat{i}}_{\text{rs}} {\widehat{i}}_{\text{rc}} {\widehat{v}}_{\text{rs}} {\widehat{v}}_{\text{rc}} {\widehat{i}}_{\text{ms}} {\widehat{i}}_{\text{mc}} {\widehat{v}}_{\text{o}}]}^{\text{T}}$;$\boldsymbol{u}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} \hat{v}_{\mathrm{in}} & \hat{i}_{\mathrm{o}} \end{array}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$;$y={[{\widehat{v}}_{\text{o}} {\widehat{i}}_{\text{in}}]}^{\text{T}}$ABC分别为系统矩阵、输入矩阵、输出矩阵。
LLC谐振变换器的输入导纳为
${Y}_{\text{inLLC}}={C}_{\text{2}}{(sI-A)}^{-1}{B}_{\text{1}}$
式中:C2为矩阵C的第2列;B1为矩阵B的第1行;s为复变量;I为单位矩阵。
模块化多电平变换器MMC(modular multi-level converter)的小信号建模方法主要有详细建模法[10]、平均值建模法[11]和谐波状态空间法[12]:详细建模法和谐波状态空间法得到的复杂模型适用于MMC多控制环交互失稳分析;平均值建模法得到的简化模型则适用于多变换器系统级稳定性分析[13]。故本文采用如图3所示的平均值模型进行分析,其等效电阻、等效电感、等效电容的计算式[12]分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{\text{eq}}=\frac{1}{3}{R}_{\text{arm}}\\ {L}_{\text{eq}}=\frac{1}{3}{L}_{\text{arm}}\\ {C}_{\text{eq}}=\frac{6{C}_{\text{SM}}}{N}\end{array}\right.$
式中:RarmLarmCSMN分别为模块化多电平变换器的桥臂电阻、桥臂电感、子模块电容和桥臂子模块数量。则模块化多电平变换器的输出阻抗为
${Z}_{\text{oMMC}}=2({R}_{\text{eq}}+s{L}_{\text{eq}})+\frac{1}{s{C}_{\text{eq}}}$
目前,Buck变换器小信号建模的方法有开关周期平均法、状态空间平均法和统一电路模型建模法[14]。本文采用开关周期平均法[15]建立其闭环二端口小信号模型,可表示为
$\left[\begin{array}{c}{\widehat{i}}_{\text{in}}\\ {\widehat{v}}_{\text{o}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{Y}_{\text{inBuck}}& {G}_{\text{iiBuck}}\\ {G}_{\text{vvBuck}}& -{Z}_{\text{oBuck}}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{\widehat{v}}_{\text{in}}\\ {\widehat{i}}_{\text{o}}\end{array}\right]$
Buck变换器的输入导纳为
${Y}_{\text{inBuck}}=\frac{{\widehat{i}}_{\text{in}}}{{\widehat{v}}_{\text{in}}}={G}_{\text{vi}}-\frac{{G}_{\text{vv}}{G}_{\text{di}}{G}_{\text{c}}}{1+{G}_{\text{vd}}{G}_{\text{c}}}$
式中:${\widehat{i}}_{\text{in}}$${\widehat{i}}_{\text{o}}$分别为输入电流小扰动和输出电流小扰动;${\widehat{v}}_{\text{in}}$${\widehat{v}}_{\text{o}}$分别为输入电压小扰动和输出电压小扰动;${G}_{\text{iiBuck}}$${G}_{\text{vvBuck}}$分别为输出电流小扰动到输入电流小扰动的闭环传递函数、输入电压小扰动到输出电压小扰动的闭环传递函数;${Z}_{\text{oBuck}}$为Buck变换器输出阻抗;${G}_{\text{vi}}$${G}_{\text{vv}}$${G}_{\text{di}}$${G}_{\text{c}}$${G}_{\text{vd}}$分别为输入电压小扰动到输入电流小扰动的开环传递函数、输入电压小扰动到输出电压小扰动的开环传递函数、占空比小扰动到输入电流小扰动的开环传递函数、控制器传递函数、占空比小扰动到输出电压小扰动开环传递函数。
在第2节建立的供电系统关键变换器阻抗模型基础上,可以得到如图4所示的海底双端直流供电系统的频域阻抗等效电路,用以进行系统稳定性分析,系统参数见表1
海底双端直流供电系统为多母线系统,光电复合海缆的分布式电感、电容等参数较大,其对于稳定性的影响不可忽略。针对海底供电系统高电力电子渗透率、多母线级联的特点,本文采用逐级分析法进行系统稳定性分析。根据海底双端直流供电系统结构(图4)对其进行分级:第1级为Buck变换器,第2级为LLC谐振变换器和后级Buck变换器的交互,第3级为模块化多电平变换器、光电复合海缆和接驳盒子系统的交互。
首先,针对Buck变换器自身的稳定性,可以根据式(5)中输入导纳YinBuck是否存在右半平面极点进行判断,若输入导纳包含右半平面极点,则Buck变换器自身不稳定,反之则稳定。
