Article(id=1146828029260595211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1654012800000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-01, revisedDate=1659456000000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-03, acceptedDate=1662393600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-09-06, onlineDate=1751354709210, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354709210, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073867140, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354709210, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354709210, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=223, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844397292020283, articleId=1146828029260595211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Model Predictive Instantaneous Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Finite Voltage Vector Set Optimization, columnId=1152281495567168372, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Electric Machine System and Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the problems of unbalanced capacitor neutral-point voltage and high common-mode voltage in a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system powered by a T-type three-level inverter, a model predictive instantaneous torque control (MPITC) strategy based on finite voltage vector set optimization is proposed. First, in view of the influence of voltage vectors on the neutral-point voltage, only zero, small and large vectors are selected to participate in MPITC. Second, according to the relationship between the switching states and common-mode voltage, it is confirmed that 13 low common-mode voltage vectors participate in the control. To improve the operation performance of the motor, the long vector synthetic virtual voltage vector is used to replace the medium vector to participate in the model predictive control. Finally, according to the neutral-point potential and the motor current direction, the voltage vector which is favorable for maintaining the neutral-point voltage balance is selected from 19 voltage vectors as the preselected vector set. Experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the electromagnetic torque, flux linkage pulsation and common-mode voltage amplitude, and the neutral-point voltage achieves balanced control.

, correspAuthors=Yangzhong ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weijie ZHENG, Yangzhong ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828033949827301, articleId=1146828029260595211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于有限电压矢量集优化的永磁同步电动机模型预测瞬时转矩控制, columnId=1149830230325616646, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电机系统与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对T型三电平逆变器驱动的永磁同步电动机驱动系统存在的电容中点电压不易平衡、共模电压较高问题,提出1种有限电压矢量集优化的模型预测瞬时转矩控制MPITC(model predictive instantaneous torque control)策略。首先,鉴于电压矢量对中点电压的影响,仅选用零矢量、小矢量和大矢量参与MPITC。其次,基于开关状态与共模电压的关系,确定13个低共模电压矢量参与控制。再次,为提高电机运行性能,利用长矢量合成虚拟电压矢量替代中矢量参与模型预测控制。最后,根据中点电位和电机电流方向,从19个电压矢量中选出对维持中点电压平衡有利的电压矢量作为预选矢量集。实验结果证明了所提控制策略能够有效降低电磁转矩和磁链脉动及共模电压幅值,同时能够实现中点电压的平衡控制。

, correspAuthors=周扬忠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周扬忠(1971— ),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,教授。研究方向:现代调速系统、新能源发电系统。E-mail:
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郑伟杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力传动与变频调速系统。E-mail:

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郑伟杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力传动与变频调速系统。E-mail:

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郑伟杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力传动与变频调速系统。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on common-mode voltage interference of inverter and corresponding suppression measures, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945143102861682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945143111250291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, companyId=1205945143102861682, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Fujian Key Laboratory of New Energy Generation and Power Conversion (Fuzhou University), Fuzhou 350116, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945143119638900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, companyId=1205945143102861682, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建省新能源发电与电能变换重点实验室(福州大学),福州 350116)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1205945145065796146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Topology of T-type three-level inverter driving