Article(id=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1656864000000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-04, revisedDate=1664035200000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-25, acceptedDate=1665417600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-10-11, onlineDate=1751354711194, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354711194, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073866687, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354711194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354711194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=240, endPage=246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844394972545526, articleId=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Thermal Management Strategy for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Module Based on Predictive Control, columnId=1152281491788100462, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Battery and Energy Storage, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Electric vehicle fast charging piles are prone to overheating of power devices under high-power operation, causing potential safety hazards. However, the existing cooling strategy adopts a rule-based forced air cooling method, and the cooling fan rotates at a high speed and generates large environmental noise. To protect the thermal safety of core components in the module while optimizing the cooling regulation strategy, an optimal thermal management method for electric vehicle fast charging module based on data-driven model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. This method adopts a data-driven method to construct a prediction model of module temperature distribution based on the long short-term memory neural network, and it combines MPC to control the fan speed, thus optimizing the thermal management strategy for the fast charging module and reducing the fan noise. Through experimental tests, it was verified that this method can effectively reduce the average fan speed by 1 293 rpm and reduce the average noise by 4.99 dB while ensuring that the key components are not overheated, which ensures the thermal safety of core components and the durability of the cooling fan.

, correspAuthors=Chong ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingxuan LI, Yansong LU, Chong ZHU, Xu LU, Xi ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828041365360694, articleId=1146828037582099095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于预测控制的电动汽车快充模块热管理策略, columnId=1149830274575463188, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电池与储能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

电动汽车快充充电桩在高功率工作下功率器件容易超温造成安全隐患,而现有冷却策略采用基于规则控制的强制风冷方式,散热风扇转速大且产生较大的环境噪声。为保护模块核心器件的热安全同时优化冷却调节策略,提出1种基于数据驱动模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)的电动汽车快充模块优化热管理方法。该方法采用数据驱动构建基于长短期记忆神经网络的模块温度分布的预测模型,并结合MPC对风扇转速进行调控,优化快充模块热管理策略并降低风扇噪声。经过实验测试,验证了该方法在保证各关键器件不超温的同时,可有效降低风扇平均转速1 293 rpm,降低平均噪声4.99 dB,保障了核心器件热安全性及散热风扇耐久性。

, correspAuthors=朱翀, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
朱翀(1989— ),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:动力电池低温热管理、电动汽车无线充电、电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1NsvxWSKLuI+u9Y63+Yx2g==, magXml=U6tv4gGPbdDh1Srt+D9buQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5EFfbiiC9kf8ZUAUlVFpTw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aYT8lrO40mmTrHVxNwHezA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=H70Xve6YNnH+KW49YDs9wg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:

鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:

卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:

张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:

, authorsList=李靖璇, 鲁岩松, 朱翀, 卢徐, 张希)}, authors=[Author(id=1205945141639049552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dreamisland@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1205945141928456540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945141639049552, language=EN, stringName=Jingxuan LI, firstName=Jingxuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1205945142968643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945141639049552, language=CN, stringName=李靖璇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio={"img":"i+GM/LCtc4bn6JaB24os+w==","content":"

李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=i+GM/LCtc4bn6JaB24os+w==, bioContent=

李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1205945143102861683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yansong.lu@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1205945143237079422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143102861683, language=EN, stringName=Yansong LU, firstName=Yansong, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1205945143325159815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143102861683, language=CN, stringName=鲁岩松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio={"content":"

鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1205945143417434519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chong.zhu@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1205945143551652261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143417434519, language=EN, stringName=Chong ZHU, firstName=Chong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1205945143643926957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143417434519, language=CN, stringName=朱翀, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1205945143778144696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=cristianoluxury@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1205945143933333953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143778144696, language=EN, stringName=Xu LU, firstName=Xu, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1205945144042385864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945143778144696, language=CN, stringName=卢徐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio={"content":"

卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1205945144134660563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=braver1980@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1205945144252101093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945144134660563, language=EN, stringName=Xi ZHANG, firstName=Xi, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1205945144403096049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, authorId=1205945144134660563, language=CN, stringName=张希, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio={"content":"