其次,针对接驳盒子系统的稳定性分析。图5为接驳盒子系统的等效电路,其中YinBuck为负载 Buck变换器的等效输入导纳,YinLLCZoLLC分别为LLC谐振变换器的输入导纳和输出阻抗。由于YinBuck中包含第1级母线负载阻抗,第1级母线负载与第2级母线变换器的交互影响可由YinBuck与LLC谐振变换器交互来反映。由于变频控制的LLC谐振变换器输出阻抗包含右半平面极点,不满足传统阻抗比判据应用的前提,因此需要计算接驳盒子系统等效输入导纳Yineq,并根据Yineq是否包含右半平面极点来判断LLC谐振变换器和负载的交互稳定性。
最后,针对模块化多电平变换器、光电复合海缆网络和接驳盒子系统之间的交互影响。如图6所示,第3级系统为多输入、多输出系统,需采用基于节点导纳矩阵的稳定性判据进行稳定性分析。
首先,根据基尔霍夫电流定律列出系统节点导纳方程,有
$\left[\begin{array}{cc}{Y}_{11}& {Y}_{12}\\ {Y}_{\text{21}}& {Y}_{\text{22}}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\text{o}}\\ {V}_{\text{in}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{I}_{\text{o}}\\ {I}_{\text{in}}\end{array}\right]$
式中:Vo=[vo1 vo2]TVin=[vin1 vin2]TIo=[io1 io2]TIin=[-iin1 -iin2]T
同时可得到系统节点阻抗方程
$\left[\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\text{o}}\\ {V}_{\text{in}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{Z}_{\text{11}}& {Z}_{\text{12}}\\ {Z}_{\text{21}}& {Z}_{\text{22}}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{I}_{\text{o}}\\ {I}_{\text{in}}\end{array}\right]$
模块化多电平变换器输出特性和接驳盒子系统输入特性的表达式分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\text{o}}={V}_{\text{s}}-{Z}_{\text{eq}}{I}_{\text{o}}={V}_{\text{s}}-{Z}_{\text{eq}}({Y}_{11}{V}_{\text{o}}+{Y}_{12}{V}_{\text{in}})\\ {I}_{\text{in}}={I}_{\text{s}}+{Y}_{\text{eq}}{V}_{\text{in}}={I}_{\text{s}}+{Y}_{\text{eq}}({Z}_{21}{I}_{\text{o}}-{Z}_{22}{I}_{\text{in}})\end{array}\right.$
式中:Vs=[vs1 vs2]TIs=[is1 is2]TZeq=diag(ZoMMC1 ZoMMC2);Yeq=diag(Yineq1 Yineq2)。
结合式(7) ~式(9)可推导出系统的回比矩阵为
$\begin{array}{l}{G}_{\text{net}}=\\ \left[\begin{array}{cc}{Y}_{\text{eq}}{(I-{Z}_{21}{Y}_{12})}^{-1}{Z}_{22}& -{Y}_{\text{eq}}{(I-{Z}_{21}{Y}_{12})}^{-1}{Z}_{21}{Y}_{11}\\ -{Z}_{\text{eq}}{(I-{Y}_{12}{Z}_{21})}^{-1}{Y}_{12}{Z}_{22}& {Z}_{\text{eq}}{(I-{Y}_{12}{Z}_{21})}^{-1}{Y}_{11}\end{array}\right]\end{array}$
式中,I为4×4的单位矩阵。
若系统回比矩阵Gnet满足广义奈奎斯特判据,即其广义奈奎斯特曲线不包围点(-1,0),则系统稳定;若不满足广义奈奎斯特判据,则系统不稳定。
采用第2节提出的稳定性分析方法判断海底供电系统的稳定性,并利用参数灵敏度定量分析部分系统参数对于各级稳定性的影响。
为了定量分析参数对稳定性的影响,可以采用参数灵敏度法进行研究。将相对参数灵敏度定义为
$S=\frac{\Delta \{\mathrm{Re}[{P}_{\text{d}}]\}}{\Delta \alpha }$
式中:Pd为输入导纳的主导极点;$\Delta \{\mathrm{Re}[{P}_{\text{d}}]\}$为主导极点实部的相对变化量,Δ{Re[Pd]}=(Re[P'd]-Re[Pd])/Re[Pd];Δα为某系统参数的相对变化量,一般选取一个较小值,如0.01。
Buck变换器自身稳定性参数灵敏度分析结果如图7所示,可见:增大控制参数Kp2或者减小电容参数C和控制参数Ki2可以提高Buck变换器自身的稳定性,其中Ki2对系统稳定性的影响最大,而电感参数L对系统稳定性的影响较小。
以Buck变换器控制器积分参数Ki2为例,参数发生变化时Buck变换器输入导纳的零极点分布如图8所示,可见:随着Ki2的增大,主导极点向虚轴靠近,甚至出现右半平面极点,系统稳定性下降。
在保证Buck变换器稳定的前提下,可以对第2级LLC谐振变换器与Buck变换器的交互稳定性进行分析。同第1级稳定性分析方法类似,可以得到接驳盒子系统各参数灵敏度分析结果,如图9所示。可见:增大Buck变换器电感参数、电容参数,或者减小Buck变换器控制器比例参数、LLC谐振变换器的谐振电感参数均可有效提高接驳盒子系统的稳定性,其中Buck变换器控制器比例控制参数Kp2对系统稳定性的影响较大。
以Buck变换器控制器控制比例参数Kp2为例,当比例参数Kp2发生变化时,接驳盒子系统等效输入导纳的零极点分布如图10所示。可见:随着Kp2的增大,主导极点向虚轴靠近,甚至出现右半平面极点,系统稳定性下降。
在接驳盒子系统稳定的前提下,海底双端直流供电系统的稳定性受到光电复合海缆参数、岸站变换器和接驳盒变换器阻抗特性的影响。当系统运行于表1所示参数时,系统回比矩阵的广义奈奎斯特曲线如图11所示,可以看到,曲线包围点(-1,0),系统失稳,穿越频率为1 126 Hz,振荡频率为1 254 Hz。
