Article(id=1146828029772305408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.21, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1652976000000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-20, revisedDate=1665072000000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-07, acceptedDate=1666281600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-10-21, onlineDate=1751354709331, onlineDateStr=2025-07-01, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751354709331, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073867270, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751354709331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751354709331, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828027490604008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354708786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499546380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155776469561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828027490604008, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844398143464006, articleId=1146828029772305408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Optimal Control of Current Stress of Dual-active-bridge DC-DC Converter Based on Combined Dual-phase-shifting, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue that a dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter will produce large current stress when voltages mismatch and result in a large reduction of its efficiency, a combined dual-phase-shifting (CDPS) control strategy is proposed, which combines dual-internal-phase-shifting (DIPS) and interlaced-dual-phase-shifting (IDPS). First, the working principles of the two control strategies are analyzed, and the mathematical models of transmission power and current stress are established. Second, with the minimum current stress as the objective, the optimal phase-shifting ratios are solved by using the Lagrange multiplied method under the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition. Third, the optimization methods under the two control strategies are combined according to different voltage ratios and transmission power. The CDPS control is used to obtain the optimal solution of current stress, which is compared with those obtained under the existing single-phase-shifting and dual- phase-shifting control strategies. Results show that the proposed control strategy can further reduce the current stress and reactive power under the condition of high voltage ratios and improve the efficiency. Finally, an experimental prototype was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

, correspAuthors=Jianjiang SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weichen YU, Ming GAO, Fangyu GAN, Jianjiang SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146828034256015637, articleId=1146828029772305408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于组合双重移相的双有源桥DC-DC变换器电流应力优化控制, columnId=1149829799759339522, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=DC-DC变换器, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对双有源桥DC-DC变换器在电压不匹配时会产生较大的电流应力,导致变换器效率降低的问题,提出1种结合双重内移相与交错双重移相的组合双重移相控制策略。首先,分析2种控制策略工作原理,建立传输功率和电流应力的数学模型;然后,以最小电流应力为优化目标,利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件下的拉格朗日乘子法求解最优移相比;其次,根据电压比和传输功率对2种控制策略下的优化方法进行组合,利用组合双重移相控制获得全局电流应力最优解,并与现有的单移相和双重移相控制进行比较,得出所提控制策略能够在电压比较大的情况下进一步降低电流应力与回流功率,提高传输效率;最后,搭建实验样机验证该控制策略可行性。

, correspAuthors=石健将, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
石健将(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:高效能电能变换器及其先进数字控制技术、智能固态变压器及微网技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SrzkJys96/9P0MK1WS57GA==, magXml=FgucJwaP6bv4uB5Rlbg57g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TxBNI3rUv8GnrlCPJL7Vjw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wP9TufA+o8ysUPOoRCszBw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=fEuTZgNWJM0nb62ZU0F4aw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

余伟臣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:双向DC-DC变换器的优化控制。E-mail:

高明(1992— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:太阳能无人机能量管理系统。E-mail:

干方宇(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度LLC谐振变换器。E-mail:

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余伟臣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:双向DC-DC变换器的优化控制。E-mail:

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余伟臣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:双向DC-DC变换器的优化控制。E-mail:

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高明(1992— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:太阳能无人机能量管理系统。E-mail:

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高明(1992— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:太阳能无人机能量管理系统。E-mail:

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干方宇(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度LLC谐振变换器。E-mail:

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干方宇(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度LLC谐振变换器。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Optimization method of current stress for dual active bridge converter considering different soft switching modes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1205945156512055355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, awardId=52077199, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077199), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1205945156621107261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, awardId=52077199, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077199), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205945146290537153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205945146294731460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, companyId=1205945146290537153, language=EN, country=null, 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caption=Curves of minimum current stress and reactive power under different control strategies, figureFileSmall=CiOa1DrooQ/GxqouQ+uwiw==, figureFileBig=Cbt29i6HBAcLG3i+/3B4QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945152766542776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同控制策略下最小电流应力及回流功率曲线, figureFileSmall=CiOa1DrooQ/GxqouQ+uwiw==, figureFileBig=Cbt29i6HBAcLG3i+/3B4QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945152883983296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Control block diagram and logic block diagram of CDPS, figureFileSmall=50XeUPtmeIs3eL7H1ZNvSA==, figureFileBig=gevqnVPmTHs9dzyZhKqkog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945153026589639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CDPS的控制框图与逻辑框图, 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ArticleFig(id=1205945153584432095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同电压比情况下300 W的实验波形, figureFileSmall=JgDAV/uosmpKmRmrdHoYFQ==, figureFileBig=0sxScbbIeZVzTWcG36l6mA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945153714455531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Experimental waveforms at 450 W under different voltage ratios, figureFileSmall=Xr/je9Xxz/eG5m65oCblTQ==, figureFileBig=Rr1/GFSlyaAuLpjQbxZxaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945153840284656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同电压比情况下450 W的实验波形, figureFileSmall=Xr/je9Xxz/eG5m65oCblTQ==, figureFileBig=Rr1/GFSlyaAuLpjQbxZxaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945153949336568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Experimental curves under constant-power condition, figureFileSmall=hgq8WjEPIJj5TfzhmvQq7w==, figureFileBig=GLLiaBKKzkrLTBuqolXEHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945154117108734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图10, caption=恒定功率情况下实验曲线, figureFileSmall=hgq8WjEPIJj5TfzhmvQq7w==, figureFileBig=GLLiaBKKzkrLTBuqolXEHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945154230354944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Experimental curves at constant voltage ratios, figureFileSmall=wZe3pGzvvArrfkjMjVosRA==, figureFileBig=OvWgelr033G7hhgNot2/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945154339405829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=图11, caption=恒定电压比情况下实验曲线, figureFileSmall=wZe3pGzvvArrfkjMjVosRA==, figureFileBig=OvWgelr033G7hhgNot2/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205945154482012170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Expressions of current stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制
模态
移相比约束条件 电流应力
模态a ${D}_{1}+{D}_{2}⩽1$ $\text{2[}k(1-{D}_{1})+2{D}_{1}+{D}_{2}-1\text{]}$
模态b ${D}_{1}+{D}_{2}⩾1$ $2[k(1-{D}_{1})+1-{D}_{2}]$
模态1 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}D+{D}_{\text{S}}⩽1\\ {D}_{\text{S}}⩽\frac{1-D}{2}\end{array}\right.$ $2[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+2D+3{D}_{\text{S}}-1]$
模态2 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}D+{D}_{\text{S}}⩽1\\ {D}_{\text{S}}⩾\frac{1-D}{2}\end{array}\right.$ $2[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+1-{D}_{\text{S}}]$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945154574286863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电流应力表达式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制
模态
移相比约束条件 电流应力
模态a ${D}_{1}+{D}_{2}⩽1$ $\text{2[}k(1-{D}_{1})+2{D}_{1}+{D}_{2}-1\text{]}$
模态b ${D}_{1}+{D}_{2}⩾1$ $2[k(1-{D}_{1})+1-{D}_{2}]$
模态1 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}D+{D}_{\text{S}}⩽1\\ {D}_{\text{S}}⩽\frac{1-D}{2}\end{array}\right.$ $2[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+2D+3{D}_{\text{S}}-1]$
模态2 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}D+{D}_{\text{S}}⩽1\\ {D}_{\text{S}}⩾\frac{1-D}{2}\end{array}\right.$ $2[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+1-{D}_{\text{S}}]$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945154674950163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Combinations of minimum current stress and phase-shifting ratio under DIPS control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{DIPS}}$ 0≤p≤1/2 1/2< p≤2/3 ${D}_{1}$ ${D}_{2}$
模态a ${I}_{1}=\frac{4}{k}\left[k-1+\frac{1}{3}\left(A-k\sqrt{A\left(1-\frac{3}{2}p\right)}\right)\right]$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{1}\cup k⩾{k}_{2}$ $k⩾{k}_{1}$ $\frac{(3-2 k) D_{2}+k-1}{k}$ $\frac{A-k \sqrt{A\left(1-\frac{3}{2} p\right)}}{3 A}$
${I}_{2}=k-\left(2-k\right)\sqrt{1-2p}$ ${k}_{1}⩽k<2$ $\frac{1-\sqrt{1-2 p}}{2}$ 0
${I}_{3}=k+\left(2-k\right)\sqrt{1-2p}$ $2⩽k<{k}_{2}$ $\frac{1+\sqrt{1-2 p}}{2}$ 0
模态b ${I}_{4}=2\sqrt{2kp}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{3}$ $1-\sqrt{p\text{/}2k}$ $k D_{1}-k+1$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945154754641943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DIPS控制下的最小电流应力和移相比组合