张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1205945144604422665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Model predictive control (MPC)), Keyword(id=1205945144713474579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=long short-term memory neural network), Keyword(id=1205945144860275231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=fast charging module), Keyword(id=1205945144965132841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=thermal management), Keyword(id=1205945145065796148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=fan noise reduction), Keyword(id=1205945145179042367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=模型预测控制), Keyword(id=1205945145304871496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=长短期记忆神经网络), Keyword(id=1205945145502003803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=快充模块), Keyword(id=1205945145636221541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=热管理), Keyword(id=1205945145803993716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=风扇降噪)], refs=[Reference(id=1205945153362129904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=10, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张奇志, journalName=电子产品世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张奇志. 直流充电桩的基本工作原理及技术发展趋势[J]. 电子产品世界, 2017, 24(10): 63-66., articleTitle=直流充电桩的基本工作原理及技术发展趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945153513124855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=10, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Zhang Qizhi, journalName=Electronic Engineering & Product World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Qizhi. The basic working principle and technical development trend of DC charging pile[J]. Electronic Engineering & Product World, 2017, 24(10): 63-66. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The basic working principle and technical development trend of DC charging pile, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945153617982463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=179, pageEnd=185, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Sabry M N, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sabry M N. Compact thermal models for electronic systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 2003, 26(1): 179-185., articleTitle=Compact thermal models for electronic systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945153735421955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1139, pageEnd=1145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Jain A, Jones R E, Chatterjee R, journalName=2008 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems. Orlando, FL, USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jain A, Jones R E, Chatterjee R, et al. Thermal modeling and design of 3D integrated circuits[C]// 2008 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems. Orlando, FL, USA, 2008: 1139-1145., articleTitle=Thermal modeling and design of 3D integrated circuits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945153823502343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1940, pageEnd=1947, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Wallscheid O, Kirchgässner W, Böcker J, journalName=Anchorage, AK, USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wallscheid O, Kirchgässner W, Böcker J. Investigation of long short-term memory networks to temperature prediction for permanent magnet synchronous motors[C]// 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Anchorage, AK, USA, 2017: 1940-1947., articleTitle=Investigation of long short-term memory networks to temperature prediction for permanent magnet synchronous motors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945153928359952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=64, issue=2, pageStart=935, pageEnd=947, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Vazquez S, Rodriguez J, Rivera M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vazquez S, Rodriguez J, Rivera M, et al. Model predictive control for power converters and drives: Advances and trends[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(2): 935-947., articleTitle=Model predictive control for power converters and drives: Advances and trends, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154016440338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=62, issue=4, pageStart=2651, pageEnd=2660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Mantovani G, Ferrarini L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mantovani G, Ferrarini L. Temperature control of a commercial building with model predictive control techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(4): 2651-2660., articleTitle=Temperature control of a commercial building with model predictive control techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154100326422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=1, pageStart=316, pageEnd=328, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Amini M R, Kolmanovsky I, Sun Jing, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Amini M R, Kolmanovsky I, Sun Jing. Hierarchical MPC for robust eco-cooling of connected and automated vehicles and its application to electric vehicle battery thermal management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2021, 29(1): 316-328., articleTitle=Hierarchical MPC for robust eco-cooling of connected and automated vehicles and its application to electric vehicle battery thermal management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154242932770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=2, pageStart=183, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=何文轩, 耿磊, 姚芳, journalName=电源学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何文轩, 耿磊, 姚芳. 电动汽车动力锂离子电池可靠性关键技术综述[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(2): 183-196., articleTitle=电动汽车动力锂离子电池可靠性关键技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154360373291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=2, pageStart=183, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=He Wenxuan, Geng Lei, Yao Fang, journalName=Journal of Power Supply, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Wenxuan, Geng Lei, Yao Fang. Overview of key reliability technologies for power lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(2): 183-196. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Overview of key reliability technologies for power lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154494591026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=姚雷, 王震坡, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚雷, 王震坡. 锂离子动力电池充电方式的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2015, 37(1): 72-77., articleTitle=锂离子动力电池充电方式的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154591060026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Yao Lei, Wang Zhenpo, journalName=Automotive Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Lei, Wang Zhenpo. A research on the charging protocols of lithium-ion traction battery[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2015, 37(1): 72-77. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A research on the charging protocols of lithium-ion traction battery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154700111933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=1735, pageEnd=1780, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J, journalName=Neural Computation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory[J]. Neural Computation, 1997, 9: 1735-1780., articleTitle=Long short-term memory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205945154834329668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=335, pageEnd=348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=García C E, Prett D M, Morari M, journalName=Automatica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=García C E, Prett D M, Morari M. Model predictive control: Theory and practice—a survey[J]. Automatica, 1989, 25(3): 335-348., articleTitle=Model predictive control: Theory and practice—a survey, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1205945152506491840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=52177218, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177218), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945152611349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=52177218, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177218), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945152741372877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=52007119, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52007119), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945152867202003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=52007119, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007119), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945152997225430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=2019YFE0100200, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key R&D Plan Key Special Project(2019YFE0100200), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945153114665948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, awardId=2019YFE0100200, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFE0100200), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945141437722948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141450305859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945141462888773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, companyId=1205945141437722948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1205945146043069072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Charging curves for Chevy Bolt condition and NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=XKOPYL1MiZ48lC2wPCb2uA==, figureFileBig=aYT8lrO40mmTrHVxNwHezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945146152120984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图1, caption=雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6工况的充电曲线, figureFileSmall=XKOPYL1MiZ48lC2wPCb2uA==, figureFileBig=aYT8lrO40mmTrHVxNwHezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147515269803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Battery charging simulation test and data acquisition platform, figureFileSmall=q2nKQ+g0b8+RnJfsgHtrEw==, figureFileBig=O2BVbu6JfAKD9N54XtTk0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147632710321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电池充电模拟测试及数据采集平台, figureFileSmall=q2nKQ+g0b8+RnJfsgHtrEw==, figureFileBig=O2BVbu6JfAKD9N54XtTk0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147724985018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Position corresponding to output temperature node of LSTM temperature prediction model, figureFileSmall=mGQUAXYLOLVU/Wjr1AbTzQ==, figureFileBig=+2igrtNyrZwfpZ3BvgPBog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147804676803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LSTM温度预测模型输出温度节点的对应位置, figureFileSmall=mGQUAXYLOLVU/Wjr1AbTzQ==, figureFileBig=+2igrtNyrZwfpZ3BvgPBog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945147922117328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Analysis of correlation between key input signals and output temperatures, figureFileSmall=Pne2y8pbzoHM/tH3/qx0TA==, figureFileBig=KUw9/pLN/kg0v5aPC83ltA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148094083801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图4, caption=关键输入信号与输出温度互相关性分析, figureFileSmall=Pne2y8pbzoHM/tH3/qx0TA==, figureFileBig=KUw9/pLN/kg0v5aPC83ltA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148236690154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Flow chart of model predictive control, figureFileSmall=VQuYwswrkiKBpEaOYQzyqg==, figureFileBig=MSW+j9KgCCBrMZeBto/Sag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148412850935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模型预测控制流程, figureFileSmall=VQuYwswrkiKBpEaOYQzyqg==, figureFileBig=MSW+j9KgCCBrMZeBto/Sag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148509319935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comparison of fan speed and noise under Chevy Bolt condition, figureFileSmall=laDo7fKzQmt+lFDmBoDDBw==, figureFileBig=7IvOAMRbZUGzw3UiSs7/1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148601594629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图6, caption=雪佛兰Bolt工况风扇转速、噪声对比, figureFileSmall=laDo7fKzQmt+lFDmBoDDBw==, figureFileBig=7IvOAMRbZUGzw3UiSs7/1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148719035152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison of temperature of power devices under Chevy Bolt condition, figureFileSmall=li+87888KxvYwVBDADvhfg==, figureFileBig=+v/ie1e8DAWwArC5Urrn/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148823892759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图7, caption=雪佛兰Bolt工况功率器件温度对比, figureFileSmall=li+87888KxvYwVBDADvhfg==, figureFileBig=+v/ie1e8DAWwArC5Urrn/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945148962304802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of fan speed and noise under NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=rZZDtG1vIeaydOePAN+7yg==, figureFileBig=r5T8iN5vjL0tPWO19D/xzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149058773798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图8, caption=蔚来ES6工况风扇转速、噪声对比, figureFileSmall=rZZDtG1vIeaydOePAN+7yg==, figureFileBig=r5T8iN5vjL0tPWO19D/xzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149134271279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of temperature of power devices under NIO ES6 condition, figureFileSmall=9XRdayRDiLIUE+bjr6ScUA==, figureFileBig=y6LqhvnAPEEYagy1knELNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149251711801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=图9, caption=蔚来ES6工况功率器件温度对比, figureFileSmall=9XRdayRDiLIUE+bjr6ScUA==, figureFileBig=y6LqhvnAPEEYagy1knELNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945149360763715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information about basic parameters of charging module