由于系统参数较多,首先通过灵敏度定量分析系统各模块对稳定性的影响,初步识别系统失稳主导模块,简化分析复杂度。将相对参数灵敏度定义为
$S=\frac{\Delta \lambda ({f}_{\text{cr}})}{\Delta \alpha }$
式中:λ为包围点(-1,0)的特征值;Δλ(fcr)=[λ(fcr2)-λ(fcr1)]/λ(fcr1)为参数改变前、后穿越频率处特征值λ的相对变化量;Δα为某系统参数的相对变化量,一般选取一个较小值,如0.01。
各模块灵敏度分析结果如图12所示,可以看到:光电复合海缆电阻、电感参数和接驳盒子系统的输入导纳对系统稳定性的影响较大,岸站变换器输出阻抗和光电复合海缆电容参数对系统稳定性的影响较小。同时,针对接驳盒子系统对系统稳定性的影响,首先分析接驳盒子系统输入导纳的实部和虚部对系统稳定性的影响,灵敏度分析结果如图13所示,可见:输入导纳的虚部对系统稳定性的影响较大,实部对系统稳定性的影响相对较小。接着分析控制参数对于输入导纳的影响,分析结果如图14所示,可见:接驳盒子系统控制参数对输入导纳实部影响较大,对于虚部的影响极小。故接驳盒子系统输入导纳Yineq对系统稳定性的影响较小,第3级稳定性主要受光电复合海缆电阻和电感参数的影响。
当光电复合海缆电阻、电感参数和Buck变换器比例参数取不同值时,系统回比矩阵Gnet的广义奈奎斯特曲线如图15所示,可见:当增大光电复合海缆电阻参数或者减小电感参数时,Gnet广义奈奎斯特曲线均不包围点(-1,0),表明系统稳定;而当减小Buck变换器控制参数Kp2时,Gnet广义奈奎斯特曲线包围点(-1,0),表明系统仍不稳定。
为了验证理论分析的正确性,通过PLECS仿真平台搭建仿真模型进行仿真验证。
不同控制参数下的Buck变换器输出电压波形如图16所示,可见:当Ki2=100时,系统振荡失稳;当Ki2=10时,系统稳定,仿真结果与理论分析相符。
不同控制参数下,LLC谐振变换器输出电压波形如图17所示,可见:当Kp2=0.05时,系统稳定;当Kp2=0.10时,系统振荡失稳,仿真结果与理论分析相符。
不同参数下,海底供电系统节点3处的电压波形如图18所示,可以看到:失稳案例的系统节点3处的电压波形振荡发散,振荡频率为1 250 Hz,增大电阻参数或减小电感参数后,电压波形收敛,系统稳定;减小控制参数Kp2后,电压波形仍振荡发散,稳定性改善不明显,仿真结果与理论分析相符。
本文针对海底双端直流供电系统,首先建立了关键变换器的阻抗模型,在此基础上采用逐级分析法对海底双端直流供电系统的稳定性进行了分析,通过参数灵敏度定量探究了系统参数对于各级系统稳定性的影响,最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,得到主要结论如下。
(1)在第1级稳定性分析中,增大电感参数和控制比例参数或减小电容参数和控制积分参数均可以提高Buck变换器自身的稳定性,其中Buck 变换器控制积分参数是该级的主导参数。
(2)在第2级稳定性分析中,增大Buck变换器电感、电容参数或减小Buck变换器控制比例参数、LLC谐振变换器谐振电感参数均可有效提高接驳盒子系统的稳定性,其中Buck变换器控制比例参数是该级的失稳主导参数。
(3)在第3级稳定性分析中,光电复合海缆电阻参数的增大或电感参数的减小均能提高海底双端直流供电系统的小信号稳定性。
在不同级的稳定性分析过程中,参数对于稳定性的影响效果存在冲突,在实际工程设计时需要注意参数的优化折中。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52125705)
  • 中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M701137)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ40066)
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2025年第23卷第1期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.151
  • 接收时间:2023-02-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-01
  • 出版时间:2025-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-06
  • 录用日期:2023-04-01
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125705)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52125705)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701137)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M701137)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ40066)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ40066)
作者信息
    湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,长沙 410082

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李杨(1991— ),男,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:电能质量控制和电力电子。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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