PMSM, figureFileSmall=UlA1hbqIru/uOyT4uXDkWw==, figureFileBig=4Y9W2fP26j3y9SlpVcyaQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145179042366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图1, caption=T型三电平逆变器驱动PMSM拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=UlA1hbqIru/uOyT4uXDkWw==, figureFileBig=4Y9W2fP26j3y9SlpVcyaQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145317454411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Voltage vectors of T-type three-level inverter, figureFileSmall=lFc54M3yXixLMs0IUhb9lg==, figureFileBig=e/O78pvPpOq5MvqkZm7odQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145439089238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图2, caption=T型三电平逆变器空间矢量, figureFileSmall=lFc54M3yXixLMs0IUhb9lg==, figureFileBig=e/O78pvPpOq5MvqkZm7odQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145627832931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Switching states corresponding to small vectors with POO and ONN, figureFileSmall=GRIYwWlfAPWu6xOg6l1uOg==, figureFileBig=/IVMWY+FNyGtiAHMKA+3Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145799799410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小矢量POO和ONN对应的开关状态, figureFileSmall=GRIYwWlfAPWu6xOg6l1uOg==, figureFileBig=/IVMWY+FNyGtiAHMKA+3Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945145904657023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Synthesizing method for virtual medium vector, figureFileSmall=+BzkxLvPl+ulC79cxLxhfQ==, figureFileBig=WVkShywB06oWSbQs6ozBhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945146005320332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图4, caption=虚拟中矢量的合成方法, figureFileSmall=+BzkxLvPl+ulC79cxLxhfQ==, figureFileBig=WVkShywB06oWSbQs6ozBhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945146156315287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Control block diagram of control strategy, figureFileSmall=HHzjvqN/h4EAhoC/NTm7Qg==, figureFileBig=j0AYIdhVLn7gSSPjcQ/fDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945146273755808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图5, caption=控制策略控制框图, figureFileSmall=HHzjvqN/h4EAhoC/NTm7Qg==, figureFileBig=j0AYIdhVLn7gSSPjcQ/fDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147515269804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Experimental prototype, figureFileSmall=nhLN9du5dE6oG4eB4L8F5g==, figureFileBig=q4KDqB7ACg/JMVLuWAm7xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147628516016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图6, caption=实验样机, figureFileSmall=nhLN9du5dE6oG4eB4L8F5g==, figureFileBig=q4KDqB7ACg/JMVLuWAm7xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147762733758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Waveforms in step speed experiment under MPITC strategy proposed in this paper, figureFileSmall=uaW2SK3grX0AOUKASFFBhg==, figureFileBig=ygFmTIOJue3Am55+osfLHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147884368586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图7, caption=本文所提MPITC转速阶跃实验波形, figureFileSmall=uaW2SK3grX0AOUKASFFBhg==, figureFileBig=ygFmTIOJue3Am55+osfLHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147980837588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Waveforms in two-level step speed experiment under MPITC strategy proposed in this paper, figureFileSmall=Y5e38elw390U/cnkLH4GrA==, figureFileBig=64sfHlkq1UhRuUt9i1CJeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148098278105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图8, caption=两电平MPITC转速阶跃实验波形, figureFileSmall=Y5e38elw390U/cnkLH4GrA==, figureFileBig=64sfHlkq1UhRuUt9i1CJeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148211524324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Waveforms in step speed experiment under control strategy of traditional three-level algorithm, figureFileSmall=rnpGmrkTVdCH11DjXpQqbg==, figureFileBig=u1rop2/AifAtzUJZPcoVkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148345742067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图9, caption=三电平传统算法控制策略转速阶跃实验波形, figureFileSmall=rnpGmrkTVdCH11DjXpQqbg==, figureFileBig=u1rop2/AifAtzUJZPcoVkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148475765500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Waveforms in step load experiment under three-level MPITC strategy proposed in this paper, figureFileSmall=9OGERznO6OXUgW8+Br3BzA==, figureFileBig=n+Oxr6VWiJv9X3Qkhxdxgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148601594631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图10, caption=本文所提三电平MPITC负载阶跃实验波形, figureFileSmall=9OGERznO6OXUgW8+Br3BzA==, figureFileBig=n+Oxr6VWiJv9X3Qkhxdxgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148719035151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Experimental waveforms of common-mode