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值/模式
输出功率/kW 30
最高效率/% 96.4
散热方式 强制风冷
输出电压/V 200~1 000
最大噪声/dB 75
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149562090317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

充电模块基本参数信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值/模式
输出功率/kW 30
最高效率/% 96.4
散热方式 强制风冷
输出电压/V 200~1 000
最大噪声/dB 75
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149708890967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Output target of LSTM temperature prediction model and the corresponding maximum allowable temperature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输出参数 最大许可温度/℃
MOS管温度 80
主变线圈温度 110
主变磁芯温度 110
整流板温度 90
), ArticleFig(id=1205945149830525788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LSTM温度预测模型的输出目标及对应的最大许可温度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输出参数 最大许可温度/℃
MOS管温度 80
主变线圈温度 110
主变磁芯温度 110
整流板温度 90
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150010880874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Hyperparameters of LSTM neural network

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入维度 5
输出维度 4
网络层数 2
状态向量特征数 5
学习率 0.05
激活函数 ReLU
预测步长/s 30
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150132515703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LSTM神经网络超参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入维度 5
输出维度 4
网络层数 2
状态向量特征数 5
学习率 0.05
激活函数 ReLU
预测步长/s 30
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150270927743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

RMSE of LSTM temperature prediction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输出温度节点 均方根误差/℃
MOS管 1.83
主变线圈 1.71
主变磁芯 2.06
整流管 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150413534089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

LSTM温度预测均方根误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输出温度节点 均方根误差/℃
MOS管 1.83
主变线圈 1.71
主变磁芯 2.06
整流管 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150522585997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

MPC parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
MOS管温度上限${x}_{1lim}$/℃ 55
主变线圈温度上限${x}_{\text{2lim}}$/℃ 95
主变磁芯温度上限${x}_{\text{3lim}}$/℃ 95
整流板温度上限${x}_{\text{4lim}}$/℃ 75
转速下限${u}_{\text{lowlim}}$/rpm 3 500
转速上限${u}_{\text{uplim}}$/rpm 14 000
控制步长${t}_{\text{c}}$/s 1
移动时间窗口${t}_{\text{w}}$/s 5
预测步长${t}_{\text{pre}}$/s 30
风扇转速状态数${n}_{\text{s}}$ 10
), ArticleFig(id=1205945150644220820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

MPC参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
MOS管温度上限${x}_{1lim}$/℃ 55
主变线圈温度上限${x}_{\text{2lim}}$/℃ 95
主变磁芯温度上限${x}_{\text{3lim}}$/℃ 95
整流板温度上限${x}_{\text{4lim}}$/℃ 75
转速下限${u}_{\text{lowlim}}$/rpm 3 500
转速上限${u}_{\text{uplim}}$/rpm 14 000
控制步长${t}_{\text{c}}$/s 1
移动时间窗口${t}_{\text{w}}$/s 5
预测步长${t}_{\text{pre}}$/s 30
风扇转速状态数${n}_{\text{s}}$ 10
), ArticleFig(id=1205945151881540509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Basic charging information about Chevy Bolt condition and NIO ES6 condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 雪佛兰Bolt工况 蔚来ES6工况
充电时长/s 4 500 4 000
最大输出功率/kW 27.86 27.53
最大输出电压/V 400 395
SOC充电范围/% 14~84 30~90
功率超过25 kW
时长占比/%
38.2 26.7
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152011563939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6充电工况基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 雪佛兰Bolt工况 蔚来ES6工况
充电时长/s 4 500 4 000
最大输出功率/kW 27.86 27.53
最大输出电压/V 400 395
SOC充电范围/% 14~84 30~90
功率超过25 kW
时长占比/%
38.2 26.7
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152116421543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Noise reduction effect under Chevy Bolt and NIO ES6 conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 雪佛兰Bolt工况 蔚来ES6工况
风扇最大转速降低/rpm 744 649
风扇平均转速降低/rpm 1293 629
风扇最大噪声降低/dB 1.56 1.57
风扇平均噪声降低/dB 4.99 2.40
), ArticleFig(id=1205945152225473453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828037582099095, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6工况降噪效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 雪佛兰Bolt工况 蔚来ES6工况
风扇最大转速降低/rpm 744 649
风扇平均转速降低/rpm 1293 629
风扇最大噪声降低/dB 1.56 1.57
风扇平均噪声降低/dB 4.99 2.40
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1046111678587809797, delFlag=0, nameCn=电源学报, nameEn=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-2805, eissn=, cn=12-1420/TM, coden=null, periodic=bio-monthly, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=J Power Supp, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1759802942253, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, picEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1162453073839375337, language=CN, name=电源学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/home, createdTime=1755080010137, updatedTime=1755080010137, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1162453073902289898, language=EN, name=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, createdTime=1755080010152, updatedTime=1755080010152, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031654075715584, websiteList=[Website(id=1146832214672683008, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751355707101, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435268747, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155559379819679852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753436425404, updateTime=1753436425404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379798708329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753436425399, updateTime=1753436425399, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379781931112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1753436425396, updateTime=1753436425396, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379811291243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753436425402, updateTime=1753436425402, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379802902634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753436425400, updateTime=1753436425400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1148243202240405915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112741, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435242839, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618015060553758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781475081, updateTime=1751781475081, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015035387931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781475075, updateTime=1751781475075, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015022805018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1751781475072, updateTime=1751781475072, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015052165149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781475079, updateTime=1751781475079, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015043776540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781475077, updateTime=1751781475077, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=电源学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Power Supply, journalPhotoCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPhotoEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于预测控制的电动汽车快充模块热管理策略
收藏切换
PDF下载
李靖璇 , 鲁岩松 , 朱翀 , 卢徐 , 张希
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2025,23(2): 240-246
收起
收藏切换
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2025, 23(2): 240-246
基于预测控制的电动汽车快充模块热管理策略
全屏
李靖璇 , 鲁岩松 , 朱翀 , 卢徐 , 张希
作者信息
  • 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240
  • 李靖璇(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车充电模块及电机热管理。E-mail:

