电源学报

应用于串联储能电池的具有电压自动均衡能力的变换器

PDF下载

杨晓光 ¹^,² , 李家宝 ¹^,² , 聂宝鑫 ³ , 芦宇杰 ¹^,² , 李学彪 ¹^,²

电源学报 | 电力电子变换器拓扑 2026,24(7): 39-51

收起

电源学报 |电力电子变换器拓扑 2026 , 24 (7) : 39 -51

应用于串联储能电池的具有电压自动均衡能力的变换器

全屏

杨晓光¹^,², 李家宝¹^,², 聂宝鑫³, 芦宇杰¹^,², 李学彪¹^,²

作者信息

^1.省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室（河北工业大学），天津　300130

^2.河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室（河北工业大学），天津　300130

^3.国网北京密云供电公司，北京　101500

通讯作者:

杨晓光（1971—　），男，通信作者，博士，教授。研究方向：电源及其磁技术。E-mail：xgyang@hebut.edu.cn。

作者简介:

李家宝（1999—　），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：电源新技术。E-mail：2332628764@qq.com。

聂宝鑫（1998—　），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：电源新技术。E-mail：18845613121@163.com。

芦宇杰（2001—　），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：电源新技术。E-mail：2119428514@qq.com。

李学彪（2001—　），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：电源新技术。E-mail：940058928@qq.com。

Converter with Automatic Voltage Balancing Capability for Series-connected Energy Storage Cells

Xiaoguang YANG¹^,², Jiabao LI¹^,², Baoxin NIE³, Yujie LU¹^,², Xuebiao LI¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

^2.Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

^3.State Grid Beijing Miyun Electric Power Supply Company, Beijing 101500, China

出版时间: 2026-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.7.39

文章导航

摘要

收起

传统的储能系统通常包含充/放电变换器和均衡器，二者相互独立。为降低系统复杂度和减少器件数量，提出了一种应用于储能系统的变换器。该变换器将电压均衡器集成到充/放电变换器中，无需配置电压测量电路便可实现串联电池之间的自动电压均衡，减少了组件数量，简化了系统结构。所提变换器有2种类型：类型A只包含1个有源开关，1个n绕组电感和n个二极管；类型B使用n个有源开关替代类型A中的n个二极管，以提高电路的效率。类型A和类型B变换器之间的异同，与异步和同步Buck变换器类似，主要对类型B进行了分析并试制了样机。实验结果表明，所提变换器具有良好的电压均衡特性。

关键词

均衡 / 均衡电路 / 均衡器 / 多绕组变压器 / 多绕组电感

Abstract

收起

Traditional energy storage systems typically include a charging/discharging converter and an equalizer, which are independent of each other. To reduce system complexity and the number of components, a converter for energy storage systems is proposed, which integrates an equalizer into a charge/discharge converter, and achieves automatic voltage balancing between series-connected batteries without the need for voltage measurement circuits, thereby reducing components and simplifying the system. There are two types of proposed converters: type A contains only one active switch, one n-winding inductor and n diodes; type B replaces n diodes in type A with n active switches to improve the efficiency of the circuit. The similarities and differences between type A and type B converter are comparable to those between the asynchronous and the synchronous Buck converter, type B is mainly analyzed and developed a prototype. The experimental results indicate that the proposed converter has good voltage balancing characteristics.

Key words

Balancing / equalization circuit / equalizer / multi-winding transformer / multi-winding inductor

引用本文

杨晓光, 李家宝, 聂宝鑫, 芦宇杰, 李学彪. 应用于串联储能电池的具有电压自动均衡能力的变换器. 电源学报, 2026 , 24 (7) : 39 -51 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.7.39

Xiaoguang YANG, Jiabao LI, Baoxin NIE, Yujie LU, Xuebiao LI. Converter with Automatic Voltage Balancing Capability for Series-connected Energy Storage Cells[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2026 , 24 (7) : 39 -51 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.7.39

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

Analog Devices. LT1505 datasheet and product info[EB/OL]. [2024-04-30]. https://www.analog.com/en/products/lt1505.html.

[2]

Texas Instruments. BQ25790 Buck-Boost Battery Charge Controller with USB-C PD OTG and Dual Input Selector[EB/OL]. (2020). [2024-04-30]. https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/bq25790.pdf.

[3]

Xiong Rui, Zhang Yongzhi, Wang Ju, et al. Lithium-ion battery health prognosis based on a real battery management system used in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(5): 4110-4121.

[4]

Aamir M, Ahmed Kalwar K, Mekhilef S. Review: Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 58: 1395-1410.