voltage, figureFileSmall=e8S5f1oyKo0K/qUzz09rzA==, figureFileBig=wRMiIplFiIUuVNBrqMkApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148828087062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图11, caption=共模电压实验波形, figureFileSmall=e8S5f1oyKo0K/qUzz09rzA==, figureFileBig=wRMiIplFiIUuVNBrqMkApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148907778846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=FFT analysis of common-mode voltage, figureFileSmall=JJzBgqGvKUVFFxDvCL7CdA==, figureFileBig=Jz2Pb+Uwrj8LE/OS5Im2Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149012636455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图12, caption=共模电压FFT分析, figureFileSmall=JJzBgqGvKUVFFxDvCL7CdA==, figureFileBig=Jz2Pb+Uwrj8LE/OS5Im2Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149113299757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Experimental waveforms of off-line voltage at rated load and different speeds, figureFileSmall=+DQtDiX5RACTCPuZ/0ZTKA==, figureFileBig=5diAoXUpy0UkN3PpLSTYjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149222351670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图13, caption=额定负载、不同转速下线电压实验波形, figureFileSmall=+DQtDiX5RACTCPuZ/0ZTKA==, figureFileBig=5diAoXUpy0UkN3PpLSTYjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149335597885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=FFT analysis of line voltage, figureFileSmall=D/eXQ6TUO3duvcyfvoQ3Mg==, figureFileBig=vNUQvRIS7eQe1ETZIiDZog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149465621322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=图14, caption=线电压FFT分析, figureFileSmall=D/eXQ6TUO3duvcyfvoQ3Mg==, figureFileBig=vNUQvRIS7eQe1ETZIiDZog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149578867535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Amplitude of output vectors from T-type three-level inverter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量类型 开关状态 幅值
大矢量 PNN, PPN, PNP, NNP,
NPN, NPP
$2{U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
中矢量 PON, PNO, OPN, ONP,
NOP, NPO
$\sqrt{3}{U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
小矢量 ONN, PPO, NON, OPP,
NNO, POP, POO, OON,
OPO, NOO, OOP, ONO
${U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
零矢量 OOO, PPP, NNN 0
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149713085272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

T型三电平逆变器输出矢量幅值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量类型 开关状态 幅值
大矢量 PNN, PPN, PNP, NNP,
NPN, NPP
$2{U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
中矢量 PON, PNO, OPN, ONP,
NOP, NPO
$\sqrt{3}{U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
小矢量 ONN, PPO, NON, OPP,
NNO, POP, POO, OON,
OPO, NOO, OOP, ONO
${U}_{\text{dc}}\text{/3}$
零矢量 OOO, PPP, NNN 0
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149830525790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Neutral-point current corresponding to small vectors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关状态 中点电流${i}_{o}$ 开关状态 中点电流${i}_{o}$
POO $-{i}_{\text{a}}$ ONN ${i}_{\text{a}}$
PPO ${i}_{\text{c}}$ OON $-{i}_{\text{c}}$
OPO $-{i}_{\text{b}}$ NON ${i}_{\text{b}}$
OPP ${i}_{\text{a}}$ NOO $-{i}_{\text{a}}$
OOP $-{i}_{\text{c}}$ NNO ${i}_{\text{c}}$
POP ${i}_{\text{b}}$ ONO $-{i}_{\text{b}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150019269484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小矢量对应中点电流

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关状态 中点电流${i}_{o}$ 开关状态 中点电流${i}_{o}$
POO $-{i}_{\text{a}}$ ONN ${i}_{\text{a}}$
PPO ${i}_{\text{c}}$ OON $-{i}_{\text{c}}$
OPO $-{i}_{\text{b}}$ NON ${i}_{\text{b}}$
OPP ${i}_{\text{a}}$ NOO $-{i}_{\text{a}}$
OOP $-{i}_{\text{c}}$ NNO ${i}_{\text{c}}$
POP ${i}_{\text{b}}$ ONO $-{i}_{\text{b}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150128321396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Common-mode voltage amplitude in switching states mentioned in Section 2.2.1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量类型 开关状态 ${u}_{\text{com}}$
大矢量 PNN, PPN, PNP, NNP, NPN, NPP $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/6$
小矢量 PPO, ONN, OPP, NON, POP, NNO $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/3$
POO, OON, OPO, NOO, OOP, ONO $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/6$
零矢量 OOO 0
PPP, NNN $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/2$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150258344828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2.2.1节所提开关状态的共模电压幅值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矢量类型 开关状态 ${u}_{\text{com}}$
大矢量 PNN, PPN, PNP, NNP, NPN, NPP $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/6$
小矢量 PPO, ONN, OPP, NON, POP, NNO $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/3$
POO, OON, OPO, NOO, OOP, ONO $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/6$
零矢量 OOO 0