    鲁岩松(1991— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱系统热管理、电机控制及电力电子技术。E-mail:

    卢徐(1998— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:

    张希(1980— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源汽车电驱动及电力电子技术、新能源汽车智能电池管理与无线充电技术、智能网联汽车环境感知与智能决策技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

朱翀(1989— ),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:动力电池低温热管理、电动汽车无线充电、电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:
Thermal Management Strategy for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Module Based on Predictive Control
Jingxuan LI , Yansong LU , Chong ZHU , Xu LU , Xi ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240
文章导航
收藏切换

电动汽车快充充电桩在高功率工作下功率器件容易超温造成安全隐患,而现有冷却策略采用基于规则控制的强制风冷方式,散热风扇转速大且产生较大的环境噪声。为保护模块核心器件的热安全同时优化冷却调节策略,提出1种基于数据驱动模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)的电动汽车快充模块优化热管理方法。该方法采用数据驱动构建基于长短期记忆神经网络的模块温度分布的预测模型,并结合MPC对风扇转速进行调控,优化快充模块热管理策略并降低风扇噪声。经过实验测试,验证了该方法在保证各关键器件不超温的同时,可有效降低风扇平均转速1 293 rpm,降低平均噪声4.99 dB,保障了核心器件热安全性及散热风扇耐久性。

模型预测控制  /  长短期记忆神经网络  /  快充模块  /  热管理  /  风扇降噪

Electric vehicle fast charging piles are prone to overheating of power devices under high-power operation, causing potential safety hazards. However, the existing cooling strategy adopts a rule-based forced air cooling method, and the cooling fan rotates at a high speed and generates large environmental noise. To protect the thermal safety of core components in the module while optimizing the cooling regulation strategy, an optimal thermal management method for electric vehicle fast charging module based on data-driven model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. This method adopts a data-driven method to construct a prediction model of module temperature distribution based on the long short-term memory neural network, and it combines MPC to control the fan speed, thus optimizing the thermal management strategy for the fast charging module and reducing the fan noise. Through experimental tests, it was verified that this method can effectively reduce the average fan speed by 1 293 rpm and reduce the average noise by 4.99 dB while ensuring that the key components are not overheated, which ensures the thermal safety of core components and the durability of the cooling fan.