[5]

刘畅, 卓建坤, 赵东明, 等. 利用储能系统实现可再生能源微电网灵活安全运行的研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(1): 1-18. Liu Chang, Zhuo Jiankun, Zhao Dongming, et al. A review on the utilization of energy storage system for the flexible and safe operation of renewable energy micro-grids[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(1): 1-18. (in Chinese)

[6]

程昱明, 孟高军, 贾鹏, 等. 用于平抑风电功率波动的混合储能容量优化配置方法[J]. 电源学报, 2025, 23(5): 251-261 Cheng Yuming, Meng Gaojun, Jia Peng, et al. Optimal hybrid energy storage capacity configuration method for mitigating fluctuations of wind power[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025, 23(5): 251-261. (in Chinese)

[7]

刘威, 吕佳, 孙小毛, 等. 一致性和连接方式对SOFC电堆性能影响的实验研究[J]. 电源学报, 2025, 23(5): 278-288. Liu Wei, Lv Jia, Sun Xiaomao, et al. Experiment on effect of cell uniformity and connection mode on performance of SOFC stack[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025, 23(5): 278-288. (in Chinese)

[8]

Han Weiji, Zou Changfu, Zhou Chen, et al. Estimation of cell SOC evolution and system performance in module-based battery charge equalization systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(5): 4717-4728.

[9]

Izadi Y, Beiranvand R. A comprehensive review of battery and supercapacitor cells voltage-equalizer circuits[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(12): 15671-15692.

[10]

Qu Fan, Luo Quanming, Liang Huan, et al. Systematic overview of active battery equalization structures: Mathematical modeling and performance evaluation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2022, 37(3): 1685-1703.

[11]

Ghaeminezhad N, Ouyang Quan, Hu Xiaosong, et al. Active cell equalization topologies analysis for battery packs: A systematic review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(8): 9119-9135.

[12]

蔡敏怡, 张娥, 林靖, 等. 串联锂离子电池组均衡拓扑综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(15): 5294-5310. Cai Minyi, Zhang E, Lin Jing, et al. Review on balancing topology of lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(15): 5294-5310. (in Chinese)

[13]

郭向伟, 王晨, 钱伟, 等. 电池储能系统均衡方法研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(13): 4204-4225. Guo Xiangwei, Wang Chen, Qian Wei, et al. A review of equalization methods for battery energy storage system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(13): 4204-4225. (in Chinese)

[14]

Shang Yunlong, Cui Naxin, Zhang Chenghui. An optimized any-cell-to-any-cell equalizer based on coupled half-bridge converters for series-connected battery strings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(9): 8831-8841.

[15]

Shang Yunlong, Zhang Qi, Cui Naxin, et al. Multicell-to-multicell equalizers based on matrix and half-bridge LC converters for series-connected battery strings[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020, 8(2): 1755-1766.

[16]

蔡瑞佳, 马运东, 王鹏飞, 等. 基于双向半桥CLLLC谐振变换器的锂电池均衡电路[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(15): 4868-4882. Cai Ruijia, Ma Yundong, Wang Pengfei, et al. Lithiumion battery equalization circuit based on bidirectional half-bridge CLLLC resonant converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(15): 4868-4882. (in Chinese)

[17]

Wei Zhengqi, Peng Faxiang, Wang Haoyu. An LCC-based string-to-cell battery equalizer with simplified constant current control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(2): 1816-1827.

[18]

Uno M, Sugaya R, Sasama Y. Selective module-to-cell equalizer with internal AC heating capability for automotive lithium-ion batteries at subzero temperatures[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2023, 11(5): 5430-5440.

[19]

郭向伟, 耿佳豪, 刘震, 等. 基于反激变换器的双目标直接均衡方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(6): 1269-1278. Guo Xiangwei, Geng Jiahao, Liu Zhen, et al. The dual-objective direct balancing method based on flyback converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(6): 1269-1278. (in Chinese)

[20]

Phung T H, Collet A, Crebier J C. An optimized topology for next-to-next balancing of series-connected lithium-ion cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(9): 4603-4613.

[21]

Lee Y S, Cheng G T. Quasi-resonant zero-current-switching bidirectional converter for battery equalization applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006, 21(5): 1213-1224.

[22]

Shang Yunlong, Zhang Qi, Cui Naxin, et al. A cell-to-cell equalizer based on three-resonant-state switched-capacitor converters for series-connected battery strings[J]. Energies, 2017, 10(2): 206.

[23]

Kim M Y, Kim C H, Kim J H, et al. A chain structure of switched capacitor for improved cell balancing speed of lithium-ion batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(8): 3989-3999.

[24]

Mai Ruikun, Xu Bin, Yan Zhaotian, et al. A compact-size multi-winding transformer-based discharge equalizer for electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers vehicles power battery[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71(5): 4889-4897.

[25]

Einhorn M, Roessler W, Fleig J. Improved performance of serially connected Li-ion batteries with active cell balancing in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011, 60(6): 2448-2457.

[26]

Shang Yunlong, Xia Bing, Zhang Chenghui, et al. An automatic battery equalizer based on forward and flyback conversion for series-connected battery strings[C]//2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). Tampa, FL, USA, 2017: 3218-3222.

[27]

Lim C S, Lee K J, Ku N J, et al. A modularized equalization method based on magnetizing energy for a series-connected lithium-ion battery string[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(4): 1791-1799.