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{DIPS}}$ 0≤p≤1/2 1/2< p≤2/3 ${D}_{1}$ ${D}_{2}$
模态a ${I}_{1}=\frac{4}{k}\left[k-1+\frac{1}{3}\left(A-k\sqrt{A\left(1-\frac{3}{2}p\right)}\right)\right]$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{1}\cup k⩾{k}_{2}$ $k⩾{k}_{1}$ $\frac{(3-2 k) D_{2}+k-1}{k}$ $\frac{A-k \sqrt{A\left(1-\frac{3}{2} p\right)}}{3 A}$
${I}_{2}=k-\left(2-k\right)\sqrt{1-2p}$ ${k}_{1}⩽k<2$ $\frac{1-\sqrt{1-2 p}}{2}$ 0
${I}_{3}=k+\left(2-k\right)\sqrt{1-2p}$ $2⩽k<{k}_{2}$ $\frac{1+\sqrt{1-2 p}}{2}$ 0
模态b ${I}_{4}=2\sqrt{2kp}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{3}$ $1-\sqrt{p\text{/}2k}$ $k D_{1}-k+1$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945154863693853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Combinations of minimum current stress and phase-shifting ratio under IDPS control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{IDPS}}$ 0≤p≤1/2 1/2<p≤2/3 2/3<p≤1 D ${D}_{\text{S}}$
模态1 ${I}_{5}=2k-\sqrt{2B(1-p)}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{4}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{4}\cup k⩾{k}_{5}$ $k⩾1$ $\frac{B-k\sqrt{2B(1-p)}}{2B}$ $\frac{(k-1)\left(1-2D\right)}{2k}$
${I}_{6}=\frac{2}{3}\left[2k-(3-k)\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right]$ ${k}_{4}⩽k<3$ ${k}_{4}⩽k<3$ 0 $\frac{1}{3}\left(1-\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right)$
${I}_{7}=\frac{2}{3}\left[2k+(3-k)\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right]$ $k⩾3$ $3⩽k<{k}_{5}$ 0 $\frac{1}{3}\left(1+\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right)$
模态2 ${I}_{8}=\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{2p}$ $k⩾1$ 0 $1-\sqrt{p\text{/}2}$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945154955968544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

IDPS控制下的最小电流应力与移相比组合

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{IDPS}}$ 0≤p≤1/2 1/2<p≤2/3 2/3<p≤1 D ${D}_{\text{S}}$
模态1 ${I}_{5}=2k-\sqrt{2B(1-p)}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{4}$ $1⩽k⩽{k}_{4}\cup k⩾{k}_{5}$ $k⩾1$ $\frac{B-k\sqrt{2B(1-p)}}{2B}$ $\frac{(k-1)\left(1-2D\right)}{2k}$
${I}_{6}=\frac{2}{3}\left[2k-(3-k)\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right]$ ${k}_{4}⩽k<3$ ${k}_{4}⩽k<3$ 0 $\frac{1}{3}\left(1-\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right)$
${I}_{7}=\frac{2}{3}\left[2k+(3-k)\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right]$ $k⩾3$ $3⩽k<{k}_{5}$ 0 $\frac{1}{3}\left(1+\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{2}p}\right)$
模态2 ${I}_{8}=\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{2p}$ $k⩾1$ 0 $1-\sqrt{p\text{/}2}$
), ArticleFig(id=1205945155065020454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Nominal parameters of prototype

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值 参数 数值
输入电压${U}_{1}$/V 100 额定功率P/W 500
输出电压${U}_{2}$/V 200 支撑电容${C}_{1}$/μF 680
开关频率${f}_{\text{S}}$/kHz 20 支撑电容${C}_{2}$/μF 680
串联等效电感L/μH 62.5 变压器变比${N}_{\text{P}}:{N}_{\text{S}}$ 1∶4
), ArticleFig(id=1205945155174072364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1146828029772305408, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

样机额定参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值 参数 数值
输入电压${U}_{1}$/V 100 额定功率P/W 500
输出电压${U}_{2}$/V 200 支撑电容${C}_{1}$/μF 680
开关频率${f}_{\text{S}}$/kHz 20 支撑电容${C}_{2}$/μF 680
串联等效电感L/μH 62.5 变压器变比${N}_{\text{P}}:{N}_{\text{S}}$ 1∶4
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基于组合双重移相的双有源桥DC-DC变换器电流应力优化控制
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余伟臣 , 高明 , 干方宇 , 石健将
电源学报 | DC-DC变换器 2025,23(2): 21-30
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电源学报 | DC-DC变换器 2025, 23(2): 21-30
基于组合双重移相的双有源桥DC-DC变换器电流应力优化控制
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余伟臣 , 高明 , 干方宇 , 石健将
作者信息
  • 浙江大学电气工程学院,杭州 310027
  • 余伟臣(1995— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:双向DC-DC变换器的优化控制。E-mail:

    高明(1992— ),男,博士研究生。研究方向:太阳能无人机能量管理系统。E-mail:

    干方宇(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度LLC谐振变换器。E-mail:

通讯作者:

石健将(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:高效能电能变换器及其先进数字控制技术、智能固态变压器及微网技术。E-mail:
Optimal Control of Current Stress of Dual-active-bridge DC-DC Converter Based on Combined Dual-phase-shifting
Weichen YU , Ming GAO , Fangyu GAN , Jianjiang SHI
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.21
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针对双有源桥DC-DC变换器在电压不匹配时会产生较大的电流应力,导致变换器效率降低的问题,提出1种结合双重内移相与交错双重移相的组合双重移相控制策略。首先,分析2种控制策略工作原理,建立传输功率和电流应力的数学模型;然后,以最小电流应力为优化目标,利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件下的拉格朗日乘子法求解最优移相比;其次,根据电压比和传输功率对2种控制策略下的优化方法进行组合,利用组合双重移相控制获得全局电流应力最优解,并与现有的单移相和双重移相控制进行比较,得出所提控制策略能够在电压比较大的情况下进一步降低电流应力与回流功率,提高传输效率;最后,搭建实验样机验证该控制策略可行性。

双有源桥  /  双重移相  /  电压比  /  电流应力  /  优化控制

To address the issue that a dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter will produce large current stress when voltages mismatch and result in a large reduction of its efficiency, a combined dual-phase-shifting (CDPS) control strategy is proposed, which combines dual-internal-phase-shifting (DIPS) and interlaced-dual-phase-shifting (IDPS). First, the working principles of the two control strategies are analyzed, and the mathematical models of transmission power and current stress are established. Second, with the minimum current stress as the objective, the optimal phase-shifting ratios are solved by using the Lagrange multiplied method under the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition. Third, the optimization methods under the two control strategies are combined according to different voltage ratios and transmission power. The CDPS control is used to obtain the optimal solution of current stress, which is compared with those obtained under the existing single-phase-shifting and dual- phase-shifting control strategies. Results show that the proposed control strategy can further reduce the current stress and reactive power under the condition of high voltage ratios and improve the efficiency. Finally, an experimental prototype was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

Dual-active-bridge  /  dual-phase-shifting  /  voltage ratio  /  current stress  /  optimal control
余伟臣, 高明, 干方宇, 石健将. 基于组合双重移相的双有源桥DC-DC变换器电流应力优化控制. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (2) : 21 -30 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.21
Weichen YU, Ming GAO, Fangyu GAN, Jianjiang SHI. Optimal Control of Current Stress of Dual-active-bridge DC-DC Converter Based on Combined Dual-phase-shifting[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (2) : 21 -30 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.21
双有源桥DAB(dual-active-bridge)DC-DC变换器因其具有电气隔离、结构对称、功率双向流动等特点,在分布式新能源、电动汽车、直流配电网等领域都有广泛应用[1-3]。移相控制为DAB的常用控制策略,通过一、二次侧全桥间的1个外移相角和全桥内的2个内移相角,即3个自由度的灵活组合可分为单移相SPS(single-phase-shifting)控制、双重移相DPS(dual-phase-shifting)控制和三重移相TPS (triple- phase-shifting)控制。
SPS利用桥间移相比实现功率大小和流向的控制,控制简单,且在输入、输出电压匹配时具有较高的传输效率[4];但是当电压不匹配时,会产生较大的回流功率和电流应力[5],可通过增加控制自由度来改善系统特性。DPS在SPS的基础上额外增加一次侧桥臂内移相角或者同步的一、二次侧桥臂2个内移相角,双自由度能够扩大功率调节范围,并能够从回流功率和电流应力等维度对变换器进行优化,提高在电压不匹配时的传输效率。TPS利用3个自由度实现对变换器的控制,SPS和DPS均可视为TPS的特殊情况,因其拥有最多的自由度,控制方式也更加灵活多样,能取得更好的优化效果[6-8]。虽然TPS对负面指标优化效果最佳,但3个控制变量和12个工作模态导致控制复杂、模态切换频繁,不利于变换器的稳定运行。因此,相较于三自由度与单自由度,双自由度的控制方式兼具宽泛的优化空间和相对简单的实现方式。文献[9]推导了DPS控制下电感电流和回流功率的数学模型,对最小回流功率进行求解,通过降低回流功率来减小电流应力以达到提升变换器效率的目的,但仅分析了电压比k=1的情况;文献[10-11]以最小回流功率为指标,求解DPS的最优移相比组合,能够在不同电压比的情况下通过降低回流功率以减小电流应力,提升变换器的效率;文献[12-13]对DPS控制下的所有模态进行了分析,并求解电流应力最小值;文献[14]对比最小回流功率和最小电流应力2种优化控制方法下的变换器工作效率,发现后者能获得更高的传输效率;文献[15]提出相比于全范围开关的条件约束,在自然软开关条件下能取得更小的电流应力及更高的传输效率。
为进一步降低在电压比较高时的电流应力,本文基于双自由度提出了双重内移相DIPS(dual-internal-phase-shifting)控制和交错双重移相IDPS(interlaced-dual-phase-shifting)控制,分析传输功率和电流应力的特性,以最小电流应力为目标,求解最优移相比组合;并通过组合双重移相控制策略CDPS (combined-dual-phase-shifting)获得全功率范围内的电流应力最优解;最后,通过实验样机验证了本文所提控制策略的可行性。
DAB拓扑结构如图1所示,主要由2个全桥电路${\text{H}}_{\text{1}}、{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$和1个高频变压器T组成。${\text{S}}_{\text{1}}{\text{~S}}_{\text{8}}$为全桥电路的有源开关管,${\text{D}}_{{\text{S}}_{1}}~{\text{D}}_{{\text{S}}_{8}}$为开关管的旁路二极管,${U}_{1}$${U}_{2}$分别为输入、输出端口电压,${u}_{\text{h1}}$${u}_{\text{h2}}$分别为${\text{H}}_{\text{1}}、{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$桥臂中点的交流电压,${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$为两侧端口的吸收电容,L为串联移相电感与变压器漏感之和,${u}_{L}$为电感电压,${i}_{L}$为流经电感的电流,${N}_{\text{P}}、{N}_{\text{S}}$为变压器一、二次侧的匝数。定义$n={N}_{\text{P}}\text{/}{N}_{\text{S}}$,电压转换比$k={U}_{1}\text{/}n{U}_{2}$k≥1,${f}_{\text{s}}$为开关频率,${T}_{\text{hs}}$为半个开关周期。
DIPS通过桥内移相比${D}_{\text{1}}$${D}_{\text{2}}$这2个控制自由度实现功率传输控制。${D}_{\text{1}}$为一次侧全桥驱动信号${\text{G}}_{\text{4}}$对于${\text{G}}_{\text{1}}$的滞后移相比;${D}_{\text{2}}$为二次侧驱动信号${\text{G}}_{\text{8}}$对于${\text{G}}_{\text{5}}$的超前移相比。根据移相比的大小关系分为2种工作模态:${D}_{\text{1}}\text{+}{D}_{\text{2}}⩽\text{1}$(模态a)和${D}_{\text{1}}\text{+}{D}_{\text{2}}⩾\text{1}$(模态b),其工作波形分别如图2(a)(b)所示。
当DAB在DIPS控制下处于稳态时,以模态a为例,基于电感电流${i}_{L}$的对称特性${i}_{L}\left({t}_{0}\right)=-{i}_{L}\left({t}_{3}\right)$及半个开关周期内各时刻对应的移相比${t}_{0}=0$${t}_{1}={D}_{2}{T}_{\text{hs}}$${t}_{2}=\left(1-{D}_{1}\right){T}_{\text{hs}}$${t}_{3}={T}_{\text{hs}}$,可得各时刻的电感电流为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{L}({t}_{0})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k({D}_{1}-1)+1-{D}_{2}]\\ {i}_{L}({t}_{1})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(2{D}_{2}+{D}_{1}-1)+1-{D}_{2}]\\ {i}_{L}({t}_{2})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{1})+2{D}_{1}+{D}_{2}-1]\end{array}\right.$