Model predictive control (MPC)  /  long short-term memory neural network  /  fast charging module  /  thermal management  /  fan noise reduction
李靖璇, 鲁岩松, 朱翀, 卢徐, 张希. 基于预测控制的电动汽车快充模块热管理策略. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 240 -246 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240
Jingxuan LI, Yansong LU, Chong ZHU, Xu LU, Xi ZHANG. Thermal Management Strategy for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Module Based on Predictive Control[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 240 -246 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240
随着电动汽车快速增多和发展,对充电桩的建设需求也愈发显著,相比于传统交流充电桩,直流充电桩具有充电功率大、充电速度快等特点,但易导致工作时内部功率器件升温过快,威胁功率器件热安全[1]。充电桩常用强制风冷作为其主要散热方式,现有策略基于简单规则,较为粗犷,在高功率工作下散热风扇转速过快,会增大风扇噪声并降低风扇的使用寿命,限制了直流充电桩的发展和普及。为进一步提升充电模块的运转安全性并降低风扇噪声,延长其使用寿命,需要对直流快充模块建立预测热模型并优化热管理方法。
采用有限元方法能够模拟产热系统的耦合热效应及温度分布细节,但较为耗时,无法实时在线运行,而建立热模型的方法可以减少计算量并提供合理准确的温度预测[2]。传统热阻网络模型基于传热学理论构建,但复杂系统模型的建立及参数的标定较为困难[3],而采用数据驱动的方法可以避免这些问题。Wallscheid等[4]采用长短期记忆LSTM(long short-term memory)神经网络模型对电动汽车永磁同步电机的定子轭部、齿部、绕组及转子永磁体进行温度预测,取得了较好的预测效果。
此外,现有基于规则控制的热管理方法较为简单,未能充分利用热模型有效信息,而模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)方法便于处理有约束的非线性优化问题,受到广泛关注。Vazquez等[5]详细描述了MPC的工作原理,确定了MPC策略中的3个重要因素:预测模型、代价函数、优化算法,总结了其最新研究进展及不同解决方案;Mantovani等[6]采用MPC方法来解决购物中心的热能控制问题,旨在采用先进控制策略来减少建筑系统的耗电和产热;Amini等[7]提出了1种层次化MPC (H-MPC)方法,并研究了其在电动汽车电池热管理和能量管理中的应用。
本文提出1种基于数据驱动模型预测控制的电动汽车快充模块优化热管理方法,通过电池模拟测试实验构建数据集,基于数据驱动的方法建立LSTM充电模块温度预测模型,采用基于LSTM预测模型的MPC控制策略。基于数据驱动的预测模型能够提升模型预测的精度和可靠性,结合MPC控制策略能够对风扇转速、功率器件温度进行有效优化。实验结果表明,该方法能够将关键器件的温度控制在安全范围内,并降低风扇平均转速1 293 rpm,降低平均噪声4.99 dB,可有效保障功率器件热安全并延长风扇使用寿命。
为构建基于LSTM的充电模块温度预测模型,需要通过充电模拟实验获取足够的训练数据。本文采用电池模拟器模拟电池负载进行实验测试,控制模块在不同的充电曲线工况下工作,采集模块的温度信号及电信号作为实验数据。实验测试对象选取1个最大功率30 kW的充电模块,其基本参数信息见表1
动力锂离子电池在电动汽车行业发挥关键性作用[8],根据车用动力电池充电主要方式[9],并参考公开的多种不同车型电池包充电工况,设计充电曲线工况。本文研究及控制目标针对单一充电模块,设计得到单体充电模块的不同充电曲线,其中参考雪佛兰Bolt和蔚来ES6工况得到的充电曲线如图1所示。
在不同充电曲线工况下进行充电模拟实验,实验平台如图2所示,模块采取强制风冷散热方式,在基于简单规则的控制方式下进行多组充电测试实验,得到充分的测试数据,建立信息全面的数据集,为后续LSTM神经网络搭建与训练提供数据支撑。
LSTM模型在循环神经网络RNN(recurrent neural network)模型的基础上增加了输入门限、输出门限、遗忘门限3个逻辑控制单元,使得LSTM能够真正有效地利用长距离时序信息[10],常被用于时序数据的预测。本文采用数据驱动方法,利用LSTM神经网络来构建充电模块温度预测模型,通过当前的数据信号预测一定时间后的核心器件温度。
DC-DC板在充电模块工作中功率最大、发热量最多,其中,整流管、MOS管、主变线圈及主变磁芯对高温敏感且升温较快,容易损坏,因此选取其工作温度作为模型的输出温度,对应位置如图3所示,最大许可温度见表2
从模块反馈的信号中选取关键信号与输出温度进行互相关性分析,如图4所示。
考虑互相关性分析及环境因素,选取交流输入功率、变压器温度、二极管温度、空气流速、环境温度作为输入参数。基于Tensorflow平台的keras库搭建LSTM神经网络,将输入层与全连接层连接构成LSTM基本网络结构。激活函数ReLU相比于Sigmoid和tanh能更加有效地进行梯度下降及反向传播,利于上机数字信号处理器DSP(digital signal processor)部署,并简化计算过程,因此本文LSTM神经网络使用ReLU作为激活函数,网络超参数见表3
MPC方法的主要特点为预测模型、滚动优化、反馈校正[11],本文中的MPC方法采用LSTM温度预测模型作为预测模型,其在时间序列上的拟合和预测性能整体较优,同时较好地改善了梯度消失和梯度爆炸问题,对长期的时间序列存在一定记忆能力。LSTM温度预测模型基于数据驱动的方法,通过测试数据集进行数据训练,经过不断训练提升预测模型的精度,根据输入能够有效预测未来的输出,具有普遍的适用性,将LSTM预测模型作为MPC的预测模型,有效提升了传统MPC预测的效率和精度。