PPP, NNN $\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}/2$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150388368259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Selected voltage vector sets under different operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中点
电压
(${i}_{\text{a}}$${i}_{\text{a}}$${i}_{\text{a}}$) 矢量集不同部分 矢量集公共部分
${u}_{{C}_{1}}>{u}_{{C}_{2}}$ (+,+,-) POO, OPO, OON PNN
PPN
NPN
NPP
NNP
PNP
PON'
OPN'
NPO'
NOP'
ONP'
PNO'
(+,-,-) POO, ONO, OON
(+,-,+) POO, OOP, ONO
(-,+,+) OPO, OOP, NOO
(-,+,-) OPO, NOO, OON
(-,-,+) OOP, NOO, ONO
${u}_{{C}_{1}}<{u}_{{C}_{2}}$ (+,+,-) OOP, NOO, ONO
(+,-,-) OPO, OOP, NOO
(+,-,+) OPO, NOO, OON
(-,+,+) POO, ONO, OON
(-,+,-) POO, OOP, ONO
(-,-,+) POO, OPO, OON
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150518391692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同工况下所选择的电压矢量集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中点
电压
(${i}_{\text{a}}$${i}_{\text{a}}$${i}_{\text{a}}$) 矢量集不同部分 矢量集公共部分
${u}_{{C}_{1}}>{u}_{{C}_{2}}$ (+,+,-) POO, OPO, OON PNN
PPN
NPN
NPP
NNP
PNP
PON'
OPN'
NPO'
NOP'
ONP'
PNO'
(+,-,-) POO, ONO, OON
(+,-,+) POO, OOP, ONO
(-,+,+) OPO, OOP, NOO
(-,+,-) OPO, NOO, OON
(-,-,+) OOP, NOO, ONO
${u}_{{C}_{1}}<{u}_{{C}_{2}}$ (+,+,-) OOP, NOO, ONO
(+,-,-) OPO, OOP, NOO
(+,-,+) OPO, NOO, OON
(-,+,+) POO, ONO, OON
(-,+,-) POO, OOP, ONO
(-,-,+) POO, OPO, OON
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150652609430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Parameters of PMSM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
极对数p 5
额定转速${n}_{\text{N}}$/(r·min-1) 3 000
额定转矩${T}_{\text{N}}$/(N·m) 1.27
定子电阻${R}_{\text{s}}$ 1.75
直轴主电感${L}_{d}$/mH 1.6
交轴主电感${L}_{q}$/mH 1.6
永磁体磁链${\psi }_{\text{f}}$/Wb 0.045
), ArticleFig(id=1205945151885734812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029260595211, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

PMSM参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
极对数p 5
额定转速${n}_{\text{N}}$/(r·min-1) 3 000
额定转矩${T}_{\text{N}}$/(N·m) 1.27
定子电阻${R}_{\text{s}}$ 1.75
直轴主电感${L}_{d}$/mH 1.6
交轴主电感${L}_{q}$/mH 1.6
永磁体磁链${\psi }_{\text{f}}$/Wb 0.045
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基于有限电压矢量集优化的永磁同步电动机模型预测瞬时转矩控制
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郑伟杰 , 周扬忠
电源学报 | 电机系统与控制 2025,23(2): 213-223
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电源学报 | 电机系统与控制 2025, 23(2): 213-223
基于有限电压矢量集优化的永磁同步电动机模型预测瞬时转矩控制
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郑伟杰 , 周扬忠
作者信息
  • 福建省新能源发电与电能变换重点实验室(福州大学),福州 350116
  • 郑伟杰(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力传动与变频调速系统。E-mail:

通讯作者:

周扬忠(1971— ),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,教授。研究方向:现代调速系统、新能源发电系统。E-mail:
Model Predictive Instantaneous Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Finite Voltage Vector Set Optimization
Weijie ZHENG , Yangzhong ZHOU
Affiliations
  • Fujian Key Laboratory of New Energy Generation and Power Conversion (Fuzhou University), Fuzhou 350116, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.213
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针对T型三电平逆变器驱动的永磁同步电动机驱动系统存在的电容中点电压不易平衡、共模电压较高问题,提出1种有限电压矢量集优化的模型预测瞬时转矩控制MPITC(model predictive instantaneous torque control)策略。首先,鉴于电压矢量对中点电压的影响,仅选用零矢量、小矢量和大矢量参与MPITC。其次,基于开关状态与共模电压的关系,确定13个低共模电压矢量参与控制。再次,为提高电机运行性能,利用长矢量合成虚拟电压矢量替代中矢量参与模型预测控制。最后,根据中点电位和电机电流方向,从19个电压矢量中选出对维持中点电压平衡有利的电压矢量作为预选矢量集。实验结果证明了所提控制策略能够有效降低电磁转矩和磁链脉动及共模电压幅值,同时能够实现中点电压的平衡控制。

T型三电平逆变器  /  模型预测瞬时转矩控制  /  中点电压平衡  /  共模电压

Aimed at the problems of unbalanced capacitor neutral-point voltage and high common-mode voltage in a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system powered by a T-type three-level inverter, a model predictive instantaneous torque control (MPITC) strategy based on finite voltage vector set optimization is proposed. First, in view of the influence of voltage vectors on the neutral-point voltage, only zero, small and large vectors are selected to participate in MPITC. Second, according to the relationship between the switching states and common-mode voltage, it is confirmed that 13 low common-mode voltage vectors participate in the control. To improve the operation performance of the motor, the long vector synthetic virtual voltage vector is used to replace the medium vector to participate in the model predictive control. Finally, according to the neutral-point potential and the motor current direction, the voltage vector which is favorable for maintaining the neutral-point voltage balance is selected from 19 voltage vectors as the preselected vector set. Experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the electromagnetic torque, flux linkage pulsation and common-mode voltage amplitude, and the neutral-point voltage achieves balanced control.