由此可得模态a的传输功率为
$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{\text{DIPS}\left(\text{a}\right)}=\frac{1}{{T}_{\text{hs}}}{\displaystyle {\int }_{0}^{{T}_{\text{hs}}}{u}_{\text{h}1}{i}_{L}(t)\text{d}t}=\\ \frac{n{U}_{1}{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}\left[{D}_{1}\left(1-{D}_{1}-{D}_{2}\right)+{D}_{2}\left(1-{D}_{2}\right)\right]\end{array}$
同理得到模态b的传输功率表达式,利用${P}_{\text{B}}$作为基准值标幺化,得
${P}_{\text{B}}=\frac{n{U}_{1}{U}_{2}}{8{f}_{\text{s}}L}$
${p}_{\text{DIPS}}=\left\{\begin{array}{l}2\left[{D}_{1}\left(1-{D}_{1}-{D}_{2}\right)+{D}_{2}\left(1-{D}_{2}\right)\right]模态\text{a}\\ 2\left[1-{D}_{1}-{D}_{2}+{D}_{1}{D}_{2}\right]模态\text{b}\end{array}\right.$
IDPS在DIPS的基础上同步一、二次侧全桥内移相比,即${D}_{1}={D}_{2}={D}_{\text{S}}$,且增加二次侧驱动信号${\text{G}}_{\text{5}}$对于一次侧驱动信号${\text{G}}_{\text{1}}$的滞后移相比$D$。根据移相比的大小关系将其分为2种工作模态:$D+{D}_{\text{S}}⩽1$$D$≤1-2${D}_{\text{S}}$(模态1)和D+${D}_{\text{S}}$≤1,D≥1-2${D}_{\text{S}}$(模态2),其工作波形分别如图3(a)(b)所示。
以模态1为例,基于电感电流${i}_{L}$的对称特性${i}_{L}\left({t}_{0}\right)=$$-{i}_{L}\left({t}_{4}\right)$及半个开关周期内各时刻对应的移相比${t}_{0}=0$${t}_{1}=D{T}_{\text{hs}}$${t}_{2}=\left(D+{D}_{\text{S}}\right){T}_{\text{hs}}$${t}_{3}=\left(1-{D}_{\text{S}}\right){T}_{\text{hs}}$${t}_{4}={T}_{\text{hs}}$,可得各时刻的电感电流为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{L}({t}_{0})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k({D}_{\text{S}}-1)+1-{D}_{\text{S}}-2D]\\ {i}_{L}({t}_{1})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(2D+{D}_{\text{S}}-1)+1-{D}_{\text{S}}]\\ {i}_{L}({t}_{2})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(2D+3{D}_{\text{S}}-1)+1-{D}_{\text{S}}]\\ {i}_{L}({t}_{3})=\frac{n{U}_{2}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+2D+3{D}_{\text{S}}-1]\end{array}\right.$
由此可得模态1的传输功率表达式,同理可得模态2的传输功率表达式,标幺化后得
${p}_{\text{IDPS}}=\left\{\begin{array}{l}2\left[2D\left(1-D\right)+{D}_{\text{S}}\left(2-4D-3{D}_{\text{S}}\right)\right]\text{ }\text{ }模态1\\ 2\left[{D}_{\text{S}}\left({D}_{\text{S}}-2\right)-{D}^{2}+1\right]\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }模态2\end{array}\right.$
图4为传输功率曲线。图4(a)${p}_{\text{DIPS}}$的等高线,${p}_{\text{DIPS}}\in $[0,2/3],当${D}_{1}={D}_{2}=1/3$时,对应传输功率最大值${p}_{\text{DIPS}}$=2/3。图4(b)${p}_{\text{DIPS}}$的等高线,${p}_{\text{DIPS}}\in $[0,1],当${D}_{\text{S}}=0$D=1/2时,对应传输功率最大值${p}_{\text{IDPS}}$=1。通过分析DIPS与IDPS这2种控制策略的功率特性可以发现,当外移相比为0,内移相比相等,即D=0、${D}_{\text{S}}={D}_{1}={D}_{2}$时,2种控制策略具有相同的功率特性和开关模态,定义为同步模态,则同步模态下的传输功率标幺值${p}_{\text{sync}}$
$p_{\text {sync }}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 2\left(2 D_{\mathrm{S}}-3 D_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}\right) & D_{\mathrm{S}} \leqslant 0.5 \\ 2\left(1-2 D_{\mathrm{S}}+D_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}\right) & D_{\mathrm{S}} \geqslant 0.5 \end{array}\right.$
${p}_{\text{sync}}$功率曲线如图4(c)所示,当${D}_{\text{S}}\in $[0,1/3]时,${p}_{\text{sync}}$呈单调递增特性;当${D}_{\text{S}}\in $[1/3,1]时,${p}_{\text{sync}}$呈单调递减特性,随着${D}_{\text{S}}$的增大由2/3递减至0。同步模态同时被包含于DIPS和IDPS,可通过同步模态实现2种控制策略的自然过渡。
通过第1节的分析,可得到2种控制策略下的电感电流最大值${I}_{\text{P}}$
${I}_{\text{P}}=\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{n{U}_{\text{2}}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{1})+2{D}_{1}+{D}_{2}-1]\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }模态a\text{ }\\ \frac{n{U}_{\text{2}}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{1})+1-{D}_{2}]\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }模态b\\ \frac{n{U}_{\text{2}}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+2{D}_{1}+3{D}_{\text{S}}-1]\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }模态1\\ \frac{n{U}_{\text{2}}}{4{f}_{\text{s}}L}[k(1-{D}_{\text{S}})+1-{D}_{\text{S}}]\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }模态2\end{array}\right.$
利用SPS控制下的最大电流${I}_{\text{B}}$作为基准值将式(8)标幺化可得电流应力的表达式为
$I_{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{n U_{2}}{8 f_{\mathrm{s}} L}$
不同模态下的电流应力表达式见表1
为求解最小电流应力,开关管处于自然软开关状态[15]。利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件下的拉格朗日乘子法求得电流应力最优解。以DIPS的模态a为例,构建方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}L\left({D}_{1},\text{ }{D}_{2},\text{ }\lambda,\text{ }{\mu }_{1},\text{ }{\mu }_{2},\text{ }{\mu }_{3}\right)={I}_{\text{DIPS,a}}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)+\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\lambda h\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)+{\mu }_{1}{g}_{1}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)+{\mu }_{2}{g}_{2}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)+\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }{\mu }_{3}{g}_{3}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)\\ h\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)={D}_{1}\left(1-{D}_{1}-{D}_{2}\right)+{D}_{2}\left(1-{D}_{2}\right)-p/2\\ {\nabla }_{x}L=0\\ {\nabla }_{y}L=0\\ h\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)=0\\ {g}_{1}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)=-{D}_{1}⩽0\\ {g}_{2}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)=-{D}_{2}⩽0\\ {g}_{3}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)={D}_{1}+{D}_{2}-1⩽0\\ {\mu }_{j}{g}_{j}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2}\right)=0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }j=1,2,3\end{array}\right.$
为便于分析,统一传输功率标幺值为p。通过求解式(10)得到DIPS控制下模态a的最小电流应力${I}_{1}~{I}_{3}$表达式及其对应的移相比组合,同理得模态b的最小电流应力${I}_{4}$表达式及其对应的移相比组合,结果见表2,其中,$({k}_{1}=1-\sqrt{1-2p})\text{/}p$${k}_{2}=$$(1+\sqrt{1-2p})\text{/}p$${k}_{3}=(1-p+\sqrt{1-2p})\text{/}p$$A={k}^{2}-3k+3$$A>0$
DIPS控制下,对2个模态的电流应力最小值进行比较求得整体电流应力最优解,可表示为
${I}_{\text{DIPS}}=\mathrm{min}\left\{{I}_{1},{I}_{2},{I}_{3},{I}_{4}\right\}$
同理,IDPS控制下模态1和模态2的最小电流应力表达式及其对应的移相比组合见表3,其中,${k}_{4}=\frac{1-2\sqrt{1-(3/2)p}}{2p-1}\left(p=0.5,{k}_{1}=1.5\right),{k}_{5}=$$\frac{1+2\sqrt{1-(3/2)p}}{2p-1},B={k}^{2}-2k+3且B>0$
IDPS控制下,对2个模态的电流应力最小值进行比较求得整体电流应力最优解,可表示为
${I}_{\text{IDPS}}=\mathrm{min}\left\{{I}_{5},{I}_{6},{I}_{7},{I}_{8}\right\}$
DIPS与IDSP控制下的最小电流应力${I}_{\text{DIPS}}$${I}_{\text{IDPS}}$与传输功率p的关系曲线如图5(a)所示。可以看出,当k<2时,采取IDPS电流应力优化控制;当k≥2时,在$p\in [0,2\text{/}3]$范围内采用DIPS优化控制,在$p\in \text{[2/3,1]}$范围内采用IDPS优化控制。应用该方法可以获得全局范围内的电流应力优化效果,将此控制方法称为CDPS控制。