基于LSTM的模型预测控制流程如图5所示,图中:x表示温度;u表示转速;y表示充电模块输出的温度。选取LSTM预测模型输出温度作为系统状态量,选取充电模块输出温度作为系统输出量,设定散热风扇转速为系统控制量。整体控制过程中,在移动时间窗口的有限时域内对风扇转速进行滚动时域控制,将设定的温度上限参数及预测模型的预测结果输入到代价函数中进行滚动优化,输出最优控制的风扇转速,采用该转速对充电模块进行有效散热调控。
由于充电模块产热、散热过程具有非线性的特点且存在约束条件,因此本文采用约束非线性有限状态MPC方法,约束条件分为状态量约束和控制量约束,可表示为
${x}_{i}<{x}_{i\mathrm{lim}}$
${u}_{\text{lowlim}}<u<{u}_{\text{uplim}}$
式中:${x}_{i}$为各个节点的温度;${x}_{i\mathrm{lim}}$为温度上限;${u}_{\text{lowlim}}$为转速下限;${u}_{\text{uplim}}$为转速上限。
在移动时间窗口的有限时域内,代价函数进行评估时,权衡关键节点温度和风扇噪声带来的影响,由此将这2个控制目标纳入代价函数,实现多目标的非线性控制,其表达式为
$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{min}J(x,u)=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }{\displaystyle \sum _{t}^{t+{t}_{\text{w}}-1}\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}{w}_{{x}_{i}}\frac{1}{{‖{x}_{i\mathrm{lim}}(t)-{x}_{i}(t)‖}^{2}}}+{w}_{u}\frac{1}{{‖{u}_{\text{uplim}}-u‖}^{2}}\right)}\end{array}$
式中:${t}_{\text{w}}$为时间窗口宽度;n为输出温度节点数;${w}_{{x}_{i}}$为各个温度节点的温度权重系数;${x}_{i}{}_{\text{lim}}\left(t\right)$t时刻各个节点温度上限;${x}_{i}\left(t\right)$t时刻各个节点温度状态量;${w}_{u}$为转速权重系数。
代价函数是用来衡量模型预测控制的性能指标,代价函数越小,说明MPC控制效果越好。第1个参数x用来对温度的影响进行评估,当各个节点的温度越接近温度上限,第1个参数越大,表明控制效果越差;第2个参数u用来对转速的影响进行评估,转速越接近转速上限,第2个参数越大,表明控制效果越差。通过2个参数对温度和转速进行综合评估,保证温度在安全范围的同时,转速尽可能低。
为提升控制算法的执行效率,采用有限状态MPC,即在每个有限时域内将控制量在约束条件内均匀划分为不同的状态,并对每个状态计算1次代价函数,根据计算结果选取最优控制量。为进一步提升转速精度,在上一个控制量结果的附近范围内再均匀划分状态,进行二次收敛计算,实现控制量平滑的同时,得到最优的转速控制结果。
首先进行LSTM预测模型的训练及验证,通过内置热电偶测量模块器件节点温度,将电池充电模拟实验得到的数据留出一定数据作为验证集,并按照8:2的比例将剩余数据划分为训练集和测试集。经过训练集和测试集的训练后,使用验证集对LSTM预测模型进行验证,对4个目标在未来一定时间的预测温度误差见表4
考虑到功率器件热安全,MPC控制策略温度约束条件相比于最大许可温度留出一定安全空间,其约束条件与控制参数见表5
充电模块的控制芯片型号为STM32F745,工作频率达216 MHz,将所提MPC策略嵌入部署到该控制器中,并在雪佛兰Bolt工况和蔚来ES6工况下进行温升测试,其工况基本信息见表6
将雪佛兰Bolt与蔚来ES6充电工况在MPC方法下的调控结果与基于规则控制下的调控结果进行对比,得到其风扇转速、风扇噪声及关键温度节点对比曲线,如图6~图9所示。
可以看出,基于LSTM温度预测模型的MPC方法能够有效控制4个关键功率器件的温度不超过温度上限,保证了其热安全性。同时相比于基于规则控制方式,2个工况的降速、降噪效果十分明显,见表7
综上,根据对未来温度变化趋势的预测能力,使用LSTM温度预测模型的MPC能够有效对充电模块冷却系统进行调控,合理分配冷却系统的使用,可以对充电模块的温升进行科学可靠的管理和调控。
针对直流快充模块高功率工作过程中的热安全隐患,本文提出了1种基于数据驱动模型预测控制的电动汽车快充模块优化热管理方法。采用LSTM神经网络构建预测模型,对未来温度预测平均误差为1.96 ℃,具有较高的精度,由于充电模块产热、散热模型是非线性系统,数据驱动的方法避免了复杂系统的模型建立和参数标定问题,具有广泛的适应性。同时,结合风冷的非线性散热特性,设计非线性MPC控制策略,采用滚动时域优化的方法对冷却策略进行有效调控。经过实验测试,验证了该方法能有效控制关键器件不超温,并在雪佛兰Bolt充电工况下,有效降低风扇平均转速1 293 rpm,降低平均噪声4.99 dB;在蔚来ES6充电工况下,有效降低风扇平均转速629 rpm,降低平均噪声1.57 dB,实现温度管控的同时合理调配冷却系统性能。所提方法保障了快充模块内部核心器件的热安全性,同时降低了风扇噪声,延长了其使用寿命。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177218)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007119)
  • 科技部重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFE0100200)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张奇志. 直流充电桩的基本工作原理及技术发展趋势[J]. 电子产品世界, 2017, 24(10): 63-66.
Zhang Qizhi. The basic working principle and technical development trend of DC charging pile[J]. Electronic Engineering & Product World, 2017, 24(10): 63-66. (in Chinese)
[2]
Sabry M N. Compact thermal models for electronic systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 2003, 26(1): 179-185.