T-type three-level inverter  /  model predictive instantaneous torque control (MPITC)  /  neutral-point voltage balance  /  common-mode voltage
郑伟杰, 周扬忠. 基于有限电压矢量集优化的永磁同步电动机模型预测瞬时转矩控制. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 213 -223 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.213
Weijie ZHENG, Yangzhong ZHOU. Model Predictive Instantaneous Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Finite Voltage Vector Set Optimization[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 213 -223 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.213
三电平逆变器因其输出电平数较多、电压谐波含量较低、开关管承受电压较小等优点[1-2]成为当今电力拖动领域的研究热点之一。本文研究的T型三电平逆变器是1种改进的三电平中点钳位型逆变器,具有开关管更少、损耗更小、功率损耗更均匀等特点[3]。直流侧中点电压平衡和共模电压问题,是影响其长久稳定运行的关键因素。
T型三电平逆变器直流侧中点不平衡会导致逆变器输出电压畸变,影响驱动系统的正常运行[4-5]。为解决逆变器中点平衡问题,文献[6]采用基于前馈加反馈补偿的零序电压注入法,以保证流入直流侧中点的平均电流为0;文献[7]采用空间矢量脉宽调制法,在矢量合成时调节冗余小矢量的作用时间来调节中点电压;文献[8]通过比较直流母线电压上、下电容的幅值来选取合适的冗余小矢量控制中点电位。
上述控制策略大多未考虑共模电压问题,较大的共模电压可能会在定子节点处击穿绝缘油膜形成轴承电流,从而导致电机故障[9-10]。目前,抑制共模电压的方法总体上可分为硬件法和软件法。硬件法一般是通过在逆变器中外加无源或有源滤波器[11-13]来减小共模电压,但滤波器的设计较为复杂;软件法一般是通过滤除掉共模电压高的基本电压矢量来减小共模电压[14-15]
模型预测转矩控制通过构建目标函数实现多目标优化,具有良好的动态响应性能,实现直观、原理简单。文献[16]在两相静止坐标系下进行预测转矩控制,具有良好的动、稳态特性;文献[17]将中点电位作为目标函数中的控制对象,进行了2步模型预测转矩控制MPTC(model predictive torque control),并结合预测开关表降低系统运算量。若将共模电压抑制和中点电压平衡问题作为目标函数的控制对象,将不可避免地在目标函数中引入更多的权重系数,系统的复杂程度成倍增加[18-20]。针对此问题,本文提出了1种有限控制集优化的MPITC策略,将中点电压平衡和共模电压抑制统一到预测过程中,目标函数中仅引入1个权重系数,简化了算法。
图1为T型三电平逆变器驱动的永磁同步电动机PMSM(permanent magnet synchronous motor)拓扑结构。图中:${U}_{\text{dc}}$为母线电压;${C}_{\text{1}}、{C}_{\text{2}}$为串联电容。每相有3种开关状态,在串联电容${C}_{\text{1}}、{C}_{\text{2}}$电压平衡的情况下,可输出${U}_{\text{dc}}$/2、0、-${U}_{\text{dc}}$/2这3种电压,分别用P、O、N代表这3种开关状态,则逆变器三相共有${3}^{3}\text{=}27$种开关状态。图2为T型三电平逆变器27个空间电压矢量分布,按照矢量幅值可分为大矢量、中矢量、小矢量和零矢量,各矢量幅值见表1。其中,每个小矢量有1个冗余矢量,零矢量有2个冗余矢量,故逆变器可以输出19种作用效果不同的电压矢量。
对PMSM的控制通常在转子dq旋转坐标系下进行。采用前向欧拉法将永磁同步电动机dq坐标系数学模型离散化后,得到预测模型为
$\left[\begin{array}{l}{i}_{d}^{k+1}\\ {i}_{q}^{k+1}\end{array}\right]={A}_{1}\left[\begin{array}{l}{i}_{d}^{k}\\ {i}_{q}^{k}\end{array}\right]+{A}_{2}\left[\begin{array}{l}{u}_{d}^{k}\\ {u}_{q}^{k}\end{array}\right]+{A}_{3}$
$\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{d}^{k+1}\\ {\psi }_{q}^{k+1}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{L}_{d}& 0\\ 0& {L}_{q}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}{i}_{d}^{k+1}\\ {i}_{q}^{k+1}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{\text{f}}\\ \text{ }0\end{array}\right]$
${\psi }_{\text{s}}^{k+1}=\sqrt{{\left({\psi }_{d}^{k+1}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\psi }_{q}^{k+1}\right)}^{2}}$
${T}_{\text{e}}^{k+1}=\frac{3}{2}p{i}_{q}^{k+1}\left[{\psi }_{\text{f}}+\left({L}_{d}-{L}_{q}\right){i}_{d}^{k+1}\right]$
式中:${i}_{d}、{i}_{q}$分别为定子dq轴电流;${u}_{d}、{u}_{q}$分别为定子dq轴电压;${A}_{1}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1-\frac{{R}_{\text{s}}{T}_{\text{s}}}{{L}_{d}}& \frac{{L}_{q}{T}_{\text{s}}{\omega }_{\text{r}}^{k}}{{L}_{d}}\\ -\frac{{L}_{d}{T}_{\text{s}}{\omega }_{\text{r}}^{k}}{{L}_{q}}& 1-\frac{{R}_{\text{s}}{T}_{\text{s}}}{{L}_{q}}\end{array}\right]$${R}_{\text{s}}$为定子电阻,${T}_{s}$为离散周期,${\omega }_{\text{r}}$为转子磁链角速度;${A}_{2}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{T}_{\text{s}}}{{L}_{d}}& 0\\ 0& \frac{{T}_{\text{s}}}{{L}_{q}}\end{array}\right]$${A}_{3}=\left[\begin{array}{c}0\\ \frac{{\psi }_{\text{f}}{T}_{\text{s}}{\omega }_{\text{r}}^{k}}{{L}_{q}}\end{array}\right]$${\psi }_{d}、{\psi }_{q}$分别为定子dq轴磁链;${L}_{d}、{L}_{q}$分别为定子直、交轴电感;${\psi }_{\text{f}}$为永磁体磁链;${\psi }_{\text{s}}$为定子磁链;${T}_{\text{e}}$为电磁转矩;$p$为电机极对数;${x}^{k}$k时刻的变量x${x}^{k+1}$k+1时刻的变量x
基于式(1)~式(4)的预测模型,将电磁转矩和定子磁链预测值对应的误差作为控制对象,目标函数可表示为
$\mathrm{cos}t=\left|{T}_{\text{ref}}-{T}_{\text{e}}^{k+1}\right|+\lambda \left|{\psi }_{\text{sref}}-{\psi }_{\text{s}}^{k+1}\right|$
式中:${T}_{\text{ref}}$为转矩给定值;$\lambda $为定子磁链的权重系数;${\psi }_{\text{sref}}$为定子磁链给定值。
为确保电磁转矩和定子磁链能快速跟随给定值,从电压矢量集中优选出使目标函数最小的电压矢量作为输出矢量作用于系统。显然,上述模型预测瞬时转矩控制策略可以实现转矩的快速平稳控制,但这是以逆变器直流侧2个串联电容电压平衡为前提,若2个电容电压失衡,逆变器输出电压将发生畸变,直接影响转矩控制性能。电容电压平衡性能与所选电压矢量有关,因此有必要优化、约束参与转矩预测控制的电压矢量集。
T型三电平逆变器的中点电压不平衡主要是因为直流侧电容中点o会接入到电路当中,引起中点o电位产生偏移。三电平中点电流${i}_{o}$的瞬时值可以表示为
${i}_{o}=\left(1-\left|{S}_{\text{a}}\right|\right){i}_{\text{a}}+\left(1-\left|{S}_{\text{b}}\right|\right){i}_{\text{b}}+\left(1-\left|{S}_{\text{c}}\right|\right){i}_{\text{c}}$
式中:${S}_{x}$x相开关状态,x∈{a,b,c},${S}_{x}$∈{1, 0, -1},1、0、-1分别对应开关状态P、O、N;${i}_{\text{a}}$${i}_{\text{b}}$${i}_{\text{c}}$分别为电机三相电流。
从式(6)可以看出:当大矢量和零矢量作用时,电容中点o不参与到电流回路中,中点电位不会发生变化;当中矢量和小矢量作用时,电容中点o参与到电流回路中,此时中点电流不为0,中点电流发生变化。由于中矢量无冗余矢量,而小矢量存在冗余矢量,且2个冗余矢量对中点电位的影响相反,故一般通过控制小矢量来保证中点电压平衡。
为了更直观地说明小矢量对中点电压的影响效果,对2个冗余小矢量POO和ONN进行具体分析,电流回路如图3所示。当工作在POO时,若此时a相电流${i}_{\text{a}}>0$,则中点电流${i}_{o}=-{i}_{\text{a}}<0$电容${C}_{1}$放电、${C}_{2}$充电,中点电位上升;当工作在ONN时,中点电流${i}_{o}=-{i}_{\text{a}}>0$电容${C}_{1}$放电、${C}_{2}$充电,中点电位降低。考虑到中矢量对中点电位控制的复杂性,在控制中排除中矢量,仅利用零矢量、小矢量和大矢量参与到预测中。各小矢量对应的中点电流${i}_{o}$表2
由于逆变器三相输出电压和不恒为0,导致电动机中性点n与参考电位点o之间存在电势差,从而产生共模电压。根据T型三电平逆变器的拓扑结构可求得共模电压${u}_{\text{com}}$
${u}_{\text{com}}=\frac{{u}_{\text{ao}}+{u}_{\text{bo}}+{u}_{\text{co}}}{3}\text{=}\frac{{U}_{\text{dc}}}{2}\frac{{S}_{\text{a}}+{S}_{\text{b}}+{S}_{\text{c}}}{3}$
式中,${u}_{\text{ao}}、{u}_{\text{bo}}、{u}_{\text{co}}$分别为逆变器三相输出相电压。
由式(7)可知,共模电压幅值大小仅与三相的开关状态有关,将2.2.1节中采用的基本开关矢量代入式(7)可以得到开关状态与共模电压的对应关系,见表3
表3可以看出,T型三电平逆变器的共模电压分别为$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/2、$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/3、$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/6和0。其中,大矢量和POO等6个小矢量的共模电压为$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/6;PPO等6个小矢量的共模电压为$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/3;零矢量OOO的共模电压为0;零矢量PPP、NNN的共模电压为$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/2。为了抑制共模电压,仅使用表3中共模电压为$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/6和0的基本电压矢量,则共计13个电压矢量参与到预测控制中。
上述13个基本电压矢量能够满足中点电压平衡及共模电压抑制控制的要求,但由于缺少中矢量,导致对电机电磁转矩精细化控制略显不足。为此本文采用虚拟合成矢量替代原有中矢量加入到预测控制当中。以PON'代表原中矢量PON对应的虚拟合成矢量,其他虚拟合成矢量同理。图4为虚拟合成矢量PON'的合成方法,具体做法是将与中矢量PON相邻的2个大矢量PPN和PNN各作用半个控制周期以等效成原先的中矢量。显然,虚拟中矢量对中点电压无影响,且对转矩控制作用效果与原中矢量一致,避免了原中矢量作用时间过长而导致中点电压失衡的问题。
经过以上电压矢量集优化后,可得到12种工况下的电压矢量集,见表4。其中:电流+表示流入电机方向,电流-表示流出电机方向。
本文所提有限电压矢量集优化的模型预测瞬时转矩控制框图如图5所示。图中:${\omega }_{\text{r}}^{\text{*}}$为电角速度参考值;${T}_{\text{e}}^{\text{*}}$为电磁转矩参考值;${\psi }_{\text{s}}^{\text{*}}$为定子磁链参考值;${i}_{dq}^{k}$k时刻定子电流在dq轴上的投影;${\theta }_{\text{r}}^{\text{*}}$k时刻转子机械位置角。根据采样得到的k时刻定子电流及直流侧电容电压,选择具有低共模电压且对维持逆变器中点电容平衡有利的电压矢量作为预选矢量集。将k时刻定子电流和预选矢量集中的电压矢量${u}_{i}$结合预测模型,计算得到下一时刻的电磁转矩和定子磁链的预测值;将这些预测值送到目标函数中,选择使目标函数值最小的电压矢量作为最优电压矢量${u}_{\text{opt}}^{k}$输出;最后通过脉冲发生器生成对应的PWM信号控制系统。
为了验证本文所提控制策略的可行性与有效性,搭建了如图6所示的三相T型逆变器PMSM驱动实验平台,包括功率模块、驱动模块、采样模块、电机模块。本文中使用的电机参数见表5。实验中,以TI公司的TMS320F28377芯片为核心,系统控制周期设置为50 μs,直流母线电压220 V,在软件CCS上采用C语言编程,对PMSM驱动系统进行控制。
采用本文所提三电平MPITC策略,进行PMSM带额定负载1.27 N∙m、转速指令从1 000 r/min阶跃至3 000 r/min的动态实验,实验结果如图7所示。
图7可见,突增转速给定时,电动机的输出转矩迅速达到限幅值,直至电动机达到给定转速;当转速为1 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.35 N∙m和±0.003 5 Wb,当转速稳定至3 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.39 N∙m和±0.003 9 Wb;中点电位能维持在中点电压附近,当电机处于稳态时,波动范围不超过2 V,当电机加速时,中点电位的波动略微增大,波动范围不超过4 V。
为了更好地说明本文所提三电平MPITC策略的控制效果,在相同负载、直流母线电压、控制周期下进行相同转速阶跃两电平MPITC实验,结果如图8所示。
图8可见,当转速为1 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.43 N∙m和±0.004 8 Wb;当转速稳定至3 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.47 N∙m和 ±0.004 0 Wb。比较图7图8的实验结果可知,在低速1 000 r/min时,本文所提三电平MPITC的电磁转矩脉动和磁链误差分别减少18.60%和27.08%,在高速3 000 r/min时,电磁转矩脉动和磁链误差分别减少17.02%和2.50%。
采用2.2.1节基本电压矢量的中点平衡规则对27个基本电压矢量寻优的三电平MPITC控制策略(三电平传统算法),在相同负载、直流母线电压、控制周期下进行相同转速阶跃动态实验,实验结果如图9所示。
图9可见,当转速为1 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.28 N∙m和 ±0.002 2 Wb;当转速稳定至3 000 r/min时,转矩和定子磁链幅值脉动分别为±0.32 N∙m和±0.002 6 Wb;当电机加速时,中点电位的波动略微增大,波动范围不超过5 V。
对比图7图9的实验结果,本文所提控制策略在牺牲部分稳态性能的基础上,实现了动态时中点电位波动减小,同时考虑了共模电压问题。DSP运行三电平传统算法控制策略程序的计算时间为28.2 μs,本文所提控制策略计算时间为18.6 μs,计算时间缩短了34.04%。控制策略的计算时间是MPITC的重要指标,缩短计算时间可以提高系统的平均开关频率,提高计算效率,改善系统性能。
进行PMSM额定转速3 000 r/min、负载转矩指令从空载阶跃至1.27 N∙m的动态实验,实验结果如图10所示。
图10可见,当突增负载时,电动机转速在出现小幅下降后迅速恢复到稳定运行状态,实现了对负载地快速跟踪;同时,由于负载增大,电动机相电流随之增大,所以中点波动范围增大,但波动范围不超过2 V。
分别采用两电平MPITC策略、三电平传统算法控制策略和本文所提三电平MPITC策略,PMSM带额定负载、1 000 r/min转速下的稳态实验共模电压波形如图11所示。
由实验结果可以看出:采用两电平MPITC策略时,共模电压幅值在$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/2内波动,共模电压跳变较大;采用三电平传统算法控制策略时,虽然共模电压跳变减小,但共模电压幅值仍在$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/2内波动;采用本文所提三电平MPITC策略时,共模电压幅值基本控制在$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/6以内,共模电压跳变小。
图11共模电压进行FFT分析,结果如图12所示。可以看出,3种策略的共模电压均分布在低频段和开关频率附近,高频段共模电压成分较小。对比两电平拓扑电路,采用三电平拓扑电路时能明显降低共模电压,采用本文所提策略能将共模电压在20 kHz的幅值从6.435 V进一步降到4.726 V,同时对低频段共模电压有明显的抑制效果。
分别采用两电平MPITC策略和本文所提三电平MPITC策略,PMSM带额定负载、不同转速下的线电压${u}_{\text{ab}}$稳态实验波形如图13所示。对图13进行FFT分析,结果如图14所示。采用两电平MPITC策略,给定转速为1 000 r/min和3 000 r/min时的线电压${u}_{\text{ab}}$的总谐波畸变率分别为289.43%和139.94%;采用本文所提三电平MPITC策略,给定转速为1 000 r/min和3 000 r/min时的线电压${u}_{\text{ab}}$的总谐波畸变率分别为186.53%和100.45%。在给定转速为1 000 r/min和3 000 r/min时,本文所提三电平MPITC策略下线电压总畸变率分别减小35.55%和28.22%。实验说明了相比于两电平逆变器,三电平逆变器的输出电压谐波含量低,对电机的控制效果更好。
本文针对T型三电平逆变器驱动的永磁同步电动机调速系统,提出了1种有限电压矢量集优化的模型预测瞬时转矩控制策略,在对矢量集选择过程中考虑了中点电压平衡和共模电压抑制。实验结果表明:电磁转矩和磁链均能较好地跟踪给定值,与两电平逆变器驱动系统相比,具有更好的稳态特性,电磁转矩和磁链脉动均明显降低,尤其是在低速时效果更为明显;调速系统能够实现在不同工况下的直流侧中点电压平衡,相比于静态过程,在动态过程中,直流侧中点电压的波动增大,但始终能稳定在中点电位附近;共模电压得到了有效抑制,基本将共模电压抑制在$\pm {U}_{\text{dc}}$/6以内,低频段共模电压明显降低,控制策略的总用时更短,计算效率更高。
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2025年第23卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.213
  • 接收时间:2022-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-01
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-01
  • 修回日期:2022-08-03
  • 录用日期:2022-09-06
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    福建省新能源发电与电能变换重点实验室(福州大学),福州 350116

通讯作者:

周扬忠(1971— ),男,中国电源学会高级会员,博士,教授。研究方向:现代调速系统、新能源发电系统。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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