SPS、DPS[13]与CDPS这3种电流应力优化控制策略下的电流应力曲线如图5(b)所示:当k=1时,3种控制策略都处于单移相控制模式,电流应力相同;当1<k<3时,DPS与CDPS在p≤2/3范围内的电流应力小于SPS,随着传输功率的增大趋近于SPS;当k≥3时,CDPS的电流应力在p≤2/3范围内最小、在p≥2/3范围内和DPS相同,且随着电压比的增大,CDPS在p≤2/3范围内的电流应力明显小于DPS与SPS。根据传输功率表达式的定义,在输出电压${U}_{2}$恒定的情况下,随着输入电压${U}_{1}$、即电压比k的增大,理论传输功率最大值也相应增大,而额定传输功率不变,其标幺值随着电压比的增大而减小。因此在电压比较大的情况下,CDPS能够在全功率范围内取得较好的优化效果。
回流功率为电感电流与一次侧桥臂中点电压反相作用时间段内回流至电源侧的功率,根据定义可得到DIPS与IDPS的回流功率表达式,通过式(3)标幺化后得到2种控制策略下的回流功率标幺值为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{q}_{\text{DIPS}}=\frac{{\left[k\left({D}_{1}-1\right)+1-{D}_{2}\right]}^{2}}{2k}\\ {q}_{\text{IDPS}}=\frac{{\left[k\left({D}_{\text{S}}-1\right)+1-2D-{D}_{\text{S}}\right]}^{2}}{2\left(k+1\right)}\end{array}\right.$
SPS、DPS与CDPS这3种电流应力优化控制策略下的回流功率曲线如图5(c)所示,当k≥3时,CDPS的回流功率最小,3种控制策略都能够在优化电流应力的同时,降低部分回流功率。
图6(a)为CDPS的控制框图,通过采样输入电压${U}_{1}$、输出电压${U}_{2}$和输出电流${I}_{2}$,得到电压比k和标幺功率p以确定工作模态,并在此工作模态中实现闭环稳压。图6(b)为CDPS电流应力优化控制的逻辑框图,相比于TPS每个工作模态都需要3个变量来控制[8],CDPS的每个工作模态仅需${D}_{1}$${D}_{2}$或者D${D}_{\text{S}}$共2个控制变量,仍属于双重移相的范畴,控制相对简单。
搭建实验平台以进一步验证CDPS控制策略对电流应力优化的可行性,如图7所示。其中开关管采用IKP20N60H3,额定耐压${V}_{\text{CE}}=600\text{ V}$,导通电压阈值${V}_{\text{GE}}$$=5.1\text{ V}$,导通电流${I}_{\text{D}}$=20 A@100 ℃(40 A @25 ℃),最大过冲电流为80 A;控制电路DSP采用TMSF28377S,具有12组PWM输出能力及12位ADC单端采样精度。样机额定参数见表4
实验对比了不同电压比情况下SPS、DPS与CDPS对电流应力和回流功率的优化效果及对变换器效率的影响。在输出电压${U}_{2}$=200 V不变的情况下,改变输入电压${U}_{1}$分别为100、150、200 V,即k分别为2、3、4,3种控制策略下300 W的实验波形如图8所示,450 W的实验波形如图9所示,图中标注了电感电流最大值,并以灰色阴影面积表示回流功率的大小。
图8可知,在300 W负载下,当k=2时,DPS的电流应力比SPS减小了1.42 A,CDPS的电流应力比DPS减小了0.4 A,当电压比较小时,3种控制策略的电流应力相近;当k=3时,DPS的电流应力比SPS减小了6.87 A,CDPS的电流应力比DPS减小了2.42 A,当电压比较高时,双自由度的控制策略均能取得明显的优化效果,其中CDPS的电流应力最小;当k=4时,DPS的电流应力比SPS减小了15.35 A,CDPS的电流应力比DPS减小了4.44 A,CDPS对电流应力的优化效果随着电压比的增大而愈加明显。450 W负载下的电流应力变化趋势与300 W相似,此处不再赘述。
图10为恒定功率150、300、450 W情况下电流应力和传输效率与输入电压的关系曲线。图11为恒定电压比k=2,3,4情况下电流应力和传输效率与传输功率的关系曲线,其中虚线为理论值。由于实验中寄生参数和损耗等因素的影响,电流应力实验值略大于理论值,但其变化趋势与理论相符。结合图9可以发现,在450 W的负载下,当k=4时,CDPS的电流应力比DPS减小了6.07 A,效率提高了6.15%,为实验结果中CDPS相较于DPS所能取得的最大收益。综合分析可得:在传输功率恒定的情况下,电流应力会随输入电压,即电压比的增大而增大,但传输效率随电压比的增大而减小,其中CDPS的电流应力增幅和传输效率降幅最小;在电压比恒定的情况下,3种控制策略的电流应力都会随着传输功率的增大而增大,其增幅随着电压比的增大而减小;随着电压比和传输功率的增大,CDPS能够取得更好的优化效果。
本文通过改变双自由度的选择和组合方式提出了DIPS和IDPS控制策略,二者具有相同功率特性和开关状态的子模态,可实现2种控制策略的自然过渡;并以最小电流应力为目标,提出了1种基于CDPS的电流应力优化控制策略,通过理论分析和对比实验得出:相比于DPS和SPS,CDPS能够在电压比较大的情况下进一步降低电流应力和回流功率,提高变换器的传输效率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077199)
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2025年第23卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.2.21
  • 接收时间:2022-05-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-01
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-20
  • 修回日期:2022-10-07
  • 录用日期:2022-10-21
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077199)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077199)
作者信息
    浙江大学电气工程学院,杭州 310027

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石健将(1969— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:高效能电能变换器及其先进数字控制技术、智能固态变压器及微网技术。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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