[3]
Jain A, Jones R E, Chatterjee R, et al. Thermal modeling and design of 3D integrated circuits[C]// 2008 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems. Orlando, FL, USA, 2008: 1139-1145.
[4]
Wallscheid O, Kirchgässner W, Böcker J. Investigation of long short-term memory networks to temperature prediction for permanent magnet synchronous motors[C]// 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Anchorage, AK, USA, 2017: 1940-1947.
[5]
Vazquez S, Rodriguez J, Rivera M, et al. Model predictive control for power converters and drives: Advances and trends[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(2): 935-947.
[6]
Mantovani G, Ferrarini L. Temperature control of a commercial building with model predictive control techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(4): 2651-2660.
[7]
Amini M R, Kolmanovsky I, Sun Jing. Hierarchical MPC for robust eco-cooling of connected and automated vehicles and its application to electric vehicle battery thermal management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2021, 29(1): 316-328.
[8]
何文轩, 耿磊, 姚芳. 电动汽车动力锂离子电池可靠性关键技术综述[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(2): 183-196.
He Wenxuan, Geng Lei, Yao Fang. Overview of key reliability technologies for power lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(2): 183-196. (in Chinese)
[9]
姚雷, 王震坡. 锂离子动力电池充电方式的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2015, 37(1): 72-77.
Yao Lei, Wang Zhenpo. A research on the charging protocols of lithium-ion traction battery[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2015, 37(1): 72-77. (in Chinese)
[10]
Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory[J]. Neural Computation, 1997, 9: 1735-1780.
[11]
García C E, Prett D M, Morari M. Model predictive control: Theory and practice—a survey[J]. Automatica, 1989, 25(3): 335-348.
2025年第23卷第2期
PDF下载
510
207
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240
  • 接收时间:2022-07-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-01
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04
  • 修回日期:2022-09-25
  • 录用日期:2022-10-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177218)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177218)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52007119)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007119)
National Key R&D Plan Key Special Project(2019YFE0100200)
科技部重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFE0100200)
作者信息
    上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240

通讯作者:

朱翀(1989— ),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,副教授。研究方向:动力电池低温热管理、电动汽车无线充电、电力电子变换器建模及控制。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.240
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