电源学报

基于光伏电池瞬态模型的光伏阵列雷电感应过电压防护

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孙新凤 ¹^,² , 李梦媛 ¹^,²

电源学报 | 新能源系统 2025,23(7): 162-170

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电源学报 |新能源系统 2025 , 23 (7) : 162 -170

基于光伏电池瞬态模型的光伏阵列雷电感应过电压防护

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孙新凤¹^,², 李梦媛¹^,²

作者信息

^1.国网冀北电力有限公司技能培训中心，保定　071051

^2.保定电力职业技术学院，保定　071051

通讯作者:

孙新凤（1981—　），女，通信作者，硕士，高级讲师。研究方向：电力新能源。E-mail：53964238@qq.com。

作者简介:

李梦媛（1993—　），女，硕士，讲师。研究方向：电力新能源营销。E-mail：1381770148@qq.com。

Lightning Induced Overvoltage Protection for PV Array Based on Transient Model of PV Cells

Xinfeng SUN¹^,², Mengyuan LI¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.Skills Training Center, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Baoding 071051, China

^2.Baoding Technical College of Electric Power, Baoding 071051, China

出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162

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摘要

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做好光伏阵列的雷电过电压防护对于确保其长期稳定运行十分重要，分析雷电感应过电压对光伏阵列的危害，考虑光伏电池瞬态模型和光伏组件间雷电过电压耦合特性，利用EMTP软件搭建光伏阵列仿真电路，计算独立接闪杆遭受雷击时逆变器端口、直流电缆与金属边框、旁路二极管处的浪涌过电压，分析不同雷电流波形作用下电涌保护器SPD（surge protection device）和瞬态抑制二极管TVS（transient voltage suppressor）的防护效果。分析结果表明：仅在逆变器端口安装1组SPD时，逆变器端口雷电感应过电压能够得到一定抑制，但直流电缆与金属边框电位差、旁路二极管过电压幅值仍然较高；在光伏组串两端均安装SPD后，逆变器和旁路二极管过电压、直流电缆与金属边框电位差均得到明显抑制。雷电感应过电压幅值受雷电流波头时间影响明显，雷电流波头时间越短，感应过电压幅值越高。当雷电流波头时间很短时，旁路二极管仍然存在发生永久击穿的风险。推荐在光伏组串两端均安装SPD，同时在旁路二极管两端并联1个TVS管，以实现可靠的光伏阵列雷电感应过电压防护。

关键词

光伏电池瞬态模型 / 光伏阵列 / 雷电感应过电压 / 旁路二极管 / 电涌保护器 / 瞬态抑制二极管

Abstract

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A proper lightning overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crucial to their long-term stable operation. The damage caused by lightning induced overvoltage to a PV array is analyzed. The equivalent circuit of the PV array is modelled in the EMTP with the consideration of transient models of PV cells as well as the lightning overvoltage coupling characteristics of PV modules. The values of surge overvoltage across the inverter port and bypass diode and the potential differences between a DC cable and a metallic frame are calculated when lightning stroke the isolated rod, and the protective effects of surge protection device (SPD) and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) under varying waveforms of lightning current are discussed. Results show that if SPDs are only installed at the port of an inverter, induced overvoltage across the inverter port can be suppressed to some extent while the large-amplitude overvoltage may occur across the bypass diode and potential differences may occur between the DC cable and the metallic frame. When SPDs are installed on both sides of the PV string, the overvoltage of all the equipment is significantly suppressed. The amplitude of lightning induced overvoltage is obviously affected by the wave front time of lightning current, and a short wave front time may result in an increase in the amplitude of induced overvoltage. However, a risk of permanent breakdown still exists for the bypass diode in the case of a very short wave front time. It is suggested that SPDs should be installed on both sides of the PV string while adding an extra TVS in parallel with the bypass diode, so as to realize reliable protection for PV array against lightning induced overvoltage.

Key words

Transient model of photovoltaic (PV) cell / PV array / lightning induced overvoltage / bypass diode / surge protection device (SPD) / transient voltage suppressor (TVS)

引用本文

孙新凤, 李梦媛. 基于光伏电池瞬态模型的光伏阵列雷电感应过电压防护. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (7) : 162 -170 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162

Xinfeng SUN, Mengyuan LI. Lightning Induced Overvoltage Protection for PV Array Based on Transient Model of PV Cells[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (7) : 162 -170 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162

基金

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国家电网公司科技资助项目(520626180046)

参考文献

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2025年第23卷第7期

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文章信息

doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162

接收时间：2022-09-19
首发时间：2026-10-26
出版时间：2025-11-30

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收稿日期：2022-09-19
修回日期：2022-11-28
录用日期：2022-12-09

基金

State Grid Corporation of China(520626180046)

国家电网公司科技资助项目(520626180046)

作者信息

^1.国网冀北电力有限公司技能培训中心，保定　071051

^2.保定电力职业技术学院，保定　071051

通讯作者:

孙新凤（1981—　），女，通信作者，硕士，高级讲师。研究方向：电力新能源。E-mail：53964238@qq.com。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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