[28]

Shang Yunlong, Xia Bing, Zhang Chenghui, et al. A modularization method for battery equalizers using multiwinding transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017, 66(10): 8710-8722.

[29]

Liu Lizhou, Chen Kefan, Xu Yefei, et al. Modular equalization system based on double-layer voltage multipliers for series-connected ultra-capacitors string[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2024, 12(4): 3280-3289.

[30]

吴冬春, 朱飞, 唐佳维. 基于多绕组变压器与倍压整流器级联的电池均衡充电器研究[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(6): 244-252. Wu Dongchun, Zhu Fei, Tang Jiawei. Research on equalizing charger based on multi-winding transformer and cascaded double-voltage rectifiers[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(6): 244-252. (in Chinese)

[31]

Yang Xiaoguang, Zhao Xiaobing, Liu Jietao. Integrated bidirectional converter with voltage equalizer for energy storage system[J]. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, 2023, 51(12): 5823-5839.

[32]

Yang Xiaoguang, Qi Yakang, Liu Jietao, et al. Bidirectional converter integrating voltage equalizer based on symmetrical voltage multiplier by sharing a magnetic component for series-connected cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2021, 7(3): 1074-1087.

[33]

Liu Lizhou, Xu Bin, Yan Zhaotian, et al. A low-cost multiwinding transformer balancing topology for retired series-connected battery string[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(5): 4931-4936.

[34]

Yang Xiaoguang, Wang Dexin, Jia Zhe, et al. An equalization charger based on phase-shift full-bridge converter with an n-stage current rectifier[J]. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, 2022, 50(5): 1793-1805.

[35]

Yang Xiaoguang, Jia Zhe, Wang Dexin, et al. An integrated equalization charger for series-connected energy storage cells[J]. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, 2022, 50(7): 2548-2565.

[36]

Tashakor N, Farjah E, Ghanbari T. A bidirectional battery charger with modular integrated charge equalization circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(3): 2133-2145.

[37]

Noh G, Lee J, Ha J I. Design and analysis of single-inductor power converter for both battery balancing and voltage regulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(3): 2874-2884.

[38]

Xu Bin, Yan Zhaotian, Xiong Liang, et al. A double-switch single-transformer integrated equalizer for the recycled power battery string of automatic guided vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2023, 70(3): 2596-2606.

[39]

Liu Lizhou, Yan Zhaotian, Xu Bin, et al. A single-magnetic bidirectional integrated equalizer using multi-winding transformer and voltage multiplier for hybrid energy storage system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 72(6): 7318-7327.

[40]

Einhorn M, Conte F V, Kral C, et al. A method for online capacity estimation of lithium ion battery cells using the state of charge and the transferred charge[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012, 48(2): 736-741.

[41]

钱广俊, 韩雪冰, 卢兰光, 等. 锂离子电池系统均衡策略研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(24): 145-162. Qian Guangjun, Han Xuebing, Lu Languang, et al. Advances in lithium-ion battery system equalization strategy research[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(24): 145-162. (in Chinese)

[42]

Uno M, Tanaka K. Single-switch multioutput charger using voltage multiplier for series-connected lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor equalization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(8): 3227-3239.

[43]

Uno M, Kukita A. Single-switch single-transformer cell voltage equalizer based on forward-flyback resonant inverter and voltage multiplier for series-connected energy storage cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014, 63(9): 4232-4247.

[44]

Uno M, Tanaka K. Single-switch cell voltage equalizer using multistacked Buck-Boost converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode for series-connected energy storage cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011, 60(8): 3635-3645.

[45]

Imtiaz A M, Khan F H. “Time shared flyback converter” based regenerative cell balancing technique for series connected Li-ion battery strings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 28(12): 5960-5975.

[46]

Wei Zhengqi, Wang Haoyu, Lu Yiqing, et al. Bidirectional constant current string-to-cell battery equalizer based on L2C3 resonant topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(1): 666-677.

[47]

Qi Xianbin, Wang Yi, Fang Mingzhu, et al. A family of integrated cascade multiport converters for centralized equalization systems: Derivation, analysis, and verification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(6): 7398-7415.

[48]

Wang Xue, Wen Huiqing, Chu Guanying, et al. Performance quantization and comparative assessment of voltage equalizers in mismatched photovoltaic differential power processing systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2024, 39(1): 1656-1675.

2026年第24卷第7期

PDF下载

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.7.39

接收时间：2024-07-25
首发时间：2026-10-29
出版时间：2026-07-30

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2024-07-25
修回日期：2024-09-16
录用日期：2024-09-27

基金

作者信息

^1.省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室（河北工业大学），天津　300130

^2.河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室（河北工业大学），天津　300130

^3.国网北京密云供电公司，北京　101500

通讯作者:

杨晓光（1971—　），男，通信作者，博士，教授。研究方向：电源及其磁技术。E-mail：xgyang@hebut.edu.cn。

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.7.